2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷.理)含答案

2019年全国卷2理综高考试题(含答案)

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 As 75 I 127 Sm 150一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．在真核细胞的内质网和细胞核中能够合成的物质分别是A．脂质、RNAB．氨基酸、蛋白质C．RNA、DNAD．DNA、蛋白质2．马铃薯块茎储藏不当会出现酸味，这种现象与马铃薯块茎细胞的无氧呼吸有关。

下列叙述正确的是A．马铃薯块茎细胞无氧呼吸的产物是乳酸和葡萄糖B．马铃薯块茎细胞无氧呼吸产生的乳酸是由丙酮酸转化而来C．马铃薯块茎细胞无氧呼吸产生丙酮酸的过程不能生成ATPD．马铃薯块茎储藏库中氧气浓度的升高会增加酸味的产生3．某种H﹢-ATPase是一种位于膜上的载体蛋白，具有ATP水解酶活性，能够利用水解ATP释放的能量逆浓度梯度跨膜转运H﹢。

①将某植物气孔的保卫细胞悬浮在一定pH的溶液中（假设细胞内的pH高于细胞外），置于暗中一段时间后，溶液的pH不变。

②再将含有保卫细胞的该溶液分成两组，一组照射蓝光后溶液的pH明显降低；另一组先在溶液中加入H﹢-ATPase的抑制剂（抑制ATP水解），再用蓝光照射，溶液的pH不变。

根据上述实验结果，下列推测不合理的是A．H﹢-ATPase位于保卫细胞质膜上，蓝光能够引起细胞内的H﹢转运到细胞外B．蓝光通过保卫细胞质膜上的H﹢-ATPase发挥作用导致H﹢逆浓度梯度跨膜运输C．H﹢-ATPase逆浓度梯度跨膜转运H﹢所需的能量可由蓝光直接提供D．溶液中的H﹢不能通过自由扩散的方式透过细胞质膜进入保卫细胞4．当人体失水过多时，不会发生的生理变化是A．血浆渗透压升高B．产生渴感C．血液中的抗利尿激素含量升高D．肾小管对水的重吸收降低5．某种植物的羽裂叶和全缘叶是一对相对性状。

2019年全国高考理综物理试题及答案-全国卷I(精编版)

绝密★本科目考试启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）理科综合测试物理注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56I 127二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n=1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为A ．1.6×102 kgB ．1.6×103 kgC ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg17．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．018．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。

2019年高考全国2卷真题(含语文,理科数学,英语)及答案

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

杜甫之所以能有集大成之成就，是因为他有可以集大成之容量。

而其所以能有集大成之容量，最重要的因素，乃在于他生而禀有一种极为难得的健全才性——那就是他的博大、均衡与正常。

杜甫是一位感性与理性兼长并美的诗人，他一方面具有极大极强感性，可以深入到他接触的任何事物，把握住他所欲攫取的事物之精华；另一方面又有着极清明周至的理性，足以脱出于一切事物蒙蔽与局限，做到博观兼美而无所偏失。

这种优越的禀赋表现于他的诗中，第一点最可注意的成就，便是其汲取之博与途径之正。

就诗歌体式风格方面而言，古今长短各种诗歌他都能深入撷取尽得其长，而且不为一体所限，更能融会运用，开创变化，千汇万状而无所不工。

我们看他《戏为六绝句》之论诗，以及与当时诸大诗人，如李白、高适、岑参、王维、孟浩然等，酬赠怀念的诗篇中论诗的话，都可看到杜甫采择与欣赏的方面之广；而自其《饮中八仙歌》《曲江三章》《同谷七歌》等作中，则可见到他对各种诗体运用变化之神奇工妙；又如从《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》《北征》及“三吏”“三别”等五古之作中，可看到杜甫自汉魏五言古诗变化而出的一种新面貌。

就诗歌内容方面而言，杜甫更是无论妍媸巨细，悲欢忧喜，宇宙的一切人物情态，都能随物赋形，淋漓尽致地收罗笔下而无所不包，如写青莲居士之“飘然思不群”，写空谷佳人之“日暮倚修竹”；写丑拙则“袖露两肘”，写工丽则“燕子风斜”；写玉华宫之荒寂，予人以一片沉哀悲响；写洗兵马之欢忭，写出一片欣奋祝愿之情、其涵蕴之博与变化之多，都足以为其禀赋之博大、均衡与正常的证明。

其次值得注意的，则是杜甫严肃中之幽默与担荷中之欣赏，我以为每一位诗人对于其所面临的悲哀与艰苦，都各有其不同的反应态度，如渊明之任化，太白之腾跃，摩诘之禅解，子厚之抑敛。

2019年全国卷1(物理)含答案

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合·物理（全国Ⅰ卷）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n=1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为 A ．1.6×102 kg B ．1.6×103 kg C ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg17．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．018．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。

2019年全国高考I卷理综(化学)试题及答案

（4）反应④所需的试剂和条件是__________。
（5）⑤的反应类型是__________。
（6）写出F到G的反应方程式__________。
（7）设计由甲苯和乙酰乙酸乙酯(CH3COCH2COOC2H5)制备的合成路线__________(无机试剂任选)。
化学部分解析
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127
D项、2-苯基丙烯为烃类，分子中不含羟基、羧基等亲水基团，，难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，则2-苯基丙烯难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂甲苯，故D错误。
故选B。
【点睛】本题考查有机物的结构与性质，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意把握有机物的结构，掌握各类反应的特点，并会根据物质分子结构特点进行判断是解答关键。
3.实验室制备溴苯的反应装置如下图所示，关于实验操作或பைடு நூலகம்述错误的是
回答下列问题：
（1）在95℃“溶侵”硼镁矿粉，产生的气体在“吸收”中反应的化学方程式为_________。
（2）“滤渣1”的主要成分有_________。为检验“过滤1”后的滤液中是否含有Fe3+离子，可选用的化学试剂是_________。
（3）根据H3BO3的解离反应：H3BO3+H2O H++B(OH)−4，Ka=5.81×10−10，可判断H3BO3是_______酸；在“过滤2”前，将溶液pH调节至3.5，目的是_______________。
故选A。
【点睛】本题考查物质性质，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意化学与生活的联系，把握物质性质、反应与用途为解答的关键。
2.关于化合物2−苯基丙烯（），下列说法正确的是

【高考试卷】2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷)及答案》

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speedingSection BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.C. Lynn’s great performance at work.D. Lynn’s efficiency in conducting programs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Economic questions. B. Routine questions.C. Academic questions.D. Challenging questions.15. A. Work experience. B. Educational qualifications.C. Problem-solving abilities.D. Information-gathering abilities.16. A. Features of different types of interview. B. Skills in asking interview questions.C. Changes in three interview models.D. Suggestions for different job interviews. Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Latest Conference InformationDate: 8th 17Place: Palace 18 , ShanghaiRegistration fee: $ 19Speaker: Carla Marisco from Milan UniversitySpeech topic: Opportunities and Risks in the 20 MarketBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.An Interview with David, a Skateboarding (滑板运动) LoverWhat was David's schoolwork like? He was able to get his schoolwork done 21 .What was his only problem atschool?He was unable to 22 in class.Why did he say the newheadmaster was wonderful?He let students 23 of their own.How was his new style differentfrom other skaters?It was robot-like, with 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. —I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings ofotherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package b y the end of this year, ________ they mighthave.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. restoreB. recallC. processingD. previouslyE. necessaryF. locatingG. insteadH. fascinatingI. elsewhereJ.As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the41 of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s42 how the brain cancarry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk an we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such asimple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research aroundthe world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognitionto take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physicalfeatures of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us.And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face weare looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly whenreacting to certain situations.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helpedreduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increasedwealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a resultof integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billionpeople, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of fivepercent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientistscall “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can onlyhear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music topieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music setthem apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact,most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or ashopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stayaway from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation.“I used to hate parties,”　says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discoveredthat she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how toidentify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who candefective hearing. Amusics can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involveunderstand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinaryspeech. Scientist s compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaretfelt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is aname for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me t I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say tha seventeen and not seventy.”　65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing ” is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics ’ strange behaviours.B. Some people ’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics. B69. According to Warranty Limitations , a product can be under warranty if __________. A. shipped from a Canadian factoryB. rented for home useC. repaired by the user himselfD. used in the U.S.A. 70. According to Owner ’s Responsibilities , an owner has to pay for __________.A. the loss of the sales receiptB. a servicer ’s ov ertime work Home Laundry Automatic Dryer ProductFull Two Year Warranty (保修)Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet (机箱)Warranty Provides for ：FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet whichproves faulty due to rust (生锈)。

【高考试卷】2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷)及答案》

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business.B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit.B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speeding Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.C. Lynn’s great performance at work.D. Lynn’s efficiency in conducting programs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Economic questions. B. Routine questions.C. Academic questions.D. Challenging questions.15. A. Work experience. B. Educational qualifications.C. Problem-solving abilities.D. Information-gathering abilities.16. A. Features of different types of interview. B. Skills in asking interview questions.C. Changes in three interview models.D. Suggestions for different job interviews. Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Latest Conference InformationDate: 8th 17Place: Palace 18 , ShanghaiRegistration fee: $ 19Speaker: Carla Marisco from Milan UniversitySpeech topic: Opportunities and Risks in the 20 MarketBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.An Interview with David, a Skateboarding (滑板运动) LoverII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. — I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of otherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the41 of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of fivepercent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.C. the product installationD. a mechanic’s transportation71. Which of the following is true according to the warranty?A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.CA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robotsinstead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeC. can collect information from many sourcesD. has been put into wide application74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study Section CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.The use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the westernworld. People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. However, there is concern that people are consumingworryingly high doses of these supplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of them. This EU directive should be supported.77.Research suggests that people who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a dayare more likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people’shealth. A spokesman forthe health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source.78. Science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn’t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would help prevent this nightmare of pills replacing food becoming a reality.79. Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in the country. People do not need all these pills.80. Some might argue that the EU directive denies people’s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual’s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.Section DDirections : Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non -fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” overtime. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression(压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except_______________.82. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that _______________.83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?_______________.84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that _______________.第Ⅰ卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。

【全国Ⅲ卷】2019年高考招生全国统一考试理综试题(含答案)

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127 一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．下列有关高尔基体、线粒体和叶绿体的叙述，正确的是A．三者都存在于蓝藻中B．三者都含有DNAC．三者都是ATP合成的场所D．三者的膜结构中都含有蛋白质2．下列与真核生物细胞核有关的叙述，错误的是A．细胞中的染色质存在于细胞核中B．细胞核是遗传信息转录和翻译的场所C．细胞核是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心D．细胞核内遗传物质的合成需要能量3．下列不利于人体散热的是A．骨骼肌不自主战栗B．皮肤血管舒张C．汗腺分泌汗液增加D．用酒精擦拭皮肤4．若将n粒玉米种子置于黑暗中使其萌发，得到n株黄化苗。

那么，与萌发前的这n粒干种子相比，这些黄化苗的有机物总量和呼吸强度表现为A．有机物总量减少，呼吸强度增强B．有机物总量增加，呼吸强度增强C．有机物总量减少，呼吸强度减弱D．有机物总量增加，呼吸强度减弱5．下列关于人体组织液的叙述，错误的是A．血浆中的葡萄糖可以通过组织液进入骨骼肌细胞B．肝细胞呼吸代谢产生的CO2可以进入组织液中C．组织液中的O2可以通过自由扩散进入组织细胞中D．运动时，丙酮酸转化成乳酸的过程发生在组织液中6．假设在特定环境中，某种动物基因型为BB和Bb的受精卵均可发育成个体，基因型为bb的受精卵全部死亡。

现有基因型均为Bb的该动物1 000对（每对含有1个父本和1个母本），在这种环境中，若每对亲本只形成一个受精卵，则理论上该群体的子一代中BB、Bb、bb个体的数目依次为A．250、500、0B．250、500、250C．500、250、0D．750、250、07．化学与生活密切相关。

2019年高考卷物理试题(word版含答案)

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷）物理一、单项选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个．．．．选项符合题意． 1．某理想变压器原、副线圈的匝数之比为1：10，当输入电压增加20 V 时，输出电压（A ）降低2 V （B ）增加2 V （C ）降低200 V （D ）增加200 V2．如图所示，一只气球在风中处于静止状态，风对气球的作用力水平向右．细绳与竖直方向的夹角为α，绳的拉力为T ，则风对气球作用力的大小为（A ）sin Tα （B ）cos T α （C ）T sin α （D ）T cos α3．如图所示的电路中，电阻R =2 Ω．断开S 后，电压表的读数为3 V ；闭合S 后，电压表的读数为2 V ，则电源的阻r 为（A ）1 Ω （B ）2 Ω （C ）3 Ω （D ）4 Ω4．1970年成功发射的“红一号”是我国第一颗人造地球卫星，该卫星至今仍沿椭圆轨道绕地球运动．如图所示，设卫星在近地点、远地点的速度分别为v 1、v 2，近地点到地心的距离为r ，地球质量为M ，引力常量为G ．则（A ）121,GM v v v r >= （B ）121,GM v v v r >>（C ）121,GM v v v r <=（D ）121,GM v v v r <> 5．一匀强电场的方向竖直向上，t =0时刻，一带电粒子以一定初速度水平射入该电场，电场力对粒子做功的功率为P ，不计粒子重力，则P -t 关系图象是二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题4分，共计16分．每小题有多个选项符合题意．全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分．错选或不答的得0分．6．如图所示，摩天轮悬挂的座舱在竖直平面做匀速圆周运动．座舱的质量为m ，运动半径为R ，角速度大小为ω，重力加速度为g ，则座舱（A ）运动周期为2πRω（B ）线速度的大小为ωR（C ）受摩天轮作用力的大小始终为mg（D ）所受合力的大小始终为m ω2R7．如图所示，在光滑的水平桌面上，a 和b 是两条固定的平行长直导线，通过的电流强度相等．矩形线框位于两条导线的正中间，通有顺时针方向的电流，在a 、b 产生的磁场作用下静止．则a 、b 的电流方向可能是（A）均向左（B）均向右（C）a的向左，b的向右（D）a的向右，b的向左8．如图所示，轻质弹簧的左端固定，并处于自然状态．小物块的质量为m，从A点向左沿水平地面运动，压缩弹簧后被弹回，运动到A点恰好静止．物块向左运动的最大距离为s，与地面间的动摩擦因数为μ，重力加速度为g，弹簧未超出弹性限度．在上述过程中（A）弹簧的最大弹力为μmg（B）物块克服摩擦力做的功为2μmgs（C）弹簧的最大弹性势能为μmgs（D）物块在A点的初速度为2gs9．如图所示，ABC为等边三角形，电荷量为+q的点电荷固定在A点．先将一电荷量也为+q 的点电荷Q1从无穷远处（电势为0）移到C点，此过程中，电场力做功为-W．再将Q1从C 点沿CB移到B点并固定．最后将一电荷量为-2q的点电荷Q2从无穷远处移到C点．下列说确的有（A）Q1移入之前，C点的电势为W q（B）Q1从C点移到B点的过程中，所受电场力做的功为0（C）Q2从无穷远处移到C点的过程中，所受电场力做的功为2W （D）Q2在移到C点后的电势能为-4W三、简答题：本题分必做题（第10~12题）和选做题（第13题）两部分，共计42分．请将解答填写在答题卡相应的位置．【必做题】10．（8分）某兴趣小组用如题10-1图所示的装置验证动能定理．（1）有两种工作频率均为50 Hz 的打点计时器供实验选用：A ．电磁打点计时器B ．电火花打点计时器为使纸带在运动时受到的阻力较小，应选择（选填“A ”或“B ”）．（题10-1图）（2）保持长木板水平，将纸带固定在小车后端，纸带穿过打点计时器的限位孔．实验中，为消除摩擦力的影响，在砝码盘中慢慢加入沙子，直到小车开始运动．同学甲认为此时摩擦力的影响已得到消除．同学乙认为还应从盘中取出适量沙子，直至轻推小车观察到小车做匀速运动．看确的同学是（选填“甲”或“乙”）．（3）消除摩擦力的影响后，在砝码盘中加入砝码．接通打点计时器电源，松开小车，小车运动．纸带被打出一系列点，其中的一段如题10-2图所示．图中纸带按实际尺寸画出，纸带上A 点的速度v A = m/s ．（题10-2图）（4）测出小车的质量为M ，再测出纸带上起点到A 点的距离为L ．小车动能的变化量可用ΔE k =212A Mv 算出．砝码盘中砝码的质量为m ，重力加速度为g ；实验中，小车的质量应（选填“远大于”“远小于”或“接近”）砝码、砝码盘和沙子的总质量，小车所受合力做的功可用W=mgL 算出．多次测量，若W 与ΔE k 均基本相等则验证了动能定理．11．（10分）某同学测量一段长度已知的电阻丝的电阻率．实验操作如下：（1）螺旋测微器如题11-1图所示．在测量电阻丝直径时，先将电阻丝轻轻地夹在测砧与测微螺杆之间，再旋动（选填“A”“B”或“C”），直到听见“喀喀”的声音，以保证压力适当，同时防止螺旋测微器的损坏．（题11–1图）（2）选择电阻丝的（选填“同一”或“不同”）位置进行多次测量，取其平均值作为电阻丝的直径．（3）题11-2甲图中R x，为待测电阻丝．请用笔画线代替导线，将滑动变阻器接入题11-2乙图实物电路中的正确位置．（题11-2甲图）（题11-2乙图）（4）为测量R，利用题11-2甲图所示的电路，调节滑动变阻器测得5组电压U1和电流I1的值，作出的U1–I1关系图象如题11-3图所示．接着，将电压表改接在a、b两端，测得5组电压U2和电流I2的值，数据见下表：U2/V 0.50 1.02 1.54 2.05 2.55 I2/mA 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 请根据表中的数据，在方格纸上作出U2–I2图象．（5）由此，可求得电阻丝的R x = Ω．根据电阻定律可得到电阻丝的电阻率．12．[选修3–5]（12分）（1）质量为M 的小孩站在质量为m 的滑板上，小孩和滑板均处于静止状态，忽略滑板与地面间的摩擦．小孩沿水平方向跃离滑板，离开滑板时的速度大小为v ，此时滑板的速度大小为．（A ）m v M （B ）M v m （C ）m v m M + （D ）Mv m M + （2）100年前，卢瑟福用α粒子轰击氮核打出了质子．后来，人们用α粒子轰击6028Ni 核也打出了质子：460621228291He+Ni Cu+H X →+；该反应中的X 是（选填“电子”“正电子”或“中子”）．此后，对原子核反应的持续研究为核能利用提供了可能．目前人类获得核能的主要方式是（选填“核衰变”“核裂变”或“核聚变”）．（3）在“焊接”视网膜的眼科手术中，所用激光的波长λ=6.4×107 m ，每个激光脉冲的能量E =1.5×10-2 J ．求每个脉冲中的光子数目．（已知普朗克常量h =6.63×l0-34 J ·s ，光速c =3×108 m/s ．计算结果保留一位有效数字）【选做题】13．本题包括A 、B 两小题，请选定其中一小题，并在相应的答题区域作答．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．若多做，则按A 小题评分．A ．[选修3–3]（12分）（1）在没有外界影响的情况下，密闭容器的理想气体静置足够长时间后，该气体．（A ）分子的无规则运动停息下来（B ）每个分子的速度大小均相等（C ）分子的平均动能保持不变（D ）分子的密集程度保持不变（2）由于水的表面力，荷叶上的小水滴总是球形的．在小水滴表面层中，水分子之间的相互作用总体上表现为（选填“引力”或“斥力”）．分子势能E p和分子间距离r的关系图象如题13A-1图所示，能总体上反映小水滴表面层中水分子E p的是图中（选填“A”“B”或“C”）的位置．（3）如题13A-2图所示，一定质量理想气体经历A→B的等压过程，B→C的绝热过程（气体与外界无热量交换），其中B→C过程中能减少900 J．求A→B→C过程中气体对外界做的总功．B．[选修3–4]（12分）（1）一单摆做简谐运动，在偏角增大的过程中，摆球的．（A）位移增大（B）速度增大（C）回复力增大（D）机械能增大（2）将两支铅笔并排放在一起，中间留一条狭缝，通过这条狭缝去看与其平行的日光灯，能观察到彩色条纹，这是由于光的（选填“折射”“干涉”或“衍射”）．当缝的宽度（选填“远大于”或“接近”）光波的波长时，这种现象十分明显．（3）如图所示，某L形透明材料的折射率n=2．现沿AB方向切去一角，AB与水平方向的夹角为θ．为使水平方向的光线射到AB面时不会射入空气，求θ的最大值．四、计算题：本题共3小题，共计47分．解答时请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤．只写出最后答案的不能得分．有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位．14．（15分）如图所示，匀强磁场中有一个用软导线制成的单匝闭合线圈，线圈平面与磁场垂直．已知线圈的面积S=0.3 m2、电阻R=0.6 Ω，磁场的磁感应强度B=0.2 T.现同时向两侧拉动线圈，线圈的两边在Δt=0.5s时间合到一起．求线圈在上述过程中（1）感应电动势的平均值E；（2）感应电流的平均值I，并在图中标出电流方向；（3）通过导线横截面的电荷量q．15．（16分）如图所示，质量相等的物块A和B叠放在水平地面上，左边缘对齐．A 与B、B与地面间的动摩擦因数均为μ。

2019年全国卷1(物理)含答案

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合·物理（全国Ⅰ卷）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n=1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为 A ．1.6×102 kg B ．1.6×103 kg C ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg17．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．018．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题-含答案

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第Ⅰ卷 (选择题）第一部分：听力理解(共两节。

满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt ?A.＄19.15.B.＄9.18C.＄9.15答案是C.1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A skirt.B. A dress.C. A jacket.2. What does the woman probably think of the new neighbor?A. He’s forgetful.B. He’s funny.C. H e’s unfriendly.3. What time is it in New York?A. 5 pm.B. 7 pm.C. 10 pm.4. Where does the woman suggest meeting?A. At the bus stop.B. At the stadium.C. At the cafe.5. What will the woman do next?A. Go to her office.B. Visit a library.C. Make a phone call.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

新高考(精校版)2019年上海卷高考试题文档版(附答案)

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学一、填空题（本大题共12题，满分54分，第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分） 1．（4分）已知集合{1A =，2，3，4，5}，{3B =，5，6}，则AB = ．2．（4分）计算22231lim 41n n n n n →∞-+=-+ ．3．（4分）不等式|1|5x +<的解集为． 4．（4分）函数2()(0)f x x x =>的反函数为．5．（4分）设i 为虚数单位，365z i i -=+，则||z 的值为 . 6．（4分）已知22214x y x a y a +=-⎧⎨+=⎩，当方程有无穷多解时，a 的值为． 7．（5分）在6()x x的展开式中，常数项等于．8．（5分）在ABC ∆中，3AC =，3sin 2sin A B =，且1cos 4C =，则AB = ． 9．（5分）首届中国国际进口博览会在上海举行，某高校拟派4人参加连续5天的志愿者活动，其中甲连续参加2天，其他人各参加1天，则不同的安排方法有种（结果用数值表示） 10．（5分）如图，已知正方形OABC ，其中(1)OA a a =>，函数23y x =交BC 于点P ，函数12y x -=交AB 于点Q ，当||||AQ CP +最小时，则a 的值为．11．（5分）在椭圆22142x y +=上任意一点P ，Q 与P 关于x 轴对称，若有121F P F P …，则1F P 与2F Q 的夹角范围为．12．（5分）已知集合[A t =，1][4t t ++，9]t +，0A ∉，存在正数λ，使得对任意a A ∈，都有A aλ∈，则t 的值是．二、选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）下列函数中，值域为[0，)+∞的是（）A ．2xy = B ．12y x = C ．tan y x = D ．cos y x = 14．（5分）已知a 、b R ∈，则“22a b >”是“||||a b >”的（） A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件 C ．充要条件 D ．既非充分又非必要条件15．（5分）已知平面α、β、γ两两垂直，直线a 、b 、c 满足：a α⊆，b β⊆，c γ⊆，则直线a 、b 、c 不可能满足以下哪种关系（）A ．两两垂直B ．两两平行C ．两两相交D ．两两异面16．（5分）以1(a ，0)，2(a ，0)为圆心的两圆均过(1,0)，与y 轴正半轴分别交于1(y ，0)，2(y ，0)，且满足120lny lny +=，则点1211(,)a a 的轨迹是（） A ．直线 B ．圆 C ．椭圆 D ．双曲线三、解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18＝76分）17．（14分）如图，在正三棱锥P ABC -中，2,3PA PB PC AB BC AC ======．（1）若PB 的中点为M ，BC 的中点为N ，求AC 与MN 的夹角；（2）求P ABC -的体积．18．（14分）已知数列{}n a ，13a =，前n 项和为n S ．（1）若{}n a 为等差数列，且415a =，求n S ；（2）若{}n a 为等比数列，且lim 12n n S →∞<，求公比q 的取值范围．19．（14分）改革开放40年，我国卫生事业取得巨大成就，卫生总费用增长了数十倍．卫生总费用包括个人现在支出、社会支出、政府支出，如表为2012年2015-年我国卫生货用中个人现金支出、社会支出和政府支出的费用（单位：亿元）和在卫生总费用中的占比．（1）指出2012年到2015年之间我国卫生总费用中个人现金支出占比和社会支出占比的变化趋势：（2）设1t =表示1978年，第n 年卫生总费用与年份t 之间拟合函数 6.44200.1136357876.6053()1tf t e -=+研究函数()f t 的单调性，并预测我国卫生总费用首次超过12万亿的年份．20．（16分）已知抛物线方程24y x =，F 为焦点，P 为抛物线准线上一点，Q 为线段PF 与抛物线的交点，定义：||()||PF d P FQ =．（1）当8(1,)3P --时，求()d P ；（2）证明：存在常数a ，使得2()||d P PF a =+；（3）1P ，2P ，3P 为抛物线准线上三点，且1223||||PP P P =，判断13()()d P d P +与22()d P 的关系． 21．（18分）已知等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，数列{}n b 满足s i n ()n n b a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b n N ==∈．（1）若120,3a d π==，求集合S ；（2）若12a π=，求d 使得集合S 恰好有两个元素；（3）若集合S 恰好有三个元素：n T n b b +=，T 是不超过7的正整数，求T 的所有可能的值．2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学答案一、填空题（本大题共12题，满分54分，第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分） 1．【解答】解：集合{1A =，2，3，4，5}，{3B =，5，6}，{3A B ∴=，5}．故答案为：{3，5}．2．【解答】解：2222312231lim lim 241411n n n n n n n n n n→∞→∞-+-+==-+-+．故答案为：2． 3．【解答】解：由|1|5x +<得515x -<+<，即64x -<<，故答案为：{6-，4)． 4．【解答】解：由2(0)y x x =>解得x =，1()0)f x x -∴=>，故答案为1f -()0)x x =>.5．【解答】解：由365z i i -=+，得366z i =+，即22z i =+，||||z z ∴===6．【解答】解：由题意，可知：方程有无穷多解，∴可对①2⨯，得：442x y +=-．再与②式比较，可得：2a =-．故答案为：2-． 7．【解答】解：6(x x+展开式的通项为36216r rr T C x-+=令3902r -=得2r =，故展开式的常数项为第3项：2615C =．故答案为：15．8．【解答】解：3sin 2sin A B =，∴由正弦定理可得：32BC AC =，∴由3AC =，可得：2BC =，1cos 4C =，∴由余弦定理可得：2221324232AB +--=⨯⨯，∴解得：10AB =10 9．【解答】解：在五天里，连续的2天，一共有4种，剩下的3人排列，故有33424A =种，故答案为：24．10．【解答】解：由题意得：P 点坐标为(3a ，)a ，Q 点坐标为1()a a ，11||||233a AQ CP a+=…3a =311．【解答】解：设(,)P x y ，则Q 点(,)x y -，椭圆22142x y +=的焦点坐标为(2-，0)，(20)，121F P F P …，2221x y ∴-+…，结合22142x y +=，可得：2[1y ∈，2]，故1F P 与2F Q 的夹角θ满足：2221222222212238cos 3[122(2)8F P F Qy y y F P F Q x y x θ-====-+∈-++++-，1]3-，故1[arccos 3θπ∈-，]π，故答案为：1[arccos 3π-，]π.12．【解答】解：当0t >时，当[a t ∈，1]t +时，则[4t aλ∈+，9]t +，当[4a t ∈+，9]t +时，则[t aλ∈，1]t +，即当a t =时，9t a λ+…；当9a t =+时，t a λ…，即(9)t t λ=+；当1a t =+时，4t a λ+…，当4a t =+时，1t a λ+…，即(1)(4)t t λ=++，(9)(1)(4)t t t t ∴+=++，解得1t =．当104t t +<<+时，当[a t ∈，1]t +时，则[t aλ∈，1]t +．当[4a t ∈+，9]t +，则[4t aλ∈+，9]t +，即当a t =时，1t aλ+…，当1a t =+时，t a λ…，即(1)t t λ=+，即当4a t =+时，9t a λ+…，当9a t =+时，4t a λ+…，即(4)(9)t t λ=++，(1)(4)(9)t t t t ∴+=++，解得3t =-．当90t +<时，同理可得无解．综上，t 的值为1或3-．故答案为：1或3-．二、选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分） 13．【解答】解：A ，2x y =的值域为(0,)+∞，故A 错，B ，y x =的定义域为[0，)+∞，值域也是[0，)+∞，故B 正确，C ，tan y x =的值域为(,)-∞+∞，故C 错，D ，cos y x =的值域为[1-，1]+，故D 错．故选：B ． 14．【解答】解：22a b >等价，22||||a b >，得“||||a b >”，∴ “22a b >”是“||||a b >”的充要条件，故选：C ．15．【解答】解：如图1，可得a 、b 、c 可能两两垂直；如图2，可得a 、b 、c 可能两两相交；如图3，可得a 、b 、c 可能两两异面；故选：B ．16．【解答】解：因为221111|1|r a a y =-=+21112y a =-，同理可得22212y a =-，又因为120lny lny +=，所以121y y =，则12(12)(12)1a a --=，即12122a a a a =+，则12112a a +=，设1211x a y a ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩，则2x y +=为直线，故选：A ．三、解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18＝76分）17．【解答】解：（1）M ，N 分别为PB ，BC 的中点，//MN PC ∴，则PCA ∠为AC 与MN 所成角，在PAC ∆中，由2PA PC ==，3AC ，可得2223cos 2223PC AC PA PCA PC AC +-∠==⨯⨯，AC ∴与MN 的夹角为3；（2）过P 作底面垂线，垂直为O ，则O 为底面三角形的中心，连接AO 并延长，交BC 于N ，则32AN =，213AO AN ==．22213PO ∴=- ∴1133333224P ABC V -=⨯．18．【解答】解：（1）4133315a a d d =+=+=，4d ∴=，2(1)3422n n n S n n n -∴=+⨯=+；（2）3(1)1n n q S q-=-，lim n n S →∞存在，11q ∴-<<，∴lim n n S →∞存在，11q ∴-<<且0q ≠，∴3(1)3lim lim 11n n n n q S q q→∞→∞-==--，∴3121q <-，34q ∴<，10q ∴-<<或304q <<， ∴公比q 的取值范围为(1-，0)(0⋃，3)4．19．【解答】解：（1）由表格数据可知个人现金支出占比逐渐减少，社会支出占比逐渐增多．（2） 6.44200.1136t y e -=是减函数，且 6.44200.11360t y e -=>， 6.44200.1136357876.6053()1tf t e -∴=+在N 上单调递增，令6.44200.1136357876.60531200001te ->+，解得50.68t >，∴当51t …时，我国卫生总费用超过12万亿，∴预测我国到2028年我国卫生总费用首次超过12万亿．20．【解答】解：（1）抛物线方程24y x =的焦点(1,0)F ，8(1,)3P --，84323PFk ==，PF 的方程为4(1)3y x =-，代入抛物线的方程，解得14Q x =，抛物线的准线方程为1x =-，可得26410||293PF =+=， 15||144QF =+=，||8()||3PF d P QF ==；（2）证明：当(1,0)P -时，2()||2222a d P PF =-=⨯-=，设(1,)P P y -，0P y >，:1PF x my =+，则2P my =-，联立1x my =+和24y x =，可得2440y my --=，2241616221Q m m y m m ++==++ 222212()||212(221)P P Q y m d P PF m y m m m +-=+=++ 2212122m m m +-+=-=，则存在常数a ，使得2()||d P PF a =+；（3）设11(1,)P y -，22(1,)P y -，33(1,)P y -，则2221321321322[()()]4()||||2||4424d P d p d P PF P F P F y y y +-=+-+++22222133131342()444()162y y yy y y y +++++++ 由221313[()16]28y y y y -++=-，2222221313131313(4)(4(4)4()84()0y y y y y y y y y y ++-+=+-=->，则132()()2()d P d P d P +>． 21．【解答】解：（1）等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，数列{}n b 满足s i n ()n n b a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b n N ==∈．∴当120,3a d π==，集合{S =，0．（2）12a π=，数列{}n b 满足sin()n n b a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b n N ==∈恰好有两个元素，如图：根据三角函数线，①等差数列{}n a 的终边落在y 轴的正负半轴上时，集合S 恰好有两个元素，此时d π=.②1a 终边落在OA 上，要使得集合S 恰好有两个元素，可以使2a ，3a 的终边关于y 轴对称，如图OB ，OC ，此时23d π=. 综上，23d π=或者d π=．（3）①当3T =时，3n n b b +=，集合1{S b =，2b ，3}b ，符合题意．②当4T =时，4n n b b +=，sin(4)sin n n a d a +=，42n n a d a k π+=+，或者42n n a d k a π+=-，等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，故42n n a d a k π+=+，2k d π=，又1k ∴=，2 当1k =时满足条件，此时{S =-，1，1}-．③当5T =时，5n n b b +=，sin(5)sin n n a d a +=，52n n a d a k π+=+，或者52n n a d k a π+=-，因为(0d ∈，]π，故1k =，2．当1k =时，{sin10S π=，1，sin}10π-满足题意． ④当6T =时，6n n b b +=，sin(6)sin n n a d a +=，所以62n n a d a k π+=+或者62n n a d k a π+=-，(0d ∈，]π，故1k =，2，3．当1k =时，33{}S =，满足题意． ⑤当7T =时，7n n b b +=，sin(7)sin sin n n n a d a a +==，所以72n n a d a k π+=+，或者72n n a d k a π+=-，(0d ∈，]π，故1k =，2，3当1k =时，因为17~b b 对应着3个正弦值，故必有一个正弦值对应着3个点，必然有2m n a a π-=，227d m n ππ==-，7m n -=，7m >，不符合条件．当2k =时，因为17~b b 对应着3个正弦值，故必有一个正弦值对应着3个点，必然有2m n a a π-=，247d m n ππ==-，m n -不是整数，不符合条件．当3k =时，因为17~b b 对应着3个正弦值，故必有一个正弦值对应着3个点，必然有2m n a a π-=或者4π，267d m n ππ==-，或者467d m n ππ==-，此时，m n -均不是整数，不符合题意．综上，3T =，4，5，6．。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试七选五答案

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。

人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园"，治疗病人了。

【36题详解】根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。

故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air” 和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。

【37题详解】根据下一句中提到的“If the air you,re breathing is clean...the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。

下文中“...breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。

根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。

【38题详解】根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。

选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。

these places 就是指Healing Gardens。

【39题详解】前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用:绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。

2019年高考全国卷Ⅰ理综物理试题(含解析)

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（物理部分）二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能景在1.63 eV~3.10 eV 的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n =1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A ．12.09 eVB ．10.20 eVC ．1.89 eVD ．1.5l eV【答案】A 【解析】【详解】由题意可知，基态（n=1）氢原子被激发后，至少被激发到n=3能级后，跃迁才可能产生能量在1.63eV~3.10eV 的可见光。

故 1.51(13.60)eV 12.09eV E ∆=---=。

故本题选A 。

15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强磁场，两个带电小球P 和Q 用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷【答案】D 【解析】【详解】AB 、受力分析可知，P 和Q 两小球，不能带同种电荷，AB 错误；CD 、若P 球带负电，Q 球带正电，如下图所示，恰能满足题意，则C 错误D 正确，故本题选D 。

16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×108 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为 A ．1.6×102 kgB ．1.6×103 kgC ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg【答案】B 【解析】【详解】设该发动机在t s 时间内，喷射出的气体质量为m ，根据动量定理，Ft mv =，可知，在1s 内喷射出的气体质量630 4.810 1.6103000m F m kg kg t v ⨯====⨯，故本题选B 。

2019年高考真题全国3卷物理(附答案解析)

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试物理试题卷一、单选题1．楞次定律是下列哪个定律在电磁感应现象中的具体体现？ A ．电阻定律 B ．库仑定律 C ．欧姆定律D ．能量守恒定律2．金星、地球和火星绕太阳的公转均可视为匀速圆周运动，它们的向心加速度大小分别为a 金、a 地、a 火，它们沿轨道运行的速率分别为v 金、v 地、v 火．已知它们的轨道半径R 金<R 地<R 火，由此可以判定 A ．a 金>a 地>a 火 B ．a 火>a 地>a 金 C ．v 地>v 火>v 金D ．v 火>v 地>v 金3．用卡车运输质量为m 的匀质圆筒状工件，为使工件保持固定，将其置于两光滑斜面之间，如图所示。

两斜面I 、Ⅱ固定在车上，倾角分别为30°和60°。

重力加速度为g 。

当卡车沿平直公路匀速行驶时，圆筒对斜面I 、Ⅱ压力的大小分别为F 1、F 2，则A ．12F F ，B ．12F F ，C ．121=2F mg F ，D ．121=2F F mg ， 4．从地面竖直向上抛出一物体，物体在运动过程中除受到重力外，还受到一大小不变、方向始终与运动方向相反的外力作用．距地面高度h 在3m 以内时，物体上升、下落过程中动能E k 随h 的变化如图所示．重力加速度取10m/s 2．该物体的质量为A ．2kgB ．1.5kgC ．1kgD ．0.5kg5．如图，在坐标系的第一和第二象限内存在磁感应强度大小分别为12B和B、方向均垂直于纸面向外的匀强磁场。

一质量为m、电荷量为q（q>0）的粒子垂直于x轴射入第二象限，随后垂直于y轴进入第一象限，最后经过x轴离开第一象限。

粒子在磁场中运动的时间为A．5π6mqBB．7π6mqBC．11π6mqBD．13π6mqB二、多选题6．如图，方向竖直向下的匀强磁场中有两根位于同一水平面内的足够长的平行金属导轨，两相同的光滑导体棒ab、cd静止在导轨上．t=0时，棒ab以初速度v0向右滑动．运动过程中，ab、cd始终与导轨垂直并接触良好，两者速度分别用v1、v2表示，回路中的电流用I表示．下列图像中可能正确的是A．B．C．D．7．如图（a），物块和木板叠放在实验台上，物块用一不可伸长的细绳与固定在实验台上的力传感器相连，细绳水平．t=0时，木板开始受到水平外力F的作用，在t=4s时撤去外力．细绳对物块的拉力f随时间t变化的关系如图（b）所示，木板的速度v与时间t的关系如图（c）所示．木板与实验台之间的摩擦可以忽略．重力加速度取g=10m/s2．由题给数据可以得出A．木板的质量为1kgB．2s~4s内，力F的大小为0.4ND．物块与木板之间的动摩擦因数为0.28．如图，电荷量分别为q和–q（q>0）的点电荷固定在正方体的两个顶点上，a、b是正方体的另外两个顶点．则A．a点和b点的电势相等B．a点和b点的电场强度大小相等C．a点和b点的电场强度方向相同D．将负电荷从a点移到b点，电势能增加9．水槽中，与水面接触的两根相同细杆固定在同一个振动片上．振动片做简谐振动时，两根细杆周期性触动水面形成两个波源．两波源发出的波在水面上相遇．在重叠区域发生干涉并形成了干涉图样．关于两列波重叠区域内水面上振动的质点，下列说法正确的是________．A．不同质点的振幅都相同B．不同质点振动的频率都相同C．不同质点振动的相位都相同D．不同质点振动的周期都与振动片的周期相同E.同一质点处，两列波的相位差不随时间变化三、实验题10．甲乙两位同学设计了利用数码相机的连拍功能测重力加速度的实验．实验中，甲同学负责释放金属小球，乙同学负责在小球自由下落的时候拍照．已知相机每间隔0.1s 拍1幅照片．（1）若要从拍得的照片中获取必要的信息，在此实验中还必须使用的器材是_______．（填正确答案标号）A．米尺B．秒表C．光电门D．天平（2）简述你选择的器材在本实验中的使用方法．答：________________________________________________（3）实验中两同学由连续3幅照片上小球的位置a、b和c得到ab=24.5cm、ac=58.7cm，11．某同学欲将内阻为98.5Ω、量程为100uA的电流表改装成欧姆表并进行刻度和校准，要求改装后欧姆表的15kΩ刻度正好对应电流表表盘的50uA刻度。

(全国ⅰ卷)2019年高等学校招生全国统一考试理综试题(高考试题)(有答案)【精品版】

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe56 I 127一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．细胞凋亡是细胞死亡的一种类型。

下列关于人体中细胞凋亡的叙述，正确的是A．胎儿手的发育过程中不会发生细胞凋亡B．小肠上皮细胞的自然更新过程中存在细胞凋亡现象C．清除被病原体感染细胞的过程中不存在细胞凋亡现象D．细胞凋亡是基因决定的细胞死亡过程，属于细胞坏死2．用体外实验的方法可合成多肽链。

已知苯丙氨酸的密码子是UUU，若要在体外合成同位素标记的多肽链，所需的材料组合是①同位素标记的tRNA②蛋白质合成所需的酶③同位素标记的苯丙氨酸④人工合成的多聚尿嘧啶核苷酸⑤除去了DNA和mRNA的细胞裂解液A．①②④B．②③④C．③④⑤D．①③⑤3．将一株质量为20 g的黄瓜幼苗栽种在光照等适宜的环境中，一段时间后植株达到40 g，其增加的质量来自于A．水、矿质元素和空气B．光、矿质元素和水C．水、矿质元素和土壤D．光、矿质元素和空气4．动物受到惊吓刺激时，兴奋经过反射弧中的传出神经作用于肾上腺髓质，使其分泌肾上腺素；兴奋还通过传出神经作用于心脏。

下列相关叙述错误的是A．兴奋是以电信号的形式在神经纤维上传导的B．惊吓刺激可以作用于视觉、听觉或触觉感受器C．神经系统可直接调节、也可通过内分泌活动间接调节心脏活动D．肾上腺素分泌增加会使动物警觉性提高、呼吸频率减慢、心率减慢5．某种二倍体高等植物的性别决定类型为XY型。

2019年全国高考理科数学试题分类汇编4：数列

一、选择题1 ．（2019年高考上海卷（理））在数列{}n a 中,21nn a =-,若一个7行12列的矩阵的第i 行第j 列的元素,i j i j i j a a a a a =⋅++,(1,2,,7;1,2,,12i j ==L L )则该矩阵元素能取到的不同数值的个数为( )(A)18 (B)28(C)48(D)63【答案】A.2 ．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试大纲版数学（理）WORD 版含答案（已校对））已知数列{}n a 满足12430,3n n a a a ++==-,则{}n a 的前10项和等于(A)()10613--- (B)()101139-- (C)()10313-- (D)()1031+3-【答案】C3 ．（2019年高考新课标1（理））设n n n A B C ∆的三边长分别为,,n n n a b c ,n n n A B C ∆的面积为n S ,1,2,3,n =L ,若11111,2b c b c a >+=,111,,22n n nnn n n n c a b a a a b c +++++===,则( ) A.{S n }为递减数列 B.{S n }为递增数列C.{S 2n -1}为递增数列,{S 2n }为递减数列D.{S 2n -1}为递减数列,{S 2n }为递增数列【答案】B4 ．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试安徽数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））函数=()y f x 的图像如图所示,在区间[],a b 上可找到(2)n n ≥个不同的数12,...,,n x x x 使得1212()()()==,n nf x f x f x x x x 则n 的取值范围是(A){}3,4 (B){}2,3,4 (C) {}3,4,5 (D){}2,3【答案】B5 ．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试福建数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））已知等比数列{}n a 的公比为q,记(1)1(1)2(1)...,n m n m n m n m b a a a -+-+-+=+++*(1)1(1)2(1)...(,),n m n m n m n m c a a a m n N -+-+-+=•••∈则以下结论一定正确的是( ) A.数列{}n b 为等差数列,公差为mq B.数列{}n b 为等比数列,公比为2mqC.数列{}n c 为等比数列,公比为2m q D.数列{}n c 为等比数列,公比为mm q【答案】C6 ．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试新课标Ⅱ卷数学（理）（纯WORD 版含答案））等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知12310a a S +=,95=a ,则=1a(A)31 (B)31- (C)91(D)91-【答案】C7 ．（2019年高考新课标1（理））设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为11,2,0,3n m m m S S S S -+=-==,则m =( )【答案】C8 ．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试辽宁数学（理）试题（WORD 版））下面是关于公差0d>的等差数列()n a 的四个命题:{}1:n p a 数列是递增数列；{}2:n p na 数列是递增数列； 3:n a p n ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭数列是递增数列； {}4:3n p a nd +数列是递增数列；其中的真命题为(A)12,p p (B)34,p p (C)23,p p (D)14,p p【答案】D9 ．（2019年高考江西卷（理））等比数列x,3x+3,6x+6,..的第四项等于【答案】A二、填空题10．（2019年高考四川卷（理））在等差数列{}n a 中,218a a -=,且4a 为2a 和3a 的等比中项,求数列{}n a 的首项、公差及前n 项和.【答案】解:设该数列公差为d ,前n 项和为n s .由已知,可得()()()21111228,38a d a d a d a d +=+=++.所以()114,30a d d d a +=-=,解得14,0a d ==,或11,3a d ==,即数列{}n a 的首相为4,公差为0,或首相为1,公差为3.所以数列的前n 项和4n s n =或232n n ns -=11．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试新课标Ⅱ卷数学（理）（纯WORD 版含答案））等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知10150,25S S ==,则n nS 的最小值为________.【答案】49-12．（2019年高考湖北卷（理））古希腊毕达哥拉斯学派的数学家研究过各种多边形数.如三角形数1,3,6,10,,第n 个三角形数为()2111222n n n n +=+.记第n 个k 边形数为(),N n k ()3k ≥,以下列出了部分k 边形数中第n 个数的表达式: 三角形数 ()211,322N n n n =+ 正方形数 ()2,4N n n = 五边形数 ()231,522N n n n =- 六边形数 ()2,62N n n n =-可以推测(),N n k 的表达式,由此计算()10,24N =___________. 选考题【答案】100013．（2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试江苏卷（数学）（已校对纯WORD 版含附加题））在正项等比数列}{n a 中,215=a ,376=+a a ,则满足n n a a a a a a ΛΛ2121>+++的最大正整数n 的值为_____________.【答案】1214．（2019年高考湖南卷（理））设n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,1(1),,2n n n n S a n N *=--∈则 (1)3a =_____; (2)12100S S S ++⋅⋅⋅+=___________.【答案】116-;10011(1)32- 15．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试福建数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））当,1x R x ∈<时,有如下表达式:211.......1n x x x x+++++=- 两边同时积分得:11111222222011.......1ndx xdx x dx x dx dx x+++++=-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰从而得到如下等式:23111111111()()...()...ln 2.2223212n n +⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯+=+ 请根据以下材料所蕴含的数学思想方法,计算:122311111111()()...()_____2223212nn n n n n n C C C C +⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯=+ 【答案】113[()1]12n n +-+16．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试重庆数学（理）试题（含答案））已知{}n a 是等差数列,11a =,公差0d ≠,n S 为其前n 项和,若125,,a a a 成等比数列,则8_____S =【答案】6417．（2019年上海市春季高考数学试卷(含答案)）若等差数列的前6项和为23,前9项和为57,则数列的前n项和n =S __________.【答案】25766n n - 18．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试广东省数学（理）卷（纯WORD 版））在等差数列{}n a 中,已知3810a a +=,则573a a +=_____ 【答案】2019．（2019年高考陕西卷（理））观察下列等式:211=22123-=- 2221263+-=2222124310-+-=-照此规律, 第n 个等式可为___)1(2)1-n 1--32-1121-n 222+=+++n n n （）（Λ____. 【答案】)1(2)1-n 1--32-1121-n 222+=+++n n n （）（Λ 20．（2019年高考新课标1（理））若数列{n a }的前n 项和为S n =2133n a +,则数列{n a }的通项公式是n a =______.【答案】n a =1(2)n --.21．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试安徽数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））如图,互不-相同的点12,,,n A A X K K和12,,,n B B B K K 分别在角O 的两条边上,所有n n A B 相互平行,且所有梯形11n n n n A B B A ++的面积均相等.设.n n OA a =若121,2,a a ==则数列{}n a 的通项公式是_________.【答案】*,23N n n a n∈-= 22．（2019年高考北京卷（理））若等比数列{a n }满足a 2+a 4=20,a 3+a 5=40,则公比q =_______;前n 项和S n =___________.【答案】2,122n +- 23．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试辽宁数学（理）试题（WORD 版））已知等比数列{}n a 是递增数列,n S 是{}n a 的前n 项和,若13a a ，是方程2540x x -+=的两个根,则6S =____________.【答案】63 三、解答题24．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试安徽数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））设函数22222()1(,)23nn n x x x f x x x R n N n=-+++++∈∈K ,证明:(Ⅰ)对每个nn N ∈,存在唯一的2[,1]3n x ∈,满足()0n n f x =;(Ⅱ)对任意np N ∈,由(Ⅰ)中n x 构成的数列{}n x 满足10n n p x x n+<-<.【答案】解: (Ⅰ) 224232224321)(0nx x x x x x f n x y x nn n ++++++-=∴=>ΛΘ是单调递增的时，当是x 的单调递增函数,也是n 的单调递增函数. 011)1(,01)0(=+-≥<-=n n f f 且.010)(],1,0(321>>>≥=∈⇒n n n n x x x x x f x Λ，且满足存在唯一x x x x x x x x x x x x x f x n n n -⋅++-<--⋅++-=++++++-≤∈-1141114122221)(,).1,0(2122242322Λ时当]1,32[0)23)(2(1141)(02∈⇒≤--⇒-⋅++-≤=⇒n n n n n n n n x x x x x x x f综上,对每个nn N ∈,存在唯一的2[,1]3n x ∈,满足()0n n f x =;(证毕)(Ⅱ) 由题知04321)(,012242322=++++++-=>>≥+nxx x x x x f x x nn n n n n n n pn n Λ0)()1(4321)(2212242322=+++++++++++-=+++++++++++p n x n x nx x x x x x f pn pn n pn np n p n p n p n p n p n p n ΛΛ上式相减:22122423222242322)()1(432432p n x n x n x x x x x n x x x x x pn p n n p n n p n p n p n p n p n nnn n n n ++++++++++=++++++++++++++ΛΛΛ）（）（2212244233222)()1(-4-3-2--p n x n x nx x x x x x x x x x pn pn n pn nnn p n np n np n np n p n n +++++++++=+++++++++ΛΛ nx x n p n n p n n 1-111<⇒<+-=+. 法二:25．（2019年高考上海卷（理））(3 分+6分+9分)给定常数0c >,定义函数()2|4|||f x x c x c =++-+,数列123,,,a a a L 满足*1(),n n a f a n N +=∈.(1)若12a c =--,求2a 及3a ;(2)求证:对任意*1,n n n N a a c +∈-≥,;(3)是否存在1a ,使得12,,,n a a a L L 成等差数列?若存在,求出所有这样的1a ,若不存在,说明理由.【答案】:(1)因为0c >,1(2)a c =-+,故2111()2|4|||2a f a a c a c ==++-+=,3122()2|4|||10a f a a c a c c ==++-+=+(2)要证明原命题,只需证明()f x x c ≥+对任意x R ∈都成立,()2|4|||f x x c x c x c x c ≥+⇔++-+≥+即只需证明2|4|||+x c x c x c ++≥++若0x c +≤,显然有2|4|||+=0x c x c x c ++≥++成立;若0x c +>,则2|4|||+4x c x c x c x c x c ++≥++⇔++>+显然成立综上,()f x x c ≥+恒成立,即对任意的*n N ∈,1n n a a c +-≥(3)由(2)知,若{}n a 为等差数列,则公差0d c ≥>,故n 无限增大时,总有0n a > 此时,1()2(4)()8n n n n n a f a a c a c a c +==++-+=++ 即8d c =+故21111()2|4|||8a f a a c a c a c ==++-+=++, 即1112|4|||8a c a c a c ++=++++,当10a c +≥时,等式成立,且2n ≥时,0n a >,此时{}n a 为等差数列,满足题意; 若10a c +<,则11|4|48a c a c ++=⇒=--,此时,230,8,,(2)(8)n a a c a n c ==+=-+L 也满足题意; 综上,满足题意的1a 的取值范围是[,){8}c c -+∞⋃--.26．（2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试江苏卷（数学）（已校对纯WORD 版含附加题））本小题满分10分.设数列{}122,3,3,34444n a L ：，-，-，-，-，-，-，，-1-1-1-1k k k k k 644474448L 个（），，（）,即当1122k k k k n -+<≤（）（）()k N +∈时,11k n a k -=（-）,记12n n S a a a =++L ()n N +∈,对于l N +∈,定义集合{}l P 1n n n S a n N n l +=∈≤≤是的整数倍，，且 (1)求集合11P 中元素的个数; (2)求集合2000P 中元素的个数.【答案】本题主要考察集合.数列的概念与运算.计数原理等基础知识,考察探究能力及运用数学归纳法分析解决问题能力及推理论证能力. (1)解:由数列{}n a 的定义得:11=a ,22-=a ,23-=a ,34=a ,35=a ,36=a ,47-=a ,48-=a ,49-=a ,410-=a ,511=a ∴11=S ,12-=S ,33-=S ,04=S ,35=S ,66=S ,27=S ,28-=S ,69-=S ,1010-=S ,511-=S∴111a S •=,440a S •=,551a S •=,662a S •=,11111a S •-= ∴集合11P 中元素的个数为5(2)证明:用数学归纳法先证)12()12(+-=+i i S i i 事实上,① 当1=i 时,3)12(13)12(-=+•-==+S S i i 故原式成立② 假设当m i =时,等式成立,即)12()12(+•-=+m m S m m 故原式成立则:1+=m i ,时,2222)12(}32)(1(}1)1(2)[1()22()12()12()22()12(+-+++-=+-++==++++++m m m m m m S S S m m m m m m)32)(1()352(2++-=++-=m m m m综合①②得:)12()12(+-=+i i S i i 于是)1)(12()12()12()12(22}12(}12)[1(++=+++-=++=+++i i i i i i S S i i i i由上可知:}12(+i i S 是)12(+i 的倍数而)12,,2,1(12}12)(1(+=+=+++i j i a j i i Λ,所以)12()12()12(++=+++i j S S i i j i i 是)12,,2,1(}12)(1(+=+++i j a j i i Λ的倍数又)12)(1(}12)[1(++=++i i S i i 不是22+i 的倍数, 而)22,,2,1)(22(}12)(1(+=+-=+++i j i a j i i Λ所以)22()1)(12()22()12)(1()12)(1(+-++=+-=+++++i j i i i j S S i i j i i 不是)22,,2,1(}12)(1(+=+++i j a j i i Λ的倍数故当)12(+=i i l 时,集合l P 中元素的个数为2i 1-i 231=+++）（Λ 于是当）（1i 2j 1j )12(+≤≤++=i i l 时,集合l P 中元素的个数为j i 2+ 又471312312000++⨯⨯=）（故集合2000P 中元素的个数为100847312=+27．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试浙江数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））在公差为d 的等差数列}{n a 中,已知101=a ,且3215,22,a a a +成等比数列.(1)求n a d ,; (2)若0<d ,求.||||||||321n a a a a ++++Λ【答案】解:(Ⅰ)由已知得到:22221311(22)54(1)50(2)(11)25(5)a a a a d a d d d +=⇒++=+⇒+=+224112122125253404611n n d d d d d d d a n a n==-⎧⎧⇒++=+⇒--=⇒⎨⎨=+=-⎩⎩或; (Ⅱ)由(1)知,当0d<时,11n a n =-,①当111n ≤≤时,123123(1011)(21)0||||||||22n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a +--≥∴++++=++++==g g g g g g②当12n ≤时,1231231112132123111230||||||||()11(2111)(21)212202()()2222n n n n a a a a a a a a a a a a n n n n a a a a a a a a ≤∴++++=++++-+++---+=++++-++++=⨯-=g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g所以,综上所述:1232(21),(111)2||||||||21220,(12)2n n n n a a a a n n n -⎧≤≤⎪⎪++++=⎨-+⎪≥⎪⎩g g g ;28．（2019年高考湖北卷（理））已知等比数列{}n a 满足:2310a a -=,123125a a a =. (I)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(II)是否存在正整数m ,使得121111ma a a +++≥L ?若存在,求m 的最小值;若不存在,说明理由.【答案】解:(I)由已知条件得:25a =,又2110a q -=,13q ∴=-或,所以数列{}n a 的通项或253n n a -=⨯(II)若1q =-,12111105m a a a +++=-L 或,不存在这样的正整数m ; 若3q =,12111919110310mm a a a ⎡⎤⎛⎫+++=-<⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦L ,不存在这样的正整数m .29．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试山东数学（理）试题（含答案））设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且424S S =,221n n a a =+. (Ⅰ)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(Ⅱ)设数列{}n b 前n 项和为n T ,且 12n n na T λ++=(λ为常数).令2n n cb =*()n N ∈.求数列{}nc 的前n 项和n R .【答案】解:(Ⅰ)设等差数列{}n a 的首项为1a ,公差为d ,由424S S =,221n n a a =+得11114684(21)22(1)1a d a d a n a n d +=+⎧⎨+-=+-+⎩,解得,11a =,2d = 因此21n a n =-*()n N ∈(Ⅱ)由题意知:12n n n T λ-=-所以2n ≥时,112122n n n n n n n b T T ----=-=-+故,1221221(1)()24n n n n n c b n ---===- *()n N ∈所以01231111110()1()2()3()(1)()44444n n R n -=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+-⨯, 则12311111110()1()2()(2)()(1)()444444n nn R n n -=⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+-⨯+-⨯两式相减得1231311111()()()()(1)()444444n nn R n -=+++⋅⋅⋅+--⨯ 11()144(1)()1414n nn -=---整理得1131(4)94n n n R -+=-所以数列数列{}n c 的前n 项和1131(4)94n n n R -+=-30．（2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试江苏卷（数学）（已校对纯WORD 版含附加题））本小题满分16分.设}{n a 是首项为a ,公差为d 的等差数列)0(≠d ,n S 是其前n 项和.记cn nS b n n +=2,*N n ∈,其中c 为实数. (1)若0=c ,且421b b b ，，成等比数列,证明:k nk S n S 2=(*,N n k ∈) (2)若}{n b 是等差数列,证明:0=c .【答案】证明:∵}{n a 是首项为a ,公差为d 的等差数列)0(≠d ,n S 是其前n 项和 ∴d n n na S n 2)1(-+= (1)∵0=c ∴d n a n S b n n 21-+== ∵421b b b ，，成等比数列 ∴4122b b b = ∴)23()21(2d a a d a +=+∴041212=-d ad ∴0)21(21=-d a d ∵0≠d ∴d a 21= ∴a d 2= ∴a n a n n na d n n na S n 222)1(2)1(=-+=-+= ∴左边=a k n a nk S nk 222)(== 右边=a k n S n k 222=∴左边=右边∴原式成立(2)∵}{n b 是等差数列∴设公差为1d ,∴11)1(d n b b n -+=带入cn nS b n n +=2得: 11)1(d n b -+cn nS n +=2 ∴)()21()21(11121131b d c n cd n d a d b n d d -=++--+-对+∈N n 恒成立∴⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧=-==+--=-0)(0021021111111b d c cd d a d b d d 由①式得:d d 211= ∵ 0≠d ∴ 01≠d 由③式得:0=c法二:证:(1)若0=c ,则d n a a n )1(-+=,2]2)1[(a d n n S n +-=,22)1(a d n b n +-=. 当421b b b ，，成等比数列,4122b b b =, 即:⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+2322d a a d a ,得:ad d 22=,又0≠d ,故a d 2=. 由此:a n S n 2=,a k n a nk S nk 222)(==,a k n S n k 222=.故:k nk S n S 2=(*,N n k ∈). (2)cn ad n n c n nS b n n ++-=+=22222)1(, cn a d n c a d n c a d n n ++--+-++-=2222)1(22)1(22)1( c n a d n c a d n ++--+-=222)1(22)1(. (※) 若}{n b 是等差数列,则Bn An b n +=型.观察(※)式后一项,分子幂低于分母幂,故有:022)1(2=++-cn ad n c,即022)1(=+-a d n c ,而22)1(a d n +-≠0, 故0=c . 经检验,当0=c 时}{n b 是等差数列.31．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试大纲版数学（理）WORD 版含答案（已校对））等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知232=S a ,且124,,S S S 成等比数列,求{}n a 的通项式.【答案】32．（2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试天津数学（理）试题（含答案））已知首项为32的等比数列{}n a 不是递减数列, 其前n 项和为(*)n S n ∈N , 且S 3 + a 3, S 5 + a 5, S 4 + a 4成等差数列. (Ⅰ) 求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(Ⅱ) 设*()1n n nT S n S ∈=-N , 求数列{}n T 的最大项的值与最小项的值. 【答案】33．（2019年高考江西卷（理））正项数列{a n }的前项和{a n }满足:222(1)()0n n s n n s n n -+--+= (1)求数列{a n }的通项公式a n ;(2)令221(2)n n b n a +=+,数列{b n }的前n 项和为n T .证明:对于任意的*n N ∈,都有564n T < 【答案】(1)解:由222(1)()0n n S n n S n n -+--+=,得2()(1)0nn S n n S ⎡⎤-++=⎣⎦.由于{}n a 是正项数列,所以20,n n S S n n >=+. 于是112,2a S n ==≥时,221(1)(1)2n n n a S S n n n n n -=-=+----=.综上,数列{}n a 的通项2n a n =.(2)证明:由于2212,(2)n n nn a n b n a +==+. 则222211114(2)16(2)n n b n n n n ⎡⎤+==-⎢⎥++⎣⎦. 222222222111111111111632435(1)(1)(2)n T n n n n ⎡⎤=-+-+-++-+-⎢⎥-++⎣⎦… 222211111151(1)162(1)(2)16264n n ⎡⎤=+--<+=⎢⎥++⎣⎦. 是等比数列.。

2019年全国卷3(物理)含答案

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合·物理（全国Ⅲ卷）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．楞次定律是下列哪个定律在电磁感应现象中的具体体现？A ．电阻定律B ．库仑定律C ．欧姆定律D ．能量守恒定律15．金星、地球和火星绕太阳的公转均可视为匀速圆周运动，它们的向心加速度大小分别为a 金、a 地、a 火，它们沿轨道运行的速率分别为v 金、v 地、v 火。

已知它们的轨道半径R 金<R 地<R 火，由此可以判定 A ．a 金>a 地>a 火B ．a 火>a 地>a 金C ．v 地>v 火>v 金D ．v 火>v 地>v 金16．用卡车运输质量为m 的匀质圆筒状工件，为使工件保持固定，将其置于两光滑斜面之间，如图所示。

两斜面I 、Ⅱ固定在车上，倾角分别为30°和60°。

重力加速度为g 。

当卡车沿平直公路匀速行驶时，圆筒对斜面I 、Ⅱ压力的大小分别为F 1、F 2，则A ．12F F ，B ．12F F ，C ．121=2F mg F ，D ．121=2F F mg ，17．从地面竖直向上抛出一物体，物体在运动过程中除受到重力外，还受到一大小不变、方向始终与运动方向相反的外力作用。

距地面高度h在3 m以内时，物体上升、下落过程中动能E k随h的变化如图所示。