小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导

小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导
一、培养正确的阅读习惯
有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯，如一个词一个词地读，且常伴有一些习惯动作：用手指、摆头等，这就是速读的障碍，并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。

有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读，我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式：（1）用手指或笔指词阅读；（2）逐词阅读；（3）复读；（4）声读；（5）心译。

这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。

应当指出，孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视，但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。

二、加强按意群阅读的训练
按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。

它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。

试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停顿7次），（2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。

其中，（1）为逐词读，（2）为按意群读。

具体说来，读的时候我们要指导学生，不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。

这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之？因此，我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法：1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。

通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。

2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。

随着阅读的深入，熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选择、推测和推理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。

也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环节。

我们必须明确地告诉孩子，跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。

主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。

三、培养语言预测能力
所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。

例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I go to school by ... 时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我们读到Thank you for ... 时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。

熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。

例如读到He likes listening ... 时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little Water Drop goes higher and ... 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。

眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。

四、避免翻译
在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。

但如果总要依赖翻译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。

当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。

再如读到She was flying a kite.时，我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线，天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画面，避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后，再到画面的中间环节，那么就节省了时间。

在英语的阅读理解中，孩子往往会或多或少地遇到各种各样的生词，这是影响孩子阅读速度的最大障碍了。

若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪，那么生词便是顽石、沟坎，使溪流不断回漩激起浪花；冲过去便渐入佳境，冲不过去便成为一潭死水。

跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。

猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。

例如：PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子：Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响学生的阅读，学生通过上文中的violin下文中的music，能明白。

这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不求甚解。

生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。

阅读理解猜词六技巧介绍如下：
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。

有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：
You shouldn"t have blamed him for that，for it wasn"t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。

通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。

而a dry period和drought是同义语。

这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来
判断它们大致的意思。

从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。

例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。

后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解读下两这封信，回答问题
Dear Mum,
How are you? Every day I had fun with my cousins. On Monday we went to a restaurant. We ate good food. On Tuesday we went to a park. We sang and danced. On Wednesday we played ping-pong. On Thursday we climbed a mountain. We took many pictures. Tomorrow I'll be back home!
Miss you and dad.
Love.
John （1）What did John do on Monday?
（2）Where did John go on Tuesday?
（3）What did John do on Tuesday?
（4）Did John play badminton on Wednesday?
（5）Did John climb a mountain on Thursday?
【答案】（1）He ate good food.
（2）He went to a park.
（3）He sang and danced.
（4）No, he didn't.
（5）Yes, he did.
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】这是写给父母，介绍自己一周生活情况的信。

（1）根据短文叙述 On Monday we went to a restaurant. We ate good food. （周一我们去了饭店。

我们吃了美食。

）可知周一吃美食。

故答案为： He ate good food.
（2）根据短文叙述 On Tuesday we went to a park. （周二我们去了公园。

）可知是去了公园。

故答案为： He went to a park.
（3）根据短文叙述We sang and danced. （我们唱歌和跳舞。

）可知是唱歌跳舞。

故答案为： He sang and danced.
（4）根据短文叙述 On Wednesday we played ping-pong. （在星期三我们打乒乓球。

）可知不是打羽毛球，用否定回答。

故答案为： No, he didn't.
（5）根据短文叙述 On Thursday we climbed a mountain. （周四我们爬山了。

）可知用肯定回答。

故答案为： Yes, he did.
【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。

首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据题目问题的相关叙述，来回答问题。

3．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致
Marie Curie was a Polish scientist. She was born in1867 and was firm and fantastic. She discovered a kind of new element-radium with her husband. And she got the Nobel Prize twice. People think that Marie Curie was the greatest woman scientist of the twentieth century.
Marie and her husband believed that there was an element and they wanted to find it. So they worked hard in the lab all day long. One night, Marie Curie went to the lab. In the dark, she saw the element was blue and beautiful. They discovered radium in 1898!
In 1903, Marie and her husband got the Nobel Prize. They got seventy thousand francs. Marie just took a little money to go on with her study. She gave the money to others and helped the poor. Marie didn't care for the money or gold medals. She only cared about the science study. Marie Curie worked very hard for long. She was sick. In 1934, Marie Curie closed her eyes forever.
（1）Marie Curie was a Polish scientist.
（2）Marie Curie discovered a kind of new element radium with her husband.
（3）Marie Curie was the greatest woman scientist of the twentieth century.
（4）Marie Curie was born in 1891.
（5）In 1934, Marie and her husband got the Nobel Prize.
【答案】（1）1
（2）1
（3）1
（4）0
（5）0
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了波兰科学家玛丽·居里。

（1）句意：玛丽·居里是波兰科学家。

根据 Marie Curie was a Polish scientist. 可知玛丽·居里是波兰科学家，故答案为正确。

（2）句意：居里夫人和丈夫发现了一种新元素镭。

根据Marie and her husband believed that there was an element and they wanted to find it. 可知居里夫人和丈夫发现了一种新元素镭，故答案为正确。

（3）句意：玛丽·居里是二十世纪最伟大的女科学家。

根据People think that Marie Curie was the greatest woman scientist of the twentieth century. 可知玛丽·居里是二十世纪最伟大的女科学家，故答案为正确。

（4）句意：玛丽·居里出生于1891年。

根据 She was born in1867 and was firm and fantastic. 可知玛丽·居里出生于1867年，故答案为错误。

（5）句意：1934年，玛丽和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔奖。

根据In 1903, Marie and her husband got the Nobel Prize. 可知1903年，玛丽和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔奖，故答案为错误。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

4．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致
Hi, Xiaoling,
Thanks so much for inviting me to visit you in China I can't wait to see you. I am very excited to stay with your family. But I can't speak Chinese at all. Please teach me. I know China is very big. And the Chinese food is very famous. I can't wait to try all the delicious food. And there is a lot of natural beauty in China. I really want to see the beautiful lakes and waterfalls in China. I finally got my passport last Monday and I booked my plane ticket yesterday. I will arrive at Baiyun Airport on July 10th. The plane lands at 2:00 pm. I'm so excited.
See you then, Janet.
（1）Xiaoling wrote this letter.
（2）Xiaoling invited Janet to visit her in China.
（3）Janet can't speak Chinese at all.
（4）Chinese food is very famous.
（5）Janet can't wait to try all the delicious food in China.
【答案】（1）0
（2）1
（3）1
（4）1
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：这是珍妮特写给小玲的信件，她想要来中国旅游，她不会说中
文，但她想尝尝所有美味的食物，想看中国美丽的湖泊和瀑布，她已经拿到护照，订了机票，将于7月10日到达白云机场，飞机下午2点降落。

（1）句意：小玲写了这封信。

根据 See you then, Janet. 可知珍妮特写了这封信，故答案为错误。

（2）句意：小玲邀请珍妮特到中国访问。

根据 Thanks so much for inviting me to visit you in China I can't wait to see you. 可知小玲邀请珍妮特到中国访问，故答案为正确。

（3）句意：珍妮特根本不会说中文。

根据 But I can't speak Chinese at all. 可知珍妮特根本不会说中文，故答案为正确。

（4）句意：中国菜很有名。

根据 And the Chinese food is very famous. 可知中国菜很有名，故答案为正确。

（5）句意：珍妮特迫不及待地想尝尝所有的美味佳肴。

根据I can't wait to try all the delicious food. 可知珍妮特迫不及待地想尝尝所有的美味佳肴，故答案为正确。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

5．阅读理解阅读理解
I have a pretty pet. Her name is Polly Bird. When Polly was young, she lived in a birdhouse. Now she lives in a birdcage. When Polly was young, she couldn't sing. Now she sings all day long. When Polly was young, she couldn't eat birdseed. Now she can eat birdseed.
When Polly was young, she couldn't fly. Now she flies out of the birdcage every morning. She flies back into the birdcage every evening. When Polly was young, she didn't like our pet rabbit Lulu. Now she plays with Lulu every day. When I am sad, Polly sings to me. She makes me happy. I love Polly very much.
（1）What is the best title（标题）for this story?
A. Peppa Pig
B. Polly Bird
C. Lulu Rabbit
（2）Where does Polly live now?
A. In a birdhouse.
B. In a birdcage.
C. In a bird nest.
（3）What does Polly do every morning?
A. B. C.
（4）Does Polly like Lulu now?
A. Yes, she does.
B. No, she doesn't.
C. No, she didn't.
（5）Why does the writer love Polly very much?
A. Because Polly can fly.
B. Because Polly can eat birdseed.
C. Because Polly can make her happy.
【答案】（1）B
（3）C
（4）A
（5）C
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】文章大意：作者介绍她的宠物鸟的事情。

（1）根据I have a pretty pet. Her name is Polly Bird.可知“我”有一只很漂亮的宠物。

她的名字叫Polly Bird。

因此该故事最好的标题是Polly Bird。

故选B。

（2）根据Now she lives in a birdcage.可知现在她住在鸟笼里。

故选B。

（3）根据根据Now she flies out of the birdcage every morning.可知她每天早上从鸟笼里飞出来。

故选C。

（4）根据Now she plays with Lulu every day.可知现在她每天和露露玩。

因此她喜欢露露，该问句需要作肯定回答。

故选A。

（5）根据When I am sad, Polly sings to me. She makes me happy.可知当作者难过的时候，Polly给她唱歌。

她使得她很开心。

这就是作者非常喜欢她的原因。

故选C。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。

答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确选择。

6．阅读理解阅读短文，选择正确的选项。

The students in Grade Six are going to face（面临） the biggest exam（考试）. They study very hard. Every day they do a lot of exercises of Chinese, maths and English.
Li Jun is a student in Class Two. He is good at English and maths. But his Chinese is not so good. So he has to do some reading after the homework.
Li Yan is Li Jun's cousin. She is in Class Three. She likes singing and dancing. She's going to be a singer in the future. Every day, when she finishes her homework, she has to sing and dance for an hour.
（1）Li Jun is good at .
A. Chinese
B. science
C. English and maths
（2）Li Jun after the homework.
A. learns English
B. does some reading
C. draws pictures
（3）Li Yan is Li Jun's .
A. pen pal
B. classmate
C. cousin
（4）Li Yan likes .
A. painting
B. playing badminton
C. singing and dancing
（5）The students in Grade Six will face .
A. a big farewell party
B. the biggest school trip
C. the biggest exam
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了六年级的学生李军和李燕。

（1）根据 Li Jun is a student in Class Two. He is good at English and maths. 可知李军擅长英语和数学，故答案为C.
（2）根据 So he has to do some reading after the homework. 可知李军在做完作业后做些阅读，故答案为B.
（3）根据 Li Yan is Li Jun's cousin. 可知李燕是李军的表妹，故答案为C.
（4）根据 She likes singing and dancing. 可知李燕喜欢唱歌和跳舞，故答案为C.
（5）根据The students in Grade Six are going to face the biggest exam.可知六年级的学生将面临最大的考试，故答案为C.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行选择。

7．阅读理解根据表格，回答下列问题．
（2）Where is Andy going this weekend?
（3）What is Bob going to do this weekend?
（4）Where does Wu Lan want to go?
（5）What does Li Ming want to do there?
【答案】（1）He is going to see dinosaurs.
（2）She is going to department store.
（3）He is going to see a film.
（4）She wants to go to Beihai park.
（5）He wants to fly a kite.
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：表格讲述了约翰，安迪，鲍勃，吴兰和李明在某地做某事。

（1）句意：约翰明天要做什么？根据表格可知他要去看恐龙，故答案为 He is going to see dinosaurs.
（2）句意：安迪这个周末要去哪里？根据表格可知她要去百货公司，故答案为She is going to department store.
（3）句意：鲍勃这个周末要做什么？根据表格可知他要去看电影，故答案为 He is going to see a film.
（4）句意：吴兰想去哪里？根据表格可知她想去北海公园，故答案为She wants to go to Beihai park.
（5）句意：李明想在那里做什么？根据表格可知他想放风筝，故答案为He wants to fly a kite.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息写出恰当的句子。

8．阅读理解阅读理解
Ted is a student. He is my best friend. He is busy at the weekend. He is going to wash his clothes this Saturday morning. He is going to the bookstore this Saturday afternoon. He is going to the gym to play badminton this Sunday morning. He is going to learn Chinese this Sunday afternoon. He is going to play computer games this Sunday evening.
（1）Ted and I are good ________.
（2）Where will Ted go on Saturday afternoon?
（3）Can Ted play badminton?
（4）Will Ted go to learn English this Sunday afternoon?
（5）When will Ted play computer games?
【答案】（1）friends
（2）The bookstore.
（3）Yes, he can.
（4）No, he won't.
（5）This Sunday evening.
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了泰德周末的日常生活。

（1）根据 Ted is a student. He is my best friend. 可知泰德我是好朋友， friends朋友，故答案为 friends .
（2）句意：泰德星期六下午去哪儿？根据He is going to the bookstore this Saturday afternoon. 可知他这个星期六下午要去书店，故答案为 The bookstore.
（3）句意：泰德会打羽毛球吗？根据 He is going to the gym to play badminton this Sunday morning. 可知肯定回答，故答案为 Yes, he can.
（4）句意：泰德这个星期天下午会去学英语吗？根据He is going to learn Chinese this Sunday afternoon. 可知否定回答，故答案为 No, he won't.
（5）句意：泰德什么时候玩电脑游戏？根据 He is going to play computer games this Sunday evening. 可知他这个星期天晚上要玩电脑游戏，故答案为 This Sunday evening.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句，写出答语。

9．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否相符。

We get headaches sometimes. But how much do you know about headaches? What may cause that? And what should we do if we have a headache? When should we go to see a doctor?
A headache is not a disease, but it may show that something in our body is wrong. We may have more than one headache each month.
Usually a fever may cause headaches. We may get a headache when we work too hard. We may get a headache when we don't get enough sleep. We may get a headache when we exercise with an empty stomach. What should we do if we have a headache?
We should lie down and rest. We should have a good sleep. We shouldn't take too much exercise if we are hungry. If we have headaches often, we need to see a doctor.
（1）A headache is not a disease, but it may show that something in our body is wrong.
（2）Usually a fever may cause headaches.
（3）We may get a headache when we get enough sleep.
（4）We may get a headache when we exercise with an empty stomach.
（5）We should take too much exercise if we are hungry.
【答案】（1）1
（2）1
（3）0
（4）1
（5）0
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】这是讲述头痛的短文。

（1）句意：头痛不是一种疾病，但是这或许表明我们身体某个地方有问题了。

根据短文叙述 A headache is not a disease, but it may show that something in our body is wrong.（头痛不是一种疾病，但是这或许表明我们身体某个地方有问题了。

）可知题目叙述正确。

故答案为：正确。

（2）句意：通常发烧可能引起头痛。

根据短文叙述Usually a fever may cause headaches.（通常发烧可能引起头痛。

）可知题目叙述正确。

故答案为：正确。

（3）句意：当我们有足够的睡眠时，我们可能头痛。

根据短文叙述We may get a headache when we don't get enough sleep.（当我们没有足够睡眠时，我们可能头痛。

）可知题目叙述错误。

故答案为：错误。

（4）句意：当我们空腹锻炼时，我们可能头痛。

根据短文叙述We may get a headache when we exercise with an empty stomach.（当我们空腹锻炼时，我们或许会头痛。

）可知题目叙述正确。

故答案为：正确。

（5）句意：如果我们饿了，我们应该参加更多的锻炼。

根据短文叙述We shouldn't take too much exercise if we are hungry.（如果我们饿了，我们不应该参加更多的锻炼。

）
【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。

仔细阅读短文，然后短文的细节叙述来判断正误。