外文及翻译-为作战人员装备网络中心战系统

Equipment, network-centric warfare systems for the war fighter[America] David HardistyAbstract：from the point of view of information connectivity technology means discussed the importance of hardware support for network-centric warfare, pointed out the problems in this regard, the final proposed improvement measures. Key words：The U.S. Military Transformation Military theoryNetwork Centric Warfare一、the issues filedAbout the network-centric warfare and the Navy is developing the FORCE net reported overwhelming, one might think the Navy is rapidly developed into a perfect design, closely linked to the troops: it has a seamless data access through appropriate command and control sensor linked with our existing large number of weapons systems. However, at least in the near future, the situation is not the case. Navy in the network-centric warfare concepts to being used or in the development of weapons and sensors have not made significant progress. This is especially true in naval aviation. We are still the same platform centric warfare to the procurement and development of weapons systems.Effective implementation of network-centric warfare, and use it to our tactical forces skillfully linking, we must re-group. Anti-chain sequence - be carefully checked each task in the field of detection, decision-making, attack assessment, to determine information exchange requirements for that mission area between the platforms. Regrouping must combat personnel connected with the development and connection of our system of technical experts together. The only way we can achieve combat systems, combat the simultaneous development of the theory, and benefit from a network-centric warfare.Conceptually, the Navy has been using the network-centric warfare. "Naval Transformation Roadmap" to tomorrow's Navy Marine Corps team portrayed as the "network connection, the joint integration of sea-based force projection forces". In order to implement the network-centric warfare, emphasizing the human factor, the Navy'sFORCE net concept of "sensor networks, weapons, decision-support tools and soldiers from the seabed to space" connected together to provide faster decision-making at all levels of command authorities and decision-making accuracy. In order to implement the network-centric warfare and the establishment of the FORCE net, the Navy is to make efforts, including the introduction and use of sea-based systems of the 21st century IT. These are mainly web-based, although they significantly improve the operations of the General Staff bodies and surface platform, but virtually no contact with the Naval Air Force.In the United States Navy, was commended for a common operational picture in the navy Global Command and Control system, and coordinated operations through which troops can conduct its own, but it is only from the tactical data link one-way passive feedback. Common operational picture contains information from other sources can not automatically be "extended", not even by "link an l6 data link to the way transmission of digital tactical platform. There is no such information to "extend", if not transmitted by voice, not able to important tactical information to the sensors and weapons combat platforms, it can not hit the target. The preparation of the implementation of network-centric warfare there is a huge gap, thus impeding the naval network-centric warfare to achieve its intended goals.The development of a joint network of fire is another important action of the network-centric warfare, designed to address the serious shortage exists in the positioning and the fight against fast moving targets, time-sensitive. Joint network of fire in the intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance management and carrier-based target selection and combat, command and control function integration has made remarkable progress, but it can quickly crack down on weapons systems can be a moving target engagement information capacity is limited the.Led by the Marine Combat Development Command, Navy experiments, focused on network-centric warfare, time-sensitive targeting and real-time to combat. Fleet battle experiments are to develop and test the concept of network of fire, which indicates that the current structure for the deployment of a joint network of fire combat advantage. Theexperiment to promote on how to speed up the time-sensitive targeting and real-time understanding of the strike, but with the actual weapon system integration, there are weak links. India in the Fleet Battle Experiment, the target information is transmitted through the infrequently carry the AN/AWW-l3 of "walleye" data link pod is left blank attack fighter. Naval combat and Air Warfare Center strongly demand that all aircraft with a joint network of fire aircraft link, not just those who carry pods and in a small number of aircraft within the Zhimiao line. The center also require future experiments the joint network of fire BVR capability of future data link with the Naval Air Force, that "link a l6" data link connection. Unfortunately, the Naval Combat Development Command did not pay enough attention to l6 "Connection" link a data link. 'Juliet Fleet Battle Experiment (2002), the joint network of fire connected to the data link with link a l6 "Kilo Fleet Battle Experiment (2003) demonstrated with a single operational platform (E-2 experimental car) software connection.The implementation of Navy network-centric warfare, there is a fallacy: the distance in the information age does not matter. In the static world of fiber-optic cable to connect the land-based system, this view may be correct. But in the hundreds of thousands, have only limited channels of communication and rapid mobility tactical platform world, this view is incorrect. At least the next l0 years, the tactical decision-making level is still narrow information channel filled with a wealth of information from tactical sensors. Implementation of the recent network-centric warfare, we must ensure that the bandwidth between the tactical platforms can best support the killing chain.Thus, network-centric warfare's second fallacy: I believe the free flow of information in the network will produce the best results. In large-scale, time-sensitive complex engagement, this is a big mistake. Policy makers need to focus. Won the tactical engagement needs a faster rate than the enemy's use of anti-chain. Irrelevant or incomplete information will cause confusion or delay in the decision-making process is fatal to their own troops. Combat simulation focused information processing in an appropriate format for transmission to the decentralized decision-makers will enhancecombat effectiveness. To ensure that the network can send for information on combat readiness should be the focus of network-centric warfare efforts.二、Link a l6 "data linkNavy leaders understand the necessity of naval aviation and connected. To achieve this goal, the naval aviation has been the emphasis on building an effective tactical network, the method of procurement such as the Multifunctional Information Distribution System "link l6 data link system. Dependent link l6 "data chain is of great significance, because it is non-node, multi-functional, security, anti-electronic jamming. These important features will make the network-centric warfare operations even in the territory of another State, and another one with the Department of Defense transformation guiding principles - "the protection of information systems from attack is consistent."Link 16" data link has been developed for decades, are now widely used fleet and joint operations. This year there will be more than 1000 links a l6 "terminal bar installed four military services, will reach 2359 to 2005. The only F / A 18 modified machine in 2005 will install 274 terminals. Link a l6 "data link channel as a tactical platform, network-centric warfare, the Navy will be able to with a number of planned equipment" link l6 "data link of the joint forces and multinational forces combat platforms to achieve interoperability. Other methods may be more costly, will reduce interoperability, and data link 16 "chain as a" tactical data link "conflict with the Ministry of Defense.Link a l6 "data link capacity is a problem. At present, the common packet structure, the capacity of the terminal is probably close to 54 kilobytes per second to reduce anti-jamming margin increased capacity l times. Importantly, the Link 16 data link using an iterative storage network structure, there are many units of different networks at different times for different work. This makes the effective bandwidth of the forces to be increased, rather than through a l6 "link" data link every bit of information sent to each unit. Tasks and even task stage platform network optimization, to ensure that the war fighter when needed, high-priority information. The "Link 16" data link improvements will improve the efficiency and information processing capabilities.Link a l6 "data link using a definition is very clear and very strict message format. Information standards can actually be used to support tactical network-centric warfare required for each function, but the criterion of change is a complicated process, and to some extent limited flexibility. The benefits of this standardization is that the Navy network-centric warfare network connected to the data link and link a l6 can with other countries, other services, sensors and weapons connection. With the increase of the number of terminals, the power of the network increases. Joint forces and multinational forces are now in the equipment, "Link 16" data link. Turn to another tactical information channels may cause serious damage of the next decade or interoperability, because the equipment and only when the new system can be developed and operational platforms. Now is to try other network-centric warfare with the link a l6 "when connected to the data link.三、Establishment of new institutions for the victoryDue to the current organizational structure, we are losing. We've been asked to implement network-centric warfare, but our organizational structure remains unchanged. Because there is no specific indication of network-centric warfare, the platform project office had to find its own implementation. Tactical data link operational requirements continue to be subject to the control of operational collaboration needs group. However, this group does not see network-centric warfare need to make a great change. Responsible for planning, establishment and maintenance of the Navy, joint and synthesis of command, control, communications systems interoperability, "Navy tactical systems interoperability center, is also incorporated into the combatants, or not to the development of tactical-level network-centric warfare equipment the concept of grouping. So, who is the leading network-centric warfare reform?A description of the primary network-centric warfare concept of "common development". Under this concept, with the development of network-centric warfare concept of operations, doctrine, preparation, command and control, weapons systems, education, training, personnel "would change accordingly. Core institutions must establish a tactical network-centric warfare, and is equipped with smart combatpersonnel to coordinate tactical network-centric warfare and common development action. Tactical network-centric warfare agencies should combat missions grouping, and direct coordination with excellent tactical centers and the Office of the platform project. With an excellent tactical center, close coordination will ensure that the network-centric warfare equipment to be able to address important operational staff workload and man-machine interface issues. Tactical network-centric warfare core institutions, the excellent tactical Center, the Fleet Commander and the Navy Combat Development Command will coordinate the new concept of network-centric warfare experiments. Interactive platform project office will ensure that this new tactical network-centric warfare agencies about the operational platform and its existing and intends to have the equipment facing a number of limitations. Therefore, the mission field of network-centric warfare concept will be with other military services and Department of Defense agency coordination. Through such coordination, we can according to the importance of the mission field of network-centric warfare system requirements rather than platform-specific data link operational requirements consistent with the recommendations and the necessary resources be allocated.Tactical network-centric warfare institutions initial focus is to quickly correct the current lack of interoperability, but its task-field-based analysis will lead to the development of long-term network-centric warfare program together with other services. The agency must include the Marine Corps combat personnel, providing an interface to all relevant systems in the Marine Corps.The new tactical network-centric warfare institutions will be part of a new Naval Network Warfare Command, Fleet Forces Command and Fleet commanders reported as the Command, and was assigned to the space, demand for IT, network and information operations(Support the Navy at sea and ashore units) "authority. Taking into account the wide range of responsibilities and coordination requirements, new tactical network-centric warfare institutions should be a knowledgeable leadership of the Navy captain, for a period of 4-5 years in order to ensure consistency of work. Leaders in the field of military tasks should be a naval lieutenant colonel or senior major, and receivedthe support of long-term technical staff employed by the government or contractor went to the site. Be reflected to keep each task in the field of experience and views, leaders should be assigned from different units. Coordination of operational areas within the common development of the support of the Systems Command designated contact units and the office of the independent projects, the leader of the mission areas. Tactical network-centric warfare staffing agencies should ensure that the platform has a wide range of versatility.Department of Defense and the Navy is committed to the development of network-centric warfare and as a transformation of the basis. Unfortunately, the acute shortage of tactical-level network-centric warfare equipment. At the tactical level, there is no programmatic network-centric warfare vision or plan, platform-centric decision-making caused by these problems, and left us with a non-compatible equipment. No interest in the Contractor to combine our existing system, but to sell us the ability to take years to equip our troops, and was still unable to provide us with the required ability to joint and multinational interoperability.We need to make our existing system by re-grouping together to play a role, the important information sent to the appropriate locations so that at the appropriate time. We need to take a systematic approach to development support detection, decision-making, attack, assess the ability of the task. The experiment will help us to improve the ability to attack. Through the existing system to maximize the effectiveness of information flow, the limitations of the network will highlight the future of the area of investment, this investment will depend on the task on the platform. The key is to start now to re-group. Network-centric warfare is still a long way to go.(U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings "in 2003, 9)为作战人员装备网络中心战系统【美】戴维・哈迪斯蒂摘要：本文从信息连接技术手段的角度，论述为网络中心战提供硬件设备支撑的重要性，指出在这方面存在的问题，最后提出改进措施。