高考英语一轮复习单元达标能力测试(二十)Unit 20 New Frontiers

高考英语一轮复习单元达标能力测试(二十)
Unit 20 New Frontiers
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）(略)
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Scientific discoveries have changed man's life a great deal during the past century. First of all, they have greatly improved material well­being in several areas of life. In the field of medicine, cures for life threatening diseases have enabled people to live longer. In communication, the telephone and e­mail have made it possible for us to communicate with anyone in the world without leaving our homes or offices. Advances in transportation allow businessmen to fly across the ocean in the morning and return home the same evening. Space technology has put men on the moon. More efficient ways of using available resources, such as coal and solar power, have been explored.
Scientific discoveries have also changed man's moral atmosphere. Ethical (伦理的) issues are raised by these discoveries. Should we keep a terminally ill person alive through drugs and machines or should we allow him to die in dignity? With advances in transportation has come the problem of pollution for nearly every major city in the world. If cities become uninhabitable, then such technical advances may come with too great a price to pay. Many people also question the wisdom of sending men to the moon when there are urgent problems that have not been solved on earth. During future years, increasing attention must be given to the moral as well as the practical applications of science.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Scientific discoveries have only changed man's moral atmosphere.
B．Scientific discoveries have only changed man's material well-being.
C．Scientific discoveries have helped people find efficient ways of using available resources.
D．Men are sent to the moon because there are urgent problems that have not been solved on earth.
2．At the end of the passage the author says that increasing attention must be given to ________．A．the moral applications of science
B．the practical applications of science
C．urgent problems on the earth
D．both A and B
3．The best title for the passage is ________．
A．Science discoveries
B．Science and daily life
C．Advances in transportation
D．City pollution
【语篇解读】本文主要讲了科学发现对人们的日常生活的影响。

1．解析：选C细节理解题。

从第一段的最后一句话可知C项正确。

2．解析：选D细节理解题。

从文章的最后一句话“During future years, increasing attention must be given to the moral ...of science.”可知D项正确。

3．解析：选B标题归纳题。

纵观全文可知，本文主要讲了科学发现对人们的日常生活的影响，故B项为正确答案。

B
In the future, the Internet will be different from what it is now. There will be many more websites. It is predicted that in the year 2100, there will be hundreds of billions of websites. This means that the use of search engines will become much more important. And there will also be many more sites in different languages. This means that on every proper website, there will be links with the language you want.
Another prediction on the Internet is that data transmission (传输) speed will increase globally. According to Akamai Technologies, the average global data transmission speed in late 2009 was 1.7 megabits per second. Compare that to the record for data transmission speed set by Bell Labs：100 billion megabits per second. At that speed, you could transmit 400 DVDs worth of data every second. That's an enormous gap between what's currently possible and what's commercially available. But as time passes, the costs of producing super-high-speed networks will decrease.
In the future, people will live under the sea and the housing shortage will be solved. There will be lots of glass domes (穹状建筑物) under the sea, which allow people to look all around into the sea. Air will be provided via air pipes which lead to the open air. You can travel from one dome to another via a
kind of submarine which will also be made of glass. The domes will be so beautiful and the view under the sea will be so impressive that many people will prefer to live under water, and less people will prefer to live on land. This will have a positive effect on the environment on land.
In the future we won't use oil or gas as energy any more. We will make use of sunlight, water and wind. Cars will run on water. Just fill your tank with water, and you can drive further than you could drive with the same amount of gasoline. Also, the exhaust won't be damaging to the environment, because it'll just be water vapor. So the water cycle won't change, we'll keep the same amount of water on the earth, and we won't run out of water. Also, all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water.
4．What can we know about the Internet in the future from the first two paragraphs?
A．It will be more important to use search engines.
B．Most of the websites will be designed in English.
C．People not knowing a foreign language will find it hard to surf the Internet.
D．There will be great gaps between developed countries and developing countries in Internet usage.
5．Why are super­high­speed networks not available to the public at present?
A．Because the cost is too high.
B．Because there are technical difficulties.
C．Because Bell Labs doesn't want to sell its technique.
D．Because governments haven't recognized their value.
6．The underlined word “exhaust”in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “________”．
A．oil product B．waste air
C．solar energy D．wind energy
7．What can we infer from the text?
A．The Internet is the most advanced invention in history.
B．Water will run out sooner than we have expected.
C．Houses under the sea will be made from metal.
D．Sunlight, wind and water will benefit people more in the future.
【语篇解读】文章对互联网、人类居住环境、能源应用等领域的未来做出了预测。

usage.
4．解析：选A细节理解题。

根据文章第一段“This means that the use of search engines will become much more important.”可知，答案为A。

5．解析：选A推理判断题。

根据第二段最后两句可知，虽然现在达到这一传输速度在技术上可行，在商业上还不能推广，但今后建造这种超高速网络的成本会降低，从而可推知公众目
前不能使用这种网络的原因是成本太高。

6．解析：选B词义猜测题。

从该句后半句“因为它将只是水蒸气”，可推测exhaust指的是未来汽车排放的“废气”。

7．解析：选D推理判断题。

根据文章最后一句“Also, all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water.”可知，D项正确。

C
According to a new study, scientific breakthroughs increasingly come to scientists who are 45 and older.
Researchers from Ohio State University and North-western University examined the age at which Nobel Prize winners did their prize-winning work for awards in physics, chemistry, and medicine between 1901 and 2008. Their study shows that the average age of scientists making their Nobel Prize-winning discoveries has risen.
The trend was very obvious in all these three fields. In Einstein's field, the average age shifted from 36.9 early in the 20th century to 50.3 in recent decades. In chemistry, the average age shifted from 36.1 to 46.3 and in medicine from 37.6 to 45.0.
“There's this fixed image of the young genius doing breakthrough work，”said Bruce Weinberg, co­author of the study. “But that's not the universal pattern, especially today.”
So what's causing the shift? Weinberg and his co-author, Benjamin Jones, suggest two likely factors: changes in scientific training standards and changes to the foundational knowledge within scientific disciplines. In Einstein's day, many scientists received their highest degree (usually a doctor's degree) by the age of 25. In all three fields that proportion has decreased over time, meaning that many eventual Nobel Prize winners are starting their careers later. As there is more and more knowledge, scientists may need longer to master the fundamentals and finally to make a new great contribution to a field, according to Weinberg.
These findings are mixed news for science as a whole. While the study may calm some worries about our aging scientific workforce, it still indicates a problem．
“The research suggests that it takes longer and longer to master all the material needed to make it to the scientific frontier，”Weinberg says. “If that's the case, it may mean that scientific progress could slow down.”
For the young, ambitious scientists trying to live up to the fixed image of genius, Weinberg offers this advice，“It's possible, in principle, to do great work early in a career, but I would tell young scientists to keep going, even if they haven't had a br eakthrough yet.”
8．In which field was the trend most obvious?
A．Chemistry.B．Physics.
C．Medicine. D．Biology.
9．From Paragraph 5, we can learn that ________．
A．nowadays it is easier to receive a doctor's degree
B．only those who start their careers later can win a Noble Prize
C．there is less scientific training offered to young scientists
D．scientists now have to master more knowledge to make a scientific breakthrough
10．The underlined word “problem”in Paragraph 6 refers to the situation that ________．A．the scientific research progress may slow down
B．a doctor's degree may be less valuable
C．the present scientific training standards may be too high
D．the aging scientific workforce may make no breakthroughs in science
11．According to what Weinberg said in the last paragraph, young scientists should ________．A．be more careful about their work
B．be patient with their work
C．have a higher goal
D．start their career as early as possible
【语篇解读】人们往往认为科学界的天才在青年时期便一鸣惊人，研究发现：近几十年来科学家取得重大科学突破时的年龄比之前明显增大。

8．解析：选B推理判断题。

从第三段提供的数字可知在爱因斯坦研究的领域，即物理学方面，获得诺贝尔奖的科学家的年龄变化最大，该趋势最为明显。

9．解析：选D细节理解题。

根据第五段“As there is more and more knowledge, scientists may need longer to master the fundamentals and finally to make a new great contribution to a field”可知，如今科学家需要掌握更多的知识才能取得科学新突破，故选D。

10．解析：选A推理判断题。

根据第七段中的解释“If that's the case, it may mean that scientific progress could slow down.”可知，此处problem指的是科学研究的进程可能会放慢，故A为正确答案。

11．解析：选B细节理解题。

根据文章最后一句话中“but I would tell young scientists to keep going, even if they haven't had a breakthrough yet”可知，Weinberg认为年轻的科学家即使现在还没有取得重大科学突破，仍要耐心工作。

D
A shop wholly run by a robot has been set up in downtown Tokyo, capital of Japan. The shop was set up by a Japan­based company.
When a customer comes to the shop, he will be given a pencil and a piece of paper. When he is looking at the shelves for goods, he can write down the number of each thing he wants to buy. Then he
may come to a machine, which looks like a bank A TM (Automatic Teller Machine), and press the buttons to tell the machine the numbers and some other information about the goods. The machine will soon give the customer a bill. When the customer puts money into the machine, change will be given back at once, and the words “Thank You for Coming”will appear on the screen of the machine. The robot will select the ordered goods for the customer according to computer center information. The robot, as round as a bucket, is able to decide the weight and size of any goods. It will always take the bigger and heavier goods first before picking up the smaller and lighter ones such as cakes or biscuits. Within half a minute, the robot will make everything ready, and wait for a customer at a certain delivery place. The shop is to meet the needs of the public for the so­called “silent purchase”. It means that a customer can do shopping through mail or even an international computer network without facing the shop owner. This will reduce the cost on the part of the shop, and thus lower the price of goods for the customer. The robot now can deal with most goods in a fast and easy way. Only when dealing with those goods needing special care will the robot ask for help.
12．When you want to buy something in the robot shop, first you have to________．
A．put money into the machine
B．press the buttons of the machine and tell it what you want to buy
C．find out what you want to buy and write down the numbers on paper
D．go into the shop and select the goods you want with the help of the machine
13．In this shop, the robot can do shopping quickly at a lower price, so________．
A．the shop has a great future
B．customers often get false goods
C．few customers go there to buy goods
D．the shop will close down soon
14．What would be the best title for the text?
A．May I Help You?
B．Welcome to Our Shop
C．Robot Shop
D．Nobody Sells Goods in the Shop
15．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．not all the work in the shop can be done by the robot
B．the robot has already taken the place of human shop assistants in Japan
C．the robot has brought great convenience to the people of Japan
D．customers are very satisfied with the robot's service
【语篇解读】本文介绍了在日本东京开设的一家完全由机器人经营的商店。

12．解析：选C细节理解题。

从第二段一、二句可得知，顾客到商店后，先拿到一支铅笔和一张纸，当选择所需商品时，将商品号码写在纸上。

13．解析：选A推理判断题。

从第二段我们可以看出，这种机器人商店适应了公众的需求，使得顾客可以通过邮件甚至国际互联网来购买商品，降低了运营成本，因此有着广阔的发展前景。

14．解析：选D标题归纳题。

文章第一段给出信息：“A shop wholly run by a robot”一个完全由机器人经营的商店。

15．解析：选A细节理解题。

根据文章最后一句可知，并非所有的工作机器人都能做。

第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

As new car prices continue to climb, you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale. Many are readily available online, but car lots and local auto auctions(拍卖)also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles. Here are the tips.
Search online
16.Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists. Private sellers may offer considerably lower prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation. You will find dealer lists on these sites as well.
Visit local auctions
Though many car auctions take place online, you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction. These auctions, available in many bigger cities, are the same ones where local dealers purchase cars for sale.17,so check with your local auto auction center to confirm.
18
Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they remove them from active service. Car rental companies frequently sell late model, relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle. For a very cheap used car, consider borrowing retired police cars and government surplus vehicles.19.
Be prepared to negotiate
20,you likely will have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price. When negotiating with a dealer, according to the financial magazine Forbes, you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month, a day with poor weather, or late at night on the weekend. Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price.
A. Consider retired vehicles
B. Ask advice from local dealers
C. These cars will help you save a lot
D. Unless you buy your used car in an auction
E. Rules can vary significantly from auction to auction
F. When you find a chance to ask about the local situation
G. Many private individuals start with online classified websites
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,作者就如何买到廉价的二手车提供了4个方面的建议。

16.G主旨概括性语句。

该段主要内容是如何在网站上寻找出售廉价二手车的车主名单,所以G 项是本段的主题句。

17.E逻辑性语句。

空格后面是结果性语句“因此,要与当地的汽车拍卖中心核实一下”,所以前面是原因性语句,即E项“拍卖会的规则都明显的不同”。

18.A主旨概括性语句。

作者在该段是劝谏我们要买一些机构中退役的汽车。

19.C逻辑性语句。

前一句的意思是“要买非常便宜的二手车,可以考虑退役的警车或政府多余的车辆”。

空格处给出原因。

20.D逻辑性语句。

由空格处后面的逗号可知,前面是从句,后面是主句,再根据常识和从句与主句的逻辑关系可知,此处要用D项表示“如果你不是在拍卖会购买二手车的话”。

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）
第一节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

More than eight years ago, I did my Wildlife Field Project in Palawan, in the southwestern part of the Philippines. It was my first trip to the island so I didn't know what to __21__. I was really excited about the whole trip but a bit __22__，too, because I had to live in a tent the whole time. I wondered if I could survive.
__23__ me on the trip were four other students and our professor. After we reached the island, our professor told us to __24__ our families because it would not be possible once we rode the bus to the camping site.
We spent our first week in Busuanga. We took a __25__ and washed our clothes in a small well in the nearby forest. Life was so simple but every day was a(n) __26__. Aside from tasting unfamiliar foods, we caught frogs and __27__ colorful birds. They were freed __28__ we took their measurements and names.
On the first day of the second week, we rode a motorboat toward our next __29__. When we arrived, I was amazed at the sight of zebras, giraffes, horses and deer that __30__ wandered around the island. I had seen them in zoos and on TV but it was __31__ seeing them in person outside the big cages and __32__. They really looked great in the wild.
We did the rest of our fieldwork that week. My partner and I __33__ data for our special problem __34__ bee­eaters (食蜂鸟). Others had their own special problems, too. We needed to __35__ very early to do the activities and continued __36__ late in the afternoon. We then analyzed the data at night. It was physically tiring but __37__．
It was so sad that we had to __38__ after eleven days. It would mean going back to reality —school. However, the memories, the things that I __39__，and the friendships that were formed were things that I would __40__ for the rest of my life.
21．A. realize B．organize C．demand D．expect
22．A. anxious B．calm C．bored D．disappointed
23．A. As for B．Ahead of C．Together with D．Far from
24．A. see B．visit C．call D．find
25．A. look B．bath C．risk D．breath
26．A. application B．solution C．performance D．challenge
27．A. raised B．bought C．killed D．trapped
28．A. since B．after C．until D．so
29．A. occasion B．destination C．celebration D．foundation
30．A. freely B．rapidly C．briefly D．eventually
31．A. popular B．serious C．frightening D．different
32．A. fences B．forests C．islands D．camps
33．A. created B．explained C．gathered D．doubted
34．A. on B．in C．for D．at
35．A. give up B．wake up C．pull up D．go up
36．A. waiting B．complaining C．watching D．working
37．A. hopeful B．clear C．fun D．beautiful
38．A. regret B．report C．leave D．move
39．A. read B．learned C．checked D．designed
40．A. compare B．measure C．change D．value
【语篇解读】本文记录了作者去野外研究野生动物时的经历。

21．解析：选D从前面的“It was my first trip to the island”可知作者对这个岛不熟悉，不知道自己会遇到什么。

22．解析：选A从后面的“I wondered if I could survive.” 可知作者在感到兴奋的同时也很担心。

23．解析：选C从后面使用人称we可知作者不是自己去的，有人与其同行。

24．解析：选C作者与同学、教授来到一个陌生的岛上，应该通过电话才能与家人联系。

25．解析：选B从后面的“in a small well”可知此处应该是指洗澡。

26．解析：选D从前面的“Life was so simple but ... ”可知此处应该填入与simple所表达的意思相反的词。

27．解析：选D从后面的“They were freed ... ” 可知此处是先捉住这些动物，之后才能放生。

28．解析：选B放生动物应该是在仔细记录它们的情况之后。

29．解析：选B作者一行人在第一个地方进行了一周的研究后，转移到下一个目的地。

30．解析：选A从后面的“seeing them in person outside the big cages ... They really looked great in the wild.”可知这些动物没有被关起来，自由自在地到处走。

31．解析：选D在野外看到动物和在动物园、电视里看到它们是不一样的。

32．解析：选A此处应该填入与cages并列的、能够限制动物的自由的词语。

33．解析：选C作者一行人来野外进行实地调查，目的是收集数据。

34．解析：选A on在此处表示“关于”。

35．解析：选B作者一行人有很多活动要进行，所以需要起早。

36．解析：选D从后面的“It was physically tiring”可知下午作者一行人也应该在工作。

37．解析：选C从转折词but可知此处应填入表示人精神愉快的词语。

38．解析：选C从后面的“It would mean going back to reality —school.”可知作者他们要离开此地了。

39．解析：选B作者一行人来此处的目的是研究、学习。

40．解析：选D从作者描述这次经历时所表现出的感情色彩可知，作者想要珍藏这些东西。

第II 卷
第II 卷
第三部分英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has once again proved its 41.(able) to change the world with the “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping.
They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation(创新),42.has improved the quality
of people’s lives, according to a survey 43.(make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said 44.university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes 45.(them)are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing
46.(base) on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high
technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested
in 47.(encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
48.is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. This is 49.(especial)true in mobile, where China is leading in many ways such as the social messaging app WeChat, she said. This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile. China has the 50.(large) mobile use in the world.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

本文主要讲了中国正用“新的四大发明”来改变世界。

41.ability考查名词。

作proved的宾语,用名词,所以填ability。

42.which考查非限制性定语从句。

“42has improved the quality of people’s lives”,作定语,修饰China’s high-tech innovation(创新),且有逗号隔开,所以“42has improved the quality of people’s lives”是一个非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,所以用which。

43.made考查非谓语动词。

make与其逻辑主语a survey之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语,填made。

44.a考查冠词。

泛指“一位大学生”,且university的首字母发音是辅音,所以填不定冠词a。

45.themselves考查反身代词。

句意:自行车它们本身不是全新的事物。

表示“它们本身”,填themselves。

46.is based考查时态和语态。

表示主语现在的状态,用一般现在时,且the operating model of bike-sharing与base on之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填is based。

47.encouraging考查固定用法。

介词in之后用v-ing形式作宾语,所以填encouraging。

48.It考查形式主语。

“that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas”是句子真正的主语,这里需要一个形式主语,所以填It。

49.especially考查副词。

修饰形容词true用副词,所以填especially。

rgest考查最高级。

中国在世界上拥有最大的手机使用量。

表示“最大的”,用最高级,所以填largest。

第四部分写作（共两节满分35）
第一节短文改错（10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Sir，
I'm writing to request a valuably chance to be one of the host families of the British students.
I'm good at English and my parents are all professors of English, so we won't have any difficulty communicate with English speakers. My father is a excellent driver and we will be very glad to show foreign students around some nearby place of interest. Last month we received from two American students. We have a wonderful time. Besides, my mother is gift in cooking, but the students will be able to enjoy delicious Chinese food. I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance make friends with them.
Looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua
答案：
第一句：valuably →valuable
第二句：all →both; communicate→communicating
第三句：a →an; place→places
第四句：去掉from
第五句：have →had
第六句：gift →gif ted; but →so/and
第七句：chance后加to
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假使你是我国某农村的一名高中生。

你们村不仅农产品丰富，而且山清水秀，景色优美，适合发展旅游业。

为吸引外商投资，帮助你村进行道路和房屋建设及农业开发，请你写一篇100词左右的文章发布在国际网站上，介绍你村状况，讲明需求和合作意向，联系邮箱为needingdeveloping@126. com。

参考词汇：合作vt. cooperate
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
_____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
I'm a senior high school student living in the countryside of China. Our village, which I love very much, is rich in all kinds of agricultural products. Our village is also surrounded with beautiful green mountains and a blue river, making it suitable for the development of tourism.
However, we need some money to build the roads and houses in our village, which are necessary for the development of tourism and our own agriculture. Anyone who wants to help us can write to needingdeveloping@126. com to ask for further information. We will be very thankful for your help and I'm sure it will benefit both you and our village if you invest money here.
We are looking forward to cooperating with you.。