专题02中考无忧词性转换在手-2022年中考英语必背知识手册(牛津上海版)

专题02 中考无忧词性转换在手
一、出题方向
1.出题量最大，也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换
常考的相互转换词类有四种：名词、动词、形容词、副词
名词→动词、形容词动词、形容词→名词
动词→形容词形容词→动词
形容词→副词副词→形容词
做这样的转换需要平时大量的积累，建立词根词缀的概念，多掌握常用的词缀，灵活变通。

2.最基本题型，必考方向——名词、代词、数词
名词考察方向：1. 复数
代词考察方向：1. 宾格2. 形容词性、名词性物主代词转换3. 反身代词可能出现
数词考察方向：1. 基数词、序数词的拼写与互换 2. 分数可能出现
3.简单题型，多练即可把握——比较级最高级
需要掌握：1. 比较级和最高级的变化方式 2. 比较级和最高级的辨识关键词
4.较难题型，多次转换，反义理解
有时候词类之间需要越级变换，要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系，确保答案的正确性。

较难题目不仅会越级变换，还需要添加反义，这需要更耐心细致地解题，分析题意。

二、解题技巧
1.形容词修饰名词、代词性成分；部分名词也可以修饰名词。

2.动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰，副词也可以修饰整句话。

3.系动词后一般使用形容词，连系动词后尤其需要注意添加形容词，这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混
淆。

4.扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识。

5.注意做完需要通读一下，检查反义及动词的时态语态问题。

三、词性转换分类汇总
1．动词转换为名词的常见方式
1)“动词+ion”
例如：pollute→ pollution, invent→ invention, discuss→ discussion, decide→ decision
注意：review→ revision solve→ solution
2)“动词去e+ ation”
例如：invite→ invitation，organize→ organization
3)“动词+er”
例如: work→ worker, teach→ teacher, write→ writer
speak→ speaker, run→ runner, win→ winner
4)“动词+ or"
例如：invent→ inventor, act→ actor, visit→ visitor, calculate→ calculator
5)“动词+ing"
例如：build→ building, begin→ beginning, paint→ painting, mean→ meaning
6)“动词十ment"
例如：develop→ development, amuse→ amusement
7)“动词十ress"
例如：wait→ waitress, act→ actress
8)“动词十ance"
例如：appear→ appearance, perform →performance
9)其他
serve—service 服务speak—speech 演讲fish—fisherman 渔夫
enter—entrance 入口know—knowledge 知识weigh—weight 重量
please—pleasure 愉快choose—choice选择tour—tourist 游客
die—death 死亡succeed—success 成功fly—flight 航班
memorize—memory 记忆mix—mixture 混合物cook—cook/cooker 厨师/厨具
save—safety 安全act—activity 活动able—ability 能力
典题再现1
1.Tom needed an ________ on his right leg after the traffic accident. (operate)
2.The film The Wandering Earth was a great ________ during the Spring Festival. (succeed)
3.We haven't found the ________ yet, but I'm sure we're on the right track. (solve)
4.Jack wants to be a newspaper ________ when he grows up. (report)
5.The delivery fee should be paid according to the ________ of the package.(weigh)
6.Some interesting things came up in our ________ yesterday.（discuss ）
7.The doctor decided to ________ Tim’s brain at once to see if there was something wrong.(exam)
8.Lisa wanted to be a top ________ on the stage when she was only five. (dance)
9.The more ________ you do, the greater progress you'll make. (review)
10.Parents like to take their children to the ________ parks for fun during the holidays. (amuse)
2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式
1) “动词+ive"
例如：act→ active, attract→ attractive
2) “动词+ able"
例如：change→ changeable, enjoy→ enjoyable
3) “动词+ing"
例如：excite→ exciting, follow→ following，freeze—freezing 寒冷的/ （frozen 冷冻的）
4) “动词+ ed"
例如：frighten→ frightened, bore→ bored
5)“动词+ ful"
例如：forget→ forgetful健忘的/ unforgettable/forgettable 难忘的/易忘的
6) 其他：
例如：depend→ independent，like→ likely，break→ broken，die→ dead，live→ alive
Please v.→ pleasure n.→ pleasant令人愉快的（指物）/ pleased 满意的（指人）
widen→ wide enrich→ rich enable→ able
典题再现2
st month the weather was so ________ that many children were down with flu. (change)
2.Over the years the cave wall has been shaped by the running stream, and it looks like a ________ waterfall.
(freeze)
3.Steven really looked ________ when he was too nervous to tell others his ideas.(embarrass)
4.Mountainclimbing is an ________ activity for young people during holidays. (enjoy)
5.The pany is trying to improve its products to make them more ________. (attract)
6.My grandpa is getting so ________ , I have to remind him to take his medicine. (forget)
7.Mr. Smith is still very ________ although he is already in his seventies. (act)
8.With the help of many strangers, I found my ________ train ticket. (lose)
3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式
1)“名词+ ful"
例如：care→ careful, use→ useful, power→ powerful
2)”名词+ less"
例如：care → careless, home→ homeless, help→ helpless
3)“名词+ly"
例如：friend→ friendly, love→ lovely
4)“名词+y"
例如：sun→ sunny, wind→ windy, health→ healthy, noise→ noisy, luck→ lucky, fun→ funny 5)“名词+ing"
例如：interest→ interesting
6)“名词+n"
例如：America→ American, Australia→ Australian
7)“名词+ ern"
例如：south→ southern, north→ northern
8)“名词+ ous"
例如：danger→ dangerous
9)“名词+ en"
例如：wood→ wooden, gold→ golden, wool→ woolen
10)“名词+al"
例如：nation→ national, education→ educational, medicine→ medical, nature→ natural chemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional
11)其他
例如：office→ official fool→ foolish foreigner→ foreign wound→ wounded electricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic 电子的
典题再现3
1.My daughter is ________ with her glasses and has lost three pairs. (care)
2.Many items in our ________ use are made of plastic. (day)
3.Bill has a very ________ mobile phone and he can do many things with it. (power)
4.There were ________ chocolates on sale at the supermarket before Christmas. (variety)
5.Some developing countries are in great need of ________ care for children. (medicine)
6. A ________ guide weled the guests and showed them around the old town.(Japan)
7.China is very different from ________ countries in culture and customs. (west)
8.These cars use electricity and are ________ to the environment.(friend)
9.Scientists are working hard to find new ways to predict ________ disasters.(nature)
10.As a result of the bloods, six people died and thousands were made ________.（home ）
4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式
1)“形容词+y"
例如：difficult→ difficulty, honest→ honesty
2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"
例如：different→ difference, important→ importance
3)“形容词+ ness"
例如：ill→ illness, kind→ kindness, sad→ sadness, happy→ happiness
4)“形容词+ dom"
例如：free→ freedom, wise→ wisdom
5)其他
例如：high→ height long→ length true→ truth responsible→ responsibility
典题再现4
1.Doing housework teaches kids independence, care and ________. (responsible)
2.In Wright’s family, the children have the ________ to choose what they want to learn.(free)
3.I felt I was doing well and my ________ began to grow. (confident)
4.Some fish in the ocean can grow to a ________ of four feet. (long)
5.In order to keep healthy, you need a ________ of food and drinks in your diet. (various)
6.There is truth in an old saying that ________ es with age. (wise)
7.Hundreds of soldiers died from ________ and hunger. (ill)
5．形容词转换为副词的常见方式
1)“形容词+ly“
例如：quiet→ quiet careful→ carefully main→ mainly
2)“形容词去y加ily“
例如：easy→ easily heavy→ heavily lucky→ luckily
3)“形容词le结尾的，去e变y“
例如：possible→ possibly gentle→ gently terrible→ terrible
4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“
例如：true→ truly(只有true特殊) nice→ nicely
5)“形容词不变“
例如：early早late 晚hard难的；努力地fast 快wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)
典题再现5
1.The Internet is being more ________ available across the world. (wide)
2.Tom's mother is a waitress. She always speaks ________ to her customers. (gentle)
3.When it's raining ________ outside, the streets usually bee much busier. (heavy)
4.Doctors did everything they ________ could to save his life. (possible)
5.Julie was ________ bored doing exercises while Christine was out all day. (real)
6．名词转换为名词的常见方式
例如：art→ artist science→ scientist piano→ pianist
city→ citizen custom→ customer engine→ engineer
friend→ friendship business→ businessman law→ lawyer
library→ librarian music→ musician office→ officer(职员)/official(官员)典题再现6
1.I am a ________. I have worked at the University of British Columbia for two years. (library)
2.The two boys became British ________ and they gained the right to vote(选举).(city)
3.There are many farmer ________ in Fengjing Town, Jinshan. (art)
4.She wasn't an_______government employee,like most other astronauts.(office)
7．词性转换中前缀的使用
例如：possible→ im possible (polite, patient)tell→ re tell (build, write, use) healthy→ un healthy(happy, lucky, usual)honest→ dis honest (advantage)
regular→ ir regular rich→ en rich (able)
convenient→ inconvenient (experienced/correct/direct/expensive/plete)
典题再现7
1.Sandy enjoys reading books and she believes it can ________ her whole life. (rich)
2.Although your products are pretty good, we will find one ________. (advantage)
3.If you are so ________ , why don’t you change schools? (happy)
4.It is ________ for people to fly to Mars in a solarpowered plane now. (possible)
5.The puter ________ people to municate with each other more conveniently. (able)
6.He is a very shy boy and it is ________ for him to be so active in class today. (usual) 8．国名——国籍
例如：Australia—Australian America—American Canada—Canadian
Britain—British England—English Italy—Italian
France— French Germany—German (德国人复数German s )
China—Chinese Japan—Japanese Korea—Korean
典题再现8
1.Dan’s neighbor is from ________ and the family has 3 lovely children.(German)
2.________ , together with twelve other countries, has joined the organization. (Chinese)
3.________ people often start their conversations by talking about the weather. (Britain)
1.Floods are the No. 1 natural ___________ in the world. (kill)
2.If Mary isn’t satisfied with the style of uniforms, why not design them ___________ ? (she)
3.After the earthquake, thousands of people were left ___________ . (home)
4.I hope the pany will ___________ something like homework robots in the nearest future. (product)
5.Our government has paid great attention to ___________ rights nowadays. (work)
6.Thanks to the school clubs, Adam took up many _________before he graduated. (hobby)
7.Alice is busy planning a party with her friends to celebrate her ___________ birthday. (twelve)
8.John is an independent boy and he can deal with different problems by___________ (he)
9.The author's latest novel didn't___________ as well as it had been expected. (sale)
10.The__________ of many modern technologies has greatly changed our lives. (invent)
11.Jim and his friends had an_________ day at Shanghai Disneyland Park yesterday. (enjoy)
12.The mobile phone is pletely ________ because it dropped into water just now. ( use )
13.Austin was in his ___________ when he met a musician. (twenty)
14.Will you go ___________ with me in the taxi fare? (half)
15.I felt sick in the evening, but the ___________ day I felt better. (follow)
16.The map shows the exact ___________ of the place where I’m going. (locate)
17.She was deeply ___________ about being left out of the school team without any reason (happy)
18.We'd like to learn about others’___________ side and bee a better person. (bright)
19.I think they will ___________ the meeting well next month. (organization)
20.Tony has gone to Australia and will stay there for more than two ___________ .（month）
21.It seems to ___________ that nature can be so damaging to those kind people.（fair）
22.I attended the professor’s lecture yesterday, but I didn’t enjoy his _______ very much.（speak）
23.The first China International Import Expo began on November the ________ , 2018 in Shanghai.（five）
24.Cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away are the ________ cause of forest fires.（possibly）
25.His ________ design won the heart of customers and the products were sold out in a week.（create）
26.So far the invention has not been ________ used in industry or in any other field.（wide）
27.The doctors ________ on the boy and took out the button battery in his stomach last night.（operation）
28.My grandma is interested in taking ________ with her mobile phone.（photo）
29.The play was very ________ on Broadway and everybody has enjoyed it.（success）
30.Lisa learns road ________ by walking to and from school along with her parents.（safe）
31.We look forward to weling you and with you a ________ journey.（please）
32.Tom is facing a difficult ________ between staying with his family and working in Tibet.（choose）
33.The students all found it _______ to finish so much homework in an hour.（possible）
34.Many university students enter for these courses to ________ skills for their future jobs. (wide)
35.When you think of Venice, does it bring any other ________ city to your mind? (Europe)
36.The expert says teamwork and leadership are necessary for ________. (succeed)
37.The customers felt ________ with the quality of the service of the restaurant. (satisfy)
38.I lived in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final ________ to move back to China. (decide)
39.With the rapid population ________ ,many primary schools will be built in our city. (grow)
40.The best way to manage money is ________ to make a budget and avoid unnecessary spending. (probable)
41.China held its ___________ import expo(进博会)in Shanghai last year. (one)
42.The Internet ___________ people to order their food conveniently at home. (able)
43.We can see more ___________ drivers drive buses on high ways between cities.(woman)
44.To be ________ ,this mobile phone pany has the opportunity to be one of the best ones in the near
future.(seriously)
45.Chinese people are trying their best to bring more and more ________ to themselves.(happy)
46.Children and old people may easily fall ill because of the ________ weather in early spring.(change)
47.Did Jenny accept Tom’s ________ offer yesterday? She really needs his help. (three)
48.We were terribly ________ by the huge figure at midnight. (frighten)
49.Vincent was too ________. He was still unaware of the changes of his family. (careful)
50.Don’t jump to ________. You should think it over. (conclude)
51. A famous Chinese writer, Jin Yong, ________ on October 30, 2018. (death)
52.Children should learn how to be ________ when they grow up. (depend)
53.It is reported that several __________ happened in the village last year. (robbery)
54.The new meeting room in our school is twice as big as __________.(they)
55.Many people are amazed at the __________ of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. (long)
56.You should work hard enough if you want to __________ in the final exam.( success)
57.During our visit to Europe, we saw quite a few _________ in many countries. (church)
58.These new books and magazines on that bookshelf belong to _________. (we)
59.The People’ Republic of China will celebrate her _________ birthday this year. (seventy)
60.These days even very young children have a _________ of electronic products at hand. (various)
61.Worrying about your future all day is _________. Just take action from now on! (use)
62.As time goes by, it’s easier for my grandfather to _________what he did.(forgetful)
63.The good result of the physical examination let his worries ________ immediately.（appear）
64.Lisa was amazed that the students understood the ________ of the poem so well.（mean）
65.On the school open day, we decorated our classrooms with _________ balloons.（colour）
66.The newspaper says the little boy had lived with some ________ until he was four. (wolf)
67.In the United States, Father’s Day is on the ________ Sunday in June. (three)
68.An ________ chef will e to the hotel to make pasta and pizza for guests. (Italy)
69.The old lady doesn’t like the ________ city life, so she will move to a quiet village. (noise)
70.According to the witnesses, the robber was of average ________, rather fat. (high)
71.Don’t worry about his ________. The doctor said he would be well soon.（ill）
72.They told us there were enough facts to ________ what she said was right.（proof）
73.You can’t imagine how lonely and ________ they were when the California fire happened.（help）
74.The guards make sure the school gate is ________ locked after midnight every day.（secure）
75.Matt has got a lovely dog from his parents. ________ name is Brant. (it)
76.The exhibition hall is decorated with many ________ Chinese papercut. (tradition)
77.With little sleep and rest, Mr. Li’s health became even ________ than before. (bad)
78.In the countryside park, you can ________ deeply and relax for a while. (breath)
79.His answer was ________ different from what we had expected. (plete)
80.You’re always making ________ for your failure to achieve longterm change. (excuse)
81.Huawei has overtaken Apple to bee the world’s ________ largest smartphone maker. (two)
82.________ visit to the island was a trip of a lifetime and one we thoroughly enjoyed. (us)
83.They killed four policemen while they were trying to ________ a bank. (robbery)
84.The film is quite ________, so many people have trouble trying to understand its meaning. (usual)
85.The students enjoyed _______ at the Christmas party last night. (them)
86.The _______ time of the train has to be changed because of the heavy rain. (arrive)
87.The government has been paying more attention to _______ problems. (economy)
88.Doctors have tried their best to save the ________ patient. (death)
89.Confucius（孔子）was a ________ man and a great education as well in Chinese history.（wisdom）
90.Jack ________ helped the injured girl get up, and sent her to the hospital immediately.（gentle）
91.To improve your writing skills, you’d better ______ a habit of reading. (development)
92.Airships use much ______ fuel than planes, so they are better for the environment. (little)
93.She is a woman with a strong ______. Once she has made a decision, no one can change her mind. (person)
94.He has ______ for his carelessness several times, but she still unhappy. (apology)
95.People are very pleased with food _______ this month. （price）
96.It’s a _________ to share my ideas with all of you. （pleasant）
97.It’s mon _________ that the day bees longer and longer when summer es. （know）
98.After supper my father helps to wash the _________ and put them away. (dish)
99.It is suggested that we should brush our teeth at least _________ a day. (two)
100.Many people are trying to lose _________ , but few of them can succeed. (weigh)
参考答案：
典题再现1
1. operation
2. success
3.solution
4.reporter
5. weight
6. discussion
7. examine
8. dancer
9.revision10. amusement
典题再现2
1.changeable
2.frozen
3. embarrassed
4. enjoyable
5. attractive
6. forgetful
7. active
8.lost
典题再现3
1. careless
2. daily
3.powerful
4.various
5. medical
6.Japanese
7. western
8. friendly
9. natural10. homeless
典题再现4
1. responsibility
2. freedom
3. confidence
4.length
5.variety
6. wisdom
7. illness
典题再现5
1. widely
2. gently
3. heavily
4. possibly
5. really
典题再现6
1. librarian
2. citizens
3. artist
4. official
典题再现7
1. enrich
2. disadvantage
3. unhappy
4. impossible
5. enables
6. unusual
典题再现8
1. Germany
2. China
3. British
优选提升题
1.killer
2.herself
3.homeless
4.produce
5.workers’
6.hobbies
7.twelfth
8.himself
9.sell10.invention
eless13.twenties14.halves15.following
anize20.months
21.unfair22.speech23.fifth24.possible25.creative
26.widely27.operated28.photos29.successful30.safety
31.pleasant32.choice33.impossibe34.widen35.European
36.success37.satisfied38.decision39.growth40.probably
41.first42.enable s43.women44.serious45.happiness 46.changeable47.third48.frightened49.careless50.conclusions 51.died52.independent53.robberies54.theirs55.length
59.seventieth60.variety
eless62.forget63.disappear64.meaning65.colourful 66.wolves67.third68.Italian69.noisy70.height
71.illness72.prove73.helpless74.securely75.its
76.traditional77.worse78.breathe79 pletely80.excuses
81.second82.Our83.rob84.unusual85.themselves 86.arrival87.economic88.dying89.wise90.gently
91.develop92.less93.personality94.apologized95.prices
96.pleasure97.knowledge98.dishes99.twice100.weight。