英语非谓语动词以及练习

Alice is always the first student to come to school. (主谓关系) The teacher gave me some English books to read. (动宾关系) Mr. Brown has a large family to support. (动宾关系)
个别介词例外: 需要注意的是,此句型中but/
except 前必须要有实义动词do时，but / except 后的不定式to才能省略，否则to则不省.我们用一
句话概括就是：
有do无to，有 to无 do．
She has no choice but to wait for the news. There was nothing she could do but cry.
regret to do
继续做另一件事 遗憾地要做某事
regret doing 后悔做了某事 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
注意：这组短语后接不定式时一般表示将
来，此动作还没有发生；而接动名词时， 常表示过去，此动作发生在过去
need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟 v-ing作宾语，主动表被动，相当于to be done.
不定式既可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语. 不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接 接不定式，一般都是:疑问词+不定式作宾语.
I’m worrying about what to do next.
Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
动名词 主语
动词不定 式
分词
宾语
表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式的基本形式
主动语态
一般式 完成式 进行式 to do to have done to be doing
被动语态 to be done
to have been done \ \
完成进行式 to have been doing
分词的基本形式
3) n.做表语．
Eg. It’s a great pleasure to help you.
It’s an honour to be invited to you birthday party. It’s a good idea to do the work in another way. 动名词做主语时，it也可作形式主语．用于这种形 式的是一些特定的adj.和n.，但这类次较少.adj.: enjoyable, good, worthwhile, nice ,worth, useless, 等；n.: no use, no good, fun, a hard/difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等 Eg. It’s worthwhile doing it.
The students are preparing for the examination to take place soon.
分词做定语：
分词前置： 单个的分词做定语
We can see the rising sun. He is a retired worker.
分词后置：分词短语，个别分词如given, left以
1) adj.做表语．常见的adj.有important, difficult, easy, hard, possible, impossible等 Eg. It is impossible to do it well. It’s easy to get the work finished before five.
有些动词后既可接不定式做宾语，也可接动 名词做宾语,两者意义差别不大.这些词有 like, hate, begin, start, love, continue 等． ① 区别： like 和 hate 等． ② start, begin后面，一般接不定式和动名词无
多大区别。但在下列情况下，多用动词不定式： a．自然界变化： It started to rain. Snow started to melt as spring came. b. 心理活动，在understand, know, realize等词前 I began to realize my mistakes. c. begin, start本身为进行时：
It’s no use doing it.
It’s a waste of time trying to persuade him not to smoke.
作宾语
I’m preparing to take the examination next week. When the boy was only four, his father decided to make an artist of him.
２）V.做谓语．常见的v.有take, require, need, cost, amuse, delight, irritate(激怒), annoy(打扰，扰乱)
Eg. It took us three hours to finish the work. It requires another three persons to do the work.
动名词作宾语
allow, mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, doubt, escape, consider, admit(承 认)，advise, appreciate=enjoy（欣 赏）, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, delay（延迟）, imagine, include, keep, quit（离开）, resist(抵抗), risk（冒险）, understand, be used to, look forward to（期望）, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介词后接动名词doing
the boiling water
the boiled water the surprised people the surprising news a swimming pool
a reading room
the changing world the changed world
作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词 或代词往往存在着两种逻辑关系， 即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式 的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语．
attempt, afford, agree, aim, arrange, beg, care choose, decide, demand, determine, enable, expect, hope , intend , long, learn , manage, offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise , refuse seek, wish, want , etc.
动词+疑问词+不定式
I don’t know what to do next.
We haven’t decide where to spend our holiday.
这类词有: advise, decide, discuss , explain, know, learn , show, tell, teach, understand
及修饰不定代词something等时要后 置．
There was a girl sitting there.
This is the question given.
There is nothing interesting.
动名词与分词做定语的区别： a sleeping baby a sleeping car
当名词被the first ,the last以及the only 等序数词 以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语，而 不管动作是否已完成．
He is the only person to know the truth.
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
I have nothing to do but wait. Do you have anything to say? 不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot, anything 等习惯上用不定 式做宾语． 以“即将发生的动作”修饰事物时，可 用不定式做定语． He will write more books in the years to come.
forget to do 忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记做过了某事 remember to do 记得要做某事
remember doing 记得做过了某事 stop to do 停下（某事）去做某事 stop doing 把某事停下来
go on doing 继续做同一件事
go on to do
在某些形容词如clever, good ,nice, kind ,foolish, careless, right, wrong, rude, impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加of短语,这 是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。
动词不定式（短语）做主语时，可用it做形 式主语，通常是一些特定的形容词，动词 和名词．
It is useful for you to learn some spoken English.
It is very kind of you to come here. It is foolish of him to do such a thing. It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.