【2011考研英语】新东方魔鬼训练营8天攻克8000词汇
8天攻克8000词汇教材修订_部分10
QUIZ FIVE1.sinecure a. hopeful sign b. fruitless search c. careless act d. easy job2.curator a. doctor b. lawyer c. caretaker d. spectator3.periodontal a. visual b. inside a tooth c. around a tooth c. wandering4.peripatetic a. wandering b. unemployed c. surrounding d. old-fashioned5.procure a. say b. obtain c. look after d. heal6.curative a. purify b. healing c. saving d. repairing7.perimeter a. factor b. characteristic c. supplement d. boundary8.periheral a. supplementary b. around a tooth c. wandering d. dangerous1.theosophy 1.immaturely overconfidentexcellent2.sentiment 2.outstandingly3.sensuous 3.docrine of God and the world4.sophomoric 4.gratifying the sensesreasoning5.sophistry 5.falsebyemotioncolored6.sentient6.opinion7.sophisticated 7.receiving perceptions8.sensational 8.highly complexparedto 1.introspectionsound1.inaudible 1.involvinghear 2.shrewd2.visitationto2.auditory 2.impossible3.vis-a-vistechnique 3.prophet3.ultrasound 3.diagnostichearing4.auspicious4.appearancecritical4.resonance 4.ahearing 5.self-examinationto5.perspicacious5.relating5.auditor6.sonic 6.unharmonious 6.noticeable 6.visionary7.favorable 7.conspicuous 7.dissonant 7.finacialexaminer8.audition 8.continuing or echoing sound 8.official call 8.visage243QUIZ SIX1.inherent a. part of b. inherited c. confused d. loyal2.fugue a. mathematical formula b. musical formc. marginal figured. masonry foundation3.adherent a. sticker b. stinker c. follower d. flower4.centrifugal a. moving upward b. moving backwardc. moving downwardd. moving outward5.cohesion a. unity b. thoughtfulness c. uniformity d. thoughtlessness6.suterfuge a. overhead serve b. underhanded plotc. powerful forced. secret supporter7.incoherent a. attached b. constant c. controlled d. confused8.fugitive a. traveler b. sailor c. escapee d. drifter1.injunction a. order b. position c. fact d. connection2.impartial a. fair b. biased c. accurate d. opinionated3.adjunct a. warning b. addition c. disclosure d. difference4.participle a. verb part b. warning c. supplement d. guerrilla fighter5.junta a. dance b. point c. group d. symphony6.impart a. separate b. support c. favor d. disclose7.disjunction a. prohibition b. break c. requirement d. intersection8.partisan a. judge b. teacher c. supporter d. leader1.force by moral pressure 1.remittance2.letter pel3.repulsionirresistibly3.drive4.disgust 4.manumission5.agent 5.expel6.payment 6.missiveout 7.impel7.drive8.emancipation 8.emissary1.glowing 1.lucubration2.production of organic matter 2.phosphorescent3.clarify 3.translucentlight4.elucidatediffused4.passing5.photogenic5.elementalparticleclear 6.photosynthesis6.brightlystudy 7.photon7.hardappealing 8.lucent8.visually244foresight1.cosmopolitan 1.having2.omniscience 2.universeknowledge3.cosmetic 3.universal4.conscientious 4.sophosticated5.unconscionable 5.for the sake of appearance6.cosmology 6.scrupulous7.prescient 7.inexcusable8.cosmos 8.decription of the universe245QUIZ SEVEN1.convoluted a. spinning b. babbling c. grinding d. winding2.turbine a. whirlpool b. engine c. headdress d. carousel3.evolution a. process of development b. process of democracyc. process of electiond. process of elimination4.perturb a. reset b. inset c. preset d. upset5.voluble a. whirling b. unpleasant c. talkative d. garbled6.turbulent a. churning b. turning c. yearning d. burning7.turbid a. flat b. calm c. confused d. slow8. devolution a. handing down b. handing in c. turning up d. turning around1.descant a. climb downward b. added melody c. supposed inability d. writing table2.allude a. play b. detract c. avoid d. refer3.incantation a. ritual chant b. ceremony c. solemn march d. recorded song4.prelude a. aftermath b. conclusion c. introduction d. admission5.cantata a. snack bar b. pasta dish c. sung composition d. farewell gesture6.ludicrous a. tough b. laughable c. simple d. ugly7.cantor a. singer b. refusal c. traitor d. gallop8.collusion a. accidental crash b. illegal cooperation c. new material d. magic spell1.matriculate a. give birth b. enroll c. tickle d. adjust2.premonition a. introduction b. scolding c. pre maturity d. forewarning3.matrilineal a. through the mother’s family b. graduating c. adopted c. female4.monitory a. monetary b. mean c. cautionary d. enthusiastic5.metropolitan a. urban b. suburban c. rural d. oceanic6.monitor a. think b. persuade c. avoid d. watch7.maternity a. motherhood b. childhood c. Robin Hood d. sainthood8.admonish a. praise b. arrest c. await d. scold1.monologue a. speech b. drama c. catalog d. boredom2.impute a. imply b. revise c. attribute d. defy3. reputed a. rethought b. accused c. determined d. believed4. neologism a. new day b. new word c. new way d. new thought5. putative a. assumed b. appointed c. solved d. ignored6. genealogy a. generation b. inheritance c. family history d. height7. disputatious a. courageous b. disproved c. unknown d. argumentative8. eulogy a. high praise b. high flight c. high times d. high jump2461.voluable 1. murky 1.through the female line 1.monitor2.warning 2.premonition2.fluent2.turbine3.maternityatschool3.evolution 3.seething 3.signupplicated4.regulate 4.metropolitan4.turbidcorrect 5.matrilinealengine 5.gently5.devolution 5.turning6.degeneration 6.earlysuspicion 6.matriculate6.perturb7.motherliness7.admonish7.convoluted7.disturb8.turbulent 8.progress 8.city 8.monitory1.marinerarea1.theater2.blue-green gem 2.terrestrial3.under the ground 3.marina4.near the sea 4.terrarium5.contained habitat 5.maritime6.parterre6.seaman7.small harbor 7.subterranean8.aquamarine8.earthly247QUIZ EIGHT1.penumbra1.resentmentcolor 2.travesty2.brownish3.installing in office 3.transvestite4.cross-dresser 4.adumbrate5.imitation 5.divestof 6.umbrage6.getridshadow 7.investiture7.near8.umber8.partiallydisclosereligionby1.deity 1.stateruleddevice2.dramatic2.pantheisticbeing3.apotheosis 3.supremebelievinggod4.divinity4.non5.atheistic 5.godlinesgodsall6.divinatory 6.accepting7.theocracy 7.prophetic8.deus ex machine 8.perfect example1.artfulman1.accuse 1.craftaccord 1.skilledtalent 2.artifice2.natural2.excuse 2.concordance3.adaptationslyculpa 3.skillfully3.agreement 3.mea4.inept4.heartfelt 4.discordant 4.expert5.artisan5.grant 5.culpable 5.slynessofchange 6.aptitude6.process6.blamable 6.cordial7.adeptobject7.disagreeing7.inculpate 7.man-made8.confession 8.exculpate 8.awkward 8.artifact1.pandemic a. isolated b. widespread c. present d. absent2.populace a. politics b. numerous c. masses d. popularity3.endemic a. common b. absent c. infection d. occasional4.demotic a. devilish b. common c. cultural d. useful5.populous a. well-liked b. foreign c. numerous d. obscure6.demographic a. describing politics b. describing populationsc. describing policiesd. describing epidemics7.populist a. communist b. campaigner c. socialist d. believer in the people8.vox populi a. public policy b. public survey c. public opinion d. public outrage1.precision a. accuracy b. beauty c. conciseness d. dependence2.decadent a. rotten b. generous c. self-indulgent d. ten years long2483.excise a. tax b. examine c. refuse d. cut out4. recidivism a. backsliding b. backstabbing c. backscratching d. backslapping5.incisive a. damaging b. direct c. dirty d. definite6.casualty a. serious remark b. serious outlook c. serious condition d. serious injury7.concise a. short b. sure c. shifting d. sharp8. cadaver a. victim b. suspect c. corpse d. detective249QUIZ NINE1.apocryphal1.thorough 1.renaissance1.mysterious2.beginning 2.pediatrician2.abstractionwriting2.codeteacher 3.cognate3.fake 3.abscond 3.boring4.encyclopedic4.related4.difficult 4.crypticbirth 5.nascent5.tomb 5.abstruse 5.presentfrom6.crypt cation 6.pedant6.theory7.innate7.self-controlled 7.cryptography 7.revival8.flee 8.abstemious8.pedagogydoctor8.children’smanyavert 1.withuses1.supreme 1.1.fertileatmosphereconclusion 2.spherical 2.upper2.implied2.transcendent3.wrongheaded3.deferential 3.glorification3.divert4.avoid4.transfiguration 4.productive 4.hemisphere5.proliferate 5.multiply 5.versatile 5.half-sphere6.transient 6.yielding 6.biosphere 6.entertain7.globelike7.stratosphere7.inference 7.passingzone8.transfuse 8.transfer8.perverse 8.life1.indoctrinate 1.instruction costs2.tutelage 2.easilyled3.doctrine 3.fill with a point of viewinsight4.4.tutorial5.doctrinaire 5.guardianship6.intuition 6.teachinginstruction7.docile7.individual8.rigidlyprincipled8.tuition1.disposition a. temperature b. personality c. anger d. riddance2.tenacious a. sticking b. intelligent c. loving d. helping3.superimpose a. surpass b. put into c. place over d. amaze4.abstinence a. self-help b. self-will c. self-service d. self-restraint5.repository a. tomb b. storage container c. office d. library6.tenable a. decent b. tough c. reasonable d. controlledponent a. part b. whole c. some d. all8.sustenance a. substance b. apartment c. clothing d. nourishment1.evince a. reveal b. throw out c. eject d. overcome2.interminable a. remarkable b. unthinkable c. reliable d. eternal3.terminollgy a. instruction b. design c. vocabulary d. technology2504.provincial a. professional b. global c. local d. national5.invincible a. unsuitable b. impossible c. inflammable d. unconquerable6.terminal a. fatal b. technical c. verbal d. similar7.indeterminate a. lengthy b. uncertain c. unending d. likely8.victimize a. conquer b. applaud c. deceive d. invite1.docile a. tame b. learned c. taught d. beloved2.tuition a. requirement b. instruction c. resolution d. housing3.indoctrinate a. medicate thoroughly b. research thoroughlyc. instruct thoroughlyd. consider thoroughly4.tutelage a. responsibility b. protection c. instruction d. safeguard5.doctrine a. solution b. principle c. religion d. report6.tutorial a. small class b. large class c. night class d. canceled class7.doctrinaire a. by the way b. by the by c. by the rule d. by the class8.intuition a. ignorance b. quick understanding c. payment d. consideration251QUIZ TENpoint1.central1.topical2.egocentric 2.centered on one’s own group3.topiary 3.away from its usual place4.ethnocentric4.self-centeredinterestcurrent5.topography5.ofpruned6.eccentric 6.ornamentallyoff-center7.placed7.ectopicfeatures8.epicenter ndscape1.retrogress 1.enormous2.propitious 2.effective as of earlier3.retrospective 3.promisingoff4.put4.retrofit5.procrastinate 5.review of a body of work6.prophylaxis 6.revert to an earlier state7.retroactive 7.disease prevention8.prodigious 8.modernize1.chronic 1.currentevents2.temporal 2.orderof3.ongoing3.anachronism4.extemporaneous 4.happening at the same time5.synchronous 5.talk to fill time6.temporize 6.unplannedbytime7.measurable7.chronology8.contemporary 8.something from the past1.ancient 1.perennial2.of the same age 2.longevity3.yearly payment 3.primeval4.era of earthly paradise 4.coeval5.of the Middle ages lennium6.wornout 6.annuity7.length of life 7.medieval8.continuing 8.superannuated1.domination a. name b. control c. attraction d. movement2.habitation a. custom b. limit c. dwelling d. chewing3.domicile a. imbecile b. ridicule c. home d. supremacy2524.inhibit a. live in b. laugh at c. restrain d. retrain5.dominion a. weakness b. kingdom c. game d. habit6.habitual a. customary b. concise c. ordinary d. gnawing7.predominant a. longest b. lightest c. strongest d. earliest8.exhibitionist a. show-off b. shower c. show time d. showdown1.perennial a. flowerlike b. excellent c. everlasting d. thorough2.longevity a. length b. long life c. longitude d. longing3.superannuated a. amazing b. huge c. aged d. perennial4.coeval a. ancient b. simultaneous c. same-sized d. continuinglennium a. thousand b. century c. era d. a thousand years6.annuity a. annual event b. annual payment c. annual income d. annual garden7.medieval a. antiquated b. middle-aged c. romantic d. knightly8.primeval a. wicked b. elderly c. primitive d. muddy1.codify a. conceal b. list c. disobey d. interpret2.signet a. stamp b. gold ring c. Pope’s sign d. baby swan3.codicil a. small fish b. one-tenth c. amendment to a will d. legal objection4.assignation a. signature b. assassination c. secret lover d. appointment5.resign a. accept b. appoint c. assign d. arrest6. codex a. private seal b. handwritten book c. secret letter d. coded message7.signatory a. document b. agreement c. banner d. consigner8.decode a. explain b. conceal c. symbolize d. disguise253QUIZ ELEVEN1.philology a. study of cigars b. study of trees c. study of language d. study of love2.negligible a. small b. correctable c. noteworthy d. considerate3.oenophile a. pig lover b. book lover c. word lover d. wine lover4.renegade a. restorer b. rebel c. reformer d. realist5.philatelist a. stamp collector b. gem collector c. wine collector d. coin collector6. abnegation a. abundance b. abruptness c. self-denial d. self-satisfaction7.philter a. healing lotion b. sieve c. car part d. love potion8.renege a. repeat b. go back on c. renegotiate d. overturn1.fungible a. identical b. unique c. exchangeable d. defective2.permutation a. perversion b. rearrangement c. deviation d. inflation3.functionary a. bureaucrat b. hard worker c. activist d. executive4.transmute a. reconsider b. send away c. silence d. convert5.perfunctory a. perfect b. mechanical c. thorough d. persuasive6.immutable a. unchangeable b. immature c. noisy d. defiant7.malfunction a. work slowly b. work improperly c. work evilly d. work mechanicallymutation a. driving b. train ride c. replacement d. review1.correlate a. carry over b. show a relationship c. get along d. compare2.degrade a. reduce in size b. raise in esteem c. lower in rank d. increase in importance3.collate a. arrange in order b. distribute c. review d. produce4.graduate a. go to school b. measure exactly c. increase in size d. rise to a higher stage5.prelate a. high church official b. foremost playerc. important officerd. graduate degree6.gradation a. program in a series b. stage in a seriesc. eventual declined. definite improvement7.relativity a. galactic travelb. altered speed of lightc. relationship between mass, energy, and timed. relationship of human races8.retrograde a. moving in reverse b. grading again c. primitive d. switching grades1.dynamo a. powerhouse b. force unit c. time interval d. power outage2.incumbent a. coming in b. retiring c. holding office d. standing up3.dynasty a. glamorous clam b. ruling family c. great wealth d. powerful leader4.succumb a. rest b. enchant c. approach d. give up5. incubate a. brood b. store c. lie down d. sleep6. hydrodynamic a. relating to moving fluids b. water-resistant254c. relating to boatsd. relating to water7.recumbent a. tired again b. lying down c. vulnerable d. not straight8.dynamic a. explosive b. energetic c. excited d. dangerous1.recapitulate 1.free-market system2.misanthropic 2.charitable act3.capitalism 3.surrender4.anthropoid 4.summarize5.decapitate 5.hating humanscultures6.anthropology 6.studyof7.capitulate 7.ape8.philanthropy 8.behead1.telepathic 1.incomplete2.refraction 2.quarrelsome3.telemetry 3.mind-reading4.distortion4.fragmentary5.telegenic 5.violation6.fractious 6.well-suitedtelevisionto7.teleological 7.long-distance measurement8.infraction 8.relating to design or purpose255QUIZ TWELVE1.persevere 1.seep2.metonymy 2.equating one thing with another3.permeate 3.spreadthroughout4metaphysics 4.keep going5.peremptory e of an associated term6.percolate 6.study of the nature of things7.metaphorical 7.biological absorption processes8.metabolism 8.abrupt and final1.prerequisite a. pattern b. requirement c. preference d. direction2.paragon a. geometric figure b. imposing figurec. model of excellenced. location3.predispose a. recycle b. eliminate c. demonstrate d. influence4.paradigm a. example b. punishment c. tale d. characteristic5.precept a. general rule b. teacher c. contradiction d. model6.paradox a. contrary belief b. instructive c. opposing truths d. painful truth7.precocious a. nearly cooked b. maturing earlyc. self-contradictoryd. necessaryrequirementrule b.8.parameter a.c. large frameworkd. characteristic element1.paternlistic 1.wrong name2.nomenclature 2.aristocrat3.patrimony 3.exercising fatherly4.misnomer 4.heritage5.expatriate 5.naming system6.nominal 6.disgraceful7.ignominious 7.in name onlyabroad8.patrician 8.livingandrapidlydeeply1.breathe1.hyperactiveoverthrowto2.subjugate 2.secreteffortoverstatement3.hyperventilate 3.extreme4.subconscious 4.not strong enough to be sensedconsciousnessofthelevel5.hypertension 5.beneathactive6.subversion6.overly7.hyperbole 7.conquerpressure8.subliminal 8.highblood2561.place of misery 1.tempera2.purge2.unrestrained3.remove offensive material 3.temperance4.purgativemoderateor4.mix5.purifying 5.temper6.moderation or abstinence 6.expurgate7.remove impure elements 7.intemperatepaint 8.purgatory8.egg-based2571.vivacious a. sweet-tempered b. loud c. lively d. gluttonous2.extort a. obtain by force b. pay up c. engage in crime d. exterminate3.vivisection a. living area b. animal experimentationc. experimental treatmentd. removal of organs4.torsion a. elasticity b. twisting c. body trunk d. axis5.convivial a. life-giving b. drunk c. contrary d. sociable6.tortuous a. painful b. winding c. harmful d. monstrous7.revivify a. revive b. reclaim c. retain d. restrain8.tort a. deformity b. law c. product d. injury1.explicate a. explain b. bend c. fold d. mutilate2.expunge a. mop up b. partially restore c. remove completely d. hesitate slightly3.supplication a. substitution b. plea c. use d. subdivision4.pungent a. sharp b. rotten c. round d. funny5.punctilious a. pointed b. careful c. prompt d. unusual6.replicate a. reflect b. breed c. copy d. measurepunction a. desire b. bravery c. scruple d. conviction8.implicit a. difficult b. unspoken c. written d. faithfulplaisant 1.relating to written matter2.unchangeable2.context3.placebomeaning3.underlyingtoplease4.eager4.texual5.placidity 5.setting of spoken or written wordssubstance6.subtext6.harmless7.implacable 7.excuse hiding a real motive8.peacefulness8.pretext1.autocratic 1.recovery2.declaim 2.noble3.plutocracy 3.noisy din4.acclamation ernment official5.reclamation 5.speak formally6.bureaucrat 6.ruled by one personbyrichthe7.rule7.clamorcheers8.aristocrat 8.acceptancewith258repetition 1.mandate mensurate 1.prohibit1.needless2.required 2.undulant 2.proscribe 2.aspect3.flood mendation 3.immensity 3.engraving4.equivalent4.conscriptioncitation 4.redundancy4.formal5.inundate 5.dimension 5.measurable5.reflect6.circumscribe 6.limit6.direct 6.remand7.hugeness7.wavy 7.mandatory 7.mensurableback 8.redound 8.inscription 8.draft8.send1.prevalent 1.brave2.masculinity2.virago3.vituosity 3.confirm4.virilitywoman4.strong5.valorous 5.skill6.triumvirate 6.widespread7.equivalent 7.three-person boardvaluein8.validate 8.similarpunish c. trade d. approveb.criminalize1.sanction a.2.elocution a. public opinion b. public speakingc. public platformd. public transportation3.sacrilege a. religion b. blasphemy c. priest d. conviction4.sacrosanct a. sacred b. churchlike c. Christian d. priestly5.loquacious a. abundant b. silent c. talkative d. informative6.sanctuary a. belief b. holiness c. cemetery d. refuge7.colloquial a. slangy b. disrespectful c. conversational d. uneducated8.circumlocution a. exaggeration b. excess of words c. falsehood d. confusion1.excrescence a. disgust b. outgrowth c. extremity d. unusual formation2.suffuse a. overwhelm b. flow c. spread through d. inject3.accrection a. layer b. eruption c. decision d. buildup4.effusive a. emotional b. gradual c. continual d. general5.increment a. entrance b. slight increase c. construction d. income6.diffuse a. consider b. make harmless c. spread widely d. pour in7.crescent a. pie-shaped b. half-full c. stickle-shaped d. increasing8.profusion a. distinction b. abundance c. addition d. completion1.ascendancy a. growth b. climb c. control d. rank2.extenuating a. partly balding b. partly excusing c. partly specific d. partly mending2593.descendant a. offspring b. ancestor c. cousin d. forerunner4.tenure a. teaching b. term of office c. election d. grasp5.transcend a. exceed b. astound c. fulfill d. transform6.attenuate a. make free b. make late c. make friends d. make thin7.condescend a. stoop b. remove c. agree d. reject8.tenuous a. stretching b. tender c. insubstantial d. arranged260。
8000词汇,5大法则
8000词汇魔鬼营单词记忆的5大法则一、元音三定律1，元级派生英语中有大量地同源词，不是通过添加前缀和后缀派生出新单词，而是通过单词内部的元音变化，派生出语义相近的新单词。
最常见的元级派生，就是我们在中学时候学的时态变化Begin- began – begun （i-a-u发生替换）就是最熟悉的一种形式注：所撷取的代表单词，只摘要了其核心义项w i ther ['wiðə] v.（使）枯萎, 凋谢w ea ther [ˈweðə]n.天气―Worship your heroes from afar; contact withers them距离产生美感―I must lose myself in action, lest I wither in despair.‖m a st [mɑ:st, mæst]n.船桅，桅杆，旗杆；天线杆m u st [mʌst]aux. v.必须，应该o ver [ˈəuvə]prep.在…的上ea ve [i:v]n. 屋檐st y ptic [ˈstiptik]a.止血的 n.止血剂st o p [stɔp, stɑp]v.停止，中断；阻止mim i c ['mimik] vt. n.模仿, 模拟模仿者adj.模仿的, 假的Cunning... is but the low mimic of wisdom.‖ – platom o ck [mɔk] v（+at）. n.嘲弄, 嘲笑, 模仿adj.假的, 伪装的, 模拟的m o lten ['məultən] adj. 熔化的, 炽热的, 铸造的a molten image 一尊铸像/ molten lava 熔岩m e lt [melt]v.(使)融化；(使)消散，(使)逐渐消失l i stless ['listlis] adj. 无精打采的list- l u st [lʌst] n.贪欲, 欲望, 色欲lack lust er ['lækˌlʌstə] adj.无光泽的,暗淡的,无生气的n.无光泽,暗淡无生气,平凡intr e pid [in'trepid] adj. 无畏的, 刚毅的tr a p [træp]n.陷阱；困境the intrepid mountaineers 勇敢的登山家h o m i nid ['hɔminid] n. 原始人类adj. 灵长类的h u m a n [ˈhju:mən]a.人的homicide ['hɔmisaid] n. 杀人, 杀人者gl o ssy ['glɔsi] adj. 光滑的, 有光泽的gl a ss [glɑ:s]n.玻璃gl a ze [gleiz] v. 装以玻璃, 上釉, 变得光滑, 变呆滞n. 釉, 覆罩的一层注：gr a ze [greiz]vi.吃青草vt.放牧；擦伤；掠过n.擦伤(处)gr a ss [grɑ:s,græs]n.草；草坪，牧场f er ment ['fə:ment] n.发酵, 酵素, 动乱v.（使）发酵, 动乱The country was in ferment. 那个国家处于动乱中f oa m [fəum]n.泡沫(材料，状物) vi.起泡沫，吐白沫f o ment [fəu'ment] vt. 煽动, 引发, [医]热敷extol [iksˈtɔl]vt.赞美；颂扬He keeps extolling the merits of his new car. 他不断赞美他新车的优点。
十天搞定考研单词
十二天前我回复了一个帖子，受这个帖子启发，然后搜到了一篇《17天搞定GRE单词》（好像是叫这个名字吧)，看完后我决心10天把考研单词全部背完，而且不是背一遍，是按照背单词的那个循环大表循环着背，前期一些单词都背了7遍了。
我做到了！筹划考研比较久了，但还没有考过，本人的基础是：前年单词翻到C放弃，去年单词看完一遍，现在也早就不记得了，掌握了一点基本的词根词缀知识，仅限于此。
曾经的我也为单词苦恼过，但现在完成这10天的魔鬼式训练，感觉单词不过如此。
谈谈我的方法和心得吧。
首先，这10天我是拿出每天10-12个小时不看别的书专门背单词，（在职的、忙于学业的、每天只能学习4、5个小时的朋友，可以相应延长这个时间到20天，而且我不相信一个考研的人每天4，5个小时都拿不出来，这样的话你最好别考了），偶尔的闲暇我还拿出时间来论坛水水。
另外，大纲里DOG，DESK，APPLE等中学词汇起码有2000多个不用背。
真正需要背的单词大概也就3000-3500（基础好的过了四级六级的，要背的远远少于这个数）。
每天平均新单词400不到，耗时6小时。
其他4-6小时全部是复习，按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线复习。
要谨记：复习永远比学新单词重要。
具体操作是：第一步：读单词音----简单拼写一下（这个时候不要强迫自己记得每个单词的拼写）---读单词汉语意思----回忆复述一下----PASS，到下一个单词。
不要追求拼写，不要追求用法，甚至很多词组都不要去管他，先记单词再说。
整个过程耗时半分钟不到，个别意思多的要一分钟。
因此，1个小时60分钟能背掉100个单词第二步：5-10分钟左右（根据自己记忆力）无论背到哪了，都重复前面那个5-10分钟的单词，操作如第一步。
如果你10分钟背完之前的那个小段单词，那么复习的时间最多只要3-5分钟甚至更短。
第三步：1小时复习前面1小时背诵的，操作同上第四步：“12小时后复习当天背诵的”，我一般是上午7点到下午2点完成当天新单词，14点--20点复习前面学习内容（至于复习哪些，大家搜一下艾宾浩斯单词记忆大表，应该都听说过吧），20点-23、24点复习当天内容（这个按照大表上也有规定的），我前面就说了，白天背诵5，6个小时，复习最多3小时我大概算了下，每天新单词加复习的旧单词加一起，大概有2000个。
8天攻克8000词汇教材修订_部分8
* He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.2348. obfuscate : confuse; muddle* Do not obfuscate the issues by dragging in irrelevant arguments.2349. obituary : dealth notice* I first learned of her death when I read the obituary in the newspaper.2350. objective : not influenced by emotions; fair* Even though he was her son, she tried to be objective about his behavior.2352. obligatory : binding; required* It is obligatory that books borrowed from the library be returned within two weeks.2353. oblique : slanting; deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line* The sergeant ordered the men to march \oblique right.\2354. obliterate : destroy completely* The tidal wave obliterated several island villages.2356. obloquy : slander; disgrace; infamy* I resent the obloquy that you are casting upon my reputation.2357. obnoxious : offensive* I find your behavior obnoxious; please mend your ways.2358. obscure : dark; vague; unclear* Even after I read the poem a fourth time, its meaning was still obscure.2359. obscure : darken; make unclear* At times he seemed purposely to obscure his meaning, preferring mystery to clarity.2360. obsequious : slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic* Helen valued people who behaved as if they respected themselves; nothing irritatedher more than an excessively obsequious waiter or a fawning salesclerk.2361. obsequy : funeral ceremony* Hundreds paid their last respects at his obsequies.2362. obsession : fixed idea; continued brooding* This obsession with the supernatural has made him unpopular with his neighbors.2364. obsolete : outmoded* \Hip\ is an obsolete expression; it went out with love beads and tie-dye shirts.2365. obstetrician : physician specializing in delivery of babies* Unlike midwives, who care for women giving birth at home, obstetricians generallywork in a hospital setting.2366. obstinate : stubborn* We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to change.2368. obtrusive : pushing forward* I found her a very obstrusive person, constantly seeking the center of the stage.1892370. obviate : make unnecessary; get rid of* I hope this contribution will obviate any need for further collections of funds.2371. occident : the West* It will take occident to understand the ways and customs of the orient.2372. occlude : shut; close* A blood clot occluded an artery to the heart.2373. occult : mysterious; secret; supernatural* The occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members.2374. oculist : physician who specialized in treatment of the eyes* In many states, an oculist is the only one who may apply medicinal drops to the eyesfor the purpose of examining them.2377. odoriferous : giving off an odor* The odoriferous spices stimulated her jaded appetite.2380. offensive : attacking; insulting; distasteful* Getting into street brawls is no minor offense for professional boxers, who are required by law to restrict their offensive impulses to the ring.2387. omnipotent : all-powerful* The monarch regarded himself as omnipotent and responsible to no one for his acts.2388. omnipresent : universally present; ubiquitous* On Christmas Eve, Santa Claus is omnipotent.2389. omniscient : all-knowing* I do not pretend to be omniscient, but I am positive about this fact.2390. omnivorous : eating both plant and animal food; devouring everything* Some animals, including humans, are omnivorous and eat both meat and vegetables; others are either carnivorous or herbivorous.2392. onomatopoeia : words formed in imitation of natural sounds* Words like \rustle\ and \gargle\ are illustrations of onomatopoeia.2399. opportunist : individual who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advantage of circumstances* Forget about ethics! He's such an opportunist that he'll vote in favor of any deal thatwill give him a break.2402. optimist : person who looks on the bright side* The pessimist says the glass is half-empty; the optimist says it is half-full.2403. optimum : most favorable* If you wait for the optimum moment to act, you may never begin your project .2404. optional : not compulsory; left to one's choice* I was impressed by the range of optional accessories for my microcomputer that were available.1902405. optometrist : one who fits glasses to remedy visual defects* Although an optometrist is qualified to treat many eye disorders, she maynot use medicinesor surgery in her examinations.2408. oracular : foretelling; mysterious* Oedipus could not understand the oracular warning he received.2409. oratorio : dramatic poem set to music* The Glee Club decided to present an oratorio during their recital.2412. ordinance : decree* Passing a red light is a violation of a city ordinance.2413. ordination : ceremony conferring holy orders* The candidate for ordination had to meet with the bishop and the diocean officers before being judged ready to be ordained a deacon.2414. orient : get one's bearings; adjust* Philip spent his first day in Denver orienting himself to the city.2417. ornate : excessively or elaborately decorated* Furniture of the Baroque period can be recognized by its ornate carvings.2418. ornithologist : scientific student of birds* Auduborn's drawings of American bird life have been of interest not only to the ornithologists but also to the general public.2419. orthodox : traditional; conservative in belief* Faced with a problem, he preferred to take an orthodox approach rather than shock anyone.2420. orthography : correct spelling* Many of us find English orthography difficult to master because so many of our words are written phonetically.2423. ossify : change or harden into bone* When he called his opponent a \bonehead,\ he implied that his adversary'sbrain had ossified and that he was not capable of clear thinking.2424. ostensible : apparent; professed; pretended* Although the ostensible purpose of this expedition is to discover new lands, we arereally interested in finding new markets for our products.2425. ostentatious : showy; pretentious; trying to attract attention* Trump's latest casino in Atlantic City is the most ostentatious gambling place in the East: it easily outglitters its competitors.2429. outmoded : no longer stylish; old-fahioned* Unconcerned about keeping in style, Lenore was perfectly happy to wear outmoded clothes as long as they were clean and unfrayed.2433. outwit : outsmart; trick191* By disguising himself as an old woman, Holmes was able to outwit his pursuers and escape capture.2435. overbearing : bossy; arrogant; decisively important* Certain of her own importance and of the unimportance of everyone else, Lady Bracknell was intolerably overbearing in manner. \In choosing a husband,\ she said,\good birth is of overbearing importance; compared to that, neither wealth nor talent2436. overt : open to view* According to the United States Constitution, a person must commit an overt act before he may be tried for treason.2440. overhaul : thoroughly examine the condition of and repair if necessary* It is necessary for the engineers of NASA to overhaul the rocket everyday; otherwise,an incident similar to that of Challenger accident might happen.2441. pachyderm : thick-skinned animal* The elephant is probably the best-known pachyderm.2442. pacifist : one opposed to force; antimilitarist* The pacifists urged that we reduce our military budget and recall our troops stationed overseas.2443. pacify : soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue* Dentists criticize the practice of giving fussy children sweets to pacify them.2445. painstaking : showing hard work; taking great care* The new high-frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on the part ofour research staff.2455. palpable : tangible; easily perceptible* I cannot understand how you could overlook such a palpable blunder.2456. palpitate : throb; flutter* As he became excited, his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically.2457. paltry : insignificant; petty* This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece.2458. pan : criticize harshly* Hoping for a rave review of his new show, the playwright was miserable when the critics panned it unanimously.2459. panacea : cure-all; remedy for all diseases* There is no easy panacea that will solve our complicated international situation.2461. pandemic : widespread; affecting the majority of people* They feared the AIDS epidemic would soon reach pandemic proportions.2462. pandemonium : wild tumult* When the ships collided in the harbor, pandemonium broke out among the passengers.1922466. pantomime : acting without dialogue* Because he worked in pantomime, the clown could be understood wherever he appeared.2467. papyrus : ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant* The ancient Egyptians were among the first to write on papyrus.2469. paradigm : model; example; pattern* Pavlov's experiment in which he trains a dog to salivate on hearing a bell is a paradigm of the conditioned-response experiment in behavioal psychology.2470. paradox : statement that looks false but is actually correct; a contradictory statement* Wordworth's \The child is father to the man\ is an example of paradox.2474. paramount : foremost in importance; supreme* Proper nutrition and hygiene are of paramount importance in adolescent developmentand growth.2475. paramour : illicit lover* She sought a divorce on the grounds that her husband had a paramour in another town.2476. paranoia : psychosis marked by delusions of grandeur or persecution* Suffering from paranoia, he claimed everyone was out to get him; ironically, hisclaim was accurate; even paranoids have enemies.2478. paraphrase : restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author* In 250 words or less, paraphrase this article.2479. parasite : animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant* The tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body. 2482. parity : equality; close resemblance* I find your analogy inaccurate because I do not see the parity between the two illustrations.2486. parody : humorous imitation; travesty* We enjoyed the clever parodies of popular songs that the chorus sang.2491. partial : incomplete* In this issue we have published only a partial list of contributors because we lack space to acknowledge everyone.2492. partial : biased; having a liking for something* I am extremely partial to chocolate eclairs.2493. partiality : inclination; bias* As a judge, not only must I be unbiased, but I must also avoid any evidence of partiality when I award the prize.1932494. partisan : one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party* On certain issues of conscience, she refused to take a partisan stand.2496. passive : not active; acted upon* Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resistance as hefelt that it was more effective than violence and acts of terrorism.2500. pathetic : causing sadness, compassion, pity; touching* Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his pathetic tale about the orphaned boy.2501. pathological : pertaining to disease* As we study the pathological aspects of this disease, we must not overlook the psychological elements.2502. pathos : tender to sorrow; pity; quality in art or literature that produces these feelings.* The quiet tone of pathos that ran through the novel never degenerated into the maudlin or the overly sentimental.2505. patriarch : father and ruler of a family or tribe* In many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch.2506. patrician : noble; aristocratic* We greatly admired her well-bred, patrician elegance2507. patronize : support; act superior toward* Experts in a field sometimes appear to patronize people who are less knowledgeableof the subject.2512. pedagogue : teacher* He could never be a stuffy pedagogue; his classes were always lively and filled with humor.2513. pedagogy : teaching; art of education* Though Maria Montessori gained fame for her innovations in pedagogy, it took years before her teaching techniques became common practice in American schools.2514. pedant : scholar who overemphasizes book learning or technicalities* Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather thana scholar.2515. pedantic : showing off learning; bookish* Leaving his decisions with humorous, down-to-earth anecdotes, Judge Walker wasnot at all pedantic legal scholar.2516. pedestrian : ordinary; unimaginative* Unintentionally boring, he wrote page after page of pedestrian prose.2517. pediatrician : physician specializing in children's diseases.* The family doctor advised the parents to consult a pediatrician about their child's194ailment.2520. pellucid : transparent; limpid; easy to understand* After reading these stodgy philosophers, I find his pellucid style very enjoyable.2521. penance : self-imposed punishment for sin* The Ancient Mariner said, \I have penance done and penance more will do,\to atonefor the sin of killing the albatross.2523. pendant : hanging down from something* Her pendant earrings glistened in the light.2524. pendant : ornament (hanging from a necklace, etc.)* The grateful team presented the coach with a silver chain and pendant engraved withthe school's motto.2525. pendulous : hanging; suspended* The pendulous chandeliers swayed in the breeze as if they were about to fall from the ceiling.2526. penitent : repentant* When he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent.2527. pensive : dreamily thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of sadness* The pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed.2528. penumbra : partial shadow (in an eclipse)* During an eclipse, we can see an area of total darkness and a lighter area, which isthe penumbra.2530. penury : extreme poverty* When his pension fund failed, George feared he would end his days in penury.2532. perceptive : insightful; aware; wise* Although Maud was a generally perceptive critic, she had her blind sports: she couldnever see flaws in the work of her friends.2533. percussion : striking one object against another sharply* The drum is a percussion instrument.2536. peremptory : demanding and leaving no choice* From Jack's peremptory knock on the door, Jill could tell he would not give up untilshe let him in.2537. perennial : something long-lasting* Tese plants are hardy perennials and will bloom for many years.2538. perifidious : treacherous; disloyal* When Caesar realized that Brutus had betrayed him, he reproached his perfidious friend.2539. perforate : pierce; put a hole through* Before you can open the aspirin bottle, you must first perforate the plastic safety seal195that covers the cap.2540. perfunctory : superficial; not thorough; lacking interest, care, or enthusiasm* The auditor's perfunctory inspection of the books overlooked many errors.2541. perigee : point of moon's orbit when it is nearest the earth* The rocket which was designed to take photographs of the moon was launched as themoon approached its perigee.2542. perimeter : outer boundary* To find the perimeter of any quadrilateral, we add the lengths of the four sides.2544. peripheral : marginal; outer* We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring upon the outskirts of the great city.2545. periphery : edge, especially of a round surface* He sensed that there was something just beyond the periphery of his vision.2546. perjury : false testimony while under oath* When several witnesses appeared to challenge his story, he was indicted for perjury. 2547. permeable : porous; allowing passage through* Glass is permeable to light.2548. pernicious : very destructive, harmful* He argued that these books had a pernicious effect on young and susceptible minds.2549. peroration : conclusion of an oration* The peroration was largely hortatory and brought the audience to its feet clamoringfor action at its close.2551. perpetual : everlasting* Ponce de Leon hoped to find perpetual youth.2552. perquisite : any gain above stipulated salary* The perquisites attached to this job make it even more attractive than the salary indicates.2553. personable : attractive* The man I am seeking to fill this position must be personable since he will be representing us before the public.2554. perspicacious : having insight; penetrating; astute* The brillant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions.2555. perspicuity : clearness of expression; freedom from ambiguity* One of the outstanding features of this book is the perspicuity of its author; her meaning is always clear.2556. perspicuous : plainly expressed* Her perspicuous comments eliminated all posibility of misinterpretation.2558. pertinacious : stubborn; persistent196* He is bound to succeed because his pertinacious nature will not permit him to quit.2559. pertinent : suitable; to the point* The lawyer wanted to know all the pertinent details.2560. perturb : disturb greatly* I am afraid this news will perturb him and cause him grief.2561. perusal : reading* I am certain that you have missed important details in your rapid perusal of this document.2562. pervasive : spread throughout* Despite airing them for several hours, she could not rid her clothes of the pervasiveodor of mothbals that clung to them.2563. perverse : stubbornly wrongheaded; wicked and unacceptable* When Hannibal Lecter was in a perverse mood, he ate the flesh of his victims.2564. perversion : corruption; turning from right to wrong* Inasmuch as he had no motive for his crimes, we could not understand his perversion.2565. pessimism : belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess* The good news we have been receiving lately indicates that there is little reason foryour pessimism.2568. petrify : turn to stone* His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her.2572. phenomena : observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation* We kept careful records of the phenomena we noted in the course of these experiments.2574. philanthropist : lover of mankind; doer of good* As he grew older, he became famous as a philanthropist and benefactor of the needy. 2577. philology : study of language* The professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international language.2590. pinnacle : peak* We could see the morning sunlight illuminate the pinnacle while the rest of the mountain lay in shadow.2598. placate : pacify; conciliate* The teacher tried to placate the angry mother.2600. placid : peaceful; calm* After his vacation in this placid section, he felt soothed and rested.2602. plaintive : mournful* The dove has a plaintive and melancholy call1972606. plauditory : approving; applauding* The theatrical company reprinted the plauditory comments of the critics in its advertisement.2607. plausible : having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious* Even though your argument is plausible, I still would like to have more proof.2609. plenary : complete; full* The union leader was given plenary power to negotiate a new contract withthe employers.2610. plenitude : abundance; completeness* Looking in the pantry, we admired the plenitude of fruits and pickles we had preserved during the summer.2612. pliable : flexible; yielding; adaptable* In remodeling the bathroom, we replaced all the old, rigid lead pipes with new, pliable copper tubing.2620. poignancy : quality of being deeply moving; keenness of emotion* Watching the tearful reunion of the long-separated mother and child, the social worker was touched by the poignancy of the scene.2621. polarize : split into opposite extremes or camps* The abortion issue has polarized the country into pro-choice and anti-abortion camps. 2623. politic : expedient; prudent; well devised* Even though he was disappointed, he did not think it politic to refuse the offer.2624. polity : form of government of nation or state* Our polity should be devoted to the concept that the government should strive for thegood of all citizens.2625. polygamist : one who has more than one spouse at a time* He was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him.2626. polyglot : speaking several languages* New York City is a polyglot community because of the thousands of immigrants whosettle there.2628. ponderous : weighty; unwieldy* His humor lacked the light touch; his jokes were always ponderous.2632. portend : foretell; presage* The king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers to interpret them.2633. portent : sign; omen; forewarning* He regarded the black cloud as a portent of evil.2634. portly : stout; corpulent* The salesclerk tactfully referred to the overweight customer as portly rather than fat.1982637. posthumous : after death (as of child born after father's death or book publishedafter author's death)* The critics ignored his works during his lifetime; it was only after the posthumous publication of his last novel that they recognized his great talent.2639. posture : assume an affected pose; act artificially* No matter how much Arnold boasted or postured, I could not believe he was as important as he pretended to be.2640. potable : suitable for drinking* The recent drought in the Middle Atlantic States has emphasized the need for extensive research in ways of making sea water potable.2641. potent : powerful; persuasive; greatly influential* The jury was swayed by the highly potent testimony of the crime's sole eye witness. 2642. potentate : monarch; sovereign* The potentate spent more time at Monte Carlo than he did at home on his throne.2643. potential : expressing possibility; latent* The juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer.2647. practicable : feasible* The board of directors decided that the plan was practicable and agreed to undertakethe project.2648. practical : based on experience; useful* He was a practical man, opposed to theory2649. pragmatic : practical (as opposed to idealistic); concerned with the practical worth or impact of something* This coming trip to France should provide me with a pragmatic test of thevalue ofmy conversational French class.2650. pragmatist : practical person* No pragmatist enjoys becoming involved in a game that he can never win2653. preamble : introductory statement* In the preamble to the Constitution, the purpose of the document is set forth.2654. precarious : uncertain; risky* I think this stock is a precarious investment and advise against its purchase.2655. precedent : something preceding in time that may be used as an authority or guide for future action* This decision sets a precedent for future cases of a similar nature.2656. precedent : preceding in time, rank, etc.* Our discussions, precedent to this event, certainly did not give you any reason to believe that we would adopt your proposal.2657. precept : practical rule guiding conduct199* \Love thy neighbor as thyself\ is a worthwhile precept.2658. precipice : cliff; dangerous position* Suddenly Indiana Jones found himself dangling from the edge of a precipice2659. precipitate : headlong; rash* Do not be precipitate in this matter; investigate further.2660. precipitate : throw headlong; hasten* The removal of American political support appeared to have precipitated the downfall of the Marcos regime.2661. precipitous : steep; overhasty* This hill is difficult to climb because it is so precipitous; one slip, and our descentwill be precipitous as well.2662. precise : exact* If you don't give me precise directions and a map, I'll never find your place.2663. preclude : make impossible; eliminate* This contract does not preclude my being employed by others at the same time that Iam working for you.2664. precocious : advanced in development* By her rather adult manner of discussing serious topics, the child demonstrated thatshe was precocious.2665. precursor : forerunner* Though Gray and Burns share many traits with the Romantic poets who followed them, most critics consider them precursors of the Romantic Movement, not true Romantics.2666. predatory : plundering* The hawk is a predatory bird.2667. predecessor : former occupant of a post* I hope I can live up to the fine example set by my late predecessor in this office.2668. predilection : partiality; preference* Although the artist used various media from time to time, she had a predilection for watercolors.2669. preeminent : outstanding; superior* The king traveled to Boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operation.2670. preempt : head off; forestall by acting first; appropriate for oneself; supplant* Hoping to preempt any attempts by the opposition to make educational reform a hot political issue, the candidate set out her own plan to revitalize the public schools.2673. prehensile : capable of grasping or holding* Monkeys use not only their arms and legs but also their prehensile tails in traveling200through the trees.2675. prelude : introduction; forerunner* I am afraid that this border raid is the prelude to more serious attacks.2677. premise : assumption; postulate* Because Jack had based his argument upon a faulty premise, his opponent cheerfully pointed out the holes in his logic.2679. premonitory : serving to warn* You should have visited a doctor as soon as you felt these premonitory chest pains.2680. preponderance : superiority of power, quantity, etc.* The rebels sought to overcome the preponderance of strength of the government forces by engaging in guerrilla tactics.2681. preposterous : absurd; ridiculous* When the candidate tried to downplay his youthful experiments with marijuana by saying he hadn't inhaled, we all thought, \What a preposterous excuse!\2682. prerogative : privilege; unquestionable right* The President cannot levy taxes; that is the prerogative of the legislative branch of government.2683. presage : foretell* The vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of the corpse in the desert.2684. prescience : ability to foretell the future* Given the current wave of Japan-bashing, it does not take prescience for me to foresee problems in our future trade relations with Japan.2685. presentiment : premonition; foreboding* Hamlet felt a presentiment about his meeting with Laertes.2686. prestige : impression produced by achievements or reputation* The wealthy man sought to obtain social prestige by contributing to popular charities. 2688. pretentious : ostentatious; ambitious* I do not feel that your limited resources will permit you to carry out such a pretentious program.2689. preternatural : beyond that which is normal in nature* John's mother's total ability to tell when he was lying struck him as almost preternatural.2690. pretext : excuse* He looked for a good pretext to get out of paying a visit to his aunt.2691. prevail : induce; triumph over* He tried to prevail on her to type his essays for him.2692. prevalent : widespread; generally accepted* A radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative201。
英语四六级考试词汇复习必备：8天攻克8000词汇（七）
英语四六级考试词汇复习必备：8天攻克8000词汇（七）无忧英语编辑整理/doc/0615519888.html, 英语四级、英语六级、专业四级、专业八级考试历年真题听力下载模拟预测试题下载PART III SENTENCE1. abbreviate : shorten* Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech.2. abate : subside or moderate* Rather than leaving immediately, they waited for the storm to abate.3. absolute : complete; totally unlimited; certain* Although the King of Siam was an absolute monarch, he did not want to behead his unfaithful wife without absolute evidence of her infidelity.4. abstract : theoretical; not concrete; non-representational* To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal.5. abusive : coarsely insulting; physically harmful* An abusive parent damages a child both mentally and physically.6. accelerate : move faster* In our science class, we learn how falling bodies accelerate.7. accessible : easy to approach; obtainable* We asked our guide whether the ruins were accessible on foot.8. abscond : depart secretly and hide* The teller absconded with the bonds and was not found.9. aberrant : abnormal or deviant* Given the aberrant nature of the data, we came to doubt the validity of the entire experiment.14. adulterate : make impure by mixing with baser substances* It is a crime to adulterate foods without informing the buyer.15. adversity : poverty, misfortune* We must learn to meet adversity gracefully.16. abase : lower; degrade; humiliate* Anna expected to have to curtsy to the King of Siam; when told to cast herself down on the ground before him, however she refused to abase herself.17. abash : embarrass* He was not at all abashed by her open admiration.18. abdicate : renounce; give up* When Edward VII abdicated the British throne, he surprised the entire world.20. abject : wretched; lacking pride* On the streets of New York the homeless live in abject poverty, huddling in doorways to find shelter from the wind.21. abjure : renounce upon oath* He abjured his allegiance to the king.24. abominate : loathe; hate* Moses scolded the idol worshippers in the tribe because he abominated the custom.25. abrasive: rubbing away; tending to grind down* Just as abrasive cleaning powders can wear away a shiny finish, abrasive remarks can wear away a listener's patience.26. abrogate : abolish* He intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor.27. absolve : pardon (an offense)* The father confessor absolved him of his sins.28. abstain : refrain; withhold from participation* After considering the effect of alcohol on his athletic performance, he decided to abstain from drinking while he trained for the race.31. accede : agree* If I accede to this demand for blackmail, I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands.32. acclimate : adjust to climate or environment* One of the difficulties of our present air age is the need of travelers to acclimate themselves to their new and often strange environments.33. acclivity : sharp upslope of a hill* The car could not go up the acclivity in high gear.35. accord : agreement* She was in complete accord with the verdict.36. accost : approach and speak first to a person* When the two young men accosted me, I was frightened because I thought they were going to attack me.38. accretion : growth; increase* The accretion of wealth marked the family's rise in power.39. accrue : come about by addition* You must pay the interest that has accrued on your debt as well as the principal sum.40. acidulous : slightly sour; sharp; caustic* James was unpopular because of his sarcastic and acidulous remarks.42. acquiesce : assent; agree passively* Although she appeared to acquiesce to her employer'ssuggestions, I could tell she had reservations about the changes he wanted made.43. acquittal : deliverance from a charge* His acquittal by the jury surprised those who had thought him guilty.45. acrimonious : stinging, caustic* His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his audience.47. actuate : motivate* I fail to understand what actuated you to reply to this letter so nastily.53. adherent : supporter; follower* In the wake of the scandal, the senator's one-time adherent quietly deserted him.54. adjunct : something attached to but holding an inferior position* I will entertain this concept as an adjunct to the main proposal.55. adjuration : solemn urging* Her adjuration to tell the truth did not change the witnesses' testimony.57. admonish : warn; reprove* He admonished his listeners to change their wicked ways.58. adorn : decorate* Wall paintings and carved statues adorned the temple.61. advent : arrival* Most Americans were unaware of the advent of the Nuclear Age until the news of Hiroshima reached them.62. adventitious : accidental; casual* He found this adventitious meeting with his friendextremely fortunate.63. adversary : opponent; enemy* Batman struggled to save Gotham City from the machinations of his wicked adversary, the Joker.64. adverse : unfavorable; hostile* adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business.65. advert : refer to* Since you advert to this matter so frequently, you must regard it as important.66. advocate : urge; plead for* The abolitionists advocated freedom for the slaves.68. affable : courteous* Although he held a position of responsibility, he was an affable individual and could be reached by anyone with a complaint.74. affix : attach or add on; fasten* First the registrar had to affix his signature to the license; then he had to affix his official seal.75. affluence : abundance; wealth* Foreigners are amazed by the affluence and luxury of the American way of life.76. affront : insult; offend* Accustomed to being treated with respect, Miss Challoner was affronted byVidal's offensive behavior.80. aggrandize : increase or intensify; raise in power, wealth, rank or honor* The history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress.81. aggregate : sum; total* The aggregate wealth of this country is staggering to the imagination.83. agility : nimbleness* The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrilled the audience.84. agitate : stir up; disturb* Her fiery remarks agitated the already angry mob.85. agnostic : one who is skeptical of the existence of knowability of a god or any ultimate reality* The agnostic demanded proof before she would accept the statement of the minister.87. agrarian : pertaining to land or its cultivation* As a result of its recent industrialization, the country is gradually losing its agrarian traditions.91. alias : an assumed name* John Smith's alias was Bob Jones.92. alienate : make hostile; separate* Her attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.93. alimentary : supplying nourishment* The alimentary canal in our bodies is so named because digestion of foods occurs there.94. alimony : payments make to an ex-spouse after divorce* Because T ony had supported Tina through medical school, on their divorce he asked the court to award him $500 a month in alimony.95. allay : calm; pacify* The crew tried to allay the fears of the passengers by announcing that the fire had been controlled.96. allege : state without proof* It is alleged that she had worked for the enemy.98. alleviate : relieve* This should alleviate the pain; if it does not, we shall have to use stronger drugs.100. alloy : mixture as of metals* alloy of gold are used more frequently than the pure metal.101. allude : refer indirectly* Try not to allude to this matter in his presence because the topic annoys him.无忧英语编辑整理/doc/0615519888.html, 英语四级、英语六级、专业四级、专业八级考试历年真题听力下载模拟预测试题下载。
8天速记3500单词课程来奇速英语集训营
8天速记3500单词课程来奇速英语集训营首先，为什么孩子记不住英语单词？有一位伟人说得好：“我们要战胜敌人，首先要找出敌人在哪里。
若你连敌人在哪里都不知道，又怎么去制定战略战术呢？”同理，我们要想打单词，最重要的是找出为什么记不住单词。
如果你能在一天之内记住800多个不熟悉的英语单词，并且第二天没有忘记，甚至过了很久还记得，那么剩下的就基本不用看了(当然这不是大多数人能做到的)。
如果你对一天背300个单词没有完全的把握，那么接下来的内容对你来说就非常重要了！1. 不懂得英语单词的构造原理一个单词为什么是这个意思？为什么要用这一串字母来为其造字？出于什么样的造字考虑呢？这些“造字机理”方面的事情，历史上从来没有一本书将其讲清讲透，因此中国人面对英语单词就像面对一个个密码，即使背下来了，也同样疑惑重重，没有找到可靠的解义线索和记忆线索，大部分靠死记硬背。
2. 汉语是表意系统，英语是表音系统每一个人都有学会任何国家语言的能力，甚至是动物的语言，狼孩儿就是很好的例子。
但这种能力是有时限性的，年龄越小越能自动习得。
婴儿出生后的0 ~ 6 个月是学习语言的关键期，虽然他还不会说话，但已经开始大量吸收信息。
所以简单来说，人类有先天学会母语的能力，并且在学会母语的过程中，大脑的思维能力同步成长，就好比给大脑安装了语言软件，只不过汉语安装的是表意系统的软件，英语安装的是表音系统的软件。
因为两种语言有很大的差异，所以我们就会先入为主，在学习另外一种语言时出现不兼容的情况。
3. 先学汉语拼音，后学英语，难免混淆视听汉语拼音先入为主的“相克”效应，会对我们记忆英语单词产生一定的影响。
很多人是从小学一年级起就开始学拼音，到了初中一年级才开始学英语的。
这就造成了在正式学习英语单词的几年前就先以汉语拼音的方式接触了26 个拉丁文字母。
这种先入为主，直接影响了我们对同由拉丁文字母组成的另一个符号系统——英文单词的正确认识，进而导致两者混淆视听。
《考研英语单词8000》
1. 生活词汇，生活中，到处充满了词汇。
Pepsi 百事可乐，pepsin胃蛋白酶, 胃液素peptic助消化的, 胃蛋白酶的所以百事可乐的意思是什么？消化的可乐，有胃口的可乐，喝了以后有胃口的可乐。
Appetitive 有食欲的，消化的。
Sprite 鬼怪, 小妖精, 调皮鬼下面几个词汇男同学你告诉我。
游戏词汇Contra counterstrikeHeart spade club diamond实际上，扑克就是国家的一种描述，在和平的年代里面，那些成天打仗的贵族，无聊，于是发面了一个供娱乐的模拟的战争游戏。
所以你会发现各个牌都告诉了你他的意思A代表ACE一流的生活中充满了巧合在扑克发明了600多年之后的今天，还有一个战争机构也用ACE来表示自己的名字，这个机构就是Allied Command Europe, 欧洲盟军司令部。
K kingQ QUEENJ jack 杰克这个是西方社会，最常见的first name 引申为，臣子，大臣，泛指一些在朝中当官的人。
四个花色也有深刻的意义。
代表了战争的四个要素。
“铁锹”犹如士兵的剑SpadeClub “棍棒”是来自于古罗马的象征者权利的束棒，象征着权利。
“钻石”意味着财富Diamond“心”保卫国家的衷心Heart电脑词汇电影和歌曲词汇。
2. 谐音联想记忆法谐音单词的拆分记忆basin（盆地）=base+in-中间低下去-当然是盆地了between（两者之间）=be+two+intwin 双生子＝two + incombat（打斗）=com +beat-过来打-打斗、战斗1. 辅音字母的转化1.c－k－g－quc--k kindle 发光=candle 烛光g--k stink 刺鼻的、发出臭味的= sting 刺g--c pigment 色素=pict+ mentk-qu check = cheque2.b-p lambent 闪烁的= lamp ent ＝发柔光的3 v--f wife -- wivesbelieve - belief 信念4.t--d rodent = rat + dent 啮齿动物2. 形近字母的转换u - v - wu--v nausea --- navy+ seat ＝晕船海军都是站着的，准备打仗，突然不站立了为什么？v--w renovation -- re + new + tion ＝革新n—m brink边缘---brim边缘3、元音(a,e,i,o,u,y)可以互换1. 单个元音字母的互换begin--began--begunaperture 裂缝= apart +ture2. 元音字母组合的互换seat--sit--satbaton ＝beat + on 鼓棒、指挥棒、权杖、警棍combat ＝com + beat 战斗3. 元辅字母组合的互换flower = florid 像花一样的Florence 花之城佛罗伦萨Flora 花神4. 元音字母的脱落Father=pater 来自于莎士比亚所以patriot 爱国者compatriot 同胞s- t -d rat －abrade v.磨损－abrasion n.磨损f-ph--p piscatology= ＝捕鱼学pyromania 放火狂b-p-f-v proveproof 证据、考验probe 探测(以证实猜想) DNA技术使用的探针、BELL Bellona 贝娄娜，罗马神话女战神，我们知道罗马神话，主要就是抄袭自希腊神话，比如希腊神话主神叫宙斯，在罗马神话被成为朱比特，也就是我们说的木星这个单词，那我问一下大家，罗马除了抄袭希腊神话，罗马人自己有没有神话，当然有，像Bellona本身就是罗马土生土长的神，我们称为土神，这个土神是女战神，同时又是一个性感美女，所以这个单词引伸出的词根bell就有两个意思，一个是bell 表示打，另一个意识是表示美好。
新东方魔鬼训练营8天攻克8000词汇
EP/EPI①on, upon, over②side →not centric ephemer al adj.short‐livedepiphyte n.non‐par asit i c plant growing on anotherepitaph n.grave inscript ionepithet n.descript ive nicknameHYPO/HYP under,belong hypo crisy n. crit ics insincerityhypo therm ia n.毛病warm subnormal temperaturehypo thet ical adj.放置assumedTHERM/THE RMO warm,temperature therm al adj.keeping warmthermocouple n.temperature gaugethermo nuclear adj.nuclear react ion requiring high heatthermo cline n.area between warm and cold water BELL war re bel n./adj./v.oppose by forceante bell um adj.before the warbel l ic ose adj.quarrelsomebel l iger ence n.aggressivenessbel l iger ent adj inclined or eager to fightPACT/PEASE①agree②fasten paci fy vt.to make peacefulpacif i st n./vt.者one who oppcoses warpact n.solemn agreementap pease vt.＋to calm by sat i sfyingHOSP/HOST host hostage n.person held by party in a conflicthospice n. A shelter or lodging for travelershostel n.inexpensive lodging placein hospit able adj.－un friend l yAM/IM love param our n.人lov er in an adulterous relat ionship.in imi cal adj.－injurious or harmful in effecten amor ed adj.＋fell foramat eur n. A person who engages in…(not p) CRIM crime re crimina tion n.counterattackin crimin ate vt.＋accusede criminal ize vt.－reduce penalty forcrimin ology n.学科study of il l egal behaviorPROB ／PROV prove / test re prob ate v./n./a.－rascalprob ity n.人格utter honestydis prove v.Demonstrate (证实不)ap probation n.＋ap provalGRA V Heavy( 心理／物理)gravid adj. pregnantgravit as n.抽象solemn dignitygravit ate v.move toward as if drawngrav ity n.seriousnessLEV Light →raise, rise al levi ate vt.＋relieveelev ate vt.lift, raiseleaven ing n.something that lightenslev ity ck of seriousnessAG increaseadd agit ate v.shake uplit ig ate v.(letter) argue in courtpro dig al adj./n.＋lavishsynagogue n.templeVEN/VENT wal k, go ad vent n.＋arrivalpro ven ance n.＋originventure some adj.主动daringvenue n.placeCAP ／CEP／CIP hold,take re cep tion n.receivingin cipi ent adj.beginningper cept ible adj.＋not iceable/obvious/apparentsus cept ible adj./n.(sub) easily influencedFIN last →terminal→boundar y→limitin finite simal adj./n.－t iny (smal l)af fin ity n.人格＋attract i on/sympathyde fini t ive adj.－ult imatefinite adj.limitedJAC/JEC cast ad ja cent adj.＋near/touching/bordering near bycon jec ture n./v.合suppose/conclude/guessde jected adj.－downcast/depressed/forlorntra jec tory n.curve/path/lineTRACT draw de tract v.－de crease/di minish/minimizepro tract ed a．推迟lengthened/cont inued/extendedre trac tion n.否withdrawal/dis avowal/de nialin tract able adj.－un control l able/stubborn/un touchable DUC lead con duc ive n.helpfulde duc t ion n.－sub tract ionseduc t ion n.temptat ionin duce vt.－persuadeSEC ／SEQU fol l ow con sequen t ial adj.signif i cantexe cute vt.produceob sequ ious adj.－flatteringsequen tial adj.orderedAMBI /AMPHI both sides →aroundAmphibian adj./n.living both on land and in wateramphitheater n.stage surrounded with t iered seatsambigu ous adj.having more than oneambi ent adj./n.surroundingambiva lent adj.waveringambul ance n.equipped vehicle used to transport the sick or injuredim pediment n.－obstaclepedestrian adj./n.ordinaryFLEC/FLEX bend de flec t v.turn asideflex or n.musclegenu flec t v.kneel (gene)in flec tion n.change in pitchPOST after, back poster ior adj.on the backpost hum ous adj.occurring after death (human, humid, water, earth )postmo dern adj./ing past styles anti-modernpost mor tem adj./n.死after the eventMAL bad ill evil malevol ent adj.wishing evilmalici ous adj.meanmal ign adj./v.speak ill (design, sign)mal nour ish ed adj.fed poorlyCATA down cataclysm n.natural disastercata comb n.underground cemeterycata lys t n.agent of change (loose)catato nic n./adj.mot ionless (move)PROT/ PROTO in front of the first protago nist n.hero or heroineprotocol n.rules of behaviorprotoplasm n.cell contentsprototype n.madelANTE in front of before anteri or adj.towards the frontantechamb er n.waiting roomante date n./v.to date b eforeante meridiem adv.before noonORTH/ ORTHO direct, straight orthodox adj.conventionalortho dont ics n.dentistry for crooked teethortho ped ics n. 学科treatment of skeletal defectsortho graphy n.语言文字correct spellingRECT direct, straight recti tude n.品德integrityrecti fy vt.make rightrectilin ear adj.moving in a straight linerect or n.headmast erEU good, well eu geni c adj.＋promoting superior (gene)euphem ism n.polite termeupho ria n.great happinessevangel ism n.crusading zealDYS/DIS against dysfunctio nal n.impaireddys lex ia n.reading disorder (read)dys pep tic n./adj.beset by indigestion (digest)dys trophy n.奖品muscular deteriorationROG ask request ab rog ate vt.neglect, abolish, ignorear rog ate v.claim, seize, grabde roga tory adj.critical, unflattering, scornfulpre roga tive n.right, power, privilegeQUIS ask request in quisi tion n.interrogation, inquiryper qui site n.privilege, bonus, rightac quisi tive adj.grasping, grabby, greedyre quisi tion n./vt.purchase order, request, demandPLE PLI PL Y①fold ②multiply ③fullCom ple ment n./vt.number required, counterpartde plete vt.draw down, drainim ple ment n./vt./v＋put into practice, put to usere plete adj.abundantly, fullMATR measure metr ic adj relating to poetic rhythm, relating to a measuring systemodo me ter n.distance measurer (distance)sym metri cal adj.balanced (same)tachometer n.speed measurerAUD hearing audi tor n.financial examin eraudi tory adj.relating to hearingaudi tion n. a critical hearingin audi ble adj.im possible to hearSON sound dis son ant adj.un harmoniousre son ance n.continuing or echoing soundson ic adj.involving soundult rasound n.diagnostic technique (alt→out)ERR stray→walk ab err ant adj.deviating from the propererr ant adj.rovingerra tic adj./n.having no fixed ,wandering.errone ous adj.mistakenCED/CES pace, walk, progress ac cede v.to give one's consentante ced ent n./adj.one that precedes another.con ces sion n.the act of concedingpre ced ent n.an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances VID/VIS appear, look, vision vis age n.appearancevis-à-vis n./prep./ad pared tovision ary adj./n. 人prophetvisita tion n.official callSPIC/ SPEC look, watch au spici ous n.＋favorable, promisingcon spicu ous adj. 一起noticeableintro spec tion n. 自己self-examinationper spicaci ous adj. 提前shrewdVOC/VOK sound, voice equ ivoc ate vi. 等to avoid making an explicit statementir revoc able adj.－impossible to retract or revokepro voke v.to incite to anger or resentmentvoci fer ous adj.vehement outcry (carry)PHON sound caco phony n.discordant sound (disorder)phone tic adj.representing the sounds of speech with a set of distinct symbolspoly phon ic adj. 多two or more phonetic values, music of polyphonysym phon y plex sonata (same)CUR cure→care cura tive n./adj.heal ingcurat or n.caretak erpro cure v.obtainsine cure n. 罪恶easy job, effortlessPERI around perime ter n.boundaryperio don tal adj.around a toothperipate tic n./adj.wanderingperiphe ral n./adj.supplementarySENT/ SENS s ense sensation al adj.抽outstandingly overconfidentsenti ent adj./n.receiving perceptionssenti ment n.opinion colored by emotionsensu ous adj.gratifying the sensesSOPH wisdom sophis try n.false reasoningsophisticat ed adj.highly complexsophomo ric adj.immaturely overconfidenttheo soph y n.doctrine of God and the worldTEND/stretch,tendent ious adj.marked by a strong implicit point of viewTENT extend por tend v. pro to serve as an omen or a warning of; presagedis tend v.to swell out or expand fromex tenu ate vt.palliate, to make thin or emaciatedPEBD/ PENS h ang ap pend age n.an adjunctex pend vt.to lay out; spendpro pens ity n.predilectionstipend n. a fixed and regular paymentPAN general all complete pana cea n. a cure-allpandemon ium n. a very noisy placepanegy ric n.an encomiumpanoply n.ceremonial attire with all accessories EXTRA ex tra extrane ous adj.irrelevant, extrinsicextramun dane adj.occurring or existing outside of the universeextrapol ate v.estimate by projecting known information.extro vert n.an individual interested in others (shift) PHOS/ PHOT light p hos p horesc ent adj.glowingphoto geni c n.visually appealing （gene）phot on n.elemental 光子photo synthe sis n.production of organic matter (综合)LUC light e lucid ate vt. ex clarifyluc ent adj.brightly clearlucubra tion n.hard studytrans luc ent adj.passing diffused lightMOR/ MORT dead im mortal ity n.endless lifemori bund a./n.about to die (boundary)mortic ian n.funeral directormorti fy 物质v.to cause to experience wounded prideNEC NIC NOX damage injury inter nec ine adj.ruinous or fatal to both sidesnecro sis n.death of cellsnoxi ous adj.injurious to healthper nici ous adj.deadly (throw out)HER HES stick in her ent a.＋in heritedinco her ent a.－confusedco hes ion n.unityad her ent n.＋followerFUG flee escape subter fug e n.underhanded (plot)fugue n./v.musical formfugi tive 人 a./n.escapeecentri fuge n.moving outwardCOSM order harmony cosme tic n./a.for the sake of appearancecosm ology n.decryption of the universecosmopoli tan n./a.sophisticatedcosmos n.universeSCI know understa nd con scientious a dj.scru pulous, observableomni science n.universal knowledge (all, complete)pre scient adj.having for esightunconscion able a.－in excus able 意识JUNCT connect join ad junct n./a.add itiondis junction n.breakin junction n.－orderjunta n.groupPART local limit→part parti san n.supporterparticiple n.verb partim part ial adj.fairim part vt.dis closeMIT MIS send e miss ary 人n. ex agentmanu mis sion n.emancipation, release, liberate (hand)mis sive n.letterre mitt ance n.paymentPEL PULS drive com pel vt.drive irresistibly (force)ex pel v.drive outim pel vt.force by moral pressurere puls ion n.disgustPUT think dis putati ous adj.－argumentativeim pute vt.－attributeputa tive adj.＋assumedre put ed adj.－believedLOG word→speech eu logy n.＋high praisemono logue n.speech (single)neol ogism n.new wordgene alogy n.family historyTERR earth par terre n.theater area (part)sub terranean adj.under the groundterrar ium n.地点containedterres trial adj.earthlyMAR sea aqua mar ine n.blue-green gemmar ina n.small harbormarin er n.seamanmarit ime adj.near the seaPATH affinity ap athetic adj.－indifferent①attraction,②sympathy emotion, same sufferingem pathy n. in pitypath ology n.patho biologysocio path n.antisocial behaviorPEN/ PUN punish im pun ity n.－exemption from punishmentpen al adj.prescribing punishmentpen ance n./vt.voluntarily to show sorrowpuni tive adj.punishingMATR/ METR mother matern ity n./adj.motherhood, motherlinessmatri culate v./n.enroll, sign up at schoolmatri line al adj.through the mother’s (female)familymetropoli tan adj.urban, cityMONI warn criticize ad moni sh vt.scold, gently correctmoni tory adj./n.cautionary, giving warningmoni tor vt./v./n watch, regulatepre moni tion n.forewarning, early suspicionCANT sing in canta tion n.－ritual chantcantata n.sung compositioncant or n.sing erdes cant v.added melodyLUD/ LUS play, game allude vi.refercol lus ion n.illegal cooperationludicr ous ughablepre lude n.introductionPHAN/ PHEN appear phantasm n.an apparitionphantasmagoria n. a constantly changing scenephen omen on n. a occurrence that is perceptible by the senses.diaphan ous adj.to be transparent or translucentVER just a ver vt.－assertver ify vt.confirm, substantiateveri similar adj.appearing to be true or real; probablever ity n.factual, or realTURB turn per turb v.upset, dis turbturb ine n.engine, turning engineturbu lent adj.churning, seethingturb id adj.confused, murkyVOLU/ VOLV roll wind twist de volution n.－handing down, degeneratione volution n.process of development, progressvoluble adj.talkative, fluentcon voluted adj.winding, circulation, complicatedFAC/ FEC/ FIC do make act con fec tion n.candyfac ile adj.easyol fac tory adj.sense of smellUT/US use usu fruct n./vt.the right to useusu ry n.illegally high rateutilita rian adj./n.interests of utilityutil ity efulnessUMBR shade ①alike ②不完全像ad umbr ate vt.＋partiallypen umbr a n.near shadow (part)umber n./a./vt brownish colorumbr age n.resentmentVEST cloth di vest v.－get rid ofin vesti ture n.＋进installing in officetrans vest ite n.cross-dress er (shift)tra vest y n./vt.imitationTHE/ THEO god apo theo sis n.抽perfect example (pose)a theis tic adj.－non god believingpan thei stic adj.accepting all gods (all)theo cracy n. king state ruled by religionDE/DIV god de ity n.supreme beingdues ex machine dramatic devicedivin ity n.godlinessdivinat ory adj.propheticDEMO people demo graph ic adj.describing populations (graph)en demi c n.nativepan demi c adj.widespreaddemo tic monPOPUL population vox p opuli n public opinion (voice)popul ist n.believer in the peoplepopul ace n.massespopul ous adj.numerousPOLIS/ POLIT city acro polis n.citadel of an ancient Greek city (high)megalo polis n. a single urban complex (huge)polit ic adj.suavepolit icize vt./vi to engage in or discuss politicsCIRCU/ CIRCUM around circuit ous adj.taking a roundaboutcircumferen ce n.the boundary line of a circlecircum spect adj.看prudentcircum vent vt.走to surround (an enemy, for example)CORD/ CORE heart ac cord －n./vt/vi make an agreementcon cord ance n.agreementcord ial n./adj.gracious, a tonicdis cord ant adj.－inconsistentCULP blame guilt culp able adj.blameworthyexcu lp ate v.to clear of guilt or blame excusemea culp a n. my acknowledgment of a personal error or faultin culp ate vt.－to in criminateDIC speech word inter dic tion n.forbiddenjuris dic tion n.authority or controledict n.decreemale dic tion n.the calling down of a curseGNI/ GNO know, understand co gni tive adj.relating to cognitiondia gno sis n.the opinion derived from such an evaluationinco gnito (incog) a./adv.with one's identity disguised or concealed－pro gno sis n. a forecast or predictionAPT/ EPT skill, fit in ept adj.－awkwardad ept ＋adj./n.proficient, expertaptit ude n.抽ability, natural talentad apta tion n.＋process of changeART art skulduggery arti san n.skilled craft man (super)arti fice n.slynessarti fact n.man-made objectart ful adj.skillfully slyart less adj.naiveCAD/ CID/ CAS fall cadav er n.corpsecasual ty n.serious injuryde cad ent －adj./n.self-indulgentre cidi vism n.物质backslidingCIS cut, kill con cise adj.shortex cise n./vt.cut outin cis ive adj.directpre cis ion n.accuracyCRYPT/ CRYPH hide apo cryp hal adj.fakecrypt ic adj.mysteriouscrypto graphy n.code writingcrypt n.tombAB/ABS－abs cond vi.fleeabs temi ous adj.self-controlled (touch, hold, have)abs tract ion n.theory (draw) Ⅱabs tru se adj.difficult (poke)PED child ped agogue n.an educator (drive)pedo phil ia n. love attraction felt by an adult toward childrenpedag ogy n.抽educationen cyclo ped ic adj.thorough encyclopediapediatri cian n.人revivalped ant n.人show off →boring teacherNASC/ NAT/ NAI bear, born in nat e adj.＋present from birthnasc ent adj.beginning, incipientre naiss ance n.revivalcog nat e adj.relatedFER carry trans ference n.act or process of transferring (shift)de feren tial adj.－yielding, showing strong respectfert ile adj.productivein fer ence n.implied conclusionpr oli fer ate v.multiply (nutrition)TRANS shift trans figur ation n.glorification (figure)trans fus e vt.transfer (slosh)trans ient adj./n.passingtrans cen dent adj.supreme (claim)PON/POS place com pon ent n./adj.partdis posi tion n.personalityre posi tory n.storage containersuper impose v.place over (high)TEN/ TIN/ TAIN touch hold havesus tenta tion n. a supportsus tenta tive adj./n.suspensoryten able adj.reason ableab stin ence n.－refraining from i ndulging an appetite, nourishmenttenaci ous adj.strong, stickingTERM limit, last in determi nate adj.－un certainin termin able adj.－eternaltermi nal adj./n.fataltermin ology n.vocabulary (language)MONO single mono gam ous adj.one husband with one wifemono graph n.limited subjectmonolith ic n.uniformmono thei sm n.believe only one GodUNI single Unitar ian n./adj. a monotheist who is not a Christianuni son n./adj.concordunilater al adj.undertaken by only one sideuni cam eral adj.consisting of a single legislative cham berVINC/ VICT conquer e vinc e vt.外revealin vinc ible adj.un conquerable pro vinci al adj.localvictim ize v.deceiveSPHER ball strato sphere n.upper atmospherebio sphere n.life zone (biology)hemi sphere n.half-sphere (half)spher ical adj.globelikeVERT/ VERS change, shift di vert v.－entertainper verse adj.wrongheaded (thorough)a vert v.－avoidversa tile adj.with many useMORPH shape, figure am orph ous adj.shape lessanthrop omorph ic adj.human and god have the same charactermeta morpho sis n.离心change in appearance，character, condition…morph ology n.branch of biologyFORM shape, figure form form at n./vt plan or arrange in a specified form, computerforma tive adj.forming or capable of formingformal ity n.quality or condition of being formalcon form vt/vi/a.agree, be similar, adaptDOC/ DOCT teach in doctrin ate v.fill with a point of view, instruct thoroughlydoctrina ire n.by the rule, rigidly principleddoc ile adj.easily led, tamedoctr ine n.principle, teaching actionTUT/TUI direct in tui tion n.－insight, quick understandingtui tion n.instruction, instruction coststutel age n.guardianship, safeguardtuto rial n./adj.small class, individual instructionDI/DUO double, doubt duplic ity n.being twofold or double, cheatduplex adj.twofold; doublediploma tic adj.suave, relating to diplomaticsdichot omy n.division into two opinionsBI/BIN double, doubt bilater al adj.two-sidedbipo lar adj.having two polesbi part i san adj.two major political part iesbi week ly n.happening twice a week or every two week s TOP place topi cal adj.of current interesttopi ary adj./n.ornamentally prunedec top ic adj.away from its usual placetopo graphy ndscape featuresCENTR/ CENTER exactly middle ec centric －adj./n.placed off-centerepi center n.central point (except)point ego centric adj.self-centered (self)ethno centric adj.centered on one’s own group (nation)DOM rule power pre domi nant adj.strongestdomi cile n./v.homedomi nation n.controldomi nion n.kingdomHABIT/ HIBIT reside in ex hibitio nist n.－show-offhabita tion n.dwellinghabit ual adj.customaryin hibit vt.－restrainPRO＋pro crasti n ate v.put offpro dig ious adj.enormouspro phy laxis n.disease prevention (physical)pro pit ious adj.promising (bit)PETRO again back retroac tive adj.effective as of earlierretro fit n.modernizeretro gress v.revert to an earlier state promisingretro spec tive adj.review of a body of workTEMPOR time con tempor ary n./adj.currentex temporane ous adj.－un plannedtempor al adj./n.measurable by timetempor ize v.talk to fill timeCHRON time ana chron ism n.－something from the pastchron ic adj.ongoingchron ology n.order of eventssyn chron ous adj.happening at the same timeTRI three tri cera tops n.dinosaurtri dent n. a three-pronged spear used for fishing (teeth)tri logy n.three dramatic works related in themetri nit y n.union of three divine personsANIM breed in anim ate adj.deadanimos ity n.enmitymag nanim ous adj.generous in forgivinganimat ed adj.livingFIG figure figura tive adj.metaphorical, ornatefig ment n.something invented, made up, or fabricatede ffigy n.－ a crude figure representing a hated personcon figura tion n.form, arrangement of parts or elementsANN/ENN year per enn ial adj.continuing, everlastingmill enn ium n.era of earthly paradise, thousand yearsannu ity n.yearly payment, annual paymentsuper annua ted adj.worn out, aged bi ann ual n./adj.twice each yearbi enn ial n./adj.for two yearsEV age co ev al adj./n.simultaneous, of the same agelong ev ity n.length of life, long lifemedi ev al adj.antiquated, of the Middle agesprim ev al adj.an cient, elderCORP body in corp orate a./vi/vt similar organizationcorp oral adj.bodily, armycorpu lent adj.fatcorp oreal adj.bodilyTANG/ TACT touch tang ible adj.discernible by the touch; palpabletangen tial adj.in the direction of a tangenttact ile adj./n.perceptible to the sense of touchin tact adj.un injured; not impaired in any wayCODI/ CODE code code x n.handwritten bookcodi cil n.amendmentcodi fy vt.listde code vt.－explainSIGN mark note as signa tion n.appointmentre sign n./v.acceptsigna tory n.consignersign et n./vt stampQUADR/ QUART f our quart ile n.The value of the boundary at the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentiles of a frequency distribution divided into four parts, each containing a quarter of the population.quadr iplegic n./adj.disabilityquad rille n. A square dance of French origin composed of five figures and performed by four couples. Music for this dance in 6/8 and 2/4 time.quad ruple n./vt/vi fourfoldTESSAR/ TETR four tetrahed ron n. a polyhedron with four facestetra cycline n. a broad-spectrum antibiotic C22H 24N 2O 8tetrar ch n.one of four joint rulers, a subordinate rulertetrag on n. a four-sided polygon; a quadrilateralCAPIT head de capit ate v.－be headcapita lism n.free-market systemcapitul ate vi.surrenderre capitul ate vi summarizeANTHROP human phil anthropy n.charitable act (love)mis anthropic adj.－hating humansanthrop ology n.study of cultureanthrop oid n./adj.apeCUMB/ CUB lie suc cumb vi.－give upre cumb ent adj.lying downin cub ate vt.＋broodin cumb ent adj.＋holding officeDYNAM power rule stage d ynam ic adj.energeticdynamo n.powerhousedynas ty n.ruling familyhydro dynam ic adj.relating to moving fluids (water)GRAD stage retro grad e adj./v.grading againgradu ate n./v. a higher stagegrada tion n.stage in a seriesde grad e v.－lower in rankLAT carry corr elat e vt./vi.relationshipre lativi ty n.relationship between mass, energy, and timepre lat e n.high church officialcol lat e v.arrange in orderCRIT critical ①key ②crosshypo criti cal adj.下characterized by hypocrisycrite rion n.standardhyper criti cal adj.超criticalcriti que n. a critical discussion of a specified topicJUR just right law ob jurg ate vt. －to scold or rebuke sharply; beratejurisprud ence n.philosophy or science of lawper jur y n.－breach of an oath or a promiseab jur e vt.－to renounce under oath; forswearPENT five pentagram n.pentacle, five-pointed starpentameter n./adj.line of verse consisting of five metrical feetPentateuch n.first five books of the Hebrew Scripturespentathlon n.five track and field events,pentagon n.polygon having five sides and five interior QUINT five quintessential adj.being the most typicalquintet position for five voices or instrumentsquintile adj./n.72° or one fifth of the zodiacBIO life sym bio sis n.relationship of mutual benefit or dependencebio psy n.examination from a living bodybio de grad able adj.capable of being de composedanti bio tic n./adj.can destroy the growth of microorganismsGEN birth gene ric adj.generalindi gen ous adj.＋nativecon gen ial adj.having the same tastesFUNG/ FUNCT d o, make, affect, exchange mal funct ion n.－work improperlyfunction ary adj./n.bureaucrat ,officialfung ible adj./n.exchange ableper funct ory adj.－mechanicalMUTalter, very change trans mut e v.convertper muta tion n.＋rearrangementim mut able adj.un change ablecom muta tion n.replacementFRAG/ FRACT break fracti ous adj.quarrelsomefragment ary adj.incompletein fract ion n.－violationre fract ion n.dis tortionTELE far tele geni ce adj.well-suited to television (gene)tele met ry n.long-distance measurement (meter)tele ologi cal adj.relating to design or purpose (ology)tele path ic adj.mind-reading (path)PHIL love philate list n.stamp collectorphil ology n.study of languagephil ter n.love potionoeno phil e n.wine loverNEG negative －ab nega tion n.－self-denialneglig ible adj.smallre neg ade n./a./vi re belre neg e vt/vi/n.go backNOM name ig nomini ous adj.dis gracefulmis nom er n.wrong namenomenc lature n.naming system culturenomi nal adj./n.in name onlyPATER/ PATR father ex patri ate vt/vi/n.living abroadpaternalist ic adj.exercising fatherlypatri cian n./adj.aristo crat 人patri mony n.heritage (money)LEGA appoint de lega tion n.＋ a group of people who are veryimportant visitors from another country or anotherplace.lega cy n.heritagelega te n.official emissaryre lega te v.－commitGREG herd, flack,se greg ate v.－isolatee gregi ous adj.－flagrantgather con grega tion n. a gatheringag greg ate n./a./v.totalFLU/ FLUCT flow melli flu ous adj.flowing with sweet ness or honeyfluctua tion n.waveef flu ent adj./n.something that flows out or forth (ex)af flu ence n.＋wealthPREHEND/ PREHENS seize re prehens ible adj.－blame worthyprehen sile adj.adapted for seizing, grasping, or holdingcom prehend vt.＋apprehendap prehen sive adj.＋afraid, capable of understanding TEMPER moderate temper ance n.moderation or abstinencetemper a n.egg-based painttemper n./v.mix or moderatein temper ate adj.un restrainedPURG/PUR clean, clear ex purg ate v.re move offensivepurga tive adj./n.purifyingpurga tory n.place of miserypurg e n./v.re move im pure elementMILL million milli second n.one thousandth (10-3) of a second.milli ped e n.diplopod （feet）millenaria nism n.every one thousand yearsHEMI-/ SEMI half semi conductor n.various solid crystalline substancessemi colon n.mark of punctuation (;)semi tone n.half step, half tonesemi tropical adj.partly tropical; subtropical.SUB－下sub conscious adj.beneath the level of consciousnesssub version n.secret effort to overthrowsubliminal adj.not strong enough to be sensedsub jugate vt.conquerHYPER＋上hyper ventil ate vt.breath deeply and rapidlyhyper ten sion n.high blood pressure (tension)hyper bole n.extreme overstatementhyper act ive adj.overly act ionPRE PRO 前pre cept n.general rulepre coc ious adj.maturing early (cook)pre dis pose vt.influencepre requis ite n./adj.requirementPARA besides part para meter n.characteristicpara gon n.model of excellence。
8天攻克8000词汇教材修订_部分4
court,” who was so named because he stood ad cancellos, “at the lattice.”CAPITAL: from the human headThe word capital in the sense of wealth comes ultimately from the Latin caput , “head”. The Latin root of caput appears in scores of English words in various forms depending upon whether it came to us through the French or directly from the Latin. Both of our words capital and cattle, for example, are from caput, for in the earliest days a man’s wealth, or capital, was reckoned in cattle, and we still speak of a herd of a thousand “head”. A chattel mortgage is really a “cattle” mortgage, and up to the 16th century the English spoke of “goods and cattals” instead of “goods and chattels”.CHARGE: from a Roman chariotWhen you charge a customer for a purchase you owe a debt to Rome for the term you are using. The Latin word for the four-wheeled baggage wagon that Julius Caesar used in his campaigns was carrus. In later Latin carrus developed the verb. Carricare which meant“to load on a wagon，”and the French took this over as chargier. A “charge account,” of course, “loads” a person with the obligation of paying. We charge, or burden a man with his crime. You charge or “load” your mind with a responsibility. And in the olden days, they used to charge a musket with powder and sot. They “loaded” it and when they discharged it they “unloaded” it. Beyond this the Roman chariot carrus gave other words. Our car came up through the North French word carre, and the carriage we used to ride in came through the Old Norman French cariage. Cargo is another great-grandchild of carricare, ‘to load.” Cargo is “ loaded” on a cart. But most curiously of all we inherit the word caricature from carricare which sometimes meant to “over-load” and so o exaggerate, as caricaturists are supposed to do.CHAUFFEUR: stoked the fireA French word that used merely to mean a fireman or stoker and that eventually goes back to the Latin calificare, “to make hot.” Around the year 1900, in the first days of the automobile when it often was a steam-driven vehicle, the French gave the bantering name of chauffeur of “stoker” to the professional who drove the car. The term chauffeur derives from chauffer, “to heat,” and this contributed another word to English. The Old French form chaufer went into English as chaufen, “to warm,” which finally changed into our present word chafe which used to mean “to make warm by rubbing,” but now is most commonly used by us in the sense of making the skin sore or sensitive by rubbing. The chafing-dish is the only modern use that retains the original meaning of “heat.” And the chauffeur is no longer a “fireman.”COAL: first a glowing emberThe word coal, spelled col in Old English, meant at one time a piece of carbon glowing without flame. Later coal took on its modern meaning; and confusingly enough, the word charcoal means something that has been “charred” and so reduced to coal. One of the earliest mentions of coal is found in the Saxon Chronicle of the abbey of Petersborough in the England of 852 A.D. The abbot had let some land to a certain Wulfred who was to send to the monastery in81return, among other things, 60 loads of wood, 12 loads of coal, and 6 loads of peat. The type of hard coal known as anthracite owes the beginning of its name history to the Greek word anthrax, meaning “coal,” which was described by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus in a script he wrote on Stones aboyt 371 B.C. Bituminous, or soft coal, got its name from he Latin word bitumen, a mineral pitch found in Palestine and Babylon that was used for mortar. In the Douay Bible of 1609 we read: “Thou shalt pitch it (the arke) within and without with bitumen.” The coal called lignite is so imperfectly formed that it still has the brown look of decayed wood. Hence its name from he Latin lignum, “wood.”COBALT: a devilA tough, steel-gray metallic element, valuable to certain steel alloys, and useful in some of its compounds as a pigment. Its lustrous sheen often made the miners think they had discovered a more precious meal. Because of this, and also because the arsenic and sulphur it often contains was harmful to those working over it, this meal was regarded as the demon of the mines and was nicknamed from the German Kobalt, a variant of Kobold, meaning a “goblin.” The miners chose a similar name for nickel. In German it used to be Kupfernickel, “copper demon,” because this tricky ore looks copper and isn’t. We took the word nickel from he Swedish kopparnickel, dropping the first half of the name in transit. Nickel, then, is just a bit of he Old Nick.COMPANY: eats bread with youThe term company corresponds to companion and this in turn derives from he Latin words cum, “with,” and panis, “bread.” A companion, then, is one who eats bread with you, a “messmate,” and when you have company at your house they share your hospitality. In its business use he romantic associations of the word company are drained off.824. Word Histories of Your GardenMISTLETOEIt’s too bad to rob the mistletoe of any of its delightful associations, but the beginnings of the word are anything but romantic. When we trace mistletoe back to its origin, we find it spelled mistiltan, and mistily comes, of all things, from a word meaning “dung,” and tan means “twig.” So here we have a “twig of dung.” This all grew out of the popular belief that this plant sprang from bird droppings, In a 17th-century essay we read that mistletoe “come onely by the mewting of birds . . . which feed thereupon and let it passé through their body.” The ancient Druids thought that the mistletoe of the oak was a cure for the various ailments of old age, and William Bullein, writing in 1562 in his Bulwarke of Defence Against All Sickness and Woundes said: “The miseln groweth . . . upon the tree through the dounge of byrdes.” We regard the plant as an invitation to a kiss, but the American Indians, being on the practical side, didn’t trifle with it in this way. They chewed the stuff for toothache.NARCISUSThe history of this flower-name leads us into an involved love story of the Grecian gods which eventually contrituted three useful words to the English language. Echo, daughter of air and earth, was an attendant on Gera, queen of the heavens. She happened to offend her mistress, however, and for punishment was deprived of all spech save the power to repeat such word echo. In spite of her handicap, she fell hopelessly in love with the beautiful youth Narcissus, son of a river god, but he spurned her love and as a result Echo faded away until only her bone and her voice were left. In order to punish Narcissus for his crime Nemeses, goddess of vengence, made the youth fall in love with his own reflection in the waters of a fountain; and since such love as this could never be consummated, Narcissus pined away and finally changed into a flower.So from this we have our word echo, the Freudian term narcissism, and narcissus itself, with its handsome and usually white or yellow flowers.NASTURTIUMThe pungent smell of these flowers caused them to be nicknamed “nose-twisters ” by the ancients. You see, the word nasturtium was made up of the Latin words nasus, “nose,” and torqueo, “twist.” It was the Roman naturalist Pliny who said, in the 1st century, that this flower “received its name from tormenting the nose.” And if you chew one of the seeds the bitter taste will make the meaning of the name more obvious.ORCHIDThe lovely and expensive orchid holds in its name the Greek word for “testicle,” orchis. Even Pliny the Elder, Roman author and naturalist, said,these 2,000 years ago, that the orchid was remarkable in that, with its double roots, it resembles the testicles. These are his Latin words:”83Mirabilis est orchis herba, sive serapias, gemina radice testiculis simili.” The word orchis now survives in English only as a botanical and medical term. The meaning proper has disappeared along with the study of Greek from the general ken.PANSYSome poetic mind fancied that this dainty flower had a thoughtful face, and so named it pensee, French for “thoughtful,” which turned easily into our word pansy.PASSION FLOWERSo named because its parts resemble the instruments of Christ’s passion. The corona is the crown of thorns; the flower, the nails or wounds. The five sepals and five petals are the ten apostles. Peter and Judas were not counted.PEONYThese striking, heavy-headed plants so characteristic of early summer wereonce widely used in medicine so they were named after Paion, a personage of Greek mythology who was the physician of the gods.PETUNIAThe botanists saw a resemblance between this small tropical plant with its white and violet flowers and the tobacco plant so they took the American Indian word petun, “tobacco,” and put a Latin sounding ”ia” on the end.PHILODENDRONA tropical Amirican plant that likes to climb trees, among other things, and so takes its name from the Greek philodendros, from philos, “loving,” and dendron, ”tree,” that is, a “tree-loving plant.”PHLOXThe solid and variegated colors of the phlox glow like flames. Why shouldn’t they, since phlox, in Greek, means “flame”?POINSETTIAThe Honorable Joel Roberts Poinsett of Charleston, South Carolina, was adistinguished diplomat, Secretary of War in President Martin Van Buren’s cabinet, author, congressman, authority on military science, Union leader in the Civil War, but for all that he would probably gave been forgotten had he not been appointed as a special minister to Mexico. It was while there that he became attracted to the large, flaming flowers that we now know so well. He brought some of the plants back to the States and his name Poinsett gave us poinsettia. RHODODENDRONA rose tree,from the Greek rhodon, “rose,” and dendron, ”tree.”SALVIAThe oldsters knew something of the mystical healing powers of sage tea. This idea is contained in the Latin name salvia, which is from salvus, meaning “sound” or “in good health.” In Old French this same Latin word became sauge which eventually gave us sage. But the scarlet84variety of sage is an ornamentai plant, and it retains its stylish Latin name of salvia. SCABIOSAA thoroughly unromantic Latin name, a derivation of scabies , “the itch,” from scabo, ”scratch,” which is what you do when you have the itch. The plant was called this because it used to be thought of as a cure for certain skin diseases.SHAMROCKFrom the Irish seamrog, the diminutive of seamar which means “clover.” Therefore the shamrock is a “little clover.” The plant was used by St.Patrick to illustrate the Trinity because of its three leaves, and it became his symbol. It is for this reason that it comes in order on St.Patrick ’s day “to drown the shamrock” by way of a drinking celebration.SYRINGAThis ornamental shrub with its sweet-scented white flowers got its name from the Greek syrinx, syringes, which meant “reed.” This name is said to have been chosen because the stems of the plant were used a good deal in the manufacture of pipes.TRILLIUMThis flower of many colors with its whorl of three green leaves derives its name from the Latin tri-, which means “three.”TULIPAgain among the descriptive names is the tulip which, with its showy colors and velvet texture, has somewhat the appearance of a turban. The word comes to us through the obsolete French word tulipan, from tulbend, the Turkish way of saying”turban.”VERBENATo us the verbena is a fragrant perennial with spikes of broad flat clusters of white, red, and lilac flowers, but to the Romans the word verbena meant “sacred bough” and applied to the sacred boughs of myrtle, cypress, and what-not carried by the heralds who declared war, demanded redress for wrongs, grievances, and all.WISTERIAA high-climbing shrub with flowers that run the gamut of white, pink, and violet, a plant that is especially popular in Japan and in the southern United States. It also grows in the northern states, but southerners usually refuse to recognize this fact. These flowers were named wisteria in 1818 for Caspar Wistar who was one-time professor of “anatomy, midwifery, and surgery” at what was then the College of Pennsylvania.ZINNIAA plant, with striking, highly colored, but rather coarse blooms. Native toMexico and the Southwest, but for some reason adopted as the state flower of Indiana. The name zinnia comes from that of J.G.Zinn, an obscure 18th-century German botanist who seems to have no other claim to fame than this.855. Word Stories About Your Dining TableBREAD: merely a fragmentIf you had gone into an English bakery around 700 A.D. and had asked for a loaf then meant bread, and their word bread meant “a little piece,” “a fragment.” So when you spoke of a loaf of bread, the clerk would have understood you to have said “a bread of fragments,” than which nothing could have sounded sillier. Finally, however, bread came to mean “a piece of bread;” later “broken bread;” and in the end bread and loaf took on their present meanings.CANDY: broken bitsUntil quite recent times we said, not just candy but sugar candy, and the derivation of these words indicates that our confection must have always been on the hard side for candy is ultimately from the Sanskrit khanda which meant a piece of something, or lump sugar. These two words sarkara khanda are represented in Italian to form zucchero candi, our familiar sugar candy.CAROUSE: bottoms upSometimes a party that starts innocently and pleasantly will end in a wild carouse. When we pronounce this word carouse, we are coming as near as we can to saying gar aus which is the German word for “completely finished.” When a celebrant is drinking in a tavern and his glass is gar aus, or “completely finished,” it is empty, and if it is gar aus too often he is starting to carouse. And when we drink we are usually hob-nobbing with other people, that is, we are chatting socially and being convivial. But in the 12th century when the English cried habban-nabban they were saying “have”-- “have not,” which was a sort of take or leave it invitation to a drink.CEREAL: named for a goddessWhen you are eating your morning cereal, you are paying a small tribute to an ancient goddess. In 496 B.C. the Roman countryside was cursed by a terrible drouth. The priests of the day turned to the Sibylline oracle for help. As a result of this divine consultation. The priests reported that a new goddess, Ceres, must be adopted, and they recommended that immediate sacrifices be made to her so that she would bring rain to the land. In the end, Ceres became the protector of the crops. The caretakers of her temple were the overseers of the grain market, which, however, the goddess controlled since it was her influence that determined the harvest, and to insure a good harvest the first cuttings of the corn were always sacrificed to her. The Latin adjective cerealis, which meant “of Ceres,” gave us our word cereal. CHARTREUSE: from a monastery’s nameThe name derives from La Grande Chartreuse, an old Carthusian monastery, where this cordial was originally made. In the early 17th century the Marechal d’Estréss gave the monks a recipe86for the liqueur which consisted of fine herbs and brandy. But in 1880 the Order was expelled from France and they set up their distillery in Spain at Terragona. Connoisseurs claim that the cordial is not right now because the herbs are gathered in an alien spot. It is reported that the monks are using legal action to get back to their original spot so that the cognoscenti can have their chartreuse with the right flavor.CHOWDER: named after a potIn the little villages of Brittany, on the north coast of France, it has long been the custom for each fisherman to toss a bit of his catch into a common mess of fish and biscuit that cooks in a community pot or chaudière. This dish was so good that its fame spread to Newfoundland and so to the east coast of the United States, and the name of the pot was soon applied to the contents, and the spelling chaudière was restyled as chowder.COFFEE: decoction of berriesIt is said that back somewhere in the year 850, a goatherd named Kaldi became puzzled at the strange way his flock was acting. He noticed that they were nibbling on certain berries, so he decided to try the berries himself. He did, and was so excited at the feeling of exhilaration he got that he rushed off to tell the other goatherds about the bush. The Arabs soon learned how to dry and boil the berries, and they called the brew qahwe. Its use immediately stirred up a great ruction among the orthodox Mohammedans.Some of the faithful drank their qahwe to keep awake during the interminable religious services,but for that reason others thought that qahwe should be barred as an intoxicant.Turkey took up the brew qahwe,and this gave France her cafe,hence our word coffee.COGNAC:named for a townWhen guess sip their after dinner cognac,they are tasting a liquor that has been in the world for more than 400 years.The name cognac is short for Eau de Vie de Cognac,“water of life of Cognac,”a town in southwest France where brandy-marking is the main industry.It was a Dutchman who discovered brandy they say,a sharp businessman who was worried because more grape-wine was being produced in Cognac than they could ship out.Sohe thought if he distilled the water from the wine there would be less bulk and more of the product could be transported. The idea was that the customer could pour the water back in when he received the stuff.It was a good idea at that,but for some reason it didn＇t work.Brandy as we know it seems to havebeen introduced into France from Italy at the time Henry,then Duke ofⅡOrleans,married Catherine de Medici.This was in 1533,and soon after cognac became one of the most famous Frence brandies.COLLATION:began with the monksIn the Benedictine monasteries the monks used to gather in the evening and read aloud from the Collations,or lives of the saints.Then they would talk about these things and eat a light meal the while .Later this came to be called a collation,or a light meal that was eaten on fast days in place of supper.Finally in later days,and with the laity,it was used to mean a meal,and87sometimes an elaborate one.COOK:just means cookThe word cook itself holds little inerest for us.It traces back to the Latin word cocus or coquus,from coquo,“cook.”But the derivatives from it may be worth our attention.A biscuit,for instance,is “twice-cooked”or“baked”out of the French bis, “twice,”andcuit,“cooked,”which is similar to “zwieback,”from the German zwie,“twice,”and backen,“bake.”If you should concocta story or a soup,you cook the ingredients together(Latin con-,“together”)until you＇ve made upa good one.Both of the words kitchen and cake come by different routes from coquo. CORDIAL:close to the heartShould you ever in your life have sipped a cordial,it warmed your heart,didn＇t it? And it properly should,for the word cordial comes from the Latin term cor,cordis,“heart.”Likewise a cordialhandshake is a “hearty”handshake.When we are in accord(Latin ac-,“to”)with a neighbor,our “hearts”and minds are in harmony.But should there be discord(dis-,“awayuote ),our hears and minds are apart.A man of courage is a man of “heart,”for courage comes to us though French from the Latin cor.Again,the record that is kept divides into re-,“again,”and cor,cordis,“heart,”because in former times,when writing was not such a simple art,the records were often passed on by word of mouth and had to be leaned by“heart.”DATE:like a fingerThe fruit of the date palm was once thought toresemble the human finger,and hence our word date comes ultimately from dactylus,the Latin term for“finger.”As all Bible readers know, the date palm was common in the Mediterranean region long ago.Its introduction into America was due to the efforts of Spanish missionaries in the 18th century who started seedlings in Mexico and elsewhere.DISTILL:drop at a timeWhen a substance is distilled it is vaporized in a retort,passed into a receiver,and condensed drop by drop.The Latin term distillo suggests this process when we split the word up into de,“down,”and stilla,a“drop.”And when we instill the young with wisdom,that,too, is poured“into”their minds“drop bydrop.”EGGS BENEDICT:resulted from a hangoverIn the year1894 a certain Samuel Benedict,man-about-town and member of New York＇s cafe society,came into the old Wal-dorf-Astoria on 34th Street with a wicked hangover.He knew precisely what he wanted for his breakfast.He ordered bacon butter toast,twopoached eggs,anda hooker of hollandaise.Oscar,famous maitre d＇hotel ofthe Waldorf was impressed with the dish,and put ham and a toasted English muffin in place of the bacon and toast,and christened the whole affair Eggs Benedict in honor of the genial rake.EPICURE:should be moderateIf you are a lover of good food and wine and if you take a fastidious and sensuous delight in88your pleasures,it would be correct to call you an epicure,although the use of the word in this sense is a gross slander on the hight in your pleasure,it would be correct to call you an epicure,although the use of the word in this sense is a gross slander on the original Epicureans.TheGreek philosopher,Epicrueans, taught moderation in all things.Pleasure,he advised,is acertain quota of pain,and so he instructed his pupils in temperance.When the English-speaking people took over the word,however,they seized upon the single idea of“pleasureand”and now the words epicure and epicurus and his followers so deplored. GOUT:just a dropThis disease,down through the years,has been the honored ailment of oldgentlemen who lived high and drank large quantities of port after dinner.There may now be a medical doubt about the cause,as today gout is ranked under the vague and general term of rheumatism.But,be that as it may,gout goes back thourgh Frech to the Latin gutta,"drop." The notion was that morid matter"dropped"from the blood and settled about the joints,and so caused them to swell and become painful.In the 19th century folks had gout stools that were made to hold one foot. GRAPE: a hook for gathering fruitThe original Old English word for this was winberige form the Germanic win,"vine,"and berige,"berry";literally,"berry of the vine." But in the 11th century William of Normandy conquered England and with his victory the fancier Frech words came in at a great pace.It is true that the humble farmer went on saying winberige,but his lords were now saying grappe,which really meant a cluster of fruit growing together,and this latter word ultimately comes form grape,the vine hook with which they gathered the grapes.By this route the word grape came to us,and also the lusty word grapple that you use when you grapple with a problem.HERMETICALLY: a god-given nameWhen a housewife hermetically seals her jars of preserves,she would hardly guess that she was dealing with the magic of a Greek God. Hermes,an Olympian god, was a messenger like the Roman god Mercury,a god of magic,alchemy,and the occult.Our word hermetically is formed form the name of Hermes,possibly because the process of sealing wounds or jars hermetically seems to have to do with the mystic and magical powers of the gods.INTOXICATE:poisoned arrowsThe modern meaning of this word came about in a simple and logical fashion.The Greek word toxon meant"bow."The poison with which the soldiers tipped their arrows was calld toxikon(pharmakon) which led to the Latin toxikum,a more general word covering any poison.We then turn to the late Latin intoxicatus from the verb intoxico,"poison,"the base of our word intoxicale.And so we have taken a trip down through the centuries from the Greek warrior who poisoned his arrows to the intoxicated chap who says,"Name your poison!" Of course in our medical word toxic we have retained the ancient meaning.89JULEP:merely rose-waterHere is a name poetic as a Kentucky colonel. The origin lies in the Arabic word julab which meant"rose-water."This innocent potion became alcoholic in the good old U.S.A.As early as 1787 records show that the landlords of Virginia started the day at six in the morning with a julep as an eyeopener.JUNKET:originally a basketWe have here a strange tie-up between a rush basket and the pleasure junket that a group of congressmen take,we'll say, to the Philippines, and the junket that we feed to children.In old France the custard that was made there of"cream,rose water,and sugar"was taken to market in the jonquette,or basket of rushes,and this custard soon took on the name of the basket in which it was carried and was respelled junket.These baskets suggested a picnic and the junkets the congressmen go on certainly have the character of a picnic,and received their name because of this.So there we are,except that this all stems from the juncus of the Romans which was their word for "rush."LUNCHEON:a lump of foodThe origin of this common word is so old that it has become somewhat clouded.Lunch first meant"a lump"and lunshin,an English dialect word,meant"a lump of food."But there also existed the dialect word nonschench which splits into anon,"noon,"and schench,"a drink."High authorities claim that these two words nonschench and lunshin blended to form the word luncheon which could then roughly mean"a lump of food with a noon drink." Of course,when you have breakfast,you merely"break the fast."Dinner is from the French diner,"to dine,"and supper is"to sup,"which is really to "sip"either food or drink.And a morsel is a"little bite"since it comes from the Latin term morsum,"bitten."MANHATTAN:origin unknownOf course the name Manhattan,whether applied to the drink or the city,belonged to the tribe of Indians who originally inhabited Manhattan Island.The Manhattan cocktail came into vogue toward the end of the last century,and the year 1894 is the earliest recorded use of the name,but as yet there is no further explanation of the origin.The history of the martini is equally obscure.NAPKIN: first a little tableclochThe tiny paper napkins that we use at times would never have done in the old days when knives,and spoons were limited,or nonexixtent.Then you needed a tremendous linen square to mop up with.These enormous napkins were a sign of elegance long after flat sliver came in,and even in the 1890's large napkins were an important part of any top-drawer dinner.We have the word napery now for table linen,and in this term is buried another word,nape,which once meant tablecloth.In our language when we say napkin we mean a little nape,which is an Old French word,and so "a little tablecloth."In Old French the derivative of nape was naperon.This was borrowed into Middle English as naperon and an apron was first called a napron,but by error90the initial n became joined to the a and an apron took the place of a napron.In similar fashion the snake,an adder,used to be called"a nadder."And all of this finally derives from the Latin word mappa which also meant napkin or"cloth."OMELETTE:originally a thin bladeThe history of this word is just as mixed up as a modern omelette.The term came to us by a series of absurd blunders.The Latin word lamella,"a thin plate,"entered French as la melle,and later the word was reinterpreted as l'alemelle.But the French already had a word alemette which meant the thin blade of a sword,and before we know it l'alemelle is being spelled l'alemette,and later on,omelette.So,if you have followed through this labyrinth,you will see that an omelette is really a thin blade and has practically nothing to do with eggs.And while on the subject of omelette the word yolk comes quite understandably form its color.It is a derivative of the Middle English word yolke through Old English geolca,from geolu,"yellow."ONION:related to a pearlIn Latin there is a word union which is translated as "oneness"or"union".The word onion is derived form this Latin term.It rates its name because it consists of a number of united layers.There is also another interesting analogy between union and onion.The rustics about Rome not only used the word unio to mean onion,but they also thought it a suitable desigation for a pearl.And even today a cook will speak of "pearl onions"when she means the small,slivery-white variety.ORGY:meant secret ritesDionysius was a god and giver of the grape and the wine.The grateful Greek held night festivals in his honor,and these often turned into drunken parties where the boys and girls danced and sang and violated all the sex laws.The Greek called91。
8000词必记词汇
花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活1 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步8000词汇必记词根ag,actagent 代理人active 活动的，积枀的agragriculture 农业agrarian 田地的amamicable 友善的amiable 和蔼可亲的anim心灵，精神，生命animal 动物animate 有生命的ann，enn年annual 一年的centennial 一世纪的astro星astronomy 天文学astronaut 宇宙航行员audi听audience 听众audible 听得见的bell战争rebellion 反叚，反抗bellicose 好战的bio生命，生物biology 生物学antibiotic 抗生的,抗生素brev短brevity 简短abbreviate 缩短，节略cede走precedent 先行的，在前的precede 先行cent百centimeter 厘米centigrade 百分度的center,centr中心concentrate 集中centrifugal 离心力的cide,cis杀，切花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活2 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步suicide 自杀bactericide 杀菌剂叫喊exclaim 惊叫proclaim 宣布，宣告clar清楚，明白declare 表明，声明clarify 讲清楚clud，clos关闭close 关闭exclude 排斥cogn知道recognize 承认cognitive 认识的cord心cordial 衷心的core 核心cosm宇宙，世界cosmic 宇宙的cosmos 宇宙cred相信credibility 可信credit 信仸跑ccurrence 出现，収生current 流通的cycl圆，环bicycle 自行车cyclone 旋风di日diary 日记diarist 记日记者dict说predict 预言indicate 表示duc,duct引导conduct 挃导induce 引诱ed吃edible 可吃的edacity 贪吃fact做，制花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活3 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步factory 工厂manufacture 制造，加工带,拿transfer 转移ferry 渡船flu流fluent 流利的influenza 流行性感冎form形式，外形transform 改变formula 公式fract,frag破，折fraction 碎片fragile 易碎的fus倾，注，溶化fusion 熔解effuse 泻出gen起源generate 使产生genetic 遗传的geo地球，土地geography 地理geology 地质学步，走，级gradual 逐步的graduate 毕业gram写，记彔diagram 图表program 节目单，方案graph写,画，记彔photograph 照像autograph 亲笔，手稿gress行走progress 进步retrogress 后退hap机会，运气，偶収happen 収生mishap 灾祸hospit客人hospital 医院hospitable 好客的，殷勤的insul岛花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活4 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步peninsula 半岛insulation 隑绝，孤立hydra水hydraulic 水利的hydrant 消防栓ject投，掷，抚eject 射出project 投射junct连接，结合conjunction 连接词adjunct 附属物lect,leg,lig挑选，采集lect 选丽selection 选丽eligible 合栺的，合适的lev丽，升elevator 电梯lever 杠杄liber自由liberate 解放liberalist 自由主义的lingu语言linguist 语言学家bilingual 两种语言的文字，字母literate 识字的literature 文学loc地方local 当地的locate 使座落于log词，语言，讲演dialogue 对话logic 逻辑loqu说话eloquent 雄辩的colloquial 口语的，会话的manu手manuscript 手稿manual 手的，用手的medi中间medium 中等的mediation 居中调解memor记忆，记住的花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活5 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步memory 记忆memorial 纪念日，纪念物兵military 军亊的militant 战斗性的min少，小minority 少数diminish 减少，减小mob,mot,mov移动mobile 活动的motion 运动immovable 不可移动的mort死亡mortal 终有一死的mortician 承办殡葬的人nov新novel 小说novelty 新奇numer数numeral 数字的numerous 为数众多的oper工作operate 操作cooperate 合作opt视线，光线optic 视力的optics 光学path感情，苦楚，疾病sympathy 同情pathetic 可怜的pel推，逐，驱expel 驱逐repel 击退，反击，抵抗pend,pen悬挂depend 依靠pendent 悬空的phon声音microphone 扩音器telephone 电话plen满，全plenty 充足，大量plentitude 丰富，充足pon,pos放置花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活6 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步postpone 推迟position 位置popul人民population 人口popular 人民的，大众的port搬运，带portable 可携带的porter 搬运工人prim第一，首要primary 最初的primitive 原始的psych精神psychology 心理学psychic 精神的pur清，纯，净purify 使纯净depurate 使净化rect正，直erect 直立的correct 改正rid,ris笑ridicule 嘲笑derision 笑柄，嘲笑rupt破rupture 破裂，裂开interrupt 中断scend,scens,scent爬ascend 上，升descent 下降sci知道science 科学conscious 有知觉的sens,sent感觉sensation 感觉sentiment 感情sol太阳solar 太阳的parasol 阳伞spec看spectacle 光景，景象prospect 展望spir呼吸，生命花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活7 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步conspire 共谋inspire 吸气，鼓舞tact,tang,tag接触intact 未接触的tangible 可接触的tail切，割tailor 裁缝retail 零售tain,ten,tin保持，握，容纳contain 容纳obtain 取得,sustain 支持tect掩，盖detect 侦察収觉,detective 侦探的tele远telescope 望远镜telegram 电报tend,tens,tent伸extend 伸开，扩展extensive 广阔的text编织textile 纺织的texture 组织，结极therm热thermal 热的thermometer 温度计扭，扭转orsion 扭转distortion 歨曲tract拖，拉，吸引attract 吸引attractive 有吸引力的un,uni一unite 统一，联合union 联合，工会ut用utility 有用utilize 利用vac,van空，空虚vacation 假期vanity 空虚，虚荣vari变化花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活8 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步various 各样的variant 变异的，不同的ven杢intervene 干预，介入prevent 防止转adverse 相反的convert 转换vid,vis看见evident 明显的visible 可见的vit,viv生活，生存vital 生命的survival 幸存volv滚动revolve 旋转involve 卷入wis,wit知道wisdom 智慧witty 机敏的花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活9 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步常见的前缀和后缀1.常用前缀aero:concerningtheairoraircraftplane（飞机）—aeroplanespace（空间, 间隑）—aerospaceanti : against;opposite ofnuclear（［核］核子的）—antinuclearmatter（物质）—antimatterwar（战争、作战、打仗）—antiwarauto : of or by oneselfbiography（传记）—autobiographycriticism（批评, 批判）—autocriticismbe :to treat as the stated thing friend（朋友, 助手）—befriendlittle（很少的, 矮小的,很少）—belittlebi : two;twice;doublelingual（语言的）—bilingualcycle（自行车）—bicyclebio :concerning living things chemistry（化学）—biochemistrysphere（圈子）—biosphereby—:less importantproduct（产品, 产物,）—by-productway（路,道路）—bywaycenti : hundredth partgrade（等级）—centigrademeter（米）—centimeterco : together, withauthor（作家, 创造者）—coauthorexist（存在, 生存）—coexistcol :(used before l) together, with location（位置, 场所）—collocationcom :(used before b, m, p)together, withpassion（激情, 热情）—compassioncon :together, with花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活10 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步centric（中心的, 中央的）—concentricfederation（同盟, 联邦, 联合, 联盟）—confederationcontra :oppositediction（措辞, 用语, 言语）—contradictionnatural（自然的, 自然界的）—contranaturalcor :(used before r) together, withrelate（叙述, 讲, 使联系, 収生关系）—correlaterespond（回答, 响应, 作出反应，有反应）—correspondcounter :oppositeact（担当,表现, 见敁）—counteractattack（攻击）—counterattckcross :across;going between the stated things and joining them country（乡下的, 乡村的, ［方]祖国的, 敀乡的）—crosscountrybreed（(使)繁殖, 教养, 抙养，品种, 种类）—crossbreedde :showing an opposite; to remove; to reducecode（代码, 密码）—decodevalue（评价, 重视）—devalue（(=devaluate)dis :not; the opposite ofadvantage（优势, 有利条件）—disadvantageagree（同意）—disagreehonestem :(used before b,m, p) to cause to becomebody（赋以形体）—embodypower（权力,激励）—empoweren :to cause to become; to makedanger（威胁）—endangerlarge（大的, 巨大的）—enlargeex :former(and still living)minister（部长, 大臣）—ex-ministerwife（妻子）—ex-wifeextra :outside;beyondcurricular（课程的）—extracurricularordinary（平常的, 普通的, 平凡的）—extraordinaryfore :in advance, before; in or at the frontarm（臂,武器, 裃备）—forearm花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活11 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步warn（警告）—forewarnil :(used before l) notlegal（法律的, 合法）—illegalliterate（学者，有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的）—illiterateim :(used before b,m,p)notmoral（道德(上)的, 精神的，道德）—immoralpossible（可能的）—impossiblein :notdirectsensitive（敏感的, 灵敏的）—insensitiveinfra :below in a range; beyondred（红(色)的）—infraredstructure（结极，极造）—infrastructureinter :between;amongchange（改变, 变化）—interchangenational（国家的, 民族的）—internationalintra :inside, within;intocity（城市, 都市）—intracity（市内的）department（部, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系, 学部）—intra-departmentir :(used before r)notregular（觃则的, 有秩序的）—irregularresponsible（有责仸的, 可靠的）—irresponsiblekilo :thousandgram（兊,）—kilogrammeter（米）—kilometermacro :large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of particular parts ofeconomics（经济学）—macroeconomicsstructure（宏观结极）—macrostructuremal :bad or badlyfunction（官能, 功能, 作用）—malfunctiontreat（宴请, 款待）—maltreatmicro :extremely smallcomputer（计算机, 电脑）—microcomputerelectronics（电子学）—microelectronics花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活12 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步mid :middleday（天, 白天）—middaynight（夜, 夜晚）—midnightmini :small;shortbus（公共汽车）—minibusskirt（裙子）—miniskirtmis :bad or badly;wrong or wronglyfortune（运气, 好运）—misfortuneunderstand（懂, 了解）—misunderstandmono :one;singleplane（飞机）—monoplanetone（音调, 语调）—monotonemulti :more than one;manypurpose（目的, 意图）—multipurposenational（国家的, 国立［有]的, 民族的）—multinationalnon :notresident—nonresidentsense理性，认识—nonsenseout :outside;eyondlive（活的, 生动的）—outlivedoor（门, 通道, 家, 户）—outdoorover :too much;above; additionalhead（头，头的, 主要的）—overheadtime（时间, 时侯, 时机, ）—overtimepoly :manycentric（中心的, 中央的）—polycentricsyllabic（［语] 音节主音，音节的）—polysyllabicpost :later than;aftergraduate（(大学)毕业生, 研究生，(使)(大学)毕业）—postgraduatewar（战争，作战, 打仗）—postwarpre :before;in advancepay（薪水, 工资，支付）—prepaywar（战争，作战, 打仗）—prewarpro :in favor of, supportingAmerica（<美>美国, 美洲(包括北美和南美洲)）pro-America花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活13 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步Abortionpro-abortionpseudo :not real;falsename（姓名）—pseudonymscience（科学, 自然科学）—pseudosciencere :again;back to the former stateunite（联合, 团结）—reuniteuse（使用）—reuseself :by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself employed（雇用, 用, 使用）—self-employedtaught（teach 的过去式和过去分词）—self-taughtsemi :half;partlycircle（圆周, 圆形物）—semicirclefinal（决赛）—semifinalstep :not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother（母亲, 妈妈）—stepmotherchildren（孩子, 孩子们）—stepchildrensub :under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger whole divide（分, 划分, 分开, 隑开）—subdividesection（部分）—subsectionsuper :more, larger, greater than usualmarket（市场）—supermarketnatural（自然的, 自然界的, 普通的, 正常的）—supernaturaltele :at or over a long distance;by or for television communication —telecommunicationscreen（屏, 银幕）—telescreentherm(o) :concerning heatchemistry（化学）—thermochemistrymeter（计, 表）—thermometertrans :across, on or to the other side of; betweenAtlantic（大西洋）—transatlanticplant（种植, 栻培, 培养）—transplanttri :three;three timesangular（有角的）—triangularcycle（自行车）—tricycleultra :beyond;very, extremelymodern（近代的, 现代的）—ultramodern花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活14 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步sound（声音, 语音）—ultrasoundun :notcertain（确定的, 必然的, 可靠的）—uncertainfortunate（幸运的, 幸福的）—unfortunateunder :too little;belowdevelop（収展，显影）—underdevelopsea（海洋, 大浪）—underseauni :one;singleform（形态, 极成）—uniformdirectional（方向的）—unidirectionalvice :next in the rank;belowchairman（主席, 会长）—vice-chairmanpresident（总统, 会长, 行长）—vice-president2.常用后缀（1）名词后缀ability（能力, 才干）, ibilityable（能...的, 有才能的, 能干的, 能够的）—abilityflexible（有弹性的，柔韧的）—flexibilityarrive（到达, 抵达）—arrivalrefuse（拒绝, 谢绝）—refusalan, ian, arianlibrary（图乢馆, 藏乢室）—librarian（音乐, 乐曲）—musicianance, enceappear（出现, 公开露面）—appearancerefer（提交, 谈及，提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询）—referenceancy, encyemerge（显现, 浮现, (亊实)显现出杢）—emergencyexpect（期待, 预期）—expectancyant, entapply（申请）—applicantcorrespond（通信）—correspondentcyaccurate（正确的, 精确的）—accuracy花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活15 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步private（私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的）—privacydomking（国王, 君主, (部落的)首领, 纸牉中的K，立...为王，做国王, 统治）—kingdom free（自由的, 克费的, 克税的, 克费）—freedomeeemploy（雇用, 用）—employeeinterview（接见, 会见）—intervieweeer, or, arpaint（油漆, 颜料）—painterbeg（请求, 乞求）—beggarerybrave（勇敢的）—braveryslave（奴隶）—slaveryese:China（中国）—ChineseJapan（日本）—Japaneseessactor（男演员）—actresswaiter（侍者, 服务员）—waitresshand（手）—handfulhoodchild（孩子, 儿女）—childhoodman（男人）—manboodicselectron（电子）—electronicslinguist（语言学家）—linguisticsismMarx（马兊思）—Marxismsocialist（社会主义者）—socialismistpsychiatry（精神病学）—psychiatristviolin（小提琴）—violinistity, tycruel（残酷的, 悲惨的）—cruelty花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活16 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步pure（纯的, 纯粹的）—puritymentmove（移动, 迁居）—movementretire（退休, 引退, 退却）—retirementnessdark（黑暗, 夜）—darknesshappy（快乐的, 幸福的）—happinessologyclimate（气候, 风土）—climatologyfuture（未杢, 将杢）—futurologyshipfriend（朋友, 助手）—friendshipscholar（学者）—scholarshipsion, ssiondecide（决定, 判决）—decisionexpand（使膨胀, 扩张）—expansionthgrow（生长, 成长）—growthwide（宽的, 广阔的）—widthureclose（关, 关闭）—closureexpose（使暴露, 受到, 使曝光，揭露）—exposure (2)动词后缀endeep（深的, 纵深的）—deepenfast（紧的, 牢的）—fastenifyclass（班级, 阶级）—classifysimple（简单的, 简易的）—simplifyize, isemodern（现代人）—modernise/modernize（<主英>=modernize）popular（通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的）—popularise/popularize（<主英> =popularize）(3)形容词后缀able, iblequestion（疑问）—questionable花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活17 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步alnature（自然）—naturalstructure（结极, 极造）—structuralan, arian, iansuburb（市郊, 郊区）—suburbanCanada（加拿大）—Canadianant, entdiffer（不一致, 不同）—differentplease（满足的, 使满足）—pleasantary, oryadvise（劝告, 忠告, 警告）—advisorycustom（习惯, 风俗）—customaryateconsider（考虑, 照顾）—consideratefortune（运气, 好运）—fortunateengold（黄金, 金币）—goldenwood（木材）—woodeneseChina（中国）—Chinese（日本）—Japanesefreecare（烦恼, 忧虑）—carefreeduty（义务, 责仸, 职责, 职务, 税）—duty-freefulcare（注意, 照料）—carefulpain（痛苦, 疼）—painfulic, icalatom（原子）—atomicpsychology（心理学, 心理状态）—psychologicalishgirl（女孩, 少女）—girlischild（孩子）—childishivecreate（创造）—creativesupport（支援，支柱）—supportive花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活18 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步lesshope（希望, 信心）—hopelesspain（痛苦, 疼, 痛, 劳苦, 努力，使痛苦）—painlesslikechild（孩子）—childlikelady（女士, 夫人, 小姐）—ladylikelyman（男人）—manly（月）—monthlyous, iousdanger（危险）—dangerouspoison（毒药, 败坏道德之亊, 毒害，毒害, 败坏, 使中毒，放毒, 下毒）—poisonous sometire（劳累, 厌倦）—tiresometrouble（烦恼, 麻烦）—troublesomewarddown（向下的）—downwardup（向上）—upwardyguilt（罪行, 内疚）—guiltynoise（喧闹声, 噪声）—noisy(4)副词后缀lyeasy（容易的）—easilyheavy（重的, 繁重的）—heavilyward, wardseast（东方, 东）—eastward(s)north（北, 北方）—northward(s)wiseclock（时钟）—clockwiseother（其他的, 另外的）—otherwise花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活19 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步TONY单词前缀分类记忆1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的）dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反，相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard, aside2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下，向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内，进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”exit, eclipse, expand, export花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活20 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction （提取）8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间”Mediterranean, midposition13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后，在后边，次”postscript(附言)，16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3.表示时间，序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先，敀，旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后，后”postwar,花落无言，人淡如菊，保持美好的心情，努力的学习，认真的生活21 坚持自己的信念，坚实走好人生每一步6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，亊先，预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前”prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次，重新”retell, rewrite4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副，次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越，额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过，枀度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过，过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-，表示“超过，过度，太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣，低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副，次”vicepresident, vicechairman5.表示共同，相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”。
新东方8天8千词汇魔鬼训练营内部教材_Ⅷ
n.抽
ability, natural talent
adaptation
n.＋
process of change
ART
art
skulduggery
artisan
n.
skilled craft man(super)
artifice
n.
slyness
artifact
n.
man-made object
concordance
n.
agreement
cordial
n./adj.
gracious, a tonic
discordant
adj.－
inconsistent
CULP
blame
guilt
culpable
adj.
blameworthy
exculpate
v.
to clear of guilt or blameexcuse
meaculpa
n.my
acknowledgment of a personal error or fault
inculpate
vt.－
toincriminate
DIC
speech
word
interdiction
n.
forbidden
jurisdiction
n.
authority or control
circumference
n.
the boundary line of a circle
circumspect
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prudent
circumvent
新东方 词汇魔鬼训练营 单词背诵
天津新东方词汇魔鬼训练营
你在背单词的时候的状态怎样？是否就像写小学作业一样的心态 呢？(作业写完了就可以到外面去和其他小朋友玩游戏？)
也就是：单词背完就完了，好像一块石头落了地。那么，你就把自 放在了“任务被动完成者”的身份上，这种心态对以记住 单词是极大的障碍。(因为一旦任务完成，就放下了。而英 文单词也是一种语言)，语言必须每天接触才能运用灵活。
Michelangelo (1475-1564) 兴时期的文化巨匠。雕刻家 画家、建筑师和诗人
那应当怎样去背单词呢？怎样才能记得牢固呢？
米开朗基罗 意大利文艺复 请看图： 左下图米开朗基罗的大卫人物气魄宏伟，体态健壮，具有
强烈的意志与力量。显示出艺术家在写实基础上非同寻常 的理想加工，予同时代人及深刻的启示。 启示: 26岁的米开朗基罗载誉回到故乡佛罗伦萨， 便立即从事 《大卫》
3
天津新东方词汇魔鬼训练营
认知密码(cognition)
我们在前文曾经问大家问题: 你对单词感兴趣么？为什么感/不感兴趣？ 你对什么感兴趣？为什么感兴趣？ Between to be/to exist 先来分析一下兴趣(Interest)这个单词的构成吧！ Inter-的意思表示”between”; 而”est”表示”to be” “inter”出现在单词的前面， 叫做前缀(prefix), 决定一 个单词的性质和方向；而 est是词根(stem), 决定一 个单词的本意；后缀(suffix)决定词性(后文还会谈到) Interest这个单词表示兴趣再好不过了！ 就是探求和发现存在于事物内在的真谛。 而”to be or not to be, that ‘s the question.” “To be or not to be”here means “to live or not to live.” 是选择生，还是选择死，使我们要考虑和关心的问题。 看来，人们对生命无比热爱！也同时对她充满兴趣。 那么，回到我们最初的问题： 问：你对单词感兴趣么？ 答： 开始感兴趣， 但是由于太难背， 很枯燥， 所以现在不感兴趣。 问：你对什么感兴趣？为什么？ 答：好多，电影，音乐，上网，篮球，旅游… …这些都是轻松， 活泼，有益健康，娱乐身心，揭示道理的好活动项目。
托福词汇量8000需要背哪些书
托福词汇量8000需要背哪些书对于一个刚进入托福备考的学生来时，8000个词汇的数量也许会是有些夸张了。
想要成功通过8000的词汇量，需要背诵哪些书?下面就是店铺给大家整理的托福词汇8000需要背的书，希望对你有用!托福词汇8000需要背的书《TOEFL词汇10000》书如其名，是以量取胜了，涵盖单词比较全面，包含的词汇量也大。
有些学生英语基础比较薄弱，单词量薄弱的同学建议使用;同时对于初中或者高一年级有比较富裕备考时间，担心背不全考试单词的考生也可以考虑选用。
俞敏洪老师的托福词汇红宝书是GRE词汇红宝的姊妹版，是一本很经典的书了。
它的特点是比较全面，收录了历年托福考试出现过的约4500个核心词汇，总共包括约8000词汇量。
并且提供了词根+联想的一些记忆方法，背起来不会太枯燥。
同时，对于那些不喜欢按ABCD…顺序往下背的同学，这本书还有【45天突破版】和【乱序版】可以选择。
王玉梅的《TOEFL词汇》绝对是一本口碑图书了，在考生中享有很高的评价，被称为托福“绿宝书”。
王玉梅这本也是按照ABCD的顺序排的，共分为40个list，这本书考频标注得很清楚，考生们可以有的放矢地进行复习。
这本书也是比较全面的一本书，涵盖了历年托福考试的核心词汇。
这三本图书都是比较全面的托福词汇书籍，涵盖的词汇量都比较大，比较适合时间充裕的长期备考和常规备考的同学，对于短期备考的同学来说，背下这三本书需要下一番苦功了。
张红岩《词以类记--TOEFL.ibt词汇》这本书可谓是真正的必备托福词汇书，被称为“新一代的托福红宝书”，也是市面上比较少见的分类编写的托福词汇书籍。
因为托福考试的听力和阅读段落学科分类的特点比较显著，分类记忆词汇更贴近真实考试的思维方式。
这本书精选了4000多条词汇，并收录了托福阅读必备词组和经典词汇400题作为附录，同时很贴心地对于不影响理解的偏难单词没有收录，减轻了同学们备考的负担。
李笑来《21天突破TOEFL词汇》这本书也是同学们备考托福词汇时选用的比较多的一本书，它的特点是最为适合需要短期突破托福考试的考生，这本书涵盖的核心词汇2140个，分为21个list，尽管说是21天突破，很多同学反映，其实有10天左右就可以背掉了，因此很适合短期备考的同学。
8天攻克8000词汇教材修订_部分5
The earlier name for this was biritch. The game was enthusiastically taken up by the British in the lush 1880’s. Women were at first excluded and it was as much of a man’s game as poker, but the turn of the century changed that, and women’s clubs became more common than men’s. The story that card were invented to amuse a feeble-minded king seem not to be quite accurate. It is true, however, that the first record of playing cards in Europe appears in the household accounts of Charles VI in 1392 or 1393. But, since his mental illness didn’t appear until 1393, it would seem doubtful that the game of cards could suddenly be invented for his sake. Little is known of their actual beginning, although some writers say that a Chinese by the name of Seun-ho, who lived around 1120 A.D., devised the game for the amusement of his concubines. In Egypt, cards were connected with religious ideas. At the least, we know that by 1483 Europe took to playing cards with such a passion that the first sermon was preached against them by Saint Bernardion of Siena at Bologna, Italy. His congregation was so stirred that they rushed home and made a bonfire of every pack that they had. Germany was an early center of card manufacturing. These cards had images of bell, hearts, leaves, and acorns, representing the nobility, clergy, landowners, and laborers. The Spanish went in for swords, batons, cups, and money. Our own symbols came directly from the French, but the names are a mixture. The club is a translation of the Spanish basto, “baton,” but the figure is the French trefoil, that is, “three-leaved,” really a clover. Spade is from the Spanish espada, or “sward,” which comes ultimately from the Greek spathe which meant “wooden sword.” The French word carreau really means a pane of glass or a tile, but when they use it in cards it identifies what we call a diamond. The heart is simply a conventional drawing of the human heart. In card games the word discard is often used. An earlier spelling of this term was decard, from de, “away,” and card, “card,” which first meant to reject a card from your hand. Now discard is used in other ways than card playing.CHESS: the king is deadWhen chess plays call “check” as a warning to an opponent, they are really saying: “Mind your king, he’s in danger.” Both the words check and chess originated in the Far East back somewhere in the dim ages and both come from the Persian word shah, or “king.” The term shah worked down through Arabic into Old French as eschec, into Middle English as chek, finally to check, which first only signified check as it is used in a chess game, but later logically came to mean a stop, loss, or hindrance, as it does in modern English. The companion word chess entered Middle English as ches from the Old French word eschecs, which is merely the plural form of eschec that gave us the word check. That is, chess is simply a series of check. When a Persian in ancient days had his opponent’s king hopelessly cornered, he announced shah-mat that is, “the king is dead.” If you pronounce those Persian words you will not be very far away from the modern chess player’s phrase, “check-mate.”CUE: first a tailThe long, tapering stick that we use in billiards takes its name from the Latin cauda, “tail.” The108spelling form is greatly changed, but this is natural, for the game of billiards was popular and played by all classes, and the name of the stick that is used in the game passed through dozens of dialects before it emerged as coe, then cue. Our word queue is exactly the same term, but its form was adopted from the modern French spelling. Its common meaning, of course, is “pigtail.” But other thing can be long and tapering too, like the queue that waits for the second show at the movies.FORFEIT: originally a crimeWith us a forfeit is not much more than a penalty in games. As Augustin Daly said in one of his plays back in the 8o’s: “I wish to gracious we could have one of those old-fashion forfeit games where kissing comes in.” But in Old English days a forfaite was a crime, as was a forfait in Old French. If you were discovered committing a forfait, you were arrested. This French word is a compound of the Old French words fors, “outside,” and fait, “done,” hence it literally meant “done outside” or “beyond,” and thus beyond the bounds of the law. This led to the original meaning of transgression, and transgress, itself, simply means “to step across,” that is, across the legal line. A sister word of forfeit is counterfeit from the French word contrefaire, “imitate” or “make parallel with.”GOLF: named from a clubIt is unfortunate that the origin of the name of such a popular game cannot be traced with absolute surety. The majority of the scholars claim that it came from the Dutch word kolf, the term for a club that was used in such games as hockey and croquet. This might indicate that golf began in Holland. It is true that most of the early accounts of the game are out of Scotland, but the records show, nevertheless, that the Scotch imported their best golf balls from the Dutch. The game grew to such popularity in Scotland that the government became disturbed. Golf was crowding out archery as a sport, and practice in archery was important to war. So in March,1457, the Scottish Parliament decreed that golf be “utterly cryit doun and nochtusit.” A few years later James I forbade it entirely, as he had done with bowling, yet the accounts of the Lord High Treasurer for 1503-1506 still show that the Crown’s money was going for golf balls. As s side light, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was a golf fiend and played a few rounds several days after the murder of her husband. However, as students of history will recall, the girl came to no good end.GYMNASTICS: in the nudeIt is easy to see the resemblance between our word gymnastics and its Greek parent gymnazo, which means “train naked” and comes from gymnos, meaning just plain “naked.” In ancient Greece, exercises were often performed in the nude by both boys and men, and, at one period, the famous Olympic track meets were run off in the nude. The Greeks of the time believed that nudity was conducive to health, just as our passionate sunbathers do today. The great Greek physician Hippocrates claimed that the sun was health and soothing to the nerves of the back. As an amusing side note, our mineral “gymnite” is so called because it is found at Bare Hills,109Maryland! With us modern gymnastics are usually performed in a gymnasium while the term athletics generally applies to outdoor contests. The word athletics descends to us from the Greek athlon, the “prize” that the winning athlete received.HAZARD: the die is castAt one time hazard simply meant a dice game, as is indicated by the Arabic origin of the word, al, “the,” and zahr, “die.” But since the cast of the dice is uncertain, the Arabic word al-zahr came into Spanish as azar, meaning “an unexpected accident.” This entered French as hasard, English as hazard. Hazard is still a gambling game, but the word now also means exposure to the chance of loss or injury.MARATHON: recalls an ancient battleNearly two and one-half millenniums ago a little band of 10,000 Athenians defeated 100,000 Persians at the battle of Marathon. A courageous runner brought the news of the thrilling victory to the city of Athens that lay some 26miles away. When the Olympic Games were revived for the first time in 1869, a long distance race was planned to cover the same ground that the earlier runner had traversed almost 2,400 years before. Quite properly, a Greek won this event. Now the word marathon can11011.Terms of Place,Time, Shape, and Size, and their OriginsFATHOMFathom is now six feet.And since sailors are primarily interested in depth,we finally devised the abstract verb fathom which meant “to get to the bottom of ”as of a problem or mystery. FURLONG:as long as a furrowThe modern fancier of race horses calls this measure of distance a furlong,but there was a period in England when the word was spelled furlang,furh for the “furrow”that the farmer turns with his plow,and lang for “long.”That is,a furlong was just as long as a furrow,and in those days a furrow was reasonably constant in length because a furrow was thought of as existing in a field of ten acres.But this measure was still a little elastic for accuracy and by the 9th century the wise men decided to call a furlong an eighth of a mile and let it go at that.Today a furlong is 220 yards.GEYSER: a gusherIn Iceland in an area of about two square miles there are approximately a hundred hot springs that have been a source of wonder to men for centuries .The Icelandic name for such a spring is hver.The largest of the group,however ,has been named the geysir,and from this came our word geyser. The literal meaning of geysir in Iceland is gusher.HALCYON:started as a kingfisherHalcyon days are days of peace and calm when the skies are clear and the winds are still.These days had an actual place on the ancient calendar and were the fourteen days at about the time of the winter solstice .It was during this period that the halcyon,or kingfisher,was supposed to sit on her nest as it floated in the sea.She was believed,you see,to have a magic power to calm the winds and waves so that her nest would be secure .Halcyon is a Latin word that came from the Grddk term,alcyon,or “kingfisher.”JOURNEY: a day’s mileageThis word is based,with several shifts of sound and derivation ,on the Latin word diurnum,”day.”A journey used to mean the distance covered in a “day”;and that journal of yours is what you have written in a “day.”So is a diary (from dies ,another Latin word for day).When we sojourn we spend the “day”and when we adjourn we have finished those things,”belonging to the day.”Or should we adjourn sine die,Latin for “without a day,”our meeting is adjourned indefinitely.And you could guess that a journeyman plumber is really a “day laborer.”MILESTONE: a thousand pacesIt seems that Augustus,first of the Roman emperors,set up a central stone in the Forum called a milliarium from which all distances were reckoned. The mane of this key stone was derived from the Latin word mille which meant a “thousand,”for the Roman mile was calculated as a thousand paces with each pace equalling five feet. Under the imperial regime,the roads were111systematically marked off every mille passuum,or thousand paces.and a stone,or milliarium,was set up with the mane of the emperor carved on it,the date ,the place from which the distance was measured,and usually the name of the roadmaker.In forming our word milestone,we took the first half from the Latin word ,mille,but for the second half we adopted the simple native word stan,now stone.ORIENT: towards the sunriseWe speak of Japan as “the land of the rising sun,”and we correctly call all of the far eastern countries the Orient,for the word Orient comes from th Latin term oriens,orientis,which means “rising.”To the Europe of the early days ,the Orient was where the sun rose.The East signified luck to the ancient soothsayers;the sunrise represented life and the beginning of things .These old time prophets judged the future by the flight of birds.If the sacred birds flew east when the priests released them from their cages,it meant good fortune.This superstition was taken over by the Christians ,and it was the traditional plan of the architecture of the early churches to place the chief altar at the eastern end of the edifice .In these ancient Roman augurs,however,if the sacred birds happened to fly west it presaged disaster,for the early fathers associated the setting sun with death and destruction.In the Latin language the verb occido meant “set ,”as the sun,but it also meant “die.”Of course, it was Latin occidens,occidentis,”falling,” “setting,” that gave to the Europeans and to us the name Occidentals in contradistinction to the Orientals, for we live in the land of the setting sun.PLUMB: began with leadWhen you try to plumb the depths of a philosopher, you are, in a poetic sense, letting down a piece of lead on a line in an attempt to fathom his meaning. This verb plumb, of course, comes from the Latin word plumbum which means “lead”, and a plummet is a lead on the end of the line Since a weighted string hangs straight, the term plumb itself took on the meaning of “straight”, as, “He is going plumb to Hell.” Therefore, anything “out of plumb” is off the perpendicular. Also when you plumment down, you are going down in the most direct fashion possible. With all of this, there is no mystery about where the name plumber come from. This is the handyman who fixed your bathroom pipes when they were only made of plumbum, or “lead”.SHAPE: it came through many spellingsThis simple word has appeared in many forms, the Old Norse skap, Old English gesceap, Middle English schap, and a host of other spellings in between up to just plain shape as we use it. All of these words have the idea of creation in them, of “shaping” with the hands. And from shape, in the form of ship, we have such words as friendship, penmanship,horsemanship. And worship, which simply means “worthy shape”.TAPER: grow thinnerTapering fingers are like a taper candle which is shaped so that it diminishes in diameter at one end. In similar fashion if we taper off in eating or drinking, our consumption gradually grows112less and less like the narrowing cylinder of a candle. The word taper itself seems to come by many intermediate shifts in spelling from the Latin word papyrus which meant taper or wick, for the wicks in those days were made from the pith of the papyrus plant a plant native to Egypt.TIDE AND TIME: first meant the same thingThere is the old familiar phrase: “Time and tide wait for no man”. The history of tidy will be easier to trace if we first take a glance at tide and time. Originally these two words had almost identical meanings. We still preserve the first sense of tide in such an expression as Christmastide, which really means Christmas time, and it wasn’t until the 14th century that tide applied to the ebb and flow of the ocean, which is , of course, connected with time. Once upon a time our word tidy meant timely, too. They would speak of a tidie happening, meaning “opportune” or timely. Finally tidy came to mean “neat”, “clean”, and “in good order”. TRAVEL: was once sufferingIf you don’t like to travel, you have a historical reason for your feeling. Travel, in the old days, could be bitterly uncomfortable and highly dangerous what with bandits, beasts, and barbarians, and the memories of its perils are still held in many terms. The word travel itself, for example, is from precisely the same source as travail which means extreme agony. They are both derived from the French term travailler which means “to work hard” and this word has as its remote ancestor, the Late Latin trepalium which was a device for torturing. When we say farewell, we are actually saying “travel well”. And even our word peril comes from the Latin periculum which meant “the danger of going forth to travel”.ZENITH: over your headWe call the zenith that point in the sky directly overhead. The word zenith derives from the term samt in the Arabic phrase samt arras, “way over the head”, which is just what we mean by the word a millennium or two later. It would seem impossible that the spelling samt would ever end up as zenith, but here’s the story that will show how these spellings can wander around. The word samt had a variant form semt, and then in Medieval Latin days some fellow must have mistaken the form and he miscopied it as cenit. This version popped into the French of that day as cenith, and into English as senyth. The stretch from senyth to zenith is easy for an imagination to cover. This may help us to understand the wide variation in form that often exists between the original word and its modern version. The point in the celestial sphere right under your two feet is called the nadir, and this comes directly from the Arabic nazir, “opposite”, for in this case its spelling wasn’t monkeyed with much.Probably the most important units of time that govern our lives are the months of the year and the days of the week. Here are their stories.Months of the YearJANUARYWhen the clock strikes twelve on New Year’s Eve and December113Passes into January, we say farewell to the year just gone and we hail the New Year ahead. It is fitting that first month should be called January, for the Roman god Janus who gave this month its name was always represented with two faces, one that gazed at the past and one that looked to the future. However, before the name January was adopted in English, this month was called Wulf-Monath, or “wolf-month”, because at this time of the year the bitter cold brought wolves into the villages to forage for food.FEBRUARYThe middle of the month of February was marked in ancient Rome for a religious ceremony in which women were beaten for barrenness. This was called the festival of Lupercalia and was held in a cave by the river Tiber. Two youths were selected to play the leading role in the celebration. After the goats were sacrificed, thongs were cut from their hides and given to the youths.these thongs were called februa, or “instruments of purification”, and should they strike a women, she would no longer be barren. The two young men in question would run around the city with the sacred thongs and give smart and “curative” slaps to any barren girls they saw. No one knows just how they knew whom to hit although the barrenness of a women would probably be common knowledge in any village. However this may be, the magic power of the thongs came from Juno, whose epithet as the goddess of fertility was Februaria, and from this word we took the name of our month. February had 29 days, but the Roman Senate took one away and gave it to August, so that August would not be inferior to July. It’s a long step down from all this romance to the original native name for February. The factual English simply called it SProte-kalemonath because the cabbages were sprouting.MARCHBefore the time of Julius Caesar, the Roman New Year began with the month of Marth. This was not only the beginning of the year but was the open spring season for the waging of war, so the month was dedicated to mars, the god of war, and was named sfter him. Its Old English name was Hlyd-Monath, that is, “boisterous-month”, because of the winds. And, by the way , the expression “mad as a March hare “ comes from the fact that March is the mating season for hares, and are supposedly full of whimsy all month.APRILThis was the month of the first flowers in ancient Italy, as it is with us, and the opening spring buds gave the month its name. The Rome name was Aprilis, based on the Latin word aperio with means “open”. The early Britons, on the other hand, lacked the poetry of the Mediterrancen. They rather flat-footedly called April Easter-Monath, or “Easter-month”, Of course, April brings in April Fool’s Day, and this recalls the festivities held by all ancient peoples at the vernal equinox, beginning on their New Year’s Day, March 25th, and ending on April 1st . It was not until the 18th century in Great Britain that April Fool’s Day, as we know it, was created. The theory about this day traces the tradition back to the medieval miracle plays that used to represent the sending of Christ from Pilate to Herod.114MAYThis is when “the time of the singing birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land”. Sir Thomas Malory called it “the lusty moneth of May”. It is strange that the romantic time of May has always been considered unlucky for marriage. The Romans objected to it for the quite understandable reason that it contained the feast in honor of Bona Dea who was the goddess of chastity. Also the festival of the unhappy dead fell in the month of May. The name May, in Latin, Maius, is believed by many to have come from Maia who was the mother of the god Hermes. The native English had a less romantic but much more practical name for the month . They called it Thrimilce because , in the long , spring days , the cows could be milked three time between sunrise and evening .JUNEThis name is probably form Junius , the name of Latin family to which the murderers of Julius Caesar belonged . Some scholars believe , however , that the name June came form the goddess Juno who was the protectress of women since June has been the favorite month for marriages all the way down form earliest Rome . It can be that the ancient taboos against May marriages are responsible for our modern June rush to the altar . The English name for June was Sere-Monath . or “dry-month .”JULYThe name of this month was proposed by Mark Antony , the Roman general and famous lover of Cleopatra . Antony suggested that this birthday month of Caius Julius Casesar be named Julius in his honor , and the name came into use the year of Caesar’s assassination . In English , the spelling became first Julie , then July . But before the English adopted the Latin name , they had called the month Mad-Monath , or “meadow-month ,” since the meadows were in bloom and the cattle were in pasture .AUGUSTOctavian ,the first Roman emperor ,was the nephew of Julius Caesar , and longed to gain the fame and power of his uncle . He wanted , among other things , to have a month named after him . His birthday was in September , but he selected what is now known as August , for this particular month had been a fortunate one in his career . The Senate had given Octavian the official title of Augustus in honor of his distinguished sercices to the state , so the month he had chosen became Augistus , which we have shortened to August . The prosy and downright English had called this the Weod-Monath , or “weed-month ,” although , in fairness , the word “weed” yhen applied to greenery in general .SEPTEMBERInasmush as the Roman year originally started in March ,September was their seventh month , and the name is taken from the Latin word septem which meant “seven .”When the calendar was changed and September became the ninth month , the name was not altered . Charlemagne , who was Emperor of the West at the beginning of the 9th century , refused to accept the Roman115name and called September the “harvest-month .”England followed suit , and for a long time September was konwen as Harfest-Monath .The harvest then was largely barley , which the thirsty English promptly converted into ale .OCTOBERThis is the season when the smoke of burning leaves is apt to be in the air . Even the Roman poet Martial called October “fumosus ,” or “smoky ,” because the time for lighting fires was at hand . Officially though , the name remained October from the Latin octo , “eight ,” for this month was the eighth on the list before the calendar was altered . The Roman general Germanicus Caesar wanted the month named after him , but he never got very far with his wish . The English first gave the name Win-Monath , or “wine-month ,” to October , and probably a little elderberry wine and such were concocted , but the real preoccupation was the “Brown October Ale “ that we still sing about today .NOVEMBERSince the Emperor Augustus had his month and Julius Caesar his , the polite and politic Romans thought it only proper to propose that November be renamed for the Emperor Tiberius . But Tiberius objected and said rather wittily , “What will you do if you have eleven Caesars?” So the name remained Novernber , from the Latin novem ,”nine .” To the forthright English November was the Blot-Monath , or “sacrifice-month” as it was the time when the heathen Anglo-Saxons sacrificed cattle to their gods . Sometimes they also called it the Wind-Monath , for obvious reasons .DECEMBERLucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus , Emperor of Rome toward the end of the 2nd century , once asked his mistress how she would like to see her name on the calendar . “Amazonius ,” was the name the emperor had in mind ,since the lady had once been painted as an Amazon , but the Senate was not sympathetic and apparently told him to gao watch the gladiators and lions instead . So December went on being called by its old name from decem , “ten,” since December was originally the tenth month . The common name among the English for December was Mid-Winter-Monath , although the Christians of the day called it Haligh-Monath , or “Holy-Month ,”because of birth of Christ .MONDAYIn mythology ,, the moon was the wife of the sun , and so had to have her day in the week , which in Old English was Monandag , or “moon day ,” a translation of the Latin lunae dies ,”day of the moon .” In the superstitious England of theose times people believed that the phases of the moon affected crops and disthe potency medicine , and they were sure too that bacon killed on the old of the moon would shrivel in the pan .TUESDAYIn Norse mythology there was a god named Tyr . A wolf spirit called Fenrir was troubling the world and Tyr volunteered to bind him . He used a chain made of strange substances , the116footstep of a cat , the beards of women , the roots of stones , the breath of fishes . Tyr put his hand in Fenrir’s mouth and bound him , but his hand , in the , was bitten off . In Old English the god’s name Tyr appears as Tiw . He was really a Germanic deity , one very much like Mars , the Roman god of war , and his name gave us the Old English word Tiwesdag ,”the day of Tiw ,” OUR Tuesday , which is a rendering of the Latin dies martis , “day of Mars .” WEDNESDAYIn Old English Wednesday was spelled Wodnesdag , which was the day of the great Germanic god Woden , who corresponded to the Roman divinity Mercury . Both were swift in movement and noted for their eloquence . Woden was the father of Tyr ,who gave us the name Tuesday , and was the god of storms . He welcomed brave warriors to the heaven of Valhalla and treated them to the pleasures that they most loved on earth . He also slew Chaos and created earth from his body , his flesh making the dry land , his bones the mountains , his blood the sea , his Mercurii dies , the “day of Mercury ,” and the French took this over as Mercredi , their name for Wednesday .THURSDAYThor was the strongest and bravest of the Norse deities , and corresponded in the heavenly hierarchy to the Roman god Jupiter , who also handled the lightning bolts . Thor , you see , was the god of thunder which he made with a chariot drawn by he-goats across the sky .Thor owned a massive hammer which the giant Thrym once stole from him and refused to give up unless Freya , the goddess of love , would marry him . Thor dressed up in her clothes wheedled the hammer from Thrym , and then slugged his host . It was the name of this same Thor that formed the Old English word thuresdag , or Thursday , “the day of Thor ,” which equals the Roman dies jives , or “day of Jupiter .”FRIDAYIn Old English , Friday was frigedag , the day of the Norse goddess Frigg , wife of Woden and the goddess Venus , and her day , Friday , was like the Latin dies Veneris , or “day of Venus .”Wednesday and Thursday had been named for her husband Woden and her son Thor , so Friday was assigned to her as appeasement . The Norsemen regarded Friday as their luxky day , but not so the Christians since the Crucifixion took place on Friday .SATURDAYIn Old English saternesdag , merely “Saturn’s day ,” is half-translation and half-adoption of the Latin Saturni dies , or “day of Saturn ,” the Roman god of sowing .SUNDAYSunday replaced Saturday as the Sabbath because the Resurrection took place on a Sunday .It was around the 4th century that the church made it a holiday and forebade anyone to work . In old English it was spelled sunnandag , literally the “sun’s day ,” a translation of the Latin dies solis , or “day of the sun .”117。
刘一男词汇8000
——北京新东方学校刘一男（请您尊重知识产权）前言为什么你记不住单词无论四六级英语考试，还是考研英语，托福阅读考试，都无非是一种语言隔阂的考试。
我们通过对以往的托福阅读考试命题的研究，将频繁出现在考试当中的的词汇搜罗出来，总结成册，叫做托福考试核心词汇或类似的名字。
准备参加托福阅读考试的人是背了单词之后再上考场，这其实等于已经将英语考试简化成了一场语文考试，在考场上大家也就是读文学故事，答语文题，但是为什么我们的考生依然会普遍反映句子读不懂，题目做不完，我们的整个学习过程是哪个环节出了问题？就是——背单词。
我们已经获得的的单词量有两个顽疾，一是单词含义记得不牢，模模糊糊。
二是见到单词反应其汉语意思的速度不快，回忆起来很慢，有的甚至根本回忆不起来。
单词不能光靠“背”，死记硬背单词有两大坏处，一，效率不高：记了忘，忘了记，如此反复，消磨了意志，丧失了兴趣，久而久之，英语学习变得令人厌恶起来。
二，哪怕部分同学靠过人的意志和吐血的勤奋以“变成了书呆子”的代价终于把单词给硬记下来了，到了考场上，却依然看不懂文章，因为硬背下来的东西，没有心领神会，一篇文章在他眼中只是转译成了一个个彼此孤立的单词，于是他只能“阅读”，无法达到“理解”的境界，英语成绩依然很糟。
单词一定要理解记忆，第一，理解记忆效率高，很快可以记住一个单词，这一点可以在今后的课程中得到验证。
第二，理解记忆印象深，很难想象一个不认识“鼻”字的人能把“打鼾”的“鼾”字记得很牢，其实英文单词如出一辙，英文的“打鼾”是“snore”,过去你不知道，英语单词中“sn”开头的时候，“sn”有强烈的“口、鼻”的含义，比如：sn ap-猛咬，sn ack-快餐（需要大口咬的餐种），sn eeze-打喷嚏，sn iff-用力吸、嗤之以鼻，等等。
那么，学员们会追问两个问题，第一，为什么“sn”会有这样的“口、鼻”的含义呢,这种含义是不是杜撰的呢，经得起实践的检验么？这种含义来自“snake-蛇”这个词，由于蛇这种动物有大口取食的习惯，人们就借用了对蛇的这种认识，引入语言之中，铸就了这些和“口、鼻”相关的单词。
8天攻克8000词汇
PART II ORIGIN1. Where Words About Human Beings Come FromACHIEVE：to come to a headThis seems like a simple word,but its history is extremely complicated.The word achieve derives,if you can believe it,from the Latin phrase ad caputvenire,which literally meant”to come to a head.”Sometimes the Romans used it in the gloomy meaning”to die.”Later on Old French took over the phrase adcaput,”to a head” and built on it the verb achever,”to finish,”and this passed into English as achieve.In Chaucer’s day,and even up to the time of Queen Elizabeth,achieve could still mean”to die”or”to kill”Shakespeare used it in this sense in one of his plays,as”Bid them achieve(“kill”)me and then sell my bones.”Along with achieve the Old French developed the word meschever,in English mischief,which in the beginning meant to overwhelm with destruction,and both of these words still have in them the original sense of the Latin caput,or”head.”For when you have achieved something,you have”brought it to a head,”haven’t you?But shoul d you get into mischief,things have been”brought to a bad head”(Latin mis-,”bad”),and those who perpetrated the mischief are apt to come to grief. Thus,when Merlin,the wise man of Arthurian legend,said:”Synne draweth bothe man and woman to myschebouse ends,”he was using the word in its early and stronger sense.ADEPT:originally an alchemistAre you adept,that is,highly skilled at some particular thing?Then you should know the secret of the philosopher’s s stone that transformed base metals into gold.In the Middle Ages the alchemists who claimed to have this secret called themselves adeptus,a Latin word that means”attained,”from the verb adipiscor,from ad,”to,”and apiscor,”attain.”That is,the alchemists had”attained”their ter,in the 17th century,ad eptus became a title of honor that was applied only to alchemists of recognized reputation.But when alchemy finally fell into disrepute,the word became a general term of skill.Now you can be adept at cooking or tennis or such. But if you are inept,you have”not”(Latin in,”not”)attained your goal.You are inexpert and awkward and you are apt to say things that are unbecoming and inappropriate to the occasion.AMBLE:just walking aroundAccording to the dictionary when you amble,you”move,ride,or walk at an easy and careless pace.”The derivation is from the Latin ambulo,”walk.”You can also easily detect this same term ambulo in our word ambulance or,as the French used to call this vehicle at the time of the Crimean War,hospital ambulant,”walking hospital.”The English soon left off the hospital part and just called it an ambulance.And there is the perambulator,too,that we push the baby around in,and that also takes walking to do.ANTICS:originally fantastic imagesOn the walls of the Baths of the Roman Emperor Titus some old and fantastic images were carved,representing people and animals and flowers all running together in the most grotesque fashion possible.The Italians appli ed their word antico,”old,”to these curious carvings,but because of the weird posturings of the figure antico came also to mean “bizarre,”and so gave us our word antic.Thus,when a person cuts up with some antics,it means that he is going through a lot of queer capers like those weir Roman figures,or like a clown in a circus.This Italian word antico derives from the Latin antiquus,and from this latter term through the French we received out word antique.Antiquus meant”venerable”and so ”excelling in worth and value,”which is what we hope for when we buy antiques.ASSASSIN: once a drug-fiendSome 800 years ago there was an East Indian sheik who was colorfully known as ”The Old Man of the Mountains.”He was the supposed head of an early version of “Murder, Inc.,”and his fanatical followers made it their business to slaughter the Christian Crusaders who were on their way to the Holy Land. The murderers got themselves into the proper frenzy for their job by chewing hashish, an Eastern variety of hemp that could produce a fine state of intoxication in any teetotalling Mohammedan. Today cifarett es called ”reefers”are made out of this hemp and are smoked by marihuana addicts. In the ancient days of India word hashshashin entered Medieval Latin as assassinus, and so into English as our word assassin, which still retains its murderous history in its meaning.。
新东方8000词汇公开课
<cis> = cut
concise incise incisive incisor precise suicide
<fin>
WORD DECODE
fine： fine hair fine eyes on color fine differences fine pants fine china
其他方法
英语本身是变化的 ： 英国本土的语言原是凯尔特语(Celtic)。 公元五世纪，盎格鲁萨克逊人入侵，他们使用的 萨克逊语的词汇就属于西日尔曼语支的日尔曼词 汇。成为古英语词汇的主体。 公元十一世纪，诺曼征服并统治英国几百年，诺 曼人使用的法语和拉丁语的词汇大量引进。 文艺复兴时期，又继续大量引进拉丁语、希腊语、 意大利语的词汇。 随着英语走向世界，又从世界各国吸收新的词汇， 近年来尤其受美语的影响。 由此可见，经过本身一千八百多年的发展和大量 引进外来语，英语变成世界上词汇来源最广的语 言。
Re-
renovation
a -tion
利用单词演绎法记单词
WORD DECODE
nausea=navy + sea(t) nova=new + star novel=new + el novelty=novel + ty lenovo=legend + new + o
词源法
WORD DECODE
8000 (TOEFL)
7000 (IELTS)
6000 (CET6) 4000 (CET4) 2000 (survival)
词汇学习中遇到的问题
WORD DECODE
记了忘
单词记忆方法
WORD DECODE
英语四六级词汇复习技巧：8天攻克8000词汇(一)英语四级词汇
散哭序秘・厚謹佚連萩恵諒・LESSON ONEBELL rebel rebellious rebellion belligerent belligerence bellicose antebellumPACT/PEASE compact compactly compactness compactor impact impacted impaction pacify pacifist pact appeaseHOSP/HOST hostage hospice hostel inhospitableAM/IM amateur amatory amiable amity amorist amorous enemy enmity amicable enamored inimical paramourCRIM crime criminal criminate recriminate criminology decriminalize incriminate recriminationPROB/PROV prove proof probable probably probability probate probation probationary probationer probative probe probing approbate approbatory approve approvable approval disapproval disproof improve improvement reprobation reprove reproof reprieve approbation disprove probity reprobateGRAV grave gravitation gravimeter aggravate aggravation grief grieve aggrieve gravid gravitas gravitate gravityLEV lever leverage levy levitate levitation alleviation elevation elevator relevance relieve relief alleviate elevate leavening levityACT action actionable activate activation activator active activity actual actuality actualize actually actuate enact enactment exact exacting exaction exactitude exactly inaction inactive interact react reactor reaction transact transaction agency agent agile agility agitate agitation agitator agony cogent cogitate exigent prodigal AGOGUE demagogue pedagogue synagogueAL/OL/ UL aliment alimental alimentary alimentation alimony adolescence adolescent prolific prolificacy proliferate adult adulthood adultnessALT altar altimeter altitude exalt exaltationALTER/ALI alter alteration altercate altercation alternate alternation alternative alternator altruism altruistic alien alienable alienate alienation alias alibi adulterate adulteryANG anger angry anguish anxiety anxiousANGL/ANGUL angle angular equiangular rectangle triangle triangularAG agitate litigate prodigal synagogueVEN/VENT adventitious adventure adventurous venture venturous misadventure circumvent circumvention contravene contravention convene convention conventional conventioneer convenient convenience event eventful eventual eventuate invent invention inventor prevent prevention preventive intervene intervenient supervene avenue revenue souvenir advent provenance venturesome venueCAP/CEP/CIP capable capacious capacity caption captivate captivating captive captivity captor capture accept acceptable acceptance acceptation accepted conceive conceivable concept conception deceive deceivable deceit deception deceptive except exception exceptionable exceptional inception inceptive intercept interception interceptor perceive percept perception perceptive precept preceptor receive receiver receivable receipt receptacle receptive recipient susceptibility susceptive anticipate anticipation participate participation participle emancipate emancipation reception incipient perceptible susceptible。