状语专项训练

状语专项训练
状语的定义：英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。

状语的功用：用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语的构成：状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式、状语从句，以及相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

一、副词作状语
副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

（1）地点（方位）副词和方式副词
I remember having seen him somewhere.
She didn’t explain her theory clearly.
（2）时间副词
I was very busy yesterday.
They recently had an accident.
We have had no news from her yet.
（3）频度副词
You must always bear this in mind.
She is seldom ill.
（4）程度副词
He speaks English very well.
I don’t quite agree with you.
He didn’t work hard enough.
二、不定式作状语
（1）表示目的
To test his idea, they recruited 276 healthy volunteers raging in age from 18 to 55.
If you have a sedentary job, you really need to exercise to maintain your bones.
（2）表示原因
The students were wild with joy to hear of your success.
She burst into tears to hear the news.
（3）表示结果
He went to the small island only to do nothing.
The old man came back from abroad to find that his hometown had greatly changed.
翻译：
1. He ran so fast _______________________________________. （以便赶上第一班车。

）
2. when I passed by，_________________________________. （她假装没看见。

）
3. He is too excited ____________________________________. (以至于说不出话来。

)
三、介词短语作状语
（1）介词短语作状语，用来修饰动词。

We live quite near my office.（地点）
Who knows what will happen in the future? （时间）
The sewing machine is worked by foot.（方式）
We’re waiting for them to arrive for lunch.（目的）
He worked himself to death.（结果）
He is so useful to me that I can’t do without him.（条件）
With all your faults, I still like you.（让步）
He lay on his bed with the sunlight falling on his face.（伴随状语）
I don’t believe in dream.（范畴）
What country do you come from?（来源）
（2）介词短语作状语，用来修饰形容词。

He was not conscious of my presence in the room.
I am not interested in doing business with that firm.
（3）介词短语作状语，修饰副词（比较少用）。

John is now somewhere on the high seas, and we wish him a pleasant holiday.
Do you live here in Middle Town, Mr. John?
（4）介词短语作状语，修饰整个句子。

On the whole, Jack has been a good friend.
4. The game was postponed_____________________________________ . (因为下雨。

)
5. He ran ________________________________________________ . (他跑去避雨。

)
6. _____________________________ would you trust them? (你对他们信任程度如何？)
四、分词作状语
分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。

（1）表示时间、地点
When (it is) completed, the canal will connect the river with the lake.
The graduates say they will go wherever (they are) needed.
（2）表示原因
Fearing that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.
Scolded by the teacher, the girl felt unfair.
（3）表示条件
(If they are) Coated with sugar, bananas will taste better.
(If I had been) Given more time, I would have done much better.
（4）表示让步
Even if (I were) invited, I wouldn’t go.
Though (they were) defeated again and again, they went on fighting.
（5）表示伴随
He ran out of the room shouting.
He stared at me, (he was) astonished.
注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。

如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。

7. ______________________________ , I can also work out this problem. (再给我一个小时，)
8. ________________________________________, the book looks old. (由于用了很长时间，)
9. __________________________________________, I find it useful. (在使用本书的过程中，)
五、从句作状语（状语从句）
状语从句指句子用作状语，起副词作用的句子。

它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

分类：根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。

从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

（1）时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no so oner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
No sooner had I arrived home, than it began to rain.
（2）地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
（3）原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
（4）目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
（5）结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, such … that
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
（6）条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
（7）让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，
no matter …，in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however,
whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
（8）比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …，so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y;
no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
（9）方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
10. I will call you ______________________________ . (我一到那里。

)
11. _______ ________________________ , the air is cooler. (因为下过雨,)
12. Say it louder ________________________ . (以便大家都能听到你。

)
13. He’s ________________ . (他是这样好的人，我们不能怪他。

)
14. , he always thinks I’m wrong. (无论我说什么或怎么说，)
15. He looks _________________________________________ . (他那样子就像被雷击了似的) (注意：与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气)
Multiple Choices:
1. Tell him ______ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _____ .
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be seated
D. be sat on
3. _____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed
4. There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
5. _______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating
B. To be heated
C. Heated
D. Heat
6. If you tooth hurts _______, take an aspirin or two.
A. bad
B. worse
C. badly
D. worst
7. _______ Shakespeare was well-know for being a brilliant conversationalist.
A. Through the time
B. With his life
C. Since then
D. During his lifetime
8. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day.
A. ever since
B. even if
C. soon after
D. in case
9. Peter was so excited ______ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A. where
B. that
C. why
D. when
10. He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work.
A. when
B. before
C. since
D. that
Translations:
1. as to catch the first bus
2. She pretended not to see me
3. to speak
4. because of rain
5. for shelter
6. To what extent
7. Given another hour
8. Used for a long time
9. Using the book 10. as soon as I arrived there 11. As rain has fallen 12. so that everyone can hear you 13. such a good person that we mustn’t blame him 14. No matter what I say or how I say it 15. as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting
Multiple choices:
1---5: BBBBC 6---10: CDDDB。