计算机专业英语论文 华北电力大学

课程设计报告( 2011-- 2012年度第2学期)名称：计算机英语院系：信息工程系班级：学号：学生姓名：指导教师：李刚设计周数： 1成绩：日期：2012年05 月20Discuss on the Computer in PhilosophyThere is a saying in the West, The electronic computer is the invention of doing philosophy. China also has a saying: the invention of the computer and the traditional Chinese Yin and Yang said linked. However, whether Western or Chinese, the above argument has no specific textual research and inquiry, just say. Then, Western historians that the computer invention is still" brainpower", Chinese thought field in the electronic computer invention and" ancestor" when the hook is also lack of confidence. In fact , the invention of the computer is traditional philosophy and philosophical thinking way has a profound connection, the problem is to make clear this kind of connection is what level, what the nature and significance of it.A machine or apparatus to carry out the calculation is not a day for two days, from the abacus to calculate the ruler, from hand computer to large mechanical computer, even the Nazi German" unbreakable" cipher machine, can be included in this category. If only the physical characteristics, electronic computer but is electronic rather than mechanical way of machine computation only, and thus the machine or apparatus for calculation of continuity. However, the electronic computer calculated relative to the machine or apparatus with fracture ( qualitative leap, ), it is determined by the open software -- the way it is calculated and the ability not to like the way is given, curing. That is to say, the electronic computer is in accordance with their software has its own particularity; because of the software ( program ) and electronic light speed in a physical platform combination, electronic computer came into being.Only from the software point of view, we can find the relationship between philosophy and computer unlock key, it is to support digital computer calculates the foundation --0and 1 consisting of binary and decimal reduction to. We usually say of digital technology, digital technology, it means that the binary computer operation and reducing methods of the varioustechnology, but because the" computer" can only from the Digital ( digital)" hard" translation and makes a very simple things people feel at a loss.Binary system early in human early, it satisfies human primitive barter, rough behavior, i.e. all exchange are combined into a computing unit to undertake, such as" unit1" ten sheep and as another" unit1" three oxen exchange occurs; and a composite switching behavior are broken into as a unit of account of the simple exchange of, such as ten sheep and three cattle exchange occurs, node a, and a bag of fruit and a clothing exchange occurs, then settle time, etc.. Obviously, this meet human primitive, rough exchange for binary system with a clear " yes" and "no" to " positive" or" negative " meaning, clinch a deal is," is"," sure", or"1", no deal is" not"," Negation", that is"0". But also obviously, this original exchange sense of the binary system is not used for further calculation of activity, with the evolution of human thinking and the development of society, it must be replaced by the decimal system. Marx and Engels had high praise for"0" of the" value" of the establishment to the decimal system established for the human mind evolutionary and social significance.But the human invention computer era, if simple decimal system to travel at the speed of the electronic sports match, it is not necessary, and add trouble, because the computer needs to simply recognize the input program, and have put them to quickly reduced to the decimal system understanding capacity ( as mentioned earlier, the simple binary system is actually does not have the" calculation", must therefore carry decimal system restore work ). This time, only with" yes" or "no" meaning"0" or"1", is a binary system, to the" negation of negation" stage" resurrection". In fact, the electronic computer is using binary form, and in a matrix pattern is accomplished by means of the decimal system calculation content. For example, if 3X 3= 9forms a matrix graph, if one of the 9points is 0( in the disc on the show are black -- completely opaque), it is in the decimal system restore is expressed as0; if one of the 2points are 1,7 points0( on CD it is2light,7opaque spots ), it is in the decimal system restore is expressed as2, and so on. The binary system is not in the decimal system the negative significance, but contain decimal sense to tap, fully embodies the" negation of negation" traits. And we also can see, commonly referred to as the electronic computeris binary, are wrong, at least it is not comprehensive; binary system only the form, is the realization of the decimal system the contents of the form.The binary system understanding to achieve the decimal system the contents of the form, and this form as a kind of matrix graphics, immediately intuitive to see it with the traditional Chinese Yin and Yang said linkage. The Yin and Yang of the eight hexagrams yin-yang interaction is a kind of" yes" and "no" "positive" and" negative" mutual movement, but also, with various matrix graphics to express; from the Yin and Yang of different combinations of the eight diagrams, explain ( or" derived" ) everything in the world electronic computers, and in 0 and1." Virtual world", at least in the" copy" of human life in different poses and with different expressions, between the two really have a" power". Say from this meaning, the people to the invention of the computer and the traditional Chinese Yin and Yang said connection, or more specifically with the Yin and Yang said philosophy mode of thinking, skills linked, not connected.Similarly, in binary format." Yes" and "no" "positive" and" negative" mutual movement, understanding or interpretation of all human life, can also be found in the common tradition of Western philosophy. As everyone knows, the western philosophy basic category is " to be" or" not to be", or " being" and" non existence"," have" and "without" of "existence" and" non existence"" have" and "without" mutual movement, form ( or;, explanation a ) a thousand changeable world, as Kant put the world body interpreted as" thing-in-itself", Hagel explained as" absolute spirit", the explanation for the" number " and so on, it's perspective and thinking Abstract degree difference. From this sense, the same can be said, people regard the invention of the computer and the Western tradition of Fang Zhexue connection, think it is a kind of philosophical thinking product, is established.Of course, some philosophical and scientific invention relationship, mainly influence character by environment," nonlinear"; if we find an invention and" learned" certain provisions "linear" relationship, that is the" Cultural Revolution" vulgar "workers and peasants military philosophy .". In the history, many great scientists philosophers suchas Descartes, itself, Leibniz, Kant, Newton, Einstein and so on. Difficult to say to their scientific achievements is" science 's head " due to, or" philosophy of mind" to create. But to be sure, philosophy and make them different, to help them become philosophy. Today we discuss philosophy and computer invention relations, which should take seriously and emphasize is this point.The things are generally connected. Computer technology and communication technology are combined to form the computer network, computer network and database system of" marriage" to produce a distributed database system, can not only show the links between things generally, more with" universal contact" point of view to analyze and solve problems the feasibility and necessity of.Things are changing, requires us to develop view of things. As of now, according to the computer using the basic components of the evolution, the development of computer can be divided into 4 generations: the first generation (1946~ 1957), the electronic tube computer, running machine language, assembly language program: the second generation (19581964), the transistor computer, emergence of advanced language program; the third generation (1965" --1971), small and medium scale integrated circuit computer operating system, appear, structured and modular program design; the fourth generation (since 1972), large-scale and ultra large scale integrated circuit computer, software, database, knowledge base.With the awareness of the law. From the electronic computer was difficult and lengthy process can be seen, computational tools is along with the development of production and the progress of society from scratch, from simple to complex, from elementary to advanced development, people to meet certain requirements, breakthrough the limitation of the function of human organs, with the help of various practical means of ceaseless practice accumulation results. Awareness of the dynamic role. Consciousness is the material product, awareness of the material has active reaction, in the basis of respecting objective law, give full play to the subjective initiative, transforming the objective world. Computer simulation is" human brain and consciousness ", a computer can simulate the human part function, instead of partof one's mental labor, and even some function than the human brain.Computer produced in the human brain functional simulation, artificial intelligence appears to human consciousness to simulate human intelligence, computer as the materialization and an extension of the human brain, can enhance people's ability, but with the objective, dynamic, adaptive and creative brain compared to before, when the computer on the brain and human consciousness simulation is only the primary stage, it can only be under the control of the program of passive, unconscious, mechanical operation, the computer of simulation are just a start, and constantly improve the computer of simulation degree has broad prospects. For example, now people are studied so that the computer is similar to the human auditory, visual, tactile, this gives people pointed out the computer development direction and goal, but also to clear the computer can only simulate some natural attribute and difficult to simulate human's social attribute, but the development of things have their own laws, on the basis of respecting objective law, computer may not have a real sense of thinking, can't replace the human brain.The computer in the development of quantitative change and qualitative change and transformation. From transistor computers to small scale integrated circuit is composed of computer, computer components from individual components to a plurality of elements are integrated into a single semiconductor chip integrated circuit, making the computer have become smaller, faster, lower power consumption, is the computer technology because of the development of electronic technology" accumulation " and cause a "qualitative leap". Because the integrated circuit continues to expand the scale of" variation", in a smaller chip accommodate more number of components, makes the computing machine volume and prices continued to decline, and the function and reliability is increasing, causing the computer technology leap again, slightly denitration of electronic computer in very large scale integrated circuit computer, so the computer application of gradually permeated all fields in the society. But until now, the manufacture of computer integrated circuit development direction is still in the expanding scale of.华北电力大学科技学院实验报告第页共页。