南开大学246西班牙语2018年考研专业课真题试卷
南开大学研究生基础英语考试真题
南开大学研究生基础英语考试真题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi there, everyone! Today, I want to share with you the real test questions from the NanKai University Basic English Test for Graduate Students. Sounds pretty serious, right? Don't worry, I'll break it down for you in a fun and easy way!Question 1:What does the word "confident" mean? How can you show confidence in your daily life?Confident means believing in yourself and your abilities. You can show confidence by speaking up in class, trying new things, and standing up for yourself when you believe in something. Remember, you are awesome just the way you are!Question 2:Write a short paragraph about your favorite hobby and explain why you enjoy it.My favorite hobby is playing soccer. I love running around the field with my friends, scoring goals, and getting exercise. It'sso much fun and makes me feel happy and energized. Plus, it's a great way to make new friends and work as a team.Question 3:What is your dream job and why? How will you achieve your dream job in the future?My dream job is to become a scientist and discover new things that can help people. I will achieve my dream by studying hard in school, asking lots of questions, and never giving up. I believe that if I work hard and stay positive, I can make my dream job come true.So, there you have it, the NanKai University Basic English Test for Graduate Students in a nutshell! I hope this helped you understand the questions better and remember, believe in yourself and you can do anything. Good luck with your studies and exams!篇2Title: My Experience in Nanjing University Graduate English ExamHi everyone! Today I want to share my experience in the Nanjing University Graduate English Exam. It was quite an adventure!First, let me tell you about the exam format. There were four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was a bit tricky because the speakers spoke really fast! I had to concentrate hard to understand everything they were saying. The reading part was not too bad, but there were some difficult vocabulary words that I had to look up in the dictionary.The writing part was my favorite because I got to express my own ideas. I wrote about my favorite season, which is summer. I love going to the beach and swimming in the ocean. The speaking part was a bit nerve-wracking because I had to talk in front of the examiners. But I think I did pretty well!Overall, the exam was challenging but also fun. I learned a lot of new words and phrases, and I improved my English skills. I'm proud of myself for taking on this challenge and I can't wait to see the results!If you're thinking about taking the Nanjing University Graduate English Exam, I say go for it! It's a great opportunity to test your English skills and challenge yourself. Good luck!篇3Hello everyone, I want to share with you the questions of the Nanjing University Graduate Basic English Exam. The exam was really tough, but I tried my best!Question 1: Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice: "The teacher gave the students a quiz."Hmm, this one was kinda tricky! I think the answer should be "The students were given a quiz by the teacher."Question 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb: "I _______ (not see) my friend since last week."I remember this one! The answer is "haven't seen." Easy peasy!Question 3: Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: "I have _____ (been / gone) to Paris before."I know this one! The answer is "been." I wish I could go to Paris too!Question 4: Write a short paragraph describing your favorite movie and why you like it.I wrote about my favorite movie "Finding Nemo." I love it because it's about a little fish who goes on a big adventure to find his son. It's funny and exciting!Question 5: Translate the following sentence into English: "."I translated it as "I want to go to the park to play." I love playing in the park!Overall, the exam was challenging, but I did my best. I hope I did well and can pass the test. Thank you for reading my article about the Nanjing University Graduate Basic English Exam!篇4Today, I want to tell you about a super hard test called the "Nankai University Basic English Graduate Entrance Exam". It's like a big challenge for all the big kids who want to go to Nankai University to study more about English.So, this test is not like the easy English tests we take in primary school. It's super serious and you have to know a lot of big, fancy English words. But don't worry, I'll tell you some of the topics they ask about in the exam.First, they ask about reading comprehension. You have to read a big, complicated passage and answer questions about it.You have to really understand what the passage is saying, so you can answer the questions correctly.Then, they ask about vocabulary. You have to know a lot of words and what they mean. Some of the words are really hard, like "discern" or "inconceivable". It's like a big puzzle trying to figure out what all those words mean.Next, they ask about grammar. You have to know all about nouns, verbs, adjectives, and all that stuff. It's like trying to put together a big sentence puzzle. You have to make sure all the pieces fit together perfectly.Finally, they ask about writing. You have to write a big essay about a topic they give you. You have to make sure your grammar is perfect and your ideas are clear and organized. It's like telling a big story with your own words.So, if you want to pass the Nankai University Basic English Graduate Entrance Exam, you have to work really hard and study a lot. But don't worry, I know you can do it! Just practice your English every day and you'll be ready for the big test. Good luck, big kids!篇5Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the Nanjing University postgraduate basic English exam that I took recently. It was kind of tough, but I managed to get through it!So, the exam had a bunch of different sections. The first part was listening, where they played recordings of people speaking English and we had to answer questions about what they said. It was a bit hard to understand at first, but I tried my best and got some of the answers right.The next part was reading, where we had to read a bunch of passages and answer questions about them. Some of the passages were really long and it was hard to stay focused, but I did my best to read carefully and answer the questions.After that, we had a grammar section where we had to fill in the blanks with the correct words. This part was a bit tricky because English grammar can be really confusing sometimes, but I tried my best to remember all the rules we learned in class.The last part of the exam was writing, where we had to write an essay about a given topic. I had to think really hard about what to write, but I managed to come up with some good ideas and wrote a decent essay.Overall, the exam was pretty challenging, but I think I did okay. I hope I pass and can continue my studies at Nanjing University. Wish me luck!篇6Yo! So today I wanna talk about this super tough exam called the South Open University basic English exam for grad students. It's like a big deal, you know? You gotta be on your A-game to pass this bad boy!So, like, the exam is all about testing your English skills. They wanna see if you can read, write, listen, and speak English like a boss. It's all multiple-choice questions and short answer stuff, so you gotta really know your stuff.They ask you all kinds of things, like grammar rules, vocabulary words, and even some reading comprehension. It's no joke, you gotta study hard if you wanna do well.But hey, don't stress too much! Just take it one question at a time and do your best. And remember, it's not about being perfect, it's about trying your hardest and learning from your mistakes.So yeah, that's the lowdown on the South Open University basic English exam for grad students. It's a tough one, but if you put in the work and stay positive, you got this! Good luck, my dudes!篇7Hi everyone, I want to share with you the questions from the NanKai University Research English Exam, which I just took. It was quite tough, but I tried my best! Here are some of the questions:1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:He (study) __________ English for five years.2. Choose the correct answer:I haven’t seen him _____ he left for Japan.A. forB. sinceC. agoD. before3. Write a short paragraph (about 100 words) on the topic "My Favorite Season".My favorite season is summer because I can go swimming and play outside with my friends. I also love eating ice cream and having picnics in the park.4. Translate the following sentence into English:。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(高考)西班牙语试题 图片版有答案
参考答案1~5 CAABA6~10 CCBCB11~15 AABCC16~20 BAABB21.se habia casado22.hubo23.confirmara24.estaria25.se hubieran marchado26.habria salido27.solia28.prometes29.venga30.se hayan despertado31.por32.desde33.para34.con35.ante36.de37.a38.sin39.en40.entre41.el42./43.los45.Una46~50 ACDAC51~55 BCDAD56~60 DCDBA61~65 CABAB66~70 CDCAB71.El hechicero hizo que las lenguas solo dijeran cosas malas gcnte se sentia enfadada con todos73.Hizo práctica māgica sobre las orejas. Estas cobraron vida, cuando las lenguas empezaban sus criticas, ellas se cerraban fuertemente, impidiendo que la genta oyera.74.Con el pasp del tiempo, empezaron a sentirse inútiles, ya que nadie les escuchaba. Como preferian que les escucharan , empezaron a camviar lo que decian.75.Para terminar con las criticas, hay que cerrar las orejas y no hacerles caso.76.Porque ayuda a abrir la puerta al futuro laboral.77.Primero, tiene que ser breve. Segundo , debe reflejar lo que uno es en realidad. Tercero, no puede tener errores gramaticales.78.Hay que poner la titulacion superior y los cursos relacionados con el puesto dde trabajo que uno solicita . Np hay que oolvidar los idiomas estudiados y los conceimientos de informática.79.Cuando uno tiene otros datos importantes que anadir, ademas de los datos relatibos a la formacion academica y a la experiencia profesional80.Si uno no opta a un puesto de máxima responsabilidad o tiene más de veinte anos deexperiencia, el curriculum no deberia ocupar más de una o dos páginas.81.Con mucha dificultad avanzamos contrl el viento. lluvia fuerte de ese dia les imoidio ir de excursion83.Es toda una tragedia. Ojala no vuelva a suceder.84.Ya llevamos esperando aqui una hora y media, pero nadie vieneo no tenian plano, aquellos jovenes no tradaron en perderse en esa ciudad grande y desconcida.86.好多人啊！那儿可能发生了一起事故。
南开大学2018年博士研究生入学考试(经济学)真题
南开大学2018年博士研究生入学考试（经济学）真题
《微观经济学》
1、简述福利经济学第一，第二定理。
2、辨析钻石产量增加，持有钻石的效用是否降低。
3、一厂商处于长期均衡生产水平，现价格变化，分析短期长期影响。
4、计算消费者剩余变化。
补偿性变化和等值性变化。
5、计算要素需求函数，利润函数，和最优要素投入量，这个题目很怪。
6、证明凸性的三个定义等价。
7、给了共享单车市场和网约车市场的市场结构变化，论述市场结构变化对效率和福利的影响。
8、给了材料说明网络效应是外部性的一种，论述传统的外部性公共政策是否合适;比较共享单车和滴滴的网络效应模式，并论述其早期补贴的效果。
《宏观经济学》：
1、新古典增长理论关于收敛的论述，并简述新古典增长理论缺陷。
2、简述李嘉图等价。
3、简述卢卡斯批判
4、计算一个两期效用最大化模型，不难。
5、计算索洛中性型（技术进步在资本上）新古典增长模型收敛路径，及产出和资本的增长率。
6、给了材料，三问分别是论述现代货币数量论和传统货币数量论的区别;凯恩斯主义和货币主义对货币政策的区别;凯恩斯主义和货币主义对通货膨胀的区别。
7、给了材料，分别论述结合增长理论，我国改革开放40年的增长源泉是什么;经济增长方式由高速到高质量转变的重要性;中等收入扩大的意义。
南开大学专业英语考研大纲2018年与2019年对比一览表(外国语学院)
南开大学专业英语考研大纲2018年与2019年对比一览表（外国语学院）
南开大学专业英语（外国语学院）2019年考研大纲已经公布，但是考研的同学都清楚何如利用吗？考研大纲是目标院校唯一官方指定的硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据，是规定研究生入学考试相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等权威指导性文件。
考研大纲作为唯一官方的政策指导性文件在专业课备考中的作用是不言而喻的。
然而，各大高校的考试大纲均在9月中旬左右才公布，对参照前一年的考研大纲已经复习大半年的莘莘学子来说可谓姗姗来迟。
借此，我们天津考研网特别推出考研大纲的对比、变化情况的系列专题，及时反映相关的考研动态，以此来消除学子们的复习误区；使学子们尽早捕捉到官方的细微变化。
为考研之路保驾护航！
以上是南开大学专业英语2018年与2019年考研大纲的对比情况，从对比文件可以看出，南开大学专业英语的考研大纲没有发生变化。
所以，报考目标院校目标专业的研友们可以安心的按照已定计划去复习备考。
南开大学专业英语考研资料请到天津考研网官网咨询查看。
南开大学2018年博士研究生入学考试(病理及眼科学)真题
南开大学2018年博士研究生入学考试（病理及眼科学）真题病理
一. 单选（1.5x20）
二.名解（英翻中）
1.R-S细胞
2.蜂窝织炎
3.新月体肾小球肾炎
4.转移性钙化
5.Barret食管
6.伤口2期愈合
7.粥样斑块
8.肿瘤干细胞
9.肉芽肿
10.心衰细胞
三.简答
1.肿瘤三级分级及TNM分期
2.肝硬化的病理表现、原因及形态学分类
3.骨折愈合过程及影响因素
4.化生的定义、分类、结局和对机体的影响。
并举一例说明。
眼科
一. 名解（英翻中3X10）
1.上睑下垂
2.ROP
3.伪装综合征
4.铁质沉着症
5.前房角
6.真菌性角膜炎
7.白塞氏病
8.TAO
9.屈光参差
二. 简答（5X8）
1.视网膜静脉周围炎的临表及治疗
2.弱视的危险因素、诊断标准及分类
3.眼的胚胎发育过程
4.眼眶横纹肌肉瘤的临表
5.原发性闭角型青光眼的临床分期及临表
6.Fuch综合征的临表
7.后段玻璃体切割术的适应症
8.圆锥角膜的临表和治疗
三.论述（10X3）
1.白瞳症的鉴别
2.飞秒激光在眼科学中的应用
3.抗VEGF治疗进展。
2018年考研南开大学中国古代文学专业真题回忆
文学基础
一、名词解释
艺术真实《世说新语》性灵派学衡派
史铁生《贝奥武甫》
二、简答
1.结构主义文学的主要理论观点
2.《汉书》与《史记》在思想与艺术上的不同
3.新月诗派的理论主张及创作个性
4.巴奴日形象的意义
三、诗歌鉴赏
1.说若举一首诗，当举《锦瑟》（大致意思），闻一多也写过《一篇<锦瑟>解人难》，试着赏析《锦瑟》
2.《秋草》是鲁迅《》（书名忘了^_^¦¦¦）的钥匙，试着赏析《秋草》
四、论述
1.说明形式对文学作品的作用
2.鲁迅说：《红楼梦》一出传统的思想和写法都被打破了，试着论述
3.结合《棋王》论阿城写作的特点
4.论述20世纪西方文学中的荒原意向
古代文学
一、
江左宫商发越，贵于清绮河朔河义贞刚重乎气质气质则理胜其词清绮则文过其意理深者便于时用文华者宜于咏歌。
此其南北词人得失之大较也。
若能掇彼清音，简兹累句，各去所短，舍其两长，则文质斌斌，尽善尽美矣。
《隋书·文学传序》
1.这段文字的核心思想是什么
2.你怎么看待这个问题
二、名次解释
《古文苑》《文选》《文苑英华》苏门四学士以诗为文《直斋书录解题》
三、简答
1.比较《诗经》与《楚辞》的异同
2.南朝骈文的艺术特点
3.明代唐宋派散文的特点
4.两汉述行赋的创作概况
5.金圣叹文学理论的主要观点
6.张孝祥的词风he在词史上的地位
四、论述
1.刘勰“文变染乎世情，兴废系乎时序”就此论述
2.论述马致远的杂剧、散曲及其文学价值
3.李白乐府、歌行的抒情特色
4.写出你所知道的红学派别和评价
1。
2018南开大学法学综合考研真题—新祥旭考研辅导素材
优质文档梳理素材归纳不易，仅供学习参考
2018南开大学法学综合考研真题
一、名词解释
1、公司债券
2、委托性规范
3、最惠国待遇
4、绝对商行为
5、承兑
二、简述题
1、简述科学技术对法的影响
2、准据法的概念、特点
3、简述票据保证与民法保证的区别
4、如何理解建设社会主义法治国家
5、简述法律冲突的含义及其产生原因
6、保险代位权的概念、行使条件三、论述题论公司的分类及其民事责任，并比较各种公司的优劣
三、论述题论公司的分类及其民事责任，并比较各种公司的优劣
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
(文档梳理仅供参考学习，记得收藏)
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1/1。
各专业共同考试科目： 101思想政治理论：全国统考试题 外国语(含第二.doc
各专业共同考试科Fh101思想政治理论：全国统考试题外国语（含第二外语）：201英语一、202俄语、203 口语由国家统一命题, 241英语、242俄语、243日语、244德语、245法语、246西班牙语、247朝鲜语由我校自行命题自命题参考书H:241英语：任选一套大学本科外语专业学生所用英语二外教材242俄语：大学俄语《东方》（1-3册），丁树杞主编，外语教学与研究出版社243日语：《大学日本语》（1-3册），王廷凯主编，四川大学出版社244德语:《德语》，吴永年、华宗德编著，上海外语教育出版社245法语：《法语》（1-3册），北京外国语大学法语系马晓宏编著，外语教学与研究出版社或《简明法语教程》（上、下册），孙辉编著，商务印书馆（任选其中一套）246西班牙语：《现代西班牙语》（1-2册），刘元祺、徐蕾编，外语教学与研究出版社或《西班牙语速成》（上下册），李威伦编，北京语言文化大学出版社（任选其中一套）247朝鲜语：《轻松学韩语》（初级1、2,中级1、2）, ? ? ?韩国语补习班编箸，罗远惠译，北京大学出版社010103外国哲学初试参考书冃:631哲学综合《哲学通论》，孙正聿，复旦大学出版社《中国哲学史》（上、下），冯友兰，华东师范大学出版社831西方哲学史，《西方哲学简史》，赵敦华，北京大学出版社《政治哲学导论》，托马斯，中国人民大学出版社复试参考书冃:《新编现代西方哲学》，刘放桐主编，人民出版社040102课程与教学论初试参考书冃：311教育学专业基础综合由教育部统一命题复试参考书冃：《课程理论》，施良方，教育科学出版社《中国教育史》（修订版），孙培青，华东师范大学出版社《外国教育史》（修订本），王天一等，北京师范大学出版社050101文艺学初试参考书冃：622文艺学综合《文学理论教程》（修订四版），童庆炳主编，高等教育出版社822西方文论《西方美学史》，朱光潜，人民文学出版社《当代文学理论导读》，（英）塞尔登等著、刘象愚译，北京大学出版社。
2018南开大学法律硕士考研真题[5篇材料]
![2018南开大学法律硕士考研真题[5篇材料]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9cb38a3bf02d2af90242a8956bec0975f465a4d2.png)
2018南开大学法律硕士考研真题[5篇材料]第一篇：2018南开大学法律硕士考研真题2018南开大学法律硕士（法学/非法学）考研真题一、单项选择题：第1-40小题，每小题1分，共40分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1、从刑法的形式渊源来看，全国人大常委会《关于惩治骗购外汇、逃汇和非法买卖外汇犯罪的决定》是A狭义刑法 B 单行刑法C附属刑法 D立法解释2、“过失犯罪法律有规定的才负刑事责任”刑法的这一规定体现的原则是A 罪刑法定原则B 主客观相统一原则C罪责刑相适应原则 D 刑法适用平等原则3、甲挪用公款炒股亏损无力归还，被检察机关以贪污罪起诉，人民法院依法认定甲的行为构成挪用公款罪。
人民法院对本案罪名的变更体现了（）A规制机能 B 保护机能C 保障机能 D威慑机能4、下列行为可以构成犯罪的是（）A 参加传销组织B 多次敲诈勒索他人财物C雇佣童工清理客房 D拐卖15周岁的男孩5、甲在丈夫的水杯中投毒，意图杀害丈夫，丈夫中毒后呕吐不止，甲见状不忍，将丈夫送到医院，使之得救。
甲的行为属于（）A犯罪预备 B 犯罪未遂 C 犯罪中止 D犯罪既遂6、2014年6月29日，甲持枪抢劫后逃到外地，同年 11月8日，甲因琐事将他人殴打成重伤，对甲的抢劫犯罪（）A经过20年不再追诉B从2014年6月20日计算追诉时效C因为甲逃避追查，其追诉时效不受限制D 如果20年后认为必须追诉的，报请公安部核准7、甲乙二人驾驶摩托车夺取吴某挎包，因车速快将吴某带倒，致其重伤，甲乙的行为（）A 抢夺罪B 故意伤害罪 C抢劫罪 D 抢夺罪和过失致人重伤罪8、甲因涉嫌受贿被捕，在受讯间时如实供述了受贿罪刑，并举报了同监室的一名犯罪嫌疑人企图潜逃，经查证属实，下列选项中正确的是（）A甲有自首情节，对其可以从轻处罚B 甲有立功情节，对其可以免除处罚C 甲有坦白情节，对其可以从轻处罚D 甲具有重大立功情节，对其应当免除处罚9、甲明知王某是逃犯，在公安人员前来抓捕王某时，给其3000元帮其逃跑，甲的行为构成（）A 窝藏罪B 妨害公务罪C 包庇罪D 私放在押人员罪10、张某深夜撞门进入甲家，被甲安装在保险柜上的防盗装置击中头部受轻伤，甲的行为（）A 事先防卫B 正当防卫 C假想防卫 D 防卫过当11、根据刑法规定，在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶，情节恶劣的，“处拘役，并处罚金”，该处法律规定属于（）A 援引法定刑B 绝对确定法定刑C 相对确定法定刑D 绝对不确定法定刑12、甲在封闭的居民小区内醉酒驾驶，拐弯时因采取措施不当，将人行道上的工人撞成重伤，甲的行为应认定为（）A 危险驾驶罪B 交通肇事罪C 故意伤害罪D 过失致人重伤罪13、甲将面粉制作的假冒的消炎药卖至某药店后，获利巨大，对甲的行为（）A 应以诈骗罪定罪处罚B 只能以生产、销售假药罪定罪处罚C 只能以生产、销售假冒产品罪定罪处罚D应以生产、销售假药罪和生产、销售伪劣产品罪责一重罪处罚14、法官甲违背事实和法律，判决赵某的儿子无罪。
2018南开大学外国语学院考研复试通知复试时间复试分数线复试经验
2018南开大学外国语学院考研复试通知复试时间复试分数线复试经验启道考研网快讯：2018年考研复试即将开始，启道教育小编根据根据考生需要，整理2017年南开大学外国语学院考研复试细则，仅供参考：一、复试科目（启道考研复试辅导班）二、复试通知（启道考研复试辅导班）（一）复试组织和原则：我院成立学院招生工作领导小组，坚决贯彻和执行“南开大学2017年全日制硕士研究生复试办法”的精神，坚持公平公开、择优录取、保证质量的原则，负责制定学院研究生复试细则、复试组织管理等规定，组织复试和录取工作。
（二）资格审查：【注意：逾期不到者取消复试资格】达到我院复试分数线的考生均可参加复试。
复试确认请留意南开大学研究生院网站。
考生请于2017年3月13日上午8点到八里台校区外国语学院第7教学楼104室交费，每人交复试费90元。
凭交费单参加资格审核。
考生交费后请到7教139室参加资格审核并验证。
默认研究生入学后均住校，如有不住校的考生，务必在资格审核时单独向老师说明。
考生资格审核请提交①身份证原件及复印件②毕业证书(或应届生持学生证)原件③各专业证书(日语为国际一级证书)原件④本科学习成绩单原件(加盖学校教务处公章或单位档案管理部门公章，成绩单如果遗失考生可以去本科毕业院校教务处补开或从档案中复印)。
考生务必提前将材料按以上①②③④排好顺序。
“专业证书原件和本科学习成绩单”原件，在面试时再次当场提交给面试秘书，面试完后务必当场取走。
资格审核后全体考生请马上到7教小礼堂集合等待，有重要事项通知，不能缺席，否则一切后果自行承担。
（三）复试内容、方式及要求：1.笔试科目(30分)：英语语言文学：综合英语俄语语言文学：俄语笔译日语语言文学：日语笔译外国语言学及应用语言学：综合英语笔试时间：2017年3月13日上午10点开始笔试地点：7教小礼堂笔试要求：考生请在试卷指定位置写上报考专业、姓名、准考证号，写在其它地方该试卷无效。
正反面均可答题。
南开大学外国语学院语言学基础历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。
2018南开大学作业考核《大学英语》(一)答案复习课程
南开大学现代远程教育学院考试卷大学英语（一）姓名：学号：PartⅠ答题纸：请将1－20题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(每题1分，共20分)PartⅡ答题纸：请将21－45题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(每题2分，共50分)PartⅢ答题纸：请将46－50题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(46-49每题2分，50题7分，共15分)PartⅣ答题纸：请将答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(本题15分)Model Test ThreePartⅠVocabulary and StructureDirections: This part is to test your ability to use words and phrases correctly to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2sections.Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.1．To _____ the truth，I really didn’t know anything about yesterday’s meeting．A) do C) putB) tell D) take2．Your sales methods will depend the customers with whom you deal．A) with C) inB) on D) for3．We support the view that poor management will ______business failure．A) break up C) 1ead toB) take in D) put off4．In recent years，there have been over 30 foreign companies _____ business in this city．A) doing C) to doB) do D) done5．It is easy to get the software we need __________the market is small．A) as if C) althoughB) so that D) until6．By the end of this year，they ______ a new program in Europe．A) had started C) are startingB) start D) will have started7．Language learning is a slow process，which _______ a lot of effort，time and patience．A) requires C) paysB) 1eaves D) offers8．More than 100 people died _______the earthquake in that area．A) in ease of C) in addition toB) as a result of D) on the basis of9．Mike has already put forward his suggestion _______a production plan should be completed next week．A) whom C) whichB) what D) that10．I am writing to apply for the _______ of Sales Manager advertised in last Friday’s China Daily．A) business C) positionB) trade D) operationSection BDirections: There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word orwords in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 11．(general) _________speaking，table manners vary from culture to culture．12．The wallpaper pattern(design) _________ by a famous Chinese artist several years ago．13．The program aims to let all the employees(understand)_______ the culture of the company．14．The organization will start a(move) _______to protect the environment next month．15．They have already discussed the report(give) _______ by the department manager．16. We will set up a factory in that country，which is rich in(nature) ________resources．17．Peter actually does a good job in keeping the store clean，which is not as(simple) ________ as it seems to be．18．I really enjoy(work) _______ together with you，and thank you for your cooperation．19．My first(impress) ______ of England was that it was a grey and rainy place．20．With the joint efforts of all the members，the team(perform) _______very well last year．PartⅡReading ComprehensionDirections: this part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as youare instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 21 to 25. For each question or statementthere are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the correctchoice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.When you speak on the telephone，you cannot use your facial(面部的)expression，eye contact and gestures to help communicate your message．Your voice must do the job．A good voice is pleasant to listen to because it communicates a positive message．Keep in mind the following qualities of a good voice：Speak in a voice neither too loud nor too soft．Speak louder when giving important information．Speak slowly enough so that the listener has a chance to understand your message without your having to repeat it．Keep in mind that as you speak the other person may be taking notes．Pronunciation is the correct way to say a word．To avoid mispronouncing(读错音)words，you may wish to check the pronunciation of unfamiliar words in the dictionary before you use them．People with an accent unlike yours may not understand your pronunciation of some words．You also may not understand the pronunciation of some of their words．In these cases, careful pronunciation is very important for effective communication. You may need to repeat or spell words that are unusual or easy to be misunderstood．21．When speaking on the phone, the essential factor for successful communication is your_______.A) voice B) gestureC) eye contact D) facial expression22．To give important information，a person speaking on the phone should_______.A) keep a pleasant manner B) use familiar wordsC) lower the voice D) speak louder23．The speaker is advised to speak slowly in order to help the listener to_______. A) remember some words B) repeat the informationC) check the message D) take some notes24．To avoid mispronouncing unfamiliar words，you are advised to _______.A) check them in a dictionary B) pronounce them loudlyC) use other words instead D) ask others for help25. Speakers sometimes need to spell some words to help listeners tounderstand_______.A) long sentences B) unusual wordsC) difficult questions D) important expressionsTask 2Directions: This task is the same as task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 26to 30.The first aid(急救)you learn from a course is not quite like reality．Most of us feel afraid when dealing with “the real thing”. By overcoming these feelings, we are better able to use the first aid to cope with the unexpected．Doing your partFirst aid is not an exact science，and is thus open to human error．No matter how hard you try，the casualty(伤者)may not respond as hoped．Some conditions might lead to death，even with the best medical care．Giving care with confidenceThe casualty needs to feel protected and in safe hands．You can create an air of confidence and safety by：·being in control，both of yourself and the problem；·acting calmly and reasonably；·being gentle，but firm，with your hands，and speaking to the casualty kindly，but hopefully．Building up trustTalk to the casualty throughout your examination and treatment(治疗)．·Explain what you are going to do．·Try to answer questions honestly to reduce fears as best as you can．If you do not know the answer，say so．26．When we deal with the real cases of first aid，we often feel _________.A) safe B) afraid C) excited D) confident 27．“First aid is…open to human error”in the second paragraph means_________.A) there are never failures in first aidB) medical care in first aid is essentialC) human mistakes are possible in first aidD) first aid is widely applied to accidents28．An air of confidence and safety is important in giving first aid because the casualty needs to feel to be_________.A) in control B) comfortableC) in safe hands D) gentle but firm29．Which of the following can be a way to build up the casualty’s trust?A) To answer their questions honestly．B) To use as much medicine as possible．C) To avoid saying no to their questions．D) To provide them with the best treatment．30．The best title for the passage could b_________.A) Importance of Giving First Aid B) Advice on Giving First AidC) Future of First Aid D) Types of First AidTask3Directions: The following is an instruction of writing a trip report. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 31through 35 in not more than 3 words in the table belowCar Rental(租赁)Faster Reservations(预定)and Rental FeesSimply provide your Hertz Club number to speed up the reservation process．And at over 50 locations in the U．S．and Canada go to Hertz Club Express counters for faster service．Reduced Rates and Special OffersMembers may receive a special rate on rentals in the U．S．，Canada and Europe，and receive a special rate on child seat rentals．Reserve Specific Brand(品牌)and ModelAt 24 major U．S．airport locations．you can choose the brand and model for your weekly and weekend rentals．Only Hertz Club lets you reserve a specific brandand model．1ike the Ford Mustang．So the car you want is the one you get．Just book your reservation on , or by calling 1—800-654—3131．Task4Directions:The following is a list of terms used in railroad services. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to ( 与……等同) those givenin Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the correspondingletters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 36 through 40.A ---- courses takenB ---- current addressC ---- date of birthD ---- educational backgroundE ---- email addressF ---- health conditionsG ---- hobbies and interestsH ---- ID card No.I ---- in-job trainingJ ----- job objectiveK ---- permanent addressL ----- marital statusM ---- part-time jobsN ---- position applied forO ---- rewardsP ---- scholarshipsQ ---- work experienceExamples: (L) 婚姻状况(H) 身份照号码Task5Directions: The following is the Trouble-shooting Guide to a microwave oven. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements that follow thequestions (No. 41 through No. 45). You should write your answers in notmore than 3 words on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Requirements for All Employees1.Within ten minutes of arrival, be in uniform and at your workstation. Breaks shouldnot be longer than the time allowed, and restroom and smoke breaks need to be part of the break periods, not in addition to them.2.Work dress should be clean and professional (职业的) each working day.3.All employees are responsible for cleaning any workstation.4.Work tasks are given daily, and may be changed during service as needed.Employees are expected to be flexible when receiving the tasks given.5.When tasks are completed, the employees are expected to clean the areas aroundtheir workstations. Wiping all tables and counters off, cleaning the floor and under the tables, as well as wiping off the cooler door are also things that should be donewhen time allows.41. What should the employees do within 10 minutes after they arrive?Be in ________________________________and at their workplaces.42. What are the rules about the restroom and smoke breaks?They are regarded as part of ____________________________________.43. What is the requirement about the employees’ work dress?Their work dress should be _____________________________.44. What are employees expected to do when they receive work tasks?They are expected to be __________________________.45. What should the employees do when they complete their tasks?They are required to __________________________________________ around their workstations.PartⅢTranslation---English to ChineseDirections: This part, numbered 61 to 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (No. 46 to No.50) is followed byfour choices of suggested translation marked A, B, C and D. Mark the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Shee t. Write yourtranslation of the paragraph (No. 65) in the corresponding space on theTranslation /Composition Sheet.46．I believe my education background and experience in team work fit in nicely with the job requirements．A) 我认为这个团队应该招聘像我这样受过教育并有经验的人。
南开18年3月考试大学英语一考核要求标准答案
南开大学现代远程教育学院考试卷大学英语（一）姓名： 学号：题号 Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Part Ⅲ Part Ⅳ 总分 分数Part Ⅰ答题纸：请将1－20题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(每题1分，共20分)Part Ⅱ答题纸：请将21－45题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(每题2分，共50分)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B B C A D D C B A C 1112 1314151617181920Generallywasdesignedunderstandmovementgivennaturalsimpl eworkin gimpressionperformed21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 A D D A B B C C D B 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 HertzCanadchildUScallingM QJ DF IA GN B41 uniform 42 the break periods 43 clean and professional44 flexible 45 clean the areasPart Ⅲ答题纸：请将46－50题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
(46-49每题2分，50题7分，共15分)46 B47 CClub numbe ra and Europeseatairport locatio ns1-800-654-3131/ teleph one/ phone / makin g a call48C 49C50你提出将工具摆放到商店的前面，这个建议很好。
大家都认为，这样的话就更容易取到工具了。
像你这样的顾客对我们非常重要。
我们成功的一个原因就是：像您这样的客户愿意花时间与我们分享好点子。
我们感激您提出的建议和一直以来对我们业务的不断支PartⅣ答题纸：请将答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
2018年研究生入学考试试题1---南开大学
南开大学2018年研究生入学考试试题有机化学一，命名下列化合物或写出其结构（5分）1.C H 3C H C H C H 2C C H 2C H 3O HC H 3O 2. （1R ,2R ）－2－甲基环己醇 3.O HC O 2HO C H 34. β－D －吡喃葡萄糖稳定构象5.NO 2NC H 3二，完成下列反应（26分）1.OO C H 3O HO H H O4? 2.O H?3.H O C H 2C H 2C H 2C H O +H O C H 3干H C l?4.N C H 3H 3CC H 3O H ?5.ONH +H?6.C O O HC N2?7.OO4?OC6H 5C O3H?8.9.?10.C H 3O C H 2C H =C H C H 3C H 3200℃?11.(C H 3)3C B r+N a C N?C 6H 5C H 3B r C 6H 5H HN a O H 25?12.13.OC H 2C C H 3C H 3N a O C H 33?14.C N HOH N O 324?15.N H 2Br+C H 3C H =C H C H O?C H 3C H 2C H O.Z n B r?16.NO H 3?17.18.C H 2O HC H 2O HOH OO HO H (过量)?19.CO C l.22.22(过量)?20.O+H O C H 2C H 2C H 2C H 2B rH?21.OOC 6H 5+C H 3N H 2?22.C H 3O H B r C H 3H H+H B r?23.C H 31.B 2H 62.22?24.C H C H 3O H N H 22?25.+OOO?26.3CC H 3C 6H 5O 1.C H M g B r 2HH 2O?三，从下列各题的四个答案中选择一个正确答案（8分）1. 苯酚用稀硝酸硝化可生成邻硝基苯酚和对硝基苯酚，分离这两个产物的方法为（ ）A. 萃取分离B. 分馏C. 水蒸气蒸馏D. 过滤2. 用于干燥呋喃甲醇的干燥即应为（ ）A. C a C l 2B. N aC. K O HD. K 2C O 33. 下列化合物中有手性的是（ ）A.C H 3HC 6H 5C lC H 3HC H 3HB.HH HH C.D.C lC l4. 完成下列转化应选择步骤（ ）N O 2N H 2H 2NA. 先用N a O H /A s 2O 3还原，然后加硫酸；B. 用N a 2S 还原；C. 先用Z n /N a O H 还原，然后加硫酸；D. 先用Z n /N H 4C l 还原，然后加硫酸。
2018考研真题及答案汇总
2018考研真题及答案汇总出国留学网考研网为大家提供2018考研真题及答案汇总，2018考研真题及答案汇总12018年考研政治真题及答案22018考研数学真题及答案汇总32018年考研英语真题及答案汇总42018年考研专业课真题及答案52018各校艺术考研真题汇总出国留学网考研频道整理2018考研真题及答案解析汇总：2018年考研真题及答案解析汇总12018年考研政治真题及答案解析汇总22018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总32018年考研英语真题及答案解析汇总42018考研数学一真题及答案解析汇总52018考研数学二真题及答案解析汇总62018考研数学三真题及答案解析汇总72018年考研数农真题及答案解析汇总82018年考研数学真题及答案解析汇总92018年考研专业课真题及答案解析汇总102018考研法硕法学真题及答案解析汇总112018考研法硕非法学真题及答案解析汇总122018考研中医综合真题及答案解析汇总132018考研西医综合真题及答案解析汇总142018考研历史学真题及答案解析汇总152018考研教育学真题及答案解析汇总162018考研心理学真题及答案解析汇总172018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总出国留学网考研频道整理2018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总：2018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总12018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析：初数1-5题22018年考研管理类联考数学答案32018年管理类联考论说文真题解析42018考研管综写作真题52018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题1-4题62018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题8-10题72018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题11-13题82018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题15题出国留学网考研频道整理小编精心为您推荐：2018年34所自划线高校分数线汇总2018全国考研复试信息汇总2018考研分数线信息汇总2018考研成绩查询信息汇总2018考研国家线信息汇总2018全国考研调剂信息汇总考研英语真题考研数学真题政治真题专业课真题英语一真题英语二真题数学一真题数学二真题数学三真题数农真题考研英语答案考研数学答案政治答案专业课答案英语一答案英语二答案数学一答案数学二答案数学三答案数农答案。
南开18年9月考试《大学英语(二)》考核要求-答案.docx
完整的答案在最后一页答题卡上。
南开大学现代远程教育学院考试卷大学英语（二）姓名:______________ 学号：____________________________题号Part 1 Part II Partill Part IV 总分分数Part I Vocabulary & StructureDirections: This part is to test your ability to con struct grammatically correct sente nces ・ Itconsists of 2 sections.Section ADirection: In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each oneby deciding on the most appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D・ Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.Charlie is the kind of person who always seems to be ______ a hurry.A.onB. withC. inD. for正确答案：C2.You ____ your task at home yesterday evening・A.had to finish B・ would finishC. should have finishedD. might have finished正确答案：D3.Kevin doesn^t know whether it will rain or not, but if it _____ ，he will stay at home・A.willB. rainC. isD. does正确答案：D4.My brother demanded that he _____ accompany me to the docto匚A.shouldB. wouldC. couldD. might正确答案：A5・ Cathy is talking about the friends and the food ____ interest her.A.whichB. whoC. thatD. as正确答案：c6・ ____ that she wouldn't be able to buy food on her journey, she took large supplies with her.A.KnowB. To knowC. KnowingD. Known止确答案：B8.1 don't believe that your brother can speak two foreign languages,A. do IB. can't heC. don't ID. can he 正确答案：D9・ How could I have finished the task if it A. hasn't been B. shouldn't be正确答案：C10.1 have some trouble ______ the bad handwriting.A. readingB. for readingC. to read 正确答案：ASection BDirection: There are also 10 incomplete statements here ・ You should fill in each blank with theproper form of the words given in the brackets ・ Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.11. The right side of the brain controls our -imagination ______ (imagine), our understanding ofspace and color 12. The teacher can't find any improvement _____ (improve) in his writing ・13. If your neighbors are too noisy, then you have a good reason to make your complaint (complain)・14. It is the feathers that enable _____ (able) a bird to fly.15・ personal (person), she doesn^t agree with Ellen though they are good friends. 16. Prof. Green can forgive a mistake but she can" forgive dishonesty (honest). 17. It is no use doing (do) so.18. Knife and fork is (be) usually used when we have western food. 19. You completed (complete) the task 2 hours before ・20. Generally speaking (speak), it is not easy to be a successful enginee 匚Reading Comprehension (40minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fullfill ・ Youshould read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed ・TasklDirections: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements,numbered 21 to 25. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should make the conect choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.7. How long does it take to get there.bus? C. onD. of___ for your help?C. hadn't been ID. wasn't D.readPart IIObviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. With a TV set in the family people don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera .All they have to so is to push a button or turn a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. Some people, however, think that this is where the danger lies. The television viewers need do nothing. He does not even have to use his legs if the has a remote control. He makes no choice and exercises, no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort in his part.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about cuixent events and the latest developments in science and politics・ The most distant countries and the strangest customs are brought right into one's sitting room. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical charm for us. We get so used to looking at the movements on it ,so dependent on its pictures, that it begins to control our lives. People are often heard to say that their television sets have broken down and that they have suddenly found that they have far more time to do things and the they have actually begin to talk to each other again. It makes one think, doesn't it?There are many other arguments for and against television. We must realize that television itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses that it is put to that determine its value to society.21.What is the major function of paragraph 1?A.To arouse the reader's concernB.To introduce the theme of the whole passageC・ To summarize the whole passageD. To sate the primary uses of TV 正确答案：B22.Television, as a source of entertainment, is _____ ・A. not very convenientB. very expensiveC・ quite dangerous D. relatively cheap正确答案：D23.Why are some people against TV?A.Because TV programs re not interestingB.Because TV viewers are totally passiveC.Because TV prices are very high・D・ Because TV has both advantages and disadvantages 正确答案：B24.One of the most obvious advantages of TV is that _____ .A.it keeps us informedB.iI is very cheapC.it enables us to have a restD・ it controls our lives.正确答案：A25• According to the passage, whether TV is good or not depends on _________•A. its qualityB. people 5s attitude towards itC・ how we use it D. when we use it正确答案：cTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 26 to 30.Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms （微生物）cause most types of food poisoning・ Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods・ After entering the body, these tiny living things release （释放）poisons that make people sick・Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared・ For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people・ These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing・Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous・Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied ・26.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.B.Food poisoning means death・C.Food poisoning comes in varieties・D・ Food poisoning can be serious.正确答案：B27.We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoningA.are always accompanied by a feverB.are too common to be notedC.can be noticed within hoursD.can he ignored正确答案：c28.Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT _A.some chemicalsBlow temperaturesC.some tiny living thingsD.certain natural materials正确答案：B29.From Paragraph 5,we can learn that _______ .A.mushrooms should not be eatenB.vegetables are safer than meat and seafoodC.natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals□.different types of food should be handled differently正确答案：D30.It can be inferred from the passage that _______ .A.natural materials are safe in food processingB.chemicals are needed in food processingC.food poisoning can be kept under controlD.food poisoning is out of control正确答案：cTask 3Directions: The following is a letter . After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No. 31 to No. 35). You should write your answers beriefly (in not more than 3 words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Dear Sir/Madam,Fm Li Hua. I took the flight BA793 on June 3, 2010. But when I came to my home, I found I lost a suicase. I am writing to you to request you to help me find it back・My suitcase is a small blue one with a zip. There is a lable on the handle with my name and address on it. It si really important for me, because I had put all my important documents in it, including my ID card, passport and so on. Besides, it si what my father sent to me on my birthday.Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to receiving your earliest reply.Yours truly,Li Hua.Luggage claimInformation of the suitcase: 1) color: _31 __2)There is 32 on the handle with both 33 ofLi HuaImportant things in: Including important documents, _34_passport Special meaning: It is_35— from Father.答案：31blue32a lable33name and address34ID card35birthday presentTask 4Directions. The following is a list of terms related to International Business・ After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与...... 等冋 those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 36 through 40.A—unfair competitionB—dumpingC—antidumpingD—customs bondE—mediation of disputeF—restraint of tradeG—favorable balance of tradeH—unfavorable balance of tradeI—special preferencesJ—tariff barrierK—trade partnerL—dealerM—wholesalerN—retailer, tradesmanO consumerP—manufacturerQ- chain debtsExamples: (D)海关担保（F）贸易管制36. （B ）反倾销（M ）批发商37. （A）不合理竞争（L ）经销商38. （I ）优惠关税（G）贸易顺差39. （P ）制造商（K ）贸易伙伴40. （J）关税壁垒（E）商业纠纷调解Task 5Directions: The following is ci poster. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the five questions ( No.41 to No. 45) that follow. The answers (in not more than 3 words) should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Propeller IslandPropeller Island City Lodge is a very special hotel that was designed by a German. Each room provides you with the promibility of living in a work of art. Every single piece of furmiture in the thirty rooms of the hotel has been hand-made and each room is completely different. Yoif 11 be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.Prices: starting at just $91 a night, and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars・For more information，visit the website:41.What,s Propeller Island?It is a ______________ designed by a German.答案：very special hotel42.How many rooms does the hotel have?答案：Ihirly rooms43.How can the customers choose the room?TheyTl be able to choose a room based on __________答案:your personal tastes44.What's the total price if one take an sdditional person?答案：$11145.What you can do in order to get more information about Propeller Island?To ______________ .答案:visit the websitePartlH Translation——English to Chinese （25minutes）Directions: This part, numbered 46 through 49, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 46 to 49, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 50, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet.46.Some people choose to buy a two-year-old car for only 50% or so of the price for a new vehicle and still, have several years of trouble-free driving.A）如今很多人选择买一辆旧车使用2年，然后再加50%左右换辆新车，就可以无忧无虑地开上好多年。
2018年全国高校西班牙语专业四级水平测试笔试测试框架
2018年全国高校西班牙语专业四级水平测试笔试测试框架2018年全国高校西班牙语专业四级水平测试笔试测试总分为70分。
下面对每部分的题型和分值做具体说明。
一、介词、冠词或二者缩合形式选择填空客观题。
阅读2篇文章，共计400词左右，在答题卡上标出正确的选项。
每题0.5分，共20题，共计10分。
二、动词变位填空主观题。
阅读2篇文章，共计500词左右，在答题卡上写出正确的动词变位形式。
每题0.5分，共20题，共计10分。
三、词汇完形填空客观题。
阅读一篇300词左右的文章，在答题卡上标出正确的选项。
每题0.5分，共20题，共计10分。
四、阅读理解客观题。
阅读2篇文章，共计750-800词，在答题卡上标出正确的选项。
每篇15小题：前10道小题考查所指，每小题0.5分，共计5分；后5道小题分别考查释义、细节和主旨，每小题1分，共计5分。
两篇共计20分。
五、西译汉主观题。
将第四部分阅读理解文章中90词左右的文本译成汉语，在答题卡上写出正确的译文。
要求信息完整，译文流畅，符合汉语表达习惯。
分值为10分。
六、汉译西主观题。
将100字左右的短文译成西语，在答题卡上写出正确的译文。
要求信息完整，译文流畅，符合西语表达习惯。
分值为10分。
七、分项说明测试项目测试内容分值选择填空介词、冠词或二者缩合形式10 填空时态辨别、运用，动词变位10 词汇完形填空词汇辨析及搭配10阅读理解所指20 释义细节主旨西译汉复合句、连接词、时态等10汉译西复合句、连接词、时态等10总分70全国西班牙语专业水平测试命题组2018年4月。