U8定语从句2022-2023学年牛津译林版九年级英语上册

9AU8语法定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
1.定语
用来修饰名词或代词的词。

由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、介词短语或从句等来担任。

单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。

A shot thin man useful information
2.定语从句
在主从复合句中做定语的从句，即修饰名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

A detective is someone who looks for clues to something important.
注意：第一定语从句结构完整，定语从句的基本句型结构与简单句的五种基本句型结构一致。

第二定语从句的翻译。

翻译成...的
第三去掉定语从句之后，主句结构完整。

因为定语不是五种基本句型的成分，所以不影响句子的结构。

第四限制性定语从句有意义，将定语从句从主从复合句中剥离，原句剩下部分可能没有什么意义。

二、定语从句的分类
知识点1：that、which和who引导定语从句
The victim’s parents have offered a reward of 50,000 for any information that leads to the arrest of the murderer.
We are now checking the scene for more clues which will help solve the case.
We are asking anyone who saw anything unusual near Corn Street last night to contact us.
知识点2：where、why、when引导的定语从句
A book office is a place where tickets are sold.
I still remember the year when we studied together.
Do you know the reason why I left early?
三、定语从句的结构
1.先行词——是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名词或代词。

2.关系词——是引导定语从句的关联词，在从句中替代先行词。

3.本句中，先行词为boy，who/that为关系代词，在从句中代替boy.
4.定语从句紧跟在先行词之后。

定语从句的结构为：先行词（名词或代词）+关系代词（who/that/which 等）+...
四、关系代词
1.关系代词的种类
初中考察的关系代词有三个：who/which/that
2.关系代词的作用
a．引导定语从句；
b．代替先行词（先行词的一个替代形式）；
We need information. It’ll help solve the case.
---We need information which/that will help solve the case.
c．在定语从句中担当一个成分----主语或宾语
A young man who was single was murdered yesterday.
3.关系代词的用法
which/that代替事物，在从句中充当主语或宾语
The book that/which I borrow from the library is very interesting.
All the classmates enjoyed the cakes which/that were made in China.
who/that代替人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。

作宾语时可以用whom
I am going to see a friend who/that has just come back from the UK.
The student who/whom/that we met at the school gate is from America.
五、定语从句的考点
1.关系代词的选择
修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分
✔ 使用that不用which的情况：
1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。

e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

e.g. I have some books that are very good.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

e.g. This is the first book that I bought mysel
f.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。

e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
5.当先行词又有人又有物时。

e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
2.可省不可省
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，关系代词不可以省略；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。

The boy who/that is the tallest in our class lives next door to me. 作主语，不可省
He likes the birthday presents (that/which) his friends gave him. 作宾语，可省
The girl (who/whom/that) you have just seen is very good at English. 作宾语，可省
3.定语从句谓语动词的数
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的数取决于先行词。

It has many students who are from different countries. 先行词为复数，谓语动词为复数
I admire most an American lady who teaches us English. 先行词为单数，谓语动词为单数
Our History teacher tells us stories which are very interesting. 先行词为复数，谓语动词为复数例：
The man who ______ next to ours sells vegetables. (live)
Those who ________ against the plan put up your hands. (be)
答案lives；are
[课后练习]
一、用关系代词who, which, that合并两个句子
1.This is the knife. The suspect used it to kill the victim.
_________________________________________________________________
答案This is the knife the suspect used to kill the victim.
2.Detective Lu is a chief detective. He is working at the scene of the crime.
_________________________________________________________________
答案Detective Lu is a chief detective who is working at the scene of the crime.
3.The police are searching the house for more clues. They may help solve the case.
_________________________________________________________________
答案The police are searching the house for more clues that may help solve the case.
4.Murder in a Country House is a horror film. It is directed by Cindy Clark.
_________________________________________________________________
答案Murder in a Country House is a horror film which is directed by Cindy Clark.
5.The elderly couple offered a reward of 1000 for their missing pet. They live in West Town.
_________________________________________________________________
答案The elderly couple who live in West Town offered a reward of 1000 for their missing pet.
二、单项选择
【2020年栖霞】1. What kind of music do you like?-I like music_______ I can dance to.
A. because
B. when C who D. that
答案D
【2020年鼓楼】2.Which of the following suggestions has a defining relative clause?
A.Remember that you should keep everything in order.
B.Never lose heart when you fall behind your classmates.
C.Put up your hand if you can answer the question in class.
D.Discuss the problems that you don’t understand with your classmates.
答案D
【2020年玄武】3.--- Who is the girl_________spoke to you just now?
--- She is my aunt’s daughter.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
答案B
【2020年秦淮】4. Nanjing Happy Valley is a new theme park ________ can bring lots of joy to children.
A. what
B. which
C. who
D. when
答案B
5. ---Have you found the book about Sherlock Holmes ________ you want to read?
---Not yet. It has been borrowed by someone else.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
D. when
答案B
6.—How excited they are!
—Yes. The old classmates are talking about the people and things _______they still remember.
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whose
答案B
7.Not all children ______ watch this video will become scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.whom
B.which
C.who
D.whose
答案C
8.—Is this the first film _____ the young actress has acted in?
—Yes, it is. But I think it’s the best film ______I have ever seen.
A.who; who
B.that; that
C.which; who
D.who; which
答案B。