赛达阅读修辞

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赛达阅读修辞
1.生动形象的Simile(明喻)
Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit
有天资而无学识,好比树木不结果实
(as)cool as cucumber 泰然自若
(as)strong as a horse 健壮如牛
Like a duck to water 如鱼得水
Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers
明智的表扬对于孩子的作用,就像阳光对于花朵的作用What blood vessels are to a man`s body, that railways are to the country
铁路对于一个国家的作用正如血管对于人体的作用Truth and roses have thorns about them
真理如玫瑰,全身都带刺
2.含而不露的Metaphor(隐喻)
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested…
一些书浅尝即可,另一些书却要囫囵吞下,只有少数的书才值得咀嚼和消化。

Money is a bottomless sea, in which honour, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
金钱是无底的海洋,荣誉,良心和真理都可以淹没在其中
3.变无灵为有灵的Personification(拟人)
Time is like a fashionable host, that slightly shakes his passing guest by the hand; and with his arms stretched, as he would fly ,grasps in the comer. The welcomes ever smile, and farewell goes out sighing William Shakespeare
时间正像一个趋炎附势的主人,对于一个要离去的客人不过和他略微握一握手,对于一个新来的客人,却伸开了双臂,飞也似的过去
抱住他。

欢迎是永远含笑的,告别总是带着叹息
4.结构精巧的transferred epithet(移就)
特点:把本应该用来描述甲事物性质状态的定语去形容乙事物,而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。

Everybody says she is an angel of a woman
大家都说她是个美如天仙的女人
5.蕴含新意的synecdoche(提喻)
This young man is very clever; he may be another Edison
这个年轻人很聪明,他可能成为另一个爱迪生
He is not the man who lets his heart rule his head
他不是那种让感情控制理智的人
6.明抑暗扬的understatement(低调陈述)
用反说代替正说
If Saddam Hussein goes out of power, no tear is to be shed 如果萨达姆侯赛因下台,我们不会为之落泪
It was no small feat to harness the energies of an entire nation for a united show of hospitality and good will for visitors from around the world
把整个国家的能量调动起来,对来自世界各地的访问者表现出一致的好客和友好,这不是小事情
--Do you think all the programs are good?
--Some of the programs are interesting. But others could be better
你认为所有的节目都很好吗?
其中一些节目很有趣,其他的一些节目可以演的更好些
7.闪烁其词的euphemism(委婉)
职业:对职业美化几乎成了西方社会的一种文明,于是对各种工作的美称竞相媲美。

janitor是房屋管理员,美称custodian或maintenance engineer(维修工程师);
对园林工人称gardener会不高兴,应称为landscape-architect (风景建筑师);
修树剪枝的工人要称为tree-surgeon(树木手术师);
称垃圾工人为garbage collector 或dustman太刺耳,便尊称sanitation engineer(卫生工程师)。

管工plumber成了pipe engineer(管道工程师)或heatingengineer(水暖工程师),
修理电话的技工telephone engineer(电话工程师),
连rat catcher(灭鼠工人)也称extermination engineer (除害工程师),
hairdresser(理发师)称beautician(美容师)或cosmetologist(美容专家)。

连没有任何职业的housewife,现在也自称为housemaker,甚至household executive(家政委员)
He was both out of pocket and out of spirits by that catastrophe, failed in his health and prophesied the speedy ruin of the empire
经过这次灾难,他手头拮据,总无精打采,身体也不好,时常预言大英帝国不久会垮台。

(作者用out of pocket委婉的代替poor这一羞于启齿之词)
8.强化语意的hyperbole(夸张)
And I will love thee still, my dear.
Till a`the seas gang dry.
Till a`the seas gang dry, my dear
And the rocks melt wi`the sun
While the sands o`life shall run
亲爱的,我将永远爱你
直到海水全部枯竭
直到海水全部枯竭呀,亲爱的
太阳融化了岩石
亲爱的,我将永远爱你
只要我还有一息
Polly,I love you,you are t he whole world to me , and the moon and the stars and the constellation of out space
9.含蓄典雅的allusion(引喻)
I have nourished a viper in my bosom!
我厚待了一个忘恩负义的人。

You want your pound of flesh, don`t you ?
你要逼债,是吗?
Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production.
这正是资本主义生产易受伤害的地方,它的阿基里斯之踵
It (book) is a vehicle of learning and enlightenment, an open sesame to countless joys and sorrows
它(书籍)是传播知识,启迪智慧的工具,是开启无穷无尽的欢乐和悲愁之门的秘诀
的阿里巴巴和四十大盗。

只要口念Open sesame(芝麻开门),有宝藏的石门就会打开,喻指秘诀
I never believe until then that any meal could defeat me, but on that day I met my Waterloo
那以前,我从不相信我会被食物难到,但那天我却遭到了惨败
Waterloo是比利时小镇滑铁卢,1815年拿破仑在此地大败,故met my Waterloo 表示:遭到惨败,受到沉重打击
Every man has in himself a continent of undiscovered character. Happy is he who acts the Columbus to his own soul 每个人身上都有一块为被发现个性的大陆。

谁能做自己灵魂的哥伦布,谁就是幸福的
10.相映相衬的antithesis(对照)
Conceit
Speech is silver,silence is golden
雄辩是银,沉默是金
Men makes houses,women make homes
男人造屋,女人理家
Penny wise,pound foolish
小事聪明大事糊涂
And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your
your country.
由此,我的同胞,不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么
An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity, a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.
乐观的人在灾难中看到希望,悲观的人在希望中看到灾难
11.排迭匀称的parallelism(平行)
I praise God for you, sir : your reasons at dinner have been sharp and sententious: pleasant without scurrility , witty without affection, audacious without impudence, learned without opinion , and strange without heresy
先生,我为了您赞美上帝。

您在宴会上这一番议论,的确是犀利,风趣而不俚俗,机智而不做作,大胆而不轻率,渊博而不固执,新奇而不乖僻
And raising good cotton, riding well ,shooting straight, dancing lightly, squiring the ladies with elegance and carrying one`s liqur like a gentlema n were the things that mattered 棉花要种的旺,马要骑的好,枪要打的准,舞要跳的轻松,女人要追的雅致,酒要喝的恰到好处,这些事情才是他们真正关心的
12.发人深思的paradox 隽语
War is peace .Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength 战争就是和平,自由就是奴役,无知就是力量
The child is father of the man
孩子是成人的父亲
The Champ You Love to Hate
你为了爱而恨得冠军I hate myself for loving u
13.既矛盾又统一oxymoron(矛盾修饰)
a thunderous silence(此时)无声胜有声
a mercifully fatal blow 仁慈为怀的致命打击
I like a smuggler .He is the only honest thief
我喜欢走私者,唯有他们才是诚实的贼
《为了忘却的纪念》鲁迅
城管是合法的强盗。

14.妙趣横生的anticlimax(突降)
The kaiser was forced to flee to Holland where he lived out his remaining 23 years, ―unwept, unhonoured, and unhung‖这位皇帝被迫逃亡荷兰,在那儿他度过了23年余生,“没有哭泣,没有荣耀,也没有上绞架”
15.一唱三叹的repetition(重复)
Arise,Arise,Arise….
With this faith we will be able to work together ,to pray together ,to struggle together ,to go to jail together ,to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day 马丁路德金
怀着这个信念,我们就能一同工作,一同祈祷,一同斗争,一同入狱,一同争取自由,因为我们知道,终有一天我们将获得自由
16.音律优美的alliteration(头韵)
Spare the rod, and spoil the child(Proverb)
孩子不大不成器(玉不琢不成器)
Live and learn 活到老学到老
Money makes the mare go 有钱能使鬼推磨
Time and tide waits for no man 岁月不待人
Care killed a cat 忧虑伤身curiosity kills cat
Don`t let your eyelids let you down 别让你的眼睑使你难堪
Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》
Safe and sound 平平安安
17.一语两意的pun(双关)
An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for
大使是为了本国利益而在国外撒谎(或居住)的诚实人House小写房子大写众议院
18.冷嘲热讽的Irony(反语)
What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!—they let the paupers to sleep
他们竟允许穷人睡觉!这是多么高尚的例证,证明他那心目中最喜爱的国家的法律多么仁慈
We are lucky. It`s the other side on the thirteenth of December. That makes us feel real good
我们很幸运,12月13日到达彼岸,那使我们觉得真愉快13是不吉利的数字,在这一天作者随部队到达太平洋的彼岸—越南作战,这是倒霉的事情说成幸运,本来命运未卜,恐慌不安,对将来发生的事十分害怕,却说成真愉快,用反语自嘲
19.趣味盎然的parody(仿拟)
Home is where the computer is 家是计算机之所
A woman`s place is in the House(home).
To Lie or Not to Lie ----The Doctor`s Dilemma
撒谎不撒谎—医生的难题
20. 化腐朽为神奇的zeugma轭式搭配
To make flying more comfortable, we went to great
为了使飞行更加舒适,我们不遗余力—而且业务广泛。

后者为非自然搭配,是为了迎合前面。

21. 别具一格的palindrome 回文
No X(谜) in Nixon.
Madam, I am adam.
亚当当年在伊甸园初次见到夏娃时自我介绍用的话。

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