湖南农大 2013考研真题 基础英语

2013年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：基础英语 611适用专业（领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

I.Paraphrase（20 points, 2 points each）Write your answer on the answer sheet1. Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people.2. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.3. I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it.4. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.5. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.6. The generator was doused and the lights went out.7. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.8. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.9. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders instead of its terrors.10. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumption.II.Vocabulary and Grammar（20 points, 1 point each）Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, whichwas______.A. leakingB. tricklingC. drippingD. floating2. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone ______an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to haveB. must haveC. may haveD. should have3. It was ______we had hoped.A. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as4. There used to be a petrol station near the park,______?A. didn't itB. doesn't thereC. usedn't itD. didn't there5. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ______the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don't countD. having not counted6. I was to have made a speech if .A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away7. I felt that I was not yet to travel abroad.A. too strongB. strong enoughC. so strongD. enough strong8. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to that it was a car.A. ensureB. examineC. verifyD. testify9. The encouraging factor is that the majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.A. numerousB. vastC. mostD. massive10. The increase in student numbers many problems for the universities.A. forcesB. pressesC. providesD. poses11. Please from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.A. refrainB. preventC. resistD. restrain12. Reporters and photographers alike took great at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyanceB. offenceC. resentmentD. irritation13. Topics for composition should be to the experiences and interests of the students.A. concernedB. dependentC. connectingD. relevant14. The novel contains some marvelously revealing of rural life in the 19th century.A. glancesB. glimpsesC. glaresD. gleams15. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. reactionB. commentC. impressionD. comprehension16. When there was a short in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.A. blankB. spaceC. pauseD. wait17. You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion it’s not worth the it involves.A. effortB. strengthC. attemptD. force18. The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident two lorries.A. involvingB. includingC. combiningD. containing19. Very few scientists with completely new answers to the world’s problems.A. come toB. come roundC. come onD. come up20. Hotel rooms must be by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.A. departedB. abandonedC. vacatedD. displacedIII.Fill in each blank with one suitable word （30 points, 2 points each）; write your answer on the answer sheet More than 30,000 drivers _1__ front seat passengers are killed _2__ seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30miles _3__ hour it is the same _4__ falling from the third–floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives: it reduces your chance of death _5_ serious injury by more than a half._6__ drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. _7__ you do not, you could be fined _8__ to 50. It will not be _9__ _10__ the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s responsibility _11__ make sure _12__ children under 14 do not ride _13__ the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you gave a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. ―Make sure these circumstances apply _14__ you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.‖ Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused _15__ wearing it.IV. Reading（40 points, 2 points each）Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions; decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1When the persuading and the planning for the Western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines. The men who took it on comprised the most cosmopolitan work crew in American history. They included Civil War veterans and freed slaves, Irish and German immigrants, Mormons and atheists，Shoshonis, Paiutes ,Washes, and Chinese.At the peak of their labors, the work crews laid two to five miles of track a day. The men filled ravines，ran spidery trestles cross rivers and valleys, and punched holes through mountains. And they did all these jobs largely by their own muscle power.Flatcars carried rails to within half a mile of the railhead; there the iron was loaded onto carts. An eyewitness described the procedure: ―A light car, drawn by a single horse, gallops up to the front with its load of rails. Two men seize the end of a rail and start forward, the rest of the gang taking hold by twos until it is clear o the car. They come forward at a run. At the word of command, the rail is dropped in its place, right side up less than thirty seconds t o a rail for each gang, and so four rails go down to the minute.‖1. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?A. An Eyewitness ReportB. A Difficult TaskC. The Hiring of a Construction CrewD. The Railroad and the Civil War2. According to the passage, in addition to laying railroad track, the work crew did which of the following?A. Climbed over mountain peaksB. Planned railroadsC. Caught horsesD. Made tunnels3. In Line 14, the word ―they ―refe rs to _______.A. menB. visible toC. mountains D .jobs4. Which of the following phrases could be substituted fo r the phrase ―clear of‖ (line 13) without changing the meaning of the sentence?A. put throughB. visible toC. away fromD. open toPassage 2Giving weathermen a view of hurricanes，typhoons, and bigger –scale cloud formations from an observation post some 200 to 1500 miles –high —that’s the job of our first earth satellite that ―sees‖.The two–eyed orbiter, officially called the ―cloud cover satellite,‖ has been nicknamed the Weatherbird by its designers. It was predicted that the Weatherbird, during its batteries’ life of about two weeks, would permit themost accurate weather forecasts ever made, for clouds are the satellite signs of great air movements that make the weather.A pioneering kind of television satellite, the Weatherbird itself serves as a TV camera, taking advantage of its own motions to scan the earth in TV style.A photocell in each telescopic eye peers at a small area of the earth and gauges its brightness. Meanwhi le, the ―moon‖ spins, once a second, sweeping the eye over a curved strip of the earth. The eye scans adjacent strips (with a slight overlap ) as the ―moon‖ orbits, building up a TV picture that is taped, radioed to earth, taped again, and finally transmitted to film for viewing.What results from each orbit is a photograph of the vast belt of cloudspotted earth, roughly 12500 miles long —the world’s sunlit half —and up to some 2500 miles wide at the maximum range of coverage. Successive orbits picture most of the world. Under ideal conditions, Weather bird’s eyes are sharp enough to distinguish a natural feature only six miles square, smaller than the islands of Nantucket, St Helena, or Balpan.5. The job of our first earth satellite that is able to see is to _______.A. give weatherman a world –wide view of weather conditionsB. disperse hurricanesC. make rainD. spy on the Russians6. The satellite is officially named ____.A. the two-eyed orbiterB. television satelliteC. weatherboardD. the cloud cover satellite7. The artificial moon spins at the rate of ______-.A. once per secondB.100 times per secondC. once per hourD.60 times per hour8. The possible help to people given by the Weatherbird is ______.A. to decide whether people live on other planetsB. to know more about astrologyC. to observe flying saucersD. to observe flying saucers Passage 3To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on ―persuasive salesmanship‖ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. Itbegins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on–the –consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction — the firm and the customer — and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!9. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _____.A. the practice of turning goods into moneyB. making goods available for purchaseC. the customer–centred approachD. a form of persuasive salesmanship10. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?A. The needs of the market.B. The efficiency of production.C. The satisfaction of the user.D. The preferences o the dealer.11. According to the passage, ―to move as much of these goods as possible‖ (Line 4, Para.1) means ―______‖.A. to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB. to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC. to dispose of these goods in large quantitiesD. to redesign these goods for large-scale production12. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on ____.A. Its main characteristicB. Its social impactC. Its possible consequenceD. Its theoretical basisPassage 4If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most our brainsare not getting enough exercise—and as result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.―Computer technology enable the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to in tellect and emotion, and determine the human character.‖ The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional facilities.Contraction of front and side parts –as cells die off – was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy –year –olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there was a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age – using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. ―The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain‖, he says, ―Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.‖13. The team of doctors wanted to find out _______.A. why certain people age sooner than othersB. how to make people live longerC. the size of certain people’s brainsD. which people are most intelligent14. On what are their research findings based?A. a survey of farmers in northern JapanB. Tests performed on a thousand old peopleC. The study of brain volumes of different peopleD. The latest development of computer technology15. The doctor’s tests show that ________.A. our brains shrink as we grow olderB. the front section of the brain does not shrinkC. Sixty –year –olds have contracted more than other people’sD. some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s16. The word ―subjects‖ in Paragraph 5, Line 2 means _______.A. something to be consideredB. branches of knowledge studiedC. persons chosen to be studied in an experimentD. any member of a state except the supreme rulerPassage 5Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree.‖ In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty–six courses each lasting for one semester.‖ A typical course consists of three classes per week for weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending to two degrees over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employees. All this imposes a constant pressure and stain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organization arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does not involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.17. Normally a student would at least attend _____ classes each week.A.36B.12C.20D.1518. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed .A. to live in a deferent universityB. to take a particular course in a different universityC. to live at home and drive to classesD. to get two degrees from two different universities19. American university students are usually under pressure of work because .A. their academic performance will affect their future careersB. they are heavily involved in student affairsC. they have to observe university disciplineD. they want to run for positions of authority20. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because .A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB. they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC. such positions help them get better jobsD. such positions are usually well-paidV. Writing (40 points)Write on the answer sheet a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:Mr. Xi Jin-ping put forward the idea to build ―beautiful China‖ in the 18th National Congress of the Party, which has been discussed warmly ever since. You are hoped to give your opinion about it.ON HOW TO BUILD ―BEAUTIFUL CHINA‖You are to write it in four paragraphs.In the first paragraph, introduce the topic and state your suggestion about this topic.In the second paragraph, state advantages of your suggestion.In the third paragraph, state your ways to carry out your suggestion.In the last paragraph, bring a natural conclusion.。