期中复习专题三语法复习人教版八年级英语上册(1)
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20232024年八年级英语人教版上册期中复习大盘点
专题三:重要语法复习
【一】复合不定代词
1. 构成:由some,any,every,no加上one,body,thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。
具体见下表:
2. 用法
(1)复合不定代词相当于名词,在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语,但不能作定语。
(2)复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时,形容词和动词不定式等应置于其后。
(3)复合不定代词作主语时表示单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)some-不定代词通常用于肯定句中;any-不定代词则多用于否定句或疑问句中。
但在表示请求、建议等的疑问句中,问话者希望得到肯定答复时,常用含有some-的不定代词,如something,somebody,someone等。
(5)anyone,anything也可用在肯定句中,前者表示“任何人”,后者表示“任何事”。
【二】一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词
英语中的动词按其过去式的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
规则动词的过去式一般在词尾加-ed,而不规则动词的变化因词而异。
规则动词过去式的构成口诀:
1. 规则动词过去式的构成
过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加ed。
如果词尾有个e,直接加d就可以。
辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加ed。
辅重闭作结尾,双写之后加-ed。
2. 不规则动词的过去式变化各异,需要特殊记忆,每个不规则动词的变化形式,都必须牢记。
不规则动词的过去式变化没有统一的规则,但并非一点儿规律也没有,下面我们就介绍一部分动词过去式的记忆规律。
(1)动词的过去式与动词原形同形。
letlet
putput
readread
cutcut
(2)遇见i改为a。
swimswam
singsang
beginbegan
sitsat
givegave
drinkdrank
助记:
游泳(swim)唱歌(sing)后,开始(begin)坐(sit)下来,给(give)点儿喝(dink)的吧,i变成a。
(3)过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词。
bringbrought
buybought
thinkthought
catchcaught
teachtaught
(4)中间去e末尾加t
feelfelt
keepkept
sleepslept
sweepswept
(5)把i变为o。
riderode
drivedrove
writewrote
助记:
动词过去式变i为o的单词:“骑(马)”“开(车)”“写(字)”
(6)ow/aw变为ew。
knowknew
growgrew
throwthrew
drawdrew
(7)以d结尾的词,把d变成t。
buildbuilt
lendlent
sendsent
spendspent
Unit 2
一、频度副词
1.频度副词的含义
(1)表示事情发生频率的副词称为频度副词。
常用的频度副词有always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时),seldom(很少),hardly ever(几乎从不),never(从不)等。
这些频度副词表示频率高低由大到小分别是:
always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、never,
(2)表示具体的频率、次数时,一次用once,两次用twice,三次及以上用“基数词+times”。
2.频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词一般用在实义动词之前,连系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后,有时为了强调,也可置于句首。
3.对频度副词提问时,用how often
Unit3
形容词和副词的比较级
1.形容词、副词的比较级的含义
大多数形容词或副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。
其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较,说明“前者比后者更(不)……”2.形容词、副词的比较级的构成
(1)规则变化
比较级规则变化歌诀:
比较级有变化,一般词尾加er。
词尾若有e,直接加r就可以。
辅音字母若加y,记得把y为i。
一辅重读闭音节,末尾字母要双写。
多(双)音节有规律,词前加more就可以。
(注意:“多、双音节”指多音节词和部分双音节词)
(2)不规则变化
good/wellbetter
bad/badlyworse
many/muchmore
littleless
farfarther/further
oldolder/elder
3.比较级的常用句型结构
(1)“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”或“A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B”,意为“A比B……”
(2)“A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B”或“A+实义动词+倍数+副词比较级than+B”意为“甲是乙的几倍”。
(3)“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two(+……)”意为“A是两者中较……的”。
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级(多音节词或部分双音节词)”意为“越来越……”。
(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”意为“越……越……”。
(6)疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B?
(7)疑问词+实义动词+副词比较级,A or B?
4.常见的修饰比较级的前置词
(1)much/a lot/far+比较级,意为“……得多”。
(2)a bit/a little+比较级,意为“稍微……”。
(3)even+比较级,意为“甚至……”
Unit 4
形容词和副词的最高级
1.当对三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较、表示“最……”的含义时,需要用最高级。
形容词最高级前面一般需要加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可以省略。
2.形容词、副词的最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
最高级有变化,词尾加上est;结尾若有e,直接加上st;辅音字母加y,y变i,再加est。
一辅重读闭音节,末尾字母要双写;形、副单词多音节,最高级前加most。
(2)不规则变化
good/wellbest
bad/badlyworst
littleleast
many/muchmost
oldoldest/eldest
farfarthest/furthest
3. 最高级的常用句型
(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语”意为“…是……中最……的”。
注意:
在表示最高级的句子中常含有表示比较范围的in或of,of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词;in后一般接表示单位或场所的名词。
(2)“主语+实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语”意为“……是……中最……的”。
注意:在表示最高级的句子中,形容词前要加定冠词the,副词前的the可省略。
(3)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”意为“……是……中最……的之一”。
(4)“疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级+A,B or C?”用于三者或三者以上的比较。
(5)“疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+the)+副词最高级+A,B,or C?”(6)the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”意为“第几最……的”。
4.比较级表达最高级的含义
(1)“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”,意为“比其他任何一个……都……”,强调在同一范围内作比较。
(2)“比较级+than any+可数名词单数”意为“比其他任何……都……”,强调不在同一范围内作比较。
(3)否定词与比较级连用来表达最高级的含义。
【课堂练习】
一、单项选择
1.Dale, did you see umbrella in our office? I can't find it now.
Is it red one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a the
B.an: the
C.an: a
D.a;a
2.look at in the mirror How dirty your face is!
C..myself
3. Boys and girls, I have to tell you. You may go now.
A.anything important
B.important something
C.important nothing
D .nothing important
3.Our English teacher asked us to a story about the picture.
A. make of
C.make from
D.look after
5. I hear that there an English speech contest in our school tomorrow afternoon.
A.will have
B. will is
C .is going to have
D. will be
6.None of us is than she in our classYes. We should learn from her.
A. most popular
B.the more
C .better
D . the most creative
7.Joe was never good at playing the piano for the simple that he never practiced it
A.Reason
8. The study on Silk Road is being among young Germans. Months ago 24 German high school students came to China to experience the SilkRoad culture.
A. more and more popular
B more popular and more popular
C . much and much popular
D.popular and popular
9. You may take a horse to the water, but you can't make him .
A. to drink
C.to drinking
D.drinking
10. John Miller didn't go to university. ,he left school at 16.
A.At least
B.For example
D. So far
11. Switzerland is for its mountains. Lots of people go there to climb the mountains every year.
C .famnous
12. Our class will go hiking this Sunday the weather is fine.
A. as long as
B as wel1 as
C. as soon as
D. as far as
13. Who sings better, Alice or Linda?
I think Alice sings more beautifully than Iinda.
A.very
B. a lot
C.very much
D.Quite
14.How do you like Lisa?I don't like her so much. She only thinks of herself and never others.
A. picks up
B. brings out
C.waits for
D. cares about
15. Although he tried to the teacher,he didn't hear anything.
A .to listen; but
B .to listen
C .listen: but
D . listen:
二、语法填空
Talent shows are getting more and more popular, Now there are many (kind) of talent shows in Chima .
Many people make their 2 ( dream)itnue by joining them . 3 example, Li Xiaoja, 4 English teacher from Chongoing, joined Chinese Dream Show. She is 5 ( talent) in music.She sings 6 ( well) than any other teacher in her schol and is good at 7 (sing) English songs .She is also outgoing.er showy made a lot of people like her. At last, she got the 8 ( one ) prize . At the same time, this show also changed 9 (she) life. She is successful not only because she's gotgreat talent , but also she works hard . I believe everyone can be successful as 10 as you work hard 【答案】
一、BDDBD CAABC AABDB
二、1.kinds 2.dreams 3. For4. an5.talented 6. better 7. singing 8. first 9.her 10.long。