中医药英语

Chinese Medical Herbs
The origin of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Development of the Science of TCM
Dating back to the ancient China, our ancestor written the “Fifty-two disease party(五十二病方）”, which recording more than 300 prescriptions and 200 kinds of drugs. Besides, in the book “Rites of Zhou(周 礼）”,there are some contents about “the five flavors , the five cereals (rice ,two kinds of millet, wheat and beans.)”
Collect and process of TCM （中药的采制）
• • • Production Place and Acquisition(采集） Processing（炮制） preparation （制剂）
The Performance of the TCM (中药的性能）
• It can also called drug properties(药性）, and it mainly conclude “four natures of drugs（四气）”，“the five flavors(五 味）”，“channel tropism [„trəupizəm] （归经）”，“ascending and descending, floating and sinking （升降 浮沉）”，“toxicity（毒性）”，and etc.
The Compatibility of Herbs( seven emotions)
• • • • • • •
①Single application （单行） ②Synergism （相须） ③Mutual assistance（相使） ④Mutual inhibition（相畏） ⑤Mutual detoxification（相杀） ⑥Mutual antagonism（相恶） ⑦Incompatibility（相反）
The efficacities（功效） of five flavors（2）
• Sour: has the actions of astringing（收 敛），inducing astringency（固涩）. • Bitter: has the functions of depriving the evil wetness(燥湿），discharging the defecation(通泄大便）. • Salt: functions of softening hardness to dissipate stagnation(软坚散结） and defecation.
In the book “Sheng Nong‘s herbal classic(神农本草 经），there is a basic principle in treating Cold symptoms（真热假寒证），which is that “ Treat the cold with hot medicine, treat the hot with cold medicine.（疗寒以热药，疗热以寒药）”
• It refers a category of medicines that have the effect of dispelling external pathogen from the exterior aspect of the body, usually from sweating .
Channel Tropism [„trəupizəm] (归经)
• It refers to the drugs‟ selective function to som来自百度文库 part of the body. That is to say ,one kind of drug has a main or special treating function for the pathological changes（病变） of some organs and meridians （脏腑器官).
Efficacy： warming middle energizer arrest vomiting(温中止 呕）， Exteriorreleasing ,and dissipating cold (解表散寒）…
Application:
ⅰ） vomiting due to
coldness in stomach
Dosage and usage
• The usage: --- Decoction（煎煮方法） Be decocted first（先煎） Put the medicine next （后下） Drug wrapped during decocted（包 煎） …
Exterior-releasing medicine(解表药)
Yin : pungent， sweet Yang： sour, bitter, and salty
The efficacities（功效） of five flavors
• Pungent：functions of volatilization（发散）， promoting the circulation of Qi（行气）， invigorating the circulation of blood（活血）， and etc. It‟s always used to treat Exterior Syndrome(表证），such as herba ephedra（麻 黄）. • Sweet: functions of tonifying（补益）， harmonizing the middle warmer（和中）， regulating herbal property （调和药性）and alleviating pain(缓急止痛）.
Ascending and Descending, Floating and Sinking （升降浮沉）
• It refers to the drugs‟ four different function trend （up ,down, inside and ouside)to the body.
Toxicity（毒性）
• It has two meaning in history.
Ⅰ: the bias ( 偏性）that the drug has when
used in treating diseases.
Ⅱ:the adverse effect（不良影响）and the damage that the drug do to the body.
Wind-cold –dispersing medicine (发散风寒药） Wind-heat dispersing medicine
（发散风热药）
Wind-cold-dispersing medicine
• Example •
Ginger（生姜）
Drug Properties: Pungent, warm. In the liver, stomach, spleen.
Heat-clearing and fire-clearing drug（清热泻火） Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug （清热燥湿）
Heat-clearing medicinal material （清热药）
Clearing away heat and toxic material（清热解毒）
Four Natures of Drugs（四气）
• It refers to the four properties of drugs, that is, cold, hot ,warm and cool. • It reflects the body‟s effect of inclination(作 用倾向）of the ups and downs of Yin and Yang （阴阳盛衰）and the Semiinterior phase change(寒热变化）after the drugs acting on the body.
Contraindication in Using Herbs (用药禁忌）
⒈ Incompatibility ： -- eighteen incompatible medicaments（十八反） --nineteen counteraction（十九畏） ⒉Contraindication during pregnancy（妊娠 用药禁忌） ⒊Dietary Taboos during taking the medicine （服药时的饮食禁忌）:
Removing pathogenic heat from blood drug（清热 凉血）
There are many categories of Traditional Chinese herbs that we cannot learn by one day . I hope you can spend some time on it ,and absorb the essence of the Traditional Chinese Medicine.
（胃寒呕吐） ⅱ）cold cough（风寒咳 嗽） ⅲ）common cold due to wind-cold（风寒感冒）
Wind-heat dispersing medicine
• Example:
Folium Mori
Drug Properties: sweet,bitter,cold. In liver, lung. Efficacy： dispelling wind and heat from the body （疏 散风热），clearing the lung and moistening dryness （清肺润燥），Liver Eyesight（清肝明目，restrain the liver Yang （平抑肝阳） Application: ⑴Wind-heat exterior syndrome （风热表证）
⑵cough with lung heat （肺热咳嗽），cough caused by dryness-heat（燥热咳嗽）and so on.
• Definition ：a category of medicine that have the effect of clearing up internal heat in cases of externally contracted febrile diseases or fever due to yin deficiency.
The application of TCM
• Compatibility of medicines(配伍）： means that making use of two or more than two kinds of drugs selectively according to different needs and different features of the patient‟s condition. • It can be concluded by seven aspects, which called the “seven emotions” of the drugs.
The Five Flavors（五味）
• It contains five basic herbal medicines in a prescription（药味）—pungent，sweet, sour, bitter, and salty . • It can divided into two parts