会计基础双语教程
基础会计(双语)教学说课
精心整理课程教案2014—2015学年第二学期课程名称：会计英语Part1Basicofaccounting1.WhatisaccountinganditsroleinBusinessAccountingbranches2.Financialstatements⏹Balancesheet⏹Incomestatement⏹Statementofcashflows⏹StatementofchangesinequityAssets⏹Assetsarevaluableresourcesownedbytheentity.4.Conceptsthatgovernallaccounting⏹(5)Theasset-measurementconcept资产计量Ifreliableinformationisavailable,anassetismeasuredasitsfairvalue. Thefairvalueofmostassetsisknownonthedatetheassetwasacquiredbecausethebuyerandtheselleragreedonthea mount.⏹Ingeneral,assetssuchasland,buildings,equipment,andinventorieshavethischaracteristic:⏹Theirfairvaluecan’tbereliablymeasuredexceptatthetimetheywereacquired.⏹Theyarereportedatcostoranumberbasedoncost.⏹Theassets-measurementconceptcombinesbothtypesofassets:⏹Ifreliableinformationisavailable,theamountofanassetismeasuredatits______;otherwisethemeasurementisb asedonits_______.Whymeasuringassetsatcost?⏹Estimatingfairvalueofeachassetmaybeexpensiveandunreliable.⏹Manyassetsarenotgoingtobesoldinthenearfuture.Theentityandthosewhouseitsbalancesheetthereforedon’tn eedtoknowthefairvalueoftheseassets.⏹Monetaryassets,forexample,cash,securitiesandbonds,arethosethathaveaclaimonaspecifiedamountofmone y.⏹Land,buildings,equipmentandinventoryarenonmometaryassets.⏹Ingeneral,monetaryassetsarereportedat________;⏹Nonmonetaryassetsarereportedat___________.⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹oxes.Assets⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Whichofthesewouldqualifyasassetsofacompanythatsellsdresses?A.Thecompany’srighttocollectamountsowedbycustomers.B.Regulardressesheldforsale.C.Dressesthatnoonewantsbecausetheyhavegoneoutofstyle.D.Acashregisterinworkingcondition.E.Acashregisterthatdoesn’tworkandcan’tberepaired.Assets⏹Cashandotherassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedintocashorusedupinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear ,arecurrentassets.⏹Assetsthatareexpectedtobeusefulforlongerthanonefutureyeararecallednoncurrentassets.Liabilities⏹Liabilitiescanberegardedeitherasclaimsagainsttheassetsorasoneofsourcesfromwhichtheassetswereacquired.Liabilities⏹Currentliabilitiesareclaimsthatbecomeduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.⏹Noncurrentliabilitiesduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.CurrentRatio⏹Thecurrentassetsandcurrentliabilitiesindicatetheentity’sabilitytomeetitscurrentobligations—CurrentRatio .thecurrentratio=currentassets/currentliabilities※acurrentratioofatleast2to1isdesirable.Equity•Atruckownedbyanentityandusedtotransportitsowngoodsisinventories.[T/F/Notgiven] TangibleAssets&IntangibleAssetsTangibleAssets—havephysicalsubstance,canbetouched(Inventory,Plant,Equipment,Buildings,Trucks,Mac hines,etc.)IntangibleAssets—havenophysic alsubstance,can’tbetouched(PatentsandTrademarks,Goodwill,etc.) •Afireinsurancepolicythatprotectstheentityagainstlossescausedbyfiredamage[is/isn’t]anasset.•Andbecausethepolicycoversonlyashortperiodoftime,theassetisa[current/noncurrent]asset.•Theinsurancepolicyhavenophysicalsubstance,exceptasapieceofpaper,soitisa(an)_________asset. •PrepaidExpenseisthenameforintangibleassetsthatwillbeusedupinthenearfuture.Theyareintangiblecurrenta sset,suchasprepaidinsurancepolicy.NoncurrentAssets •Noncurrentassetsareexpectedtobeusedintheentityformorethan_________.(howlong) •Property,PlantandEquipmentare_________.BalanceSheetshowsthe[cost/fairvalue]ofnoncurrentassets. Exhibit1alsoshowsthataportionofthecostofthisassethasbeensubtractedfromtheoriginalcostbecauseithasbee••Netidentifiableassets_______•GradypaidBaker$1,400,000•Therefore,goodwillwas_______CurrentliabilitiesCurrentliabilitiesareobligationsdueinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear.•AccountsPayable•BankLoanPayable•AccruedLiabilities•AccountsPayablearetheoppositeofAccounts______;thatistheyareamountsthat[thecompanyowestoitssuppli ers/areowedtothecompanybyitscustomers]. •SmithCompanysoldapersonalcomputertoBrownCompanyfor$3,000.BrownCompanyagreedtopayforitwith in60days.InBalanceSheet,SmithCompanywouldreportthe$3,000asAccounts______andBrownCompanywo uldreporttheamountasAccounts________. •BankLoanPayableisreportedseparatelyfromAccountsPayablebecausethedebtisevidencedbyapromissoryno te.※Amountsowedtoemployeesandothersforservicestheyhaveprovidedforwhichtheyhavenotbeenpaidarelist•Theamountsofassets,liabilitiesandequityofanentity[remainconstant/changefromdaytoday].Thereforethea mountsshownonitsbalancesheetalso[remainconstant/change]. •Eacheventthatisrecordedintheaccountingrecordsiscalledatransaction. •Cashismoneyonhandandmoneyinbankaccountsthatcanbewithdrawnatanytime.OnJanuary2,ifJohnSmithde posited$8,500 inthebankinsteadof$10,000andkept$1,500inthecashregister,itscashatthecloseofbusinessonJanuary2wouldbe________. •Amountsonabalancesheetarelistedaccordingtothecurrency.Generally,theitemwiththemostcurrentislistedfir st.•Long-termDebt•AccountsPayable(duein60days)•Whenanentityborrowsmoney,itmaysignawrittenpromisetorepay.Suchawrittenpromiseistermedanote.Fore xample,ifBusinessAborrowsmoneyfromBusinessB,signinganote,BusinessAwillrecorda[notereceivable/not epayable]onitsbalancesheet,whileBusinessBwillrecorda_______. •Asweknowthatprofitableoperationsresultinanincreaseinequity,specificallyintheitemR______________. •Example:•OnJanuary3,GlendaleMarketborrowed$5,000cashfromabank,givinganotetherefore.•OnJanuary4,GlendaleMarketpurchasedreceivedinventorycosting$2,000,payingcash.•OnJanuary5,GlendaleMarketsoldmerchandisefor$300,receivingcash.Themerchandisehadcost200.(Retain•••••••____.•withdrawmerchandisecosting$400.•OnJanuary14,SmithlearnedthatthepersonwhopurchasedthelandonJanuary11for$5,000,solditfor$8,000.Th elotstillownedbyGlendaleMarketwasidenticalinvaluewiththisotherplot.•OnJanuary15,GlendaleMarketpaidoff$2,000ofitsbankloan,givingcash.•OnJanuary16,GlendaleMarketwaschangedtoacorporation.JohnSmithreceived100sharesofcommonstockin exchangeforhis$10,100equityinthebusiness.Heimmediatelysold25ofthesesharesfor$4,000cash.3.IncomeMeasurement•Therearetworeasonsfortheincrease ofanentity’sequity.Oneisthereceiptofcapitalfromitsequityinvestors,thati s_______. •Theotheronesourceofanincreaseistheprofitableoperationoftheentity,thatis_______. Whataffectsandwhatdoesn'taffectRetainedEarnings?✓Borrowing$5,000fromabank✓Thepurchaseofinventorycosting$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$300whichcost$200✓Thepurchaseofmerchandisefor$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$800whichcost$500✓•d.•••••••__.••••TheIncomeStatementreportsflowsduringaperiodoftime,whereastheBalanceSheetreportsstatusasofapointof time.•ThustheIncomeStatementmaybecalleda[flow/status]report,andtheBalanceSheetmaybecalleda[flow/status] report. •Theincomestatementreportsrevenuesandexpensesfortheperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem. GlendaleMarketIncomeStatementfortheperiodJanuary2-8Revenue……………………………..$2,000Expense………………………………$1,300Income………………………………..$700Exercise:OnJanuary2,JohnBrownstartedtheBrownCompany,InJanuary,BrownCompanydidthefollowingthings: •Itreceived$5,000cashfromJohnBrownasitscapital.•Itborrowed$10,000fromabank,givinganotetherefore.•Itpurchased$4,000ofinventoryforcash.•Itsold$2,000ofitsinventoryfor$6,000toacustomer,whopaid$3,500cashandagreedtopay$2,500within30days .•Itpurchasedanautofor$7,000.Itpaid$2,000downandgaveanotetotheauto-mobiledealerfortheremaining$5,0LearningObjectives •Thenatureoftheaccountandhowentriesaremadetoaccounts. •Themeaningofdebitandcredit.•Useoftheledgerandthejournal.•Theclosingprocess.•Itemsreportedontheincomestatement.•Attheendofanaccountingperiod,theincreasesareaddedtothebeginningbalance,andthetotalofthedecreasesiss ubtractedfromit.Theresultisthenewbalance.Cash•••••••de.•••••Decreasesinequityare[debits/credits]. •Exhibit3•Recordthefollowingtransactionsintheaccounts.•A.Inventorycosting$600waspurchasedforcash. •B.Inventorycosting$400waspurchasedoncredit.Cash•C.GreenCompanypaid$300toacreditor.•D.GreenCompanyreceived$500 incashfromacreditcustomer. •Becausethetotalofthedebitentriesforanytransactionshouldalwaysequalthetotalofthecreditentries,itiseasyto checktheaccuracywithwhichbookkeepingisdone.IncomeStatementAccounts •IncomeStatementreportstherevenuesandtheexpensesofanaccountingperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem, whichis______.•Aswesee,foreachjournalentry,theaccounttobedebitedislistedfirstandtheaccounttobecreditedislistedbelow, andisindented.•Dr:__________……………•Cr:____________…………..•※Ifyouareuncertainastowhetheraparticularaccountistobedebitedorcredited,youusuallycanfindoutbyr eferringtotheotheraccountintheentry.•e.•••••••hereforetemporaryaccounts.Theyarestartedoveratthebeginningofeachperiod. •Theassetaccountshave[debit/credit/zero]balancesandtheliabilityandequityaccountshave[debit/credit/zero] balances.Thesesaccountsarecarriedforwardtothenextperiod. •Incomestatementaccountsare[temporary/permanent]accountsandbalancesheetaccountsare[temporary/per manent]accounts. •Managementneedsmoredetailedinformationthaniscontainedinthefinancialstatements. •Forexample,insteadofoneaccount,AccountsReceivable,itneedsanaccountforeachcustomersothattheamoun towedbyeachcustomerisknown.Thereforetheledgerusuallycontainsmanymoreaccountsthanthereareitemson thefinancialstatements.Anoteoncomputer •Advantagesoverthemanualsystem •WeaknessChapter4RevenuesandMonetaryAssetsReviewPart:⏹Themeaningofdebitandcredit.IncreasesinassetsareDr.DecreasesinassetsareCr.IncreasesinliabilitiesandequityareCr.DecreasesinliabilitiesandequityareDr.IncreasesinrevenuesareCr.IncreasesinexpensesareDr.⏹ThejournalandtheledgerAnytransactionrequiresatleasttwochangesintheaccounts.Thesechangesarerecordedfirstinthejournaland⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.4.MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:Disregardtrivial(unimportant)matters,Discloseallimportantmatters.Example:p72,4-25,4-265.Realizationconcept（实现性原则）⏹Itdescribeswhenrevenueisrecognized.Whentheproducts(goodsandservices)aredelivered,therevenue isrealized.Example:p73,4-31;P74,4-35,4-36InJanuary,LorenCompanysoldmotorcyclefor$3,800anddeliveredittoJeanMatthews.Matthewsagreedtopayf orthemotorcyclein30days.Inthiscaserevenuesisrecognizedinthemonthbeforetherelatedcashreceipt.✓Whenrevenueisrecognizedbeforetherelatedcashreceiptandtherevenueisaccompaniedbytherighttocollec tthecash.Theentityforthesaleofthemotorcycleoncreditis:Dr.AccountsReceivable 3,800Cr.SalesRevenue 3,800⏹Whenacustomerpaysanentityforacreditpurchase,theentityrecordsanincreaseinCashandacorresponding decreaseinAccountsReceivable.WhenLorenCompanyreceivesacheckfor$3,800fromMatthewsinFebruary,LorenCompanymakesthefollowi ngentry:Dr.Cash 3,800⏹stomers⏹⏹⏹⏹ncept.⏹Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 10,000BadDebtExpense（坏帐费用）⏹Itisusedtorecordthedecreaseinequity.⏹TheentrytorecordLorenCompany’sestimatethatBadDebtExpenseshould beincreasedby$10,000andanAllo wanceforDoubtfulAccountsof$10,000shouldbeestimatedis:Dr.BadDebtExpense 10,000Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts10,000Itemsinthebalancesheet⏹AccountsReceivables,gross$125,000LessAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts-10,000AccountsReceivable,net 115,0006.Baddebtwrittenoff（注销）⏹In2006,LorenCompanyrecognizesthatitisnevergoingtocollectthe$3,000owedbyAustin.Itdoesthisbydecrea singAccountsReceivableandalsodecreasingAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.Writetheentryforthistransactio n.Dr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 3,000Cr.AccountsReceivable 3,0007.MonetaryAssets⏹Monetaryassetsarecashandpromisesbyanoutsidepartytopaytheentityaspecifiedamountofmoney.Whichoft hefollowingassetsaremonetaryassets?⏹Inventory⏹AccountsreceivableChapter5ExpenseMeasurement;TheIncomeStatementReviewPart:⏹Inordertomeasurethenetincomeofaperiod,wemustmeasurerevenuesandexpensesofthatperiod,andthisrequirestheuseofaccrualaccounting.Itismoreusefulandmorecomplicatedthancashaccounting. Conservatismconcept（稳健性原则）⏹Theconservatismhastwoparts:Recognize increases inequityonlywhentheyarereasonably certain.Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts（备抵坏帐）MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:p91,5-22,5-23PrepaidExpensesThegeneralnameforintangibleassetsthatwillbecomeexpensesinafutureperiodisprepaidexpenses.Forexa mple,PrepaidInsuranceExample:⏹BryanCompanypurchasedatwo-yearinsuranceonDecember31,2005for$2,000.Recordthejournalentryforthi stransaction.⏹During2006BryanCompanyuseduphalfofthisinsuranceprotection,therebyincurring$1,000ofinsuranceexpe nse.Theeffectontheaccountantsin2006isadecreaseintheassetPrepaidInsuranceandanincreaseinInsuranceExp ense.Recordthejournalentryfor2006.DepreciationExpense（折旧费用）⏹IfBryanCompanyboughtamachinefor$5,000andexpectedittoprovideserviceforfiveyears,theamountofexpir edcostineachyearprobablywouldbe1/5of$5,000.Ineachofthefiveyears_______________wouldbereportedas $_______.4.Expensethatcreateliabilities⏹Wehavedescribedexpendituresthatfirstwereassetsandthenbecameexpensesasthecostsexpired.Wenowdescr ibeexpensesforwhichtherelatedexpendituresareliabilities.AccruedLiabilities（应计负债）⏹Inthelastweekof2005,EastmanCompanyhadasalaryexpenseof$10,000,whichwasnotpaidtoitsemployees.W ritethejournalentryforthistransaction.Dr.SalaryExpense10,000Cr.AccruedSalaries 10,000⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Losses⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:Exhibit8Percentages⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/Salesrevenue⏹Netincomepercentage（净收入百分比）Chapter6InventoriesandCostofSalesReviewPart:⏹Thedual-aspectconcept⏹Themoney-measurementconcept⏹Theentityconcept⏹Thegoing-concernconcept⏹Theasset-measurementconcept⏹Theconservatismconcept⏹Thematerialityconcept⏹Therealizationconcept⏹Thematchingconcept⏹physicalinventory（物理盘存）Sinceitspurposeistofindthecostofthegoodsthatweresold,eachitemisreportedatitscost.4.Inventoryvaluation:assumptions✓ManycompaniesmakestheFirst-InFirst-Out(FIFO)assumption,forfinancialaccountingpurposesonly.Theyassumethatthegoodsthatcameintotheinventoryfirstarethefirsttomoveout.✓TheLIFOmethodassumestheopposite,namely,thatthenewestunits,whichweretheLastIn,werethefirstt obesold;thatis,thattheywereFirstOut;hencethenameLast-InFirst-Out.✓Average-costmethodcalculatesthecostofboththeendinginventoryandthecostofsalesattheaveragecost perunitofthegoodsavailable.Example:Exhibit9parisonofinventorymethodsFromExhibit9,weseethedifferentcostofsalesindifferentmethods.Theconclusion,thehighercostofsales,thelowerthetaxableincome.Thelowerthetaxableincome,thelowerwillbe paniesusuallyprefertopayaslowasincometaxastheylegallycan.Theref ore,theypreferthemethodthatresultsinhighercostofsales.Ifpricesarerising,(I.e.inflation)thisisusuallytheLIFO method.6.Inventoryvaluation:adjustmenttomarketTheconservatismconceptrequiresthatwereducetheinventoryaccounttotheloweramount.Ifthefairvalue(m arketvalue)ofanitemofinventoryattheendofanaccountingperiodislowerthanitsoriginalcost,t heitemis“written down”（减抵帐面价值）toitsfairvalue.⏹Iftheoriginalcostofanitemwas$100andthecurrentfairvalueis$80,theinventoryshouldbewrittendownby$20,t husthejournalentryis:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Theinventoryturnoverratioshowshowmanytimestheinventoryturnedoverduringayear,whichequalsto: CostofSales/InventoryTheinventoryturnoveroffivetimesisgenerallybetterthanfourtimes.However,ifinventoryistoosmall,order sfromcustomersmaynotbefilledpromptly,whichcanresultinlostsalesrevenue.TheturnoverratiocanbeincreasedeitherbysellingmoregoodswiththesamelevelofinventoryorbyhavinglesGoodsavailableforsaleendingiMethodsofarrivingatinventoryamounts–coHowoverheadratesarecalculatedsetotheentityforlongerthanoneyear.Onthebalancesheet,tangiblenoncurrentassetsareoftenlabeledfixedassets, orproperty,plant,andequipment.2.AccountingForAcquisitionsWhenanitemofplantisacquired,itisrecordedintheaccountsatitscost.Thisisbecauseitisanonmonetaryasset .Thecostofanassetincludesallcostincurredtomaketheassetreadyforitsintendeduse.Forexample,whenbuyi nga plotofland,thecostincludesbroker’sfee,legalfees,etc.Whenbuyingacomputer,thecostincludestransportati onandinstallationcharges.Ifanentityconstructsamachineorabuildingwithitsownpersonnel,allcostsincurredin constructionareincludedintheassetamount.P129,7-83.CapitalLease(资本租赁)Aleaseforalongtime–almostthewholelifeoftheasset–iscalledacapitallease.Astheentitycontrolstheitemforalmostitswholelife,acapitalleaseisrecordedasanasset.Theamountrecorde dforacapitalleaseistheamounttheentitywouldhavepaidifithadpurchasedtheitemratherthanleasedit.Forexample,ifanentityleasedamachinefor10years,agreeingtopay$10,000peryear,andifthepurchaseprice ofthemachinewas$70,000,thiscapitalleasewouldberecordedasanassetatanamountof______.Thejournalentry is:4.DepreciationAslandisanonmonetaryasset,inaccordancewiththeasset-measurementconcept,landthereforecontinuesto bereportedonthebalancesheetatitsacquisition.Forexample,WaikatoHospitalpurchasedaplotoflandin1990atacostof$100,000,itwouldhavebeenreportedat$100,000ontheDec31, 1990,balancesheet.IfWaikato5.Units-Of-ProductionDepreciation(产量折旧法)Intheunits-of-productionmethod,acostperunitofproductioniscalculated,anddepreciationexpensesforaye arisfoundbymultiplyingthisunitcostbythenumberofunitsthattheassetproducedinthatyear.Forexample,GradyCompanypurchasedatruckin2005for$44,000.Itestimatedthatthetruckwouldprovides ervicesfor100,000milesandwouldhavearesidualvalueof$4,000.Howmuchisthedepreciablecost,itsestimatedcostpermile?In2006,thetruckwasdriven15,000miles.Howm uchisitsdepreciationexpensein2006?6.Straight-lineDepreciation(直线折旧法)Thepercentageofcostchargedoffeachyeariscalledthedepreciationrate.Itisequals1/numberofyearsofservi celifeForexample,ifanassetistobedepreciatedoverfiveyears,thedepreciationrateis___.Ifthedepreciationcostis $9,000andthedepreciationrateis20%,theamountofdepreciationexpenseeachyearwillbe___.7.AcceleratedDepreciation(加速折旧法)Accelerateddepreciationisusedprincipallyincalculatingtaxableincome.8.AccountingforDepreciation⏹P136-1379.SaleofAPlantAsset⏹Gain(orloss)ondispositionofplant 处理工厂设施所处理的增溢或损失⏹Example:P141,7-5710.SignificanceOfDepreciation⏹Thepurposeofdepreciationistowriteoffafairshareofthecostoftheassetineachyearinwhichitprovidesservice.Chapter8LiabilitiesandEquityReviewPart:⏹Howplantassetsarerecordedintheaccounts⏹Themeaningandsignificanceofstraight-lineandaccelerateddepreciation⏹HowdepreciationisrecordedDr.DepreciationExpense 1,000Cr.AccumulatedDepreciation 1,0001.WorkingCapital（营运资本）Thepartofthecurrentassetsnotfinancedbythecurrentliabilitiesiscalledworkingcapital.Therefore,working capitalisthedifferencebetweencurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.Workingcapital=Currentassets–CurrentLiabilities⏹⏹⏹⏹✓✓The$3,000ofunpaidinterestthatwasanexpensein2005bythefollowingentry:Dr.InterestExpense 3,000Cr.InterestPayable 3,000In2006,whenthisinterestwaspaidtothebondholders,theentryasfollows:Dr.InterestPayable 3,000Cr.Cash 3,0006.TypesofEquityCapitalTherearetwosourcesofequitycapital:⏹Paid-inCapital:Amountspaidinbyequityinvestors,whoaretheentity’sowners.⏹RetainedEarnings:Amountsgeneratedbytheprofitableoperationsoftheentity.7.Proprietorship（个体所有）Someentitiesdonotreportthesetwosourcesseparately.Anunincorporatedbusinessownedbyasingleperson iscalledaproprietorship.Theequityiteminaproprietorshipisoftenreportedbygivingtheproprietor’sname,follo wedbytheword“capital”.Forexample,MaryGreenistheproprietorofGreen’sMarket.Green’sMarkethastotalequityof$10,000.MaryGreen,Capital……………............$10,0008.Partnership（合伙人）Apartnershipisanunincorporatedbusinessownedbytwoormorepersonsjointly.Ifthereareonlyafewpartner s,theequityofeachwouldbeshownseparately.Forexample,JohnBlackandHenryBrownareequalpartnersinalaundrybusiness.OnDecember31,2005,the equityinthebusinesstotaled$100,000.Theequitymightbereportedonthatdateasfollows:.12.RetainedEarningsandDividend⏹TheRetainedEarningsaccountincreasesbytheamountofnetincomeeachperiodanddecreasebytheamountofdi vidends.IfRetainedEarningsare$100,000atthestartofaperiodofaperiodduringwhichadividendof$20,000isdeclare dandduringwhichnetincomeis$30,000,RetainedEarningswillbe_____attheendoftheperiod.⏹Netincomereferstotheincreaseinequityinoneyear,whereasretainedearningsreferstothenetincrease,afterdedu ctionofdividends,overthelifeofthecorporationtodate.13.Distributiontoshareholders⏹Mostcorporationsmakeanannualcashpaymenttotheircommonshareholders.Thisiscalledadividend.Cashdivi denddecreasesshareholderequity.IfCrowleyCompanydeclaredandpaidadividendof$5pershare,andifithad$100,000sharesofcommonstock outstanding,thedividendwouldbe____.ThejournalentrytorecordtheeffectofthisdistributiononCashandRetai nedEarningswouldbe:Dr.RetainedEarnings 500,000Cr.Cash 500,00014.StockSplit（分股）Acompanymaysenditsshareholdersadditionalsharesequaltothenumberofsharestheyown,orevendoubleo rtriplethisnumberofshares.Theymightdothisbecauseitbelievesahighmarketpricepersharehasanundesirablein fluenceintradingthestock.Thisiscalledstocksplit.Theymake“two-for-one”stocksplit.Astocksplithasthesameeffectasastockdividend.Cashisunchanged.RetainedEarningsisunchanged.Them arketpricepersharedecreases.ed.⏹⏹⏹⏹易）nated.P164,8-70,8-71,8-74⏹MinorityInterest（少数股东权益）--Ifashareholderowntheother40%ofacompany,theyareminorityshareholders.Theyhaveaninterestintheconso lidatedentity,andthisinterestisreportedintheliabilitiesandequitysideoftheconsolidatedbalancesheet.⏹Theconsolidatedfinancialstatementsreportontheentitycalled”PalmCompanyandSubsidiaries.”Thisfamilyofcorporatio nsisanecon omicentity, butitisnotal egalentity.t:⏹–⏹ities⏹Proprietorship,Partnership⏹CommonStock&PreferredStock⏹ConsolidatedFinancialStatement⏹Debt/EquityRatio1.Threefinancialstatements⏹BalanceSheet⏹IncomeStatement–focusonprofitability（收益性）--basedonaccrualaccounting⏹CashFlows–focusonliquidity（流动性）&solvency（偿付能力）--basedoncashaccounting StatementofCashFlows⏹CashFlowfromOperatingActivities （经营活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromInvestingActivities （投资活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromFinancingActivities （筹资活动的现金流量表）2.Methodstopreparethestatementofcashflows⏹Directmethod⏹Indirectmethod–ismorewidelyusedbecauseitshowstherelationshipbetweentheincomestatementandthebala ncesheetandthereforeaidsintheanalysisofthesestatements.Theindirectmethodusesbalancesheetaccountchangestodeterminewhethersuchchangeshadapositiveorne gativeimpactoncashflow.Sincethebalancesheetmustalwaysstayinbalance,itiseasytodeterminetheimpactonc ashbyanalyzingchangesineachoftheotheraccounts.3.CashflowfromoperatingactivitiesItisthedifferencebetweenoperatingcashinflowsandoperatingcashoutflows.Tofindtheamountofcashflow fromoperatingactivities,wemustmaketwotypesofadjustmentstonetincome:1)2)⏹⏹⏹⏹5.Cashflowfromfinancingactivities⏹Companiesmayobtaincashbyissuingdebtsecurities,suchasbonds.Issuingdebtsecuritiesisafinancingactivity.⏹Theborrowingsreportedinthefinancingsectionarebothshorttermandlong-termborrowings.Whereasshort-ter mborrowingsoftenappearascurrentliabilities,changesinthemarereportedinthesectiononcashflowfromfinanci ngactivities.⏹Aninvestingactivityisnotalwaysacashoutflow,andafinancingactivitiesisnotalwaysacashinflow.esofthestatementofcashflowsTherearethreesectionsinthestatementsofcashflows:cashflowfromoperatingactivities,cashflowfrominvestingactivities,andcashflowfromfinancingactivities.Thecashflowfromoperatingactivitiesisfoundbyadju stingnetincomefordepreciationexpenseandchangesinnoncashcurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.⏹Depreciationexpenseisnotacashflow.Becauseitdecreasesnetincome,itisaddedbacktonetincomeinordertoarriveatthecashflowfromoperatingactivities.⏹Investingactivitiesincludetheacquisitionofnewfixedassetsandtheproceedsofsellingfixedassets.⏹Financingactivitiesincludeobtainingfundsfromlong-termborrowings,repaymentoftheseborrowingsandobtainingfundsfromissuanceofadditionalstock.⏹Adecreaseincurrentassetsmeansanincreaseincash.Oppositely,adecreaseincurrentliabilitiesmeansadecreaseincash.1.LimitationsoffinancialstatementanalysisP185,186 10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,10-52.Auditing⏹GAAP:Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples3.Overallfinancialmeasuresofperformance⏹ROE=Netincome/Equity4.Factorsaffectingreturnonequity⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/SalesRevenue⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹。
基础会计(英文版)(第二版)Chapter05 Sales and Sales Journal
Practical: to maintain a separate account for each charge customer.
Follow the process
The Accounting Equation of a Merchandising Business
Revenue from the sales of goods under the Sales account
Merchandise: goods acquired by a merchandising business for resale to its customers in the same physical condition.
The Sales Journal
Sales journal is used to record sales of merchandise on credit only
Since the money column is headed Accounts Receivable Dr and Sales Cr, a single line is sufficient to record a transaction, whereas at least three lines are needed in the general journal (debit, credit, and explanation).
posts the total of the credit sales from the sales journal to the general ledger by debiting the Accounts Receivable (controlling) account and crediting the Sales account.
基础会计(英文版)(第二版)Chapter10 Accounts for Partnership and Distribution of Net Income
Income Summary Guangli, Capital Guanghai, Capital
800 000 440 000 360 000
To close the income summary account by crediting each partner with agreed ratio upon salary allowance and dividing the remaining profits equally
Partnership Accounting
Additional Investments
After three months of operation, the firm was in need of cash for future operation. The two partners of the firm decided to increase their respective investments to 1 000 000 yuan. Cash Gunagli, Captial Guanghai, Capital To record additional investment 330 000 280for Partnership and Distribution of Net Income
Accounts for Partnership
Partnership: a convenient, inexpensive means of combining the capital and the special abilities of two or two partners. Joint venture: the sharing of an operation’s cost, risk, and management with a partner pr partners from overseas.
英文版基础会计学共33页文档
11
The Value of Accounting
Without trust, we could not have even a family, let alone a firm;
911 and the increase of trusting cost;
accounting; Accounting: A bird view
2
Opening Story
Everyone here is supposed to know the Outlaws of the Marsh;
Question I:
Who plays the role of “CFO” of the Marsh Mountain Liang?
issues:
Effective ways to raise and allocate capital; Trust crisis;
We have Corporate Finance and Auditing subjects respectively.
22
Corporate Finance and Auditing
→There are two;
3
Opening Story
Some other positions related to accounting;
4
Opening Story
Question II:
Why does the Marsh Mountaion Liang need such positions as CFO and Chief Controller?
8
The Nature of Man
国际会计双语Accounting-for-Foreign-Currency课件 (一)
国际会计双语Accounting-for-Foreign-Currency课件 (一)国际会计双语Accounting-for-Foreign-Currency课件是一项为学习和掌握国际财务会计知识而准备的教学材料。
这个课程的重点在于介绍和实践处理外汇会计及其相关问题。
下面将分几个方面进行详细阐述。
一、课程介绍本课程主要包括外汇汇率和汇兑、外汇利率和利率平价、外汇风险和汇率替代等方面知识。
它旨在教会学生如何通过财务报表分析了解公司外汇风险管理。
通过这个课程，学生可以掌握外汇汇率测算、外汇计价及汇兑计算等技能和知识。
二、课程内容1、外汇汇率和汇兑：该部分主要介绍外汇的基本概念、汇率和汇率浮动、汇率变化对财务报表的影响以及外汇的调整。
2、外汇利率和利率平价：该部分阐述外汇利率及其作用、利率平价理论、利率变动对外汇风险影响和利率平价体现的外汇汇率关系。
3、外汇风险和汇率替代：该部分主要探讨外汇风险以及其类型、汇率替代方法以及利用外汇期货等工具处理外汇风险的方法。
三、教学目标1、理解外汇汇率的定义和作用，了解外汇汇率的浮动及其影响；2、掌握外汇计价等会计处理方法；3、把握外汇利率和利率平价理论、懂得外汇风险处理的相关方法。
四、教材特点本教材是以资产负债表、利润表为重心，从外汇会计开展上介绍和分析财务报表，并带有双语翻译。
五、教学难点汇率的计算、外汇风险的控制和外汇会计处理是本课程的难点部分，需要学生进行每周的习题和课堂练习。
六、教学方法本课程主要采用讲授、实例分析、案例研究和互动讨论等多种教学方法，充分发挥师生互动，促进课程教学的有效展开。
七、教学评价本课程视力、听力、口语、写作和算法技能的等级评价。
除了学术表现之外，表现优秀的学生还将有机会获得实习机会等奖励。
通过考核，学生成绩优秀者还将有机会赴海外进行进一步学习和深造。
总之，国际会计双语Accounting-for-Foreign-Currency课件，是培养掌握国际财务知识和提高学生在外汇会计方面的实际能力的重要手段。
会计英语基础会计双语版第三版课程设计
会计英语基础会计双语版第三版课程设计课程概述本课程旨在帮助学习者通过学习会计基础及相关的英语词汇和知识，提高其会计领域的语言沟通和理解能力。
本课程结合了会计和英语学习，以基础会计知识和英语双语教学为主线，融入实际案例分析和交际技巧演练，以提升学习者职业素养，为他们未来的职场发展打下良好的基础。
教材与参考书目•《会计学原理》（第五版，朱进主编，高等教育出版社）•《会计英语基础教程》（第二版，谢宙斌主编，外语教学与研究出版社）课程目标通过学习本课程，学生应当能够：1.熟悉会计基本概念和原则；2.掌握会计基础知识和常用会计报表；3.熟练掌握英语中与会计相关的词汇和表达方式；4.能够运用所学会计知识和英语技能进行语言沟通和理解。
教学内容第一章会计学概述•会计定义及原则•会计发展历程•会计职业道德第二章会计制度与核算•会计核算及其方法•会计科目•会计凭证第三章资产负债表及附注•资产负债表及其基本结构•资产、负债和所有者权益的概念•资产负债表的编制方法和分析第四章利润表及附注•利润表的结构和内容•利润的概念和计算方法•利润表和资产负债表的关系第五章现金流量表•现金的概念和种类•现金流量表的概念及编制方法•现金流量表编制中的注意事项和分析技巧第六章会计报表分析•报表分析和评价的基本方法•资产负债表和利润表分析•财务指标分析的基本概念第七章会计英语初步•会计英语基础语法•常用会计英语词汇•会计英语常用表达方式第八章会计英语应用•会计英语交际技巧和实践•会计英语书写规范和常见错误•会计英语案例分析和应用教学方法•理论学习：讲授会计基础知识和英语规则，并结合相关案例进行解析和应用。
•实践演练：进行英语口语和书写的练习，增加学生语言自信心和实战能力。
•课外自主学习：为了提高学生的自主学习能力，鼓励学生自主查找学习资料和进行课外习题练习。
成绩考核•平时成绩占比：30%•个人作业成绩占比：20%•期中考试成绩占比：25%•期末考试成绩占比：25%课程总结本课程旨在培养学生在会计领域的语言沟通和理解能力，通过学习会计基础及相关的英语知识，提高其职场竞争力。
会计双语教程课件
3. Post
4. Prepare Unadjusted Trial Balance
5. Adjust
9. Prepare Post-Closing Trial balance
8. Close
7. Prepare Statements
6. Prepare Adjusted Trial Balance
说课内容
●教
材
● 教学对象 ● 教学内容
● 教学目标 ● 教学方法 ● 教学步骤 ● 板书框架
教材
Fundamental Accounting Principles(12th Canadian edition) Kermit rson,Tilly Jensen;
基础会计(第三版) 孙铮主编,上海财经大 学出版社。
Revenues
教学对象
充满朝气和活力的08级中加合作办学市场 营销专业（MAM）专科学生，初学会计 ，基础薄弱。
教学内容
第五章 结账 第二节 记账过程
重点：实账户与虚账户的概念； 结账过程与结账分录。
难点：结账的涵义； 本期损益账户的结构； 结账分录。
教学目标
知识方面：通过本课程教学，学生应能区 分实账户和虚账户，掌握结账的涵义和步 骤。
Learning Objectives
Describe and prepare a worksheet(工作 表) and explain its usefulness
Describe the closing process（结账过程 ） ,temporary accounts and permanent accounts（虚账户和实账户）
Temporary Account虚帐户
财务管理财务会计会计学基础双语讲义
财务管理财务会计会计学基础双语讲义choiceshehas?Suchaswhichpany?4．向学生介绍所选教材的特点及使用方法，让学生掌握正确的学习方法，便于学生课后自学，提高学习效果。
Textbook:IntroductionHowtousethisbook参见part1.ppt第二课程段：教师讲解（60分钟）1．以教材内容为主讲授相关概念，注意讲授中尽量结合日常生活中的事例，使抽象的概念变得浅显易懂。
KeyTerms:accounting,financialstatement,balancesheet,accountingelement,assets,liabilities,equity,accountingequation,thedual-aspectconcept,creditor,investor,themoney-measurementconcept,theentityconcept.2．依据教材特点，边讲边练。
从1-1至1-55，共55小段。
具体内容参见教材及幻灯片。
第三课程段：学生实战（35分钟）1．对教材中出现的实例，由学生自己动手解决问题。
如：1-15，1-16，1-20，1-22，1-23，1-28，1-35，1-36，1-44,etc.2．教师提供部分练习素材，供学生讨论、练习。
并找两名同学在黑板上练习。
3．教师总结本章重点、难点，再次讲解学生在实务练习中存在的问题。
第四课程段：布置课后作业（10分钟）Homework:✶ReviewPart1✶CompletePosttext1onpage229byyourself✶Checktheansweronpage245.✶ReviewPart1again.✶Doexercises1to4.✶PleasepreparingPart2.Exercise11.Junehasabusinesswithassetsintheamountof$60,000andliabilitiesthattotal$35,000.Whatistheamountofherowner’sequity?2.Black’sbusinesshasassetsof$80,000andowner’sequityof$42,000.How mucharetheliabilitiesofhispany?3.SharlaKnox’shasabusinesswithliabilitiesthattotal$21,000andowner ’sequityintheamountof$72,000.Whatisthetotaloftheassets?Exercise2DanPike’spanyhasthefollowingaccountbalanceasofOctober31,2001:Cash$25,000AccountsPayable$5,000Equipment50,000DanPike,capital100,000Automobile36,780DanPike,Drawing15,000Retainedearnings21,780Required:PrepareabalancesheetinaccountformasofOctober31,2001.Exercise3ThetotalassetsandtotalliabilitiesofToys“R”UsInc．andEsteeLauderCompaniesInc.follow．Toys‘‘R’UsEsteeLauderCompanies(in millions) (in millions)Assets$8,003$3,219Liabilities4,5851,867Required:Determinethestockholders’equityofeachpany.Exercise4Determinethemissingamounts(inmillions)forthe2001balancesheets(sum marizedbelow)forTheLimitedInc．，FederalExpressCorporation，andEastmanKodakCo．FederalEastmanThe Limited Express KodakAssets$4,088(b)$13,362Liabilities(a)$5,32310,468Stockholders’equity2,3174,248(C)Part2MoreAbouttheBalanceSheet所需课时：3课时授课时间：2005.9.2910.10课程目标：1．理解并掌握以下会计原则：---持续经营原则---资产计价原则成本（历史成本）市价（公允价格）2．进一步了解和认识资产负债表3．明确资产负债表各具体项目的含义--课程设计：第一课程段：复习前章要点（20分钟）1．会计的定义及特点2．资产负债表的基本要素3．会计基本要素的概念4．会计等式5．3个会计原则第二课程段：教师讲解（70分钟）1以教材内容为主讲授相关概念，并结合企业是计和日常生活中的实例，使抽象的概念变得浅显易懂。
会计英语基础会计双语版课程设计
会计英语基础会计双语版课程设计课程介绍本课程是针对具备英语基础的学生设计的双语版会计课程。
学生将学习基本的会计概念、原则和方法，并学会用英语进行会计相关的表述、沟通和交流。
课程包括四个模块，分别为：会计概述、会计制度、会计科目和会计报表。
每个模块包含中英文双语教学内容，旨在帮助学生掌握会计英语和基础会计知识，提升双语能力和职场竞争力。
课程目标1.了解会计的基本概念和原则2.熟悉会计制度和会计科目3.能够用英语进行会计表述、沟通和交流4.能够阅读和分析会计报表5.提升双语能力和职场竞争力课程大纲模块一：会计概述本模块将介绍会计的基础知识，包括会计概念、会计的职能和目标、会计的基本原则等。
课程涉及下列主题：•会计概念和定义•会计的职能和目标•会计的基本原则•会计准则和规范•会计事务处理模块二：会计制度本模块将介绍在不同国家和地区的会计制度。
课程将涉及下列主题：•会计制度的分类及其特点•中美两国会计制度的比较•会计制度的变革与发展模块三：会计科目本模块将介绍会计科目的概念和分类。
课程将涉及下列主题：•会计科目的分类•会计科目的设置和调整•会计科目的变动和调整模块四：会计报表本模块将介绍财务会计常见的报表和分析方法。
课程将涉及下列主题：•财务会计报表的概念和类型•资产负债表和利润表的分析方法•现金流量表的编制和分析教学方式本课程采用双语教学方式，以讲授、演示、案例讨论和课堂练习等多种形式进行。
同时，学生需要完成相应的课后练习和阅读任务，加强对所学知识的理解和应用。
将通过学生对课程理解和运用的考核来评估学生的学习成果，如口头报告、书面报告、小组讨论、考试等。
参考书目1.胡伟. 会计学基础[M]. 清华大学出版社, 2012.2.李建国. 会计概论[M]. 高等教育出版社, 2014.3.张霞, 刘丽英. 会计学[M]. 高等教育出版社, 2013.4.邓立平. 会计基础[M]. 高等教育出版社, 2014.总结本课程为具备英语基础的学生提供了一门覆盖面广、内容丰富的双语版会计课程。
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股份公司
股份公司即股份有限公司 股东与股票 按规定向公司投入一定量的资本 公司提供能证明其拥有该公司股份资本所 有权的证书就是股票 常见形式：中国石油化工股份有限公司
股份公司
Business Entity Legal entity Limited liability Unlimited life Business taxed One owner allowed
Owned by two or more people. Legal requirements - file for a business license and register the business name. Unlimited liability. Profits are claimed on partners personal income tax. There is usually an agreement in place, either written or oral, stating how profits and losses are shared. There are two types of partnerships.
Business organizations and nonbusiness organizations A business is one or more individuals selling products or services for profit.
Business Organizations
企业活动
投资活动 • 购买资源 (资产)
投资
融资
投资活动是指企业以自有的资产投入，承担相应的风险，以期合法地取得更多 的资产或权益的一种经济活动。 企业投资需要注意几个方面的问题：一、客观评估自身条件，要量力而行。二 、认真研究投资环境。三、确定投资项目，要作好市场调查。
企业活动
经营活动
• 销售产品和服务 • 导致收入和费用
投资
融资
经营
会计恒等式前瞻
投资
资产
负债 所有者权益
融资
资产=负债+所有者权益
案例 会计为什么存在——王记杂货店
老王在社区内开了一家“王记”杂货店。刚开始 的时候，老王，自己进货，老伴经营。为了将家 里现金的收支和杂货店的现金收支分开，以计算 杂货店的盈利情况，老伴的办法是将家里的钱和 杂货店的钱分开放。很快，生意做起来了，老王 发现资金不足，人手也不够，就邀请表弟陈青入 伙，并请了一个伙计—李平来看店。现在又如何 区分老王家里的收支和杂货店的收支呢？这时候 ，李平的办法是，拿一个账本将杂货店每天收入 和支出的现金记录下来。 从上述例子中，我们要思考这样一个问题： 为什么刚开始的时候老王只是把店里的钱和家里 的钱分开放就可以了，但陈青加盟并请了伙计后 却要记账？
Sole Partnershi Proprietorship p Yes Yes No No No No No No No No
Corporatio n Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Non-Business Organizations
Include not-for-profit and government organizations. Operate not for profit, but rather for goals such as health, education, religious services, and cultural and social activities. They do not have an identifiable owner. Are accountable to taxpayers, donors, lenders, legislators, regulators and other continuants.
Corporation(股份公司)
A separate legal entity. A corporation is responsible for it’s own acts and own debts. It can enter into it’s own contracts and can buy, own and sell property. It can sue and be sued. File their own taxes and pay tax on its profits.
Entrepreneur
You should probably form your business as a corporation if potential lawsuits are of prime concern. The corporation form of organizaition would protect your potential property from lawsuits directed at the business, and would place only the corporation’s resources at risk. You should also examine the ethical and socially responsible aspects of starting a business where you anticipate injuries to others.
个人独资企业
独资企业是由某一所有者投资创办的企业，该所有 者对企业的债务负有无限的责任，但他拥有企业所 有的利润。 个人独资企业的财产归投资人个人所有 个人独资企业的出资人是一个自然人 投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任 常见形式：个体工商户
Partnerships(合伙企业)
Limited liability partnership restricts partners liabilities to their own acts and the acts of the individuals under their control. This protects the innocent partner from the negligence of another partner, yet they are all still responsible for the partnerships debt. 有限责任合伙企业由一个或几个普通合伙人和一个或 几个责任有限的合伙人组成，即合伙人中至少有一个 人要对企业的经营活动负无限责任，而其他合伙人只 能其出资额为限对债务承担偿债责任，因而这类合伙 人一般不直接参与企业经营管理活动。
Chapter 1
Accounting: The Key to Success 会计：成功的钥匙
Learning Objectives
Describe forms of business organizations(企 业组织的形式). Understand Business Activity(企业活动) Describe accounting and its goals and users(会计的目的和使用者). Identify users and uses of accounting.(会计 的作用)
案例 会计为什么存在——王记杂货店
合伙企业
合伙企业是由两个或更多合伙人组建的经济实体 财产共有 责任无限 利益共享 常见形式：律师事务所与会计师事务所
Limited Vs Limited Liabilirtnership includes a general partner(s) with unlimited liability and a limited partner(s) with limited liability with the liability restricted to the amount invested. 普通合伙的合伙人均为普通合伙人，对合伙企业的债 务承担无限连带责任。例如，甲、乙、丙三人成立的 合伙企业破产时，当甲、乙已无个人资产抵偿企业所 欠债务时，虽然丙已依约还清应分摊的债务，但仍有 义务用其个人财产为甲、乙两人付清所欠的应分摊的 合伙债务，当然此时丙对甲、乙拥有财产追索权。
Businesses take one of three forms: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. 企业的三种组织形式：独资企业、合伙企 业与股份公司
Sole Proprietorship(独资企业)
A business owned by only one person. Legal requirements - file for a business license and register the business name. For accounting purposes, it is considered a separate entity, but, it is not considered a separate legal entity from its owner (unlimited liability). Profits are taxed on owner’s personal income tax return(个人所得税).
案例思考
You and a friend have developed a new design for mountain bikes that improves speed and performance by a remarkable 25% to 40%. You are planning to form a small business to manufacture and market these bikes. You and your friend are concerned about potential lawsuits from individuals who may become injured because of using the speed feature of the bikes with reckless abandon. What form of organization do you set up?