英语时态

英语时态一. 一般现在时用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

B) 习惯用语。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。

尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。

常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。

）How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情1、时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.2、基本结构：①系表结构：主语+系动词+表语例如：She is a smart girl ；②行为动词：主语+行为动词+（宾语）3、主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词+s或es4、否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，之后+动词原型。

5、一般疑问句：①系动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

二. 现在进行时(be doing)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing+ (宾语)否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing+ (宾语).一般疑问句：把am/is/are放于句首。

三. 一般过去时用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。

特别是由would / used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。

）时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.1、基本结构：①系表结构主语+系动词was/were +表语②行为动词规则动词-ed 不规则动词主语+行为动词+（宾语）否定形式：①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。

四、现在完成时(have done)用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。

此时经常用延续性动词。

时间状语常用since（自从…）加一个过去的时间点，或for（已经…）加一段时间，或by(直到…)加一个现在时间。

例如 since 1999, for a year ,by this year.注意事项现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。

现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。

时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already etc.基本结构：系表结构主语+have been +表语例如He has been a policeman.名动结构主语+have/has + done+ (宾语)否定形式：have/has + not +done.一般疑问句：have或has 置于句首例如Have you eaten an egg。

五. 过去完成时(had done)概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本结构：系表结构主语+had been +表语名动结构主语+had + done+ (宾语). He had finished a essay before he graduated from high school.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首六、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：①will/shall + do；②am/is/are/going to + do.③、be to do （be 表示的是am/are/is）④be about to（be 表示的是am/are/is）⑤、一般现在时表将来⑥、现在进行时表将来。

分别用法：A) 基本结构是will/shall do(1) ①系表结构：主语+will be +表语②行为动词：主语+will 行为动词+（宾语）例：He will be a teacher after he finish his teaching course.We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B) 有些动词，如：arrive, come, leave, return, sleep, start,go等，用于现在进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。

）C) 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。

）D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do（be 表示的是am/are/is）。

强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.F) 在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，要先观察主句的时态来判断从句时态。

例如：I will cry when he leaves me for ever. （主句为I will cry，从句he leaves me for ever ，when“当…时候”起到引导时间状语从句的作用）We will go out for a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. （主句为We will go out for a picnic, 从句it doesn’t rain tomorrow，if起到引导条件状语从句的作用）七、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首。

例 I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。

）1、I ____ a radio talk on Shakespeare when my uncle came home and started shouting at the top of his voice.A) was hearing B) heardC) was listening to D) listened to2、He ____ novels, whenever his wife goes shopping.A) is reading B) readsC) has read D) has been reading3、I am not sure whether tomorrow he ____ the meeting or not, as he has not been here lately.A) attend B) attendsC) will attend D) attended4、I ____ that she will pass the final examination.A) expect B) have expectedC) had expected D) was expected5、They thought it ____ fun to take the car.A) can be B) would beC) will be D) has been6、She reminded me that Bangkok ____ the capital of Thailand.A) is B)was C)had been D)have been7、“Let's hurry. The president is coming.”“Oh, I am afraid that we ____.”A) already miss him B) had already missed himC) will miss him already D) have already missed him8、She was told the examination ____ on Friday.A) will be given B)would be givenC) to be given D) is given9、They believed that by using computers the production of their factory ____ .A) will already increase B) would greatly increaseC) would be increased greatly D) will have been greatly increased10、You won't know if it fits you before you ____ it on.A) will try B) are tryingC) try D) have tried答案： 1、C 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、B 6、A 7、D 8、B 9、C 10、C。