虚拟语气讲解及练习(有答案)
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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
这种句子称为含蓄条件句。
例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。
根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。
其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。
如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。
如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。
如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。
如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。
如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.Their requirement that he one year's experience is reasonable.
A.had B.has
C.have D.would have
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:他们要求他有一年的工作经验是有理由的。
Requirement后边用that 引导同位语从句,从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选C。
2.The general demanded that the soldiers at the village before 5 p.m. to
rescue the victims of the earthquake.
A.will arrive B.arrive C.would arrive D.arrived
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟,动词demand引导的宾语从句,后面用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形
考点:考查虚拟
点评:虚拟是常考内容,做此类题时,需要注意先行词,如果先行词是demand/suggest或者引导宾语从句时,用虚拟语气
3.He ______ busy yesterday, or he ______ you with your experiment.
A.was; had helped B.was, would have helped
C.had been; would have D.were; would have helped
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:本题实际上考察的是or(否则,要不然)引导的含蓄的虚拟条件句。
前面句中含有yesterday这个过去时的时间状语,故使用过去时即可。
Or后面的句中要使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气would have done的形式。
句义:昨天他很忙,要不然他就会帮助你做实验了。
故B正确。
考点:考察虚拟语气
4.He is not native; if he were, we ______ this discussion over his identity.
A.would not be having B.are not having
C.had not had D.will not have
【答案】A
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
本题考查的if条件句的虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反,if 从句中使用过去时(be动词用were),主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”;句意:他不是本地人。
如果他是本地人,我们就不会讨论他的身份了。
故A正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气
点评:在条件句的虚拟语气中,如果与现在事实相反,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”,从句中使用过去时;如果与过去相反,主句中使用“情态动词+have done”,从句中使用过去完成时。
5.—It's a pity that Andrew didn't want to go to the conference.
—________ willing to go,we could have paid all his expenses.
A.Had he been B.Being
C.Was he D.He had been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
A
解析考查虚拟语气与倒装。
根据第一句中的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟,意思是“如果他愿意去,我们会支付他所有的费用”。
此处是省略了虚拟条件句中的if而引起的倒装,其正常语序应为“If he had been willing to go”。
6._________, the world would be more harmonious.
A.Weren't there any wars B.There weren't any wars
C.Were there no wars D.Had there no wars
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
根据后半句would be可知是对现在的虚拟,从句要用过去式,be动词一律用were,另本句为if条件句省略形式,要将were提到句首,同时如果条件句从句为否定,否定词应置于主语后,不能缩略为Weren't置于句首,句意:如果没有战争,世界会更和谐。
故选C
考点:考查虚拟语气
7.She wishes she ______________ to the cinema last night.
A.went B.would go
C.had gone D.were going
【答案】C
【解析】
句意:她希望她那晚去了电影院。
根据句意,可知道这里是一个虚拟句,对过去事实的一个虚拟,要用过去完成时。
考点:虚拟语气
8.The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I ______ what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.”
A.know B.knew C.have known D.had known
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
句意:沮丧的妈妈自言自语道:“如果我知道我的孩子现在在想什么就好了”if only,如果……就好了,引导的句子需用虚拟语气。
由句意可知,与现在事实相反,所以用一般过去时,故选B项。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
9.It was Mr. Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. Without his help, we ______ it so easily. A.can’t manage B.mustn’t have managed
C.couldn’t have managed D.couldn’t manage
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
根据heiped可知,是发生的事情,对过去虚拟,主句用would/could/should have done故选C
考点:考查虚拟语气
10.________ the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. A.Have they been informed of B.Were they informed of
C.Should they be informed of D.Had they been informed of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气和倒装省略。
句意:如果他们被告知了在孤岛上旅行的危险的话他们现在就不会被困了。
此题考查的是混合虚拟语气,且考查了虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合。
If条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反应该是“If they had been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,主句是与现在事实相反,可以通过时间状语“now”判断出。
依照if遇到的虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合用法可以用成“Had they bee n informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,故D项正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气和倒装省略
11.You _______ a higher score if you hadn’t repeated the same mistake. My suggestion is that _______and start all over again.
A.should have achieved; you must stay calm B.could have achieved; you stay calm C.must have achieved; you should stay calm D.will have achieved; you must stay calm
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果你没有重复同样的错误,那么,你本来能得更高的分数。
我建议你保持冷静,重新开始。
第一句考查对过去的虚拟。
条件句用过去完成时态,主句用could/would/might have done 形式。
结合句意,第一空应填“could have done”,意为“本可以(能够)做某事”。
在第二句中,主语为“the suggestion(建议)”,其后的表语从句中,谓语动词应用(should) do形式的虚拟语气,故第二空填(should) stay calm。
综上,B选项切题。
12.The officer ______ that all of them should set out at six o’clock.
A.commanded B.said
C.told D.wanted
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词。
A. commanded命令; B. said说; C. told 告诉; D. wanted想要。
根据宾语从句中的谓语动词should set out,可知答案为A。
13.I recommend the government ________ Real Cine for urban planning since it is cheaper and practical, ________ the way most urban planning is done today.
A.uses; compared to B.use; compared with
C.use; comparing to D.uses; comparing with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和非谓语。
句意:我建议政府使用Real Cine来进行城市规划,因为它与今天大多数城市规划的方法相比更便宜,更实用。
recommend表建议,其后的宾语从句要用(should)+动词原形, should可省略,所以此处用use的原形。
compared with与……相比。
14.Jane’s p ale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical exam.
A.be; should have B.was; have
C.should be; had D.was; had
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查suggest的用法:句意:Jane的苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。
第一个suggest是“表明,显示”的意思,后面的be动词视整句时态而定,为过去式。
第二个suggest是“建议”的意思,后面是一个虚拟语气,固定用法为“(should)do sth”,其中should常省略。
选B。
考点:考查suggest的用法
15.It is really strange that the girl so early.
A.has been married B.has married
C.should be married D.would marry
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:真的很奇怪这个女孩这么早结婚。
在“It is+形容词+that...”句型中,that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
故选C。
16.Li Ling acted in the party that way as if he__________the host.
A.had been B.is C.should be D.were
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查as if从句虚拟语气的用法。
句意:李岭在晚会上那样表现就好像他是主人一样。
分析句子成分可知,“as if he__________the host”为方式状语从句,根据语境,“他是主人”为客观事实相反的假设,谓语动词用一般过去时,如遇系动词则用were,故选D。
17.It’s too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I __________that programme! A.didn’t run B.haven’t run
C.hadn’t run D.wouldn’t run
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我的电脑有了新的病毒。
要是我没有用那个程序就好了。
此处与过去的事实相反,所以用过去完成时态,答案为C。
18.--- With the failure of the experiment, we have reached a dead end.
--- Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events________ first.
A.don’t happen B.didn’t happen
C.hadn’t happened D.haven’t h appened
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
上句:由于实验失败,我们已到了穷途末路。
下句:振作起来!很多好事从来不会发生,如果坏事首先没有发生的话。
此处是if引导的虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,句子用过去完成时态。
故选C。
【名师点睛】
If引导的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况,其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式( be 动词用 were ),主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。
如: If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. 如果天气好,我们就去上海。
(事实上天气不好)
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况。
其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式,主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。
如: If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做,我一定不会(不可能)犯这样的错误。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果,其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形,主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。
如: The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。
(事实上没有摔下来)
19.—The rain is coming down so hard!
—________ my umbrella th is morning, I wouldn’t be trapped here now.
A.Did I take B.Had I taken
C.Were I to take D.Would I take
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和倒装。
句意:——雨下得这么大! ——如果今天早上我拿了伞,我就不会被困在这里了。
此句是if引导的虚拟语气,从句与过去的事实相反,用过去完成态。
句中将if省略,则把助动词had提到主语前面,故答案为B。
20.If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you what to do now.
A.knew B.had known
C.would know D.would have known
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。
句意:如果你上次见他的时候和他交谈的话,你现在就
知道该做什么了。
从句描述的情况与过去事实相反,而主句描述的情况与现在事实相反,因此要用would/ could/ might/ should do,故C正确。
21.--- Why don't you buy the necklace since you like it so much?
---I___, but I don't have the money
A.would B.will
C.should D.may
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:—既然你如此喜欢这条项链,为什么不把它买下来?—我要买的,但我没有钱。
本句是一个表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,will和may不用于虚拟语气,should的意义不搭配。
句中would后面承前省略了buy it。
故A项正确。
22.______ for the fire at Notre Dame de Paris, a church famous for its large collection of art treasures, I would be there for a visit this summer vacation.
A.Had it not been B.Should it not be
C.Were it not be D.If had it not been
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略if的虚拟语气。
句意:如果不是巴黎圣母院的大火,这个以收藏大量艺术珍品而闻名的教堂,我今年暑假就会去那里参观。
此处是if引导的虚拟语气,if从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时态,且if省略则把助动词had提到主语的前面去。
故选A。
【点睛】
If引导的虚拟语气:
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+
should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
3.表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
23.He insisted that I ______ back what I said,but I insisted that my remarks ______ right. A.took; were
B.take; should be
C.should take; be
D.take; were
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词用法。
句意:他坚持要求我收回说过的话,但是我坚持认为我的话是对的。
动词insist表示“坚持认为”的时候,后面宾语从句用陈述语气;当insist表示“坚持要求做某事”的时候,后面的宾语从句使用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气。
分析句子, 结合句意可判断第一句中的insist在这里的含义为“坚持要求”, 所以后面用虚拟语气。
第二空前的insist表示“坚持认为”,后面接陈述语气。
所以选D项。
24.___________ ten years younger, I would study abroad.
A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果我年轻十岁,我就会出国留学。
此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句用一般过去时(be用were),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词,可将if省略,将were,had或should置于句首,来表达与if引导的虚拟条件句相同的意思,故C项正确。
25.I ___________ a full mark in the last listening exam if I hadn’t practiced it during the winter holiday.
A.didn’t got B.hadn’t got
C.wouldn’t get D.wouldn’t have got
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果我在寒假没有练习听力的话,我就不会在最近的听力考试中得满分。
分析句意可知,真正的事实是,我在寒假进行了听力练习,因而在听力考试中得了满分。
此句应使用虚拟语气,表示对过去事实的虚拟。
故已知从句部分使用过去完成时的否定形式表达虚拟(hadn’t practiced),主句应使用过去将来完成时(would have done)表达虚拟,且结合句意应使用否定形式,故选D。
26.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A.speak B.spoke C.will speak D.to speak
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我得立刻跟威廉先生说话,这很重要。
在It’s
+strange\necessary\important\vital…+that从句这个句式中,that从句的谓语动词要用should do,should可以省略。
故选A。
27.On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department advised that the problems ________ paid special attention to.
A.referred to being B.referred to be C.refer to being D.refer to be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。
句意:在艾滋病日,卫生部长建议提到的的这些问题都要被特别关注。
分析句子可知,refer to作后置定语修饰the problems ,the problems和refer to 是被动关系,要用过去分词形式;因为主句的谓语动词是advise,宾语从句用虚拟语气,符合(should)do sth.的结构,should可以省略,其后the problems和pay attention to是被动关系,be动词用原形。
故选B项。
28.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I_________as well as her at last party.
A.dance B.will dance C.had danced D.danced
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:埃伦是个出色的舞者,我多么希望我在上次的舞会上能跳得和她一样好。
根据上文wish(动词)可知I______as well as her at last party.做wish 的宾语,是宾语从句。
结合宾语从句意思可知句中表达了说话者的一种不大可能实现的愿望,应用虚拟语气;根据句中“at last party(上次舞会)”可知,是对过去情况的虚拟,wish 后的宾语从句对过去的虚拟要使用过去完成时had done。
故选C。
【点睛】
wish后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气,对过去情况的虚拟,谓语动词用过去完成时had done;对现在情况的虚拟,谓语动词用过去式;对将来情况的虚拟,谓语动词用
would/could/might +动词原形。
29.You are always sleeping in class. I'd rather you__________my class.
A.are not attending B.were not attending C.won't attend D.not attend
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:你总是在课堂上睡觉。
我宁愿你没来听我的课。
would rather后接从句时,从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示“现在或将来的愿望”时通常使用一般过去时态,结合语境和选项,只有B项符合,选B。
30.The director commanded that everyone ________his advice.
A.must follow B.followed
C.had followed D.follow
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。
command后跟的从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should+)do。
故选D。
【名师点睛】
command 及物动词 vt. 命令,command 后跟that 宾语从句, that 后一般是sb. +(should)+动词原形,是虚拟语气。
I command that he go at once. 我命令他立即就去。
本题考查command后跟宾语从句的用法。
command后跟的从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should+)do。
故选D。