Unit 4 Body language单元语言点

unit 4 Body language单元语言点
目标认知
重点词汇
major，apologize，nor, act，share，represent，approach，reach，likely，general，behave ，though，particular ，defend，means
重点短语
put up，come up，turn one’s back to sb. /sth.，up and down，not all
重点句型
否定词位于句首的倒装
How about...? ＝What about...?
知识讲解
重点词汇
【高清课堂：词汇精讲】
major
重点例句：
I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.
Observe & think
adj.
1) This is a major road.
2) Water plays a major role in our life.
n.
Her major is History.
vi.
She majored in English at Shandong University.
Summarize
1）adj. 主要的，重要的，大的
play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
2）n. 主修课程，专业课
3）v. 主修major in sth. 主修（=specialize in sth. ）
major on sth. 专门研究（课题、文体等）
Practice
1）这是一家大跨国公司。

This is a major international company.
2）Never mind―it’s not major.
别担心―这不严重。

3）他在大学主修法语。

He majored in French when he was at university.
apologize
重点例句：
They both apologized—another cultural mistake!
v. apologize n. apology
apologize to sb. for sth. / doing sth./ having done sth.
make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.
accept / refuse an apology
nor
重点例句：
Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way.
nor / neither
否定副词, 常置于句首, 此时句子要倒装, 即助动词/系动词/情态动词放在主语之前。

I don’t like her, nor/neither does Lily.
I am not a nurse, nor/ neither is Lily.
Practice
She can’t dance. ________ he.
I don’t know about it._______ I care.
If you don’t go, ________ I.我也不去。

act
【原句回放】Choose a phrase and act it out without speaking．选择一个短语。

然后表演出来，不能说话。

(P25)【点拨】act vt. & vi.做某事，采取行动；起作用，发生效用；表演，扮演n.行为，举动The girl’s life was saved because the doctors acted so quickly．
那个女孩的生命由于医生们行动迅速而得以挽救。

The pump isn’t acting well．抽水机不大好用。

Last week，a new play was acted．上周上演了一出新戏。

She’s not really crying；she is only acting to get your sympathy．
她并非真哭，她不过是假哭以取得你们的同情。

the act of thinking思考的行为
【拓展】act out把……表演出来；把……付诸行动
act up捣乱；出毛病
act against违反
act as担任……职务；起……作用
act for代理(某人的职务)；代为(处理某事)
易混辨析
act，action与deed的区别
①act n.动作，行为。

一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为，强调行为的完成及其效果。

It is an act of kindness to help a blind man across the street．
帮助盲人过街是善良的行为。

②action n.行为，行动。

与act同义，多指抽象的、长时间的、反复性的行为，特别强调多种动作才能完成
一件事情。

We must take action at once in order to help her．
为了帮助她，我们必须立刻采取行动。

③deed n.行为，事迹。

指某种具体或抽象的行为，一般指永久性行为及其结果，特别是好的行为和事迹。

Deeds are better than words．行动胜于言辞。

Lei Feng’s deeds will live forever．雷锋的事迹将流芳百世。

share
【原句回放】Share your ideas with your partner．与你的同伴交换一下观点。

(P25)
【点拨】share vt. & vi.分享，分担，共同享有n.一部分，一份，后面常用介词of或in；股权，股份(一般用复数形式)
We share a small room between us．
我们两人合住一个小房间。

May I share your umbrella?我可以合用你的雨伞吗?
They wanted as to share their excitement and happiness．
他们希望我们能和他们一样激动和高兴。

The ownership of the railway is divided into several million shares．这条铁路的所有权被分成几百万股份。

【拓展】
for my share至于我自己
go shares(with...)平分；分享/担；均摊
have/take a/one’s share 分担；参加
represent
【原句回放】Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university’s student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students．昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们学校的学生会到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。

(P26)
【点拨】represent vt.代表；表现；描写；描画；声称
We chose a committee to represent us．
我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。

Paintings representing religious themes were common in medieval times．
表现宗教主题的绘画在中世纪很常见。

This painting represents a storm．
这幅画描绘的是一场暴风雨。

He represented himself as a philosopher．
他声称自己是哲学家。

【拓展】
represent oneself as/to be自称是；声称
represent sth.(to sb.)说明；阐述；表达
He represents himself as an expert in English．
他自称是英语专家。

approach
【原句回放】Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸! (P26)
【点拨】approach vt. & vi.走近；靠近；临近；与……接洽；开始考虑；
着手处理n.走近；靠近；途径；通路
We approached the museum．我们向博物馆走去。

Did he approach you about a loan?
他与你谈了借款的事了吗?
He approached the idea with caution．
他开始认真地考虑那个主意。

The time is approaching when we must be on board．我们上船的时间快到了。

The approach of winter brings cold weather．
冬天到了，天气转冷了。

All approaches were blocked．所有的道路都被堵塞了。

【拓展】at the approach of在……快到的时候
be approaching(to)与……差不多；大致相等
be difficult of approach(指地方)难到达的；(指人)难以接近的
be easy of approach(指地方)容易到达的；(指人)容易接近的
make an approach to对……进行探讨
make approaches to sb.设法接近某人；想博得某人的好感
approach sb. on/about sth.与某人接洽/商量/交涉某事
approach to接近，近似，约等于；(做某事)的方法/途径
reach
【原句回放】As they were introduced，George reached his hand out to the Japanese student．当我为他们作介绍时，乔治把手伸向了这位日本学生。

(P26)
【点拨】reach vt.＆vi.伸手；够得着；进入(某阶段)；(尤指用电话)联系；到达；实现，达到n.(手所及的)范围
They reached London．他们到达了伦敦。

The two sides were unable to reach agreement．
双方未能取得一致意见。

The old man has reached the crisis in his illness．
老人的病情已到了关键阶段。

The snake charmer reached out gingerly to touch the snake in his basket．耍蛇人小心翼翼地伸手去摸他筐里的那条蛇。

I’ve been trying all day to reach him on the telephone，but he’s very elusive．我一整天都在打电话找他，但是找不着。

【拓展】within easy reach of在容易达到……的地方；在……的附近
within sb.’s reach在某人力所能及的范围内；在某人能到达的范围内
reach after 努力谋求；竭力达到
reach back 回忆；回顾
reach for 伸出手去拿
reach out 伸出(手等)；伸手拿
likely
【原句回放】However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them．不过，来自西班牙、意大利或者南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。

(P26)
【点拨】likely adj.可能的；似乎合适的；有指望的
They are likely to become angry with him．
他们可能会对他发怒。

There are several likely candidates for the job．
有好几个比较适合这项工作的人选。

a likely topic for investigation前景可观的调查主题
【拓展】Not likely! (口)决不可能!绝对不会!
易混辨析
possible，probable，likely
(1)意义上的区别：
possible指客观上的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；
probable比possible可能性大，表“很可能、大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理；
likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事。

It is possible，though not probable，that he will come tomorrow．
他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。

The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired．他失败大概是因为太累了。

He is very likely to ring me tonight．
今晚他很可能会给我打电话。

(2)句型上的不同：
①It is possible/probable/likely + that从句
②It is possible(for sb．)to do sth．
③Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth．
general
【原句回放】I have seen，however，that cultural customs for body language are very general—not all members of a culture behave in the same way．然而，我发现体态语言的文化习俗是多元的——同一个(民族)文化中也并非所有成员的行为都一样。

(P26)
【点拨】general adj.普遍的，大体的
What’s the general idea of this text?
这篇课文的大意是什么?
【拓展】general knowledge一般知识
a general idea一般概念；大意
a general secretary总书记
in general一般；大体上
as a general rule一般而言；通常
易混辨析
normal，common，ordinary，general与usual的区别
都可表示“普通的”、“平常的”。

①normal相对于“有问题”、“不正常”而言，意思是“正常的”。

normal room temperature标准室温one’s normal weight正常体重normal diplomatic relations正常外交关系
②common含经常发生、经常遇见的意思，指因许多事情或许多人所共同具备而显得平淡无奇。

The word used in this sense is quite common in our textbook．
这个单词用作这个意思在我们课本中很常见。

③ordinary指事物的性质、标准或人的性格、风度等和普通的物或人没有两样，因而显得平常、随处可见，
多用作定语。

Einstein was an ordinary man with great achievements．
爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的平常人。

④general指较少例外，和common相比意味较强，含“普及、大众化、多数”的意思。

Watching TV has become general．看电视已变得普遍。

⑤usual指由于长时间没有变化而形成的一种习惯和制度，这种习惯可能是好习惯也可能是恶习，但总之是
司空见惯的。

behave
【原句回放】I have seen，however，that cultural customs for body language are very general—not all members of a culture behave in the same way．然而，我发现体态语言的文化习俗是多元的——同一个(民族)文化中也并非所有成员的行为都一样。

(P26)
【点拨】behave vi. & vt.表现；表现得体；有礼貌
He behaved very badly to the customers．
他对客人们很不礼貌。

You should learn to behave．你应该学会举止得体。

She doesn’t know how to behave in public．
她在公共场合举止无措。

【拓展】well-/badly-behaved表现好/差
behave oneself守规矩，表现得体
behavior n.【U】举止，行为，习性
be on one’s good/best behavior举止规矩；行为检点
put sb. on his best behavior
规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩的
though
【原句回放】In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难!(P26)
【点拨】though adv.可是；然而；不过conj.虽然；尽管；即使
Our team lost．It was a good game though．
我们队输了，可是这也失为一场好球。

It’s hard work，I enjoy it，though．
这是艰难的工作，可是我还是喜欢它。

I’ll see you this evening though I can stay only a few minutes．
今晚我会去看你，纵使我只能停留一会儿。

Though it was late，we decided to set out．
虽然天色已晚，我们还是决定动身。

I will try it，though I may fail．
即使我可能会失败，我也要试一下。

He is better，though not yet cured．
他好多了，虽然仍未痊愈。

particular
【原句回放】Guess why he is so particular．猜一下他为什么这么挑剔。

(P27)
【点拨】particular adj.值得注意的；特别的；不寻常的；独特的；单独的；某一种的；难以取悦的；讲究的；
挑剔的
There was nothing in the letter of particular importance．
这封信里没什么特别重要的内容。

The story happened on that particular day．
故事就发生在那一天。

I don’t like this particular scarf，but the others are quite nice．
我不喜欢的就是这一种围巾，不过其他的都很好。

I’m not particular about my clothes；I don’t mind what I wear．
我穿衣服不怎么讲究，我不在乎穿什么。

【拓展】be particular about／over讲究；挑剔
(be) particular to为……所特有
in particular 特别；尤其
defend
【原句回放】action of defending oneself against an enemy’s attack保护自己免受敌人进攻的行为(P28)
【点拨】defend vt.保卫；防护；防守；辩护；辩解；为……当辩护律师；守卫；防御
She had to defend herself against the guard dog．
她不得不防备看门狗咬她。

The accused man had a lawyer to defend him．
被告有一律师为他辩护。

He’s better at defending than attacking．他的防守优于进攻。

【拓展】
defend against保卫；抵抗
defend from保护，保卫(使不受伤害)
易混辨析
protect，defend与guard的区别
①protect指“保护免受外界侵害”。

Today I want to tell you how important to protect trees．
今天我想告诉你们保护树木有多重要。

②defend指用武力或其他措施来保护某人或某物在面临危险时不受损害，受其保护的对象既可以是具体的
(如国土、家园及人员等)，也可以是抽象的(如权利、利益及政治观点等)，该词语义最强。

Their duty is to defend the country against its enemy．
他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人的侵袭。

③guard指格外小心地“防范”或“警戒”实际存在的或可能出现的危险，防止可能发生的攻击或侵害。

We must take measures to guard against accidents．
我们必须采取措施防止发生事故。

In those days the place was heavily guarded．
那个时候这地方有重兵把守。

means
【原句回放】Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication，often even more powerful than spoken language．体态语言是最强有力的交际手段之一，甚至经常比口头语言更有力量。

(P30)
【点拨】means n.手段，方法
There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication．
毫无疑问，收音机和电视是信息交流的重要工具。

The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake by every means at their command．
当地的军人用一切可能的办法帮助地震灾民。

【拓展】
by all means(表示同意)当然可以；没问题；一定；务必
by any means[口]用一切可能的方法或手段
by fair means or foul不择手段地
by means of通过；用；借助于
by no means决不，一点也不
by some means(or other)想个办法；以某种方法
by this means用这种方法
by what means怎样
重点短语
put up
【原句回放】She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence．她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。

(P26)
【点拨】put up举起；搭建；升起(旗帜、帆等)；张贴；推举；提名；供给……住宿；表现出；显示出to put up a tent架起帐篷
Put your hands up!举起手来!
Jasper has put up“No Parking”signs outside his gate，but these have not had any effect．贾斯珀把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但它们没起任何效果。

We can put up ten people for the night at a pinch．
必要时我们可以留宿十个人。

Your last remark has really put his monkey up．
你的最后一句话实在让他大为生气。

易混辨析
build，put up，set up与found的区别
①build一般用于建立房屋、桥梁、道路等，也可用于抽象的事物。

A new road was built near our school．
我们学校附近修了一条新路。

②put up用于盖临时性的房屋。

在现代英语中，put up与build没有多大区别，只是更为通俗一些。

The Arab put up his tent and went to sleep soon．
那个阿拉伯人搭起帐篷，很快就睡着了。

③set up用于表示把某物架起来或立起来，较口语化。

People set up a red flag on the square．
人们在广场上竖起了一面红旗。

④found多指政党、政府的“建立；创立”，指经过一番艰苦的斗争而最终建立。

When was the Communist Party of China founded?
中国共产党是什么时候成立的?
come up
【原句回放】If you meet a foreigner who comes up close to you to talk，what countries might he be from? 如果你遇到一个外国人走近你跟你谈话，他有可能来自哪个国家?(P27)
【点拨】come up发生；出现；被提出；被提及；走过来；到来
But then another question came up．
但是接着又出现了另一个问题。

The question of wage increases will probably come up at the next meeting．
关于增加工资的问题也许会在下次会议上被提出来。

A young man came up and asked me if he could help．
一位年轻人走上前来问我是否需要帮助。

Suddenly a taxi came up and picked him up．
突然一辆出租车开过来把他接走了。

【拓展】
come across邂逅come about发生
come at向……扑来，攻击come from来自
come out出版；开花；结果是come up with想出
come round绕道而来come down落下，塌下
turn one’s back to sb. /sth.
【原句回放】In most places around the world，frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger．在世界上多数地方，皱眉或背对着某人表示生气。

(P30)
【点拨】turn one’s back to sb. /sth.背对某人(或某事物)；背叛(某人)，抛弃(某物)
When on stage，try not to turn your back to the audience．
在舞台上时尽量不要背对观众。

When she didn’t want to listen to me，she turned her back to me．当她不想听我说时，她转身背对着我。

She turned her back to him when he needed her．
他需要她的时候，她背叛了她。

Why did he suddenly turn his back to your agreement?
他为什么突然背弃你们的协议?
【拓展】
turn away把……打发走；解雇
turn down降低，减弱；调低(速度、音量等)；拒绝
turn in交还；上交
turn off关闭，关掉
turn on打开，开启
turn to向……求助；求得安慰
turn up(开大，调大)；出现
Hundreds of people were turned away from the stadium．
体育场满座，数百人被拒之门外。

She turned away in disgust．她感到厌恶而把脸转开。

The poor location of the condominium turned away many prospective buyers．公寓楼偏僻的位置赶跑了许多潜在的买主。

up and down
【原句回放】There are many ways around the world to show agreement，but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide．世界上有很多方式用来表示同意。

但是几乎全世界都用上下点头来表示同意。

(P30)
【点拨】up and down意为“来来往往”，也可译作“上上下下”、“前前后后”、“处处”。

The master was walking up and down the room．
老师在屋里来来回回地走动。

I have looked for the dictionary up and down．
这本词典我到处都找过了。

The float bobbed up and down on the water．
浮萍在水面上一上一下地浮动。

温馨提示
up and down既可以作介词；也可以作副词用。

归纳拓展
here and there到处
sooner or later迟早
back and forth前后
right and left左右
far and near远近
not all
【原句回放】Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or
distance between people．各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离程度也不一样。

(P26)
【点拨】not all
not all或all...not都表示局部否定，意为“并非所有的……都”。

All that glitters is not gold．发光的并非全部都是金子。

They don’t all like reading．他们并非都喜欢读书。

【拓展】若表示部分否定还可用not both，both...not，not every...，every...not表示，意为“并非都”。

若表示全部否定则运用no one，none(对all或every等的全部否定)表示。

None has arrived yet．还没有人来。

None of the students was absent this morning．
今天早上没有学生缺勤。

both是指两者之间，对其进行否定时要用neither。

Neither of the two girls has been to the Great Wall．
这两个女孩都没去过长城。

重点句型
否定词位于句首的倒装
【原句回放】Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people．各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离程度也不一样。

(P26)
【点拨】Nor/Neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语表示“也不”。

当前面的句子用否定，后面的句子表示“也不”时，运用此句型。

nor/neither后面的谓语要依前面的动词决定，即：当前面的谓语只有一个实义动词时，nor/neither后面的动词用do/does/did；如果前面的谓语动词有助动词/情态动词/系动词be，nor/neither后面的动词同样用助动词/情态动词/系动词be。

I haven’t finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。

—Nor have I．我也没有。

I don’t like sports and games，nor does my sister Mary．
我不喜欢体育运动，我妹妹玛丽也不喜欢。

温馨提示
在条件状语从句中，如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时表达将来的动作，nor/neither在主句中如果表达将来的动作要用shall或will。

[误]if you don’t go to Cathy’s birthday party this weekend，nor do I．
[正]If you don’t go to Cathy’s birthday party this weekend，nor shall I．如果这个周末你不去参加凯西的生日聚会，我也不去。

归纳拓展
表达“也是如此”还有以下几种常见句型：
①“so+助动词／情态动词／系动词be+主语”构成的倒装结构，用于肯定句中。

Tom likes sports and games．So does his brother Jim．
汤姆喜欢体育运动，他弟弟吉姆也是如此。

②“So it is with+sb./sth.”或“It is the same with+sb./sth.”的结构。

尤其当前面的句子的谓语动词有多个，并且不同类，或有的用肯定有的用否定时，多用此结构。

Tom studies very hard and is never late for school．So it is the same with Dick．
汤姆学习非常努力，上学从不迟到。

迪克也是如此。

—My brother doesn’t like watching TV but he enjoys playing football．
—So it is with my brother．
——我哥哥不喜欢看电视，但他喜欢踢足球。

——我哥哥也一样。

How about...? ＝What about...?
【原句回放】How about showing that I am bored?如何来表示我很厌烦呢?(P30)
【点拨】How about...? ＝What about...?“……怎么样?”为口语中的常用句型；常用来询问消息、征求同意、提出请示、了解看法；其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

What(How) about the volleyball match?那场排球赛怎么样?
What(How) about helping me take off the damp clothes?
帮我把湿衣服脱掉怎么样?
11。