专四语法考点-非谓语动词资料
专四练习之语法2(非谓语动词,独立结构、悬垂结构)解读
2. 非谓语动词作宾语
1.to do 和doing可作宾语，done不行 To do 表未完成或未发生，doing表已完成或已 发生。 1）接to do的动词：afford/agree/aim/apply arrange/ ask/ beg/ choose/ claim/ dare/ decide/ decline/ demand/ desire/ determine/ expect/ fail/ guarantee/ hope/ manage/ offer/ ought / plan/ prepare/ presume/ pretend/ proceed/ promise/ refuse/ request/ resolve/ seek/ strive/ swear/ threaten/ undertake/ volunteer/ wish 等
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表 一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
I. 非谓语动词
专四语法(非谓语动词)解读
(4) 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表 示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的 逻辑主语则由of引导： absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.
• 真题示例：“The man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawyer” has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT • A. the man who has prepared the documents • B. the man who has been preparing the documents. • C. the man who is preparing the documents • D. the man who will prepare the documents
真题演练
• 1. It is not uncommon for there ____ problem of communication between the old and the young. • A. being B. would be C. be D. to be • 2. _____ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate. • A. Looking B. Looked • C. Being looked D. To look • 3. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ___ the spoil ones. • A. not counting B. not to count • C. don’t count D. having not counted
专四必考语法第6讲非谓语动词
Gerund 动名词，非谓语动词英语中，不作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其它语法功能的v ，叫非谓语动词，它不受主语人称、数等因素的限定，又被称作非限定动词。
三大非谓语动词：动名词，分词和不定式。
动名词的语法功能1. 作主语Seeing is believing.Listening to music is one of my hobbies.Studying abroad has many advantages.Getting to know the world is what the future society requires of us.习惯用法A. It is no use / good/harm+Ving. It is no use quarreling with her. It's no use crying over thespilt milk.B. There is no+Ving. There is no denying (the fact) that women are playing an important role inthe world today.There is no joking about this matter. 这事开不得玩笑。
2. 作表语My favorite pastime is collecting stamps.Her hobby is swimming and cycling.One of the good virtues of a young person is being punctual.My job is teaching.One of the most difficult tasks you may encounter is learning a foreign language.3. 作动词宾语She enjoys listening to rock music.We appreciate your offering to help.We must avoid making such mistakes again.People who like travelling have their reasons.跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase:admit, appreciate, avoid, confess to, consider, delay, deny, endure(忍耐), enjoy, escape,excuse, fancy(想象), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice,risk, can't help, feel like, give up, keep out, object to (反对), oppose, put off(推迟).注意：动名词作宾语后面带有补语，一般不用形式宾语it。
专四语法非谓语动词
English and recognize how it is used.
(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语， 相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： ambition to do “干……的雄心” →be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” curiosity to do “对……的好奇心” →be curious to do“对……好奇” ability to do“做……的能力” →able to do“有能力做……”
2.不定式做宾语 掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear,
the door, only to find it locked.
The three men tried many times to sneak across the
border into the neighbouring country, only to be captured by the police each time.(99年)
changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place...)
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave...)
四级语法讲座2：非谓语动词
分词作状语与独立主格结构
要注意区分分词作状语与独立主格结构，前者的逻辑 主语是与句子的主语是一致的，而后者有自己的主语， 即分词的前面有名词/代词，否则句子的意义就不通。 如： Getting dark, I left in a hurry. 这是个错句。正确的形式是在分词前加上它的主语it. 再如： Stepping on the platform, the audience gave John a thunderous applause. 这个句子的真正意思是想说：当John登上舞台的时候， 观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。正确的说法应是： Stepping on the platform, John received/was given a thunderous applause.
语态
1. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______to the nation. （96/6/24） 【D】 A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 2. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self--restraint as if I were the one ______. 【D】 （96/6/28） A) to correct B) correcting C) having corrected D) being corrected 3. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ______ in 【B】 Cuba. （00/1/45） A) having cultivated B) being cultivated C) been cultivated D) cultivating
英语专四语法总结—非谓语动词的其他考点【卧龙雪痕】
英语专四语法总结—非谓语动词的其他考点【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外国语学院】非谓语动词的其他考点1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法mean to do想要(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事) go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2.不定式的习惯用法句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。
如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.3.动名词的习惯用法句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I know it isn’t important but I can’t help thinking about it. There is no use crying over spilt milk.Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.4.there be 非谓语动词的用法(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的持续要求。
专四语法2：非谓语动词
4. 表示不可避免将要发生的事。 e.g. They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.
5. 用于条件从句，表示如果……想，设想 （相当于if…should, 或if…want）。 e.g. If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up.
I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother's illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993--54) A. am to have finished B. was to have finished C. was to finish D. ought to finish 答案：B
The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel____. (1998--49) A. to stay B. is to stay C. to stay at D. is for staying
答案：C
不定式的特殊句型
1. such as to, such…as to, so…as to表程度 His story was such as to deceive everyone. It was such an accident as to claim 20 lives. Who could be so mean as to do a thing like that?
I intended to have come to see you. (我本打 算来看你的) He was to have fetched you here．他本该去 把你带来的。 She has to have passed Advanced Level in two subjects before she goes to university. (必先通过……，才能) You are lucky to have won the girl’s heart．(You have won．．．)
英语专业四级语法重点汇总【杨顺国】
英语专四语法重点汇总一.非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the usefulinstruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：It’s no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.一、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。
3英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-非谓语动词
真题
• I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother's illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993--54) • A. am to have finished • B. was to have finished • C. was to finish • D. ought to finish
不定式的完成式
• 1. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, wanted, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过 去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待等。也可 用来表示先于谓语动词发生动作或状态，to have +过去分词表示动作，to have been表 示状态。
• e.g. Please show me how to do that.(做宾语)
• e.g. When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. （做主语）
• e.g. The problem is how to get there in time.（做表语）
C
练习
• 1. The Vikings are believed______ America. • A. to have discovered B. in discovering • C. to discover D. to have been discovered • 2. The students were to_____ at the auditorium before 1:30 p. m. , but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute. • A. assembled B. have assembled • C. assembling D. be assembled • 3. He was to____ the new ambassador, but he fell ill. • A. having telephoned B. have telephoned • C. has telephoned D. telephoning
专四练习之语法(非谓语动词,独立结构)
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如： 1）The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. 2）Good-bye said,he went home.
With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep.
With book in hand
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
短语
(作逻辑主语)
(作逻辑谓语)
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词 等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词；
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表
一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
真题演练（2004）
The Minister of Finance is believed____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.
Consider/ decide/ know/ explain /forget/ learn/ remember/ tell/ wonder
真题演练（1993）
I never regretted_______ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.
四级语法重点—非谓语动词
四级语法重点—非谓语动词1.1 不定式和动名词作动词的宾语(1)注意那些只接动名词不接不定式作宾语的动词,它们是：acknowledge, advise, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, consider, avoid, confess, defer,delay, deny, enjoy, escape, fancy, forbid, favour, finish,(can't) help ,imagine , miss, mind, practise , permit , resist , risk, suggest等，例如：People appreciate _____ with him because he has a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have workedC) working D) having working因为他很有幽默感,所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。
（98.1-37, C 对）I appreciate to your home.A）to be invited C）having invitedB）to have invited D）being invited感谢你邀请我到你家。
（91.6-51，D对）The teacher doesn't permit in class.A）smoke C）smokingB）to smoke D）to have a smoke教师不允许在教室里抽烟。
（91.6-49，C对）Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A）having been fined C）to be finedB）to have been fined D）being fined每当马克违反交通规则时，常常企图逃避罚款处分。
TEM4语法—Unit 1 非谓语动词
Unit 1 非谓语动词非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语（但可以和情态动词或助动词一起充当谓语），它们不受主语的限定，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等（除谓语外的其他各种成分）。
同时非限定动词也保留了动词的部分特征，有时态和语态的变化，也可以有自己的宾语、表语、状语等，构成非限定动词短语，在逻辑意义上也有其动作的执行者或承受者，叫非限定动词的逻辑主语(Logical Subjects)。
在历年的专四考试中，非谓语动词的考查占了相当大的比重。
1.非谓语动词做主语：（1）不定式和动名词在句中可以做主语，分词不可以。
（2）不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的动作。
eg: Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体) （3）不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语，但在含有no, -lese等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。
eg: It is useless talking with her.It is no good discussing with her.（4）如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两种应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。
eg: To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.（5）非谓语动词的否定式是直接在非谓语动词前加noteg: Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.2.非谓语动词作宾语：（1）不定式和动名词在句中可以做宾语，分词不可以。
二者的区别在于：前者往往表示“未完成的”或者“未发生的动作”，而后者则表示“已完成的”或“已发生的”动作。
专四语法(非谓语动词)-40页文档资料
B. 有些动词后只能接不定式，如： afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, claim, determine, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, intend, long, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, request, resolve, tend, venture, volunteer, etc.
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
[D]【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语 动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因 此可以直接排除[A]和[C]。动名词和不定式都可以
作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式
表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实， 应用动名词形式，所以[D]正确。
词却不可以。
A. 有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon, acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify,
C. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词， 如：love, like, hate, begin, start, etc. 这时，二 者的差别不大，主要在于：不定式一般表 示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一 般或抽象的多次动作。如：
I like getting up early. 我喜欢早起。（一种 生活习惯）
3英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-非谓语动词
B
不定式时态
• 不定式的进行式 • 1. 不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作在 主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进 行。 • e.g. He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.
Compare the two sentences:
He is said to write a preface to the book. (He will write) He is said to be writing a preface to the book. (He is writing)
B
动词＋疑问句+带to的不定式
• 用于此结构的常见动词：advise consider decide discuss explain find out forget hear inquire know learn regard remember see settle show teach tell think understand wonder
真题
• The Minister of Finance is believed _____of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004--48) • A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking • C. that he is to think D. to think
真题
• I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother's illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993--54) • A. am to have finished • B. was to have finished • C. was to finish • D. ought to finish
专四语法之非谓语动词.PPT
1
语态 时态 一般
非谓语动词的时态和语态 被 动
不定式
to be done
动名词 being done Having been done
现在分词 过去分词 being done
Having been done
完成
to have been done
注意： 过去分词无所谓主动和被动式，有且只有一般式done。
Attention！
there be 结构作介词宾语时为动名词形式 there being, 但在介词 for 之后的宾语必须用不定式 there to be。 I never dreamed of there being such a good chance. What’s the chance of there being a general election this year? It was too late for there to be any open shops.
专四语法复习之非谓语动词
谓语动词形式？非谓语动词形式？
teaches teaching will teach having taught was taught are teaching to teach teach
非 谓 语 动 词
不定式 (to) + v 动名词 v-ing
public, the star wore a pair of sunglasses.
非谓语动词的否定式为 not ＋ 非谓语动词
3
非谓语动词在句中作什么成分？
主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语
动名 词 现在 分词 不定 式 过去 分词
√
×
√
√பைடு நூலகம்
专四系列非谓语动词
既能用不定式，又能用动名词的单词： begin, start, continue, afford, propose, cease等 ⊙不定式表示具体一次动作；动名词表示一贯爱 好：hate, love, like, prefer ⊙ 用动名词以主动表示被动： want, need, require The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. The dininghall wants cleaning. = The dininghall wants to be cleaned.
amused encouraged disappointed excited puzzled satisfied tired pleased astonished
区别非谓语动词作表语： Their job is building houses. (动名 词） Their work is to build another bridge across the river. （不定式） The novel is very interesting （现在 分词） and we are all interested(过 去分词） in it.Biblioteka 作主语1.句型上的不同
1）不定式适用的句型： A. It is+ adj. for sb. to do sth. easy, difficult, important, necessary B. It is+ adj. of sb. to do sth. kind, nice, clever, foolish, right, wrong,careless, considerate, rude, impolite C. It is +n. to do
专四语法考点串讲之三 非谓语动词
• I have a lot of homework to do. • We were waiting for the door to be opened. • .
• 完成式 •
to have done to have been done 分词动作比谓语动作的发生早
• •
eg. I'm sorry to have lost your key. I am happy for the article to have been finished in time.
• 注意：why +动词原形或not+动词原形。
• •
。Why
make so much noise 为什么发出这么大的噪音？ Why not join us 为什么不加入我们？
• 3. It is + 形容词 + for of sb + to do 结构 • Eg. It's kind of you to think so much of us. • 难为你这么为我们着想.
用完成式。
Eg. Having done his homework, he began to watch TV. • • Having heard this, the woman expressed her satisfaction
考点四：不定式做状语四结果三目的 （必备）
• 一、不定式表结果 • 1） so(such) ... as to do 如此…以便（表结果） • Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 把你的自 行车借给我好吗？ • 2） enough to do • He didn‘t run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。 • 3） too ... to do • His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. • 4）only to不料(却)……,结果(却)……",表示坏的结果 • I went to shopping, only to find it was closed.
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-非谓语动词84页PPT
谢谢！
36、自己的鞋子，自己知道紧在哪里。——西班牙
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-非谓语动 词
1、纪律是管理关系的形式。——阿法 纳西耶 夫 2、改革如果不讲纪律，就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练，不是通过语言影响 ，而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为， 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
37、我们唯一不会改正的缺点是软弱。——拉罗什福科
xiexie! 38、我这个人走得很慢，但是我从不后退。——亚伯拉罕·林肯
39、勿问成功的秘诀为何，且尽全力做你应该做的事吧。——美华纳
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
40、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。——孔子
专四之非谓语动词
2. It’s no usetaktainkge this kind of medicine.
2. The film is so momvoevdin.g 表语
3. I couldn’t help ccryriyngwhen I heard the bad
news.
宾语
4. I heard the girl ssuinnggingin the classroom. 宾补
句子成分
3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成
Can you speak French? We must be careful.
4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以 直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后
加介词再跟宾语
We depend on ourselves,
not others.
第3页，共70页，编辑于2022年，星期五
films. I want to see some interesting第18页，共70页，编辑于2022年，星期五
1. 4. When he was walking in the street, he saw one of his old friend.
--(when)Walking in the street, he saw one of
1. When we see from the hill, we find
the town beautiful.
2. Seeing from the hill, we find the
town beautiful.
第10页，共70页，编辑于2022年，星期五
千万要注意 V-ing形式的 规则哟！
1. 不能单独作谓语
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专四语法考点-非谓语动词专四语法考点：非谓语动词考点1：不定式专四题中对于不定式用法的考察比较少，特别是近些年的考题几乎已经不考了。
以前的考点基本集中在：(1)考察哪些动词接不定式；(2)考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；1) can’t help/choose but do不得不,只能,不禁2) why not do sth1. ________him tomorrow?2001A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on3) would do rather than do1.She said she would work it out herself,________ ask me for help.1993A.and not toB.but notC.and prefer notD.rather than(3)考察短语"be believed/said to do sth"的用法；1. The Minister of Finance is believed ________ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.2004A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think2. AIDS is said________the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been3. Professor Johnson is said ________some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make(4)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式to be doing,完成式to have done;一般式被动语态to be done;完成式被动语态to have been done。
另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；考点2：动名词（1）常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险), resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议)1. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid________. 1996A. from being beatenB. being beatenC. beatingD. to be beaten2. He resented ________to wait. He expected the minister _to see_____ him at once.1995A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing3.I never regretted ________ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.1993A.not to acceptB.not having acceptedC.having not acceptedD.not accepting（2）介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing阻止…做…；spend/waste time /money in doing在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how /what about doing sth做…怎么样了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing在…方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的)；Thank / admire/praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人1. What a nice day! How about the three of us ________ a walk in the park nearby?2009A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking2. Though her father never approved of ________ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991A. goingB. her to goC. her goingD. her go（3）接动名词做介词to的宾语：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to对…让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于1. What’s the chance of _________ a general election this year?2005A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be2. The meeting was put off because we ________ a meeting without John.2005A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having考点3：分词（1）从语态上看，现在分词一般都表示主动，而过去分词一般表示被动；（2）从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。
如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。
（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。
1. ________ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010/2001A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall2. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009A. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who will prepare the documents...记住动名词不表示将来时态，所以will 等词一道的是不正确的3.________ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2007/2000A. LookingB. lookedC. Being lookedD. to look4. If not ________ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treated5.________, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the match6. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals ________ in Africa. 1996A. huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted7. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanshi p of the society,________insufficiently poplar with all members.1996A. having consideredB. was consideredC. was being consideredD. being considered8. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder________ out and three men climbing down it. 1995A. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having beenthrown9. This missile is designed so that once ________,nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired10. Arriving at the bus stop, _________waiting there.1994A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found11. ___________ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.1994A. Not receivedB. Since receivingC. Having receivedD. Not having received12. ___________, he was chosen and trained as a professional swimmer. (1991)A. He was born and raised in a fishing villageB. Born and raised in a fishing villageC. That he was born and raised in a fishing villageD. In addition to he was born and raised in a fishing village13. ___________ their luggage , the group of tourists hurried to the airport.1991A. PackedB. After packedC. Finished packingD. Having packed14. The mother was afraid to let the boy__________ the tree.1990A. to risk climbingB. risk climbingC. to risk to climbD. risk to climb15. Mr. Brown had the report ________ as soon as hefinished___________ it.1990A. to be typed, to writeB. typed, to writeC. being typed, writingD. typed, writing考点4：独立主格（句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。