The inheritance in England in the eraly 19th centu
标准听力(一)—— 标准听力(六)听力原文及答案解析文本文件
标准听力（一）听力原文及答案解析Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A…………………………………………………………………………………………………11. W: I have to think about youroffer. I can‟t say “yes” or“no” at the moment.M: You can take your time. It will do if you let me know yourdecision in a day or two.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【听前预测】选项中的The man thinks，the woman should save his time，The woman need not hurry等表明，本题可能与男士给女士的建议有关。
【解析】选[D]。
女士说她现在还不能马上对男士的提议给予回复，男士让女士不必着急，还说她在一两天内给他答复就行了，由此可知，女士不必立刻做出决定，故答案为[D]。
12. M: Here comes my secretary.She‟s an extremelygood-looking youngwoman, don‟t you think? W: Yes, but I heard that her work 【听前预测】选项中的She is，good-looking，perfect，good at work 等表明，本题与对女士的评价有关。
【解析】选[D]。
男士提到自己的秘书长得很漂亮，女士表示同isn‟t as good as herappearance.Q: What does the woman think of the secretary? 意，但接着用but转折提到她听说她（即男士的秘书）的工作能力没有外表那么好（her work isn‟t as good as her appearance），言外之意就是男士的秘书的工作能力不行，故答案为[D]。
罗经国英国文学选读(上)乔叟
MEDIEVAL LITERATURE (CONTINUED) — CHAUCER (1340?—1400)
1.
Chaucer: some basic facts
2.
Chaucer’s masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales
1) 2)
Overview; Structure;
2019/3/15
12
CANTERBURY TALES:
AN OVERVIEW
One day in April, the poet comes to the Tabard Inn in the southern suburb of London. By nightfall, 29 pilgrims arrive at the inn and they get ready to go to Canterbury. Harry Bailey, the host of the Tabard Inn, proposes that each pilgrim should tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back. The best story-teller is to be given a free supper, at the cost of all the rest. The host offers to go with them as their judge and guide. According to the plan, there should be 120 stories, but actually 24 tales are finished.
英国文学史期末复习笔记
英美文学史期末复习笔记英国美国1.伊丽莎白时期的文学 1.殖民地时期文学2.17世纪和18世纪的文学 2.浪漫主义文学3.浪漫主义时期 3.现实主义文学4.维多利亚时期 4.自然主义文学5.20世纪的小说与诗歌 5.20世纪20年代的诗歌与小说6.二战后的诗歌 6.二战后的诗歌与小说7.二战后的小说7.美国戏剧梳理8.少数族裔文学1.Definition of epicAn epic is a long narrative poem.2.Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。
乔叟the father of English poetry(literature) 英国文学之父the heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)AA BB CC DD EE代表作:The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）文艺复兴时期The Renaissance(1500-1660)1.the definition of RenaissanceRenaissance first rose in Italy in the 14th century and came to a flowering in the 15th and then in the 16th century it spread to other countries, notably France and thence to Germany and England and Spain and the other countries.核心：humanism ：admire human beauty and human achievement.文艺复兴三杰：达芬奇，米开朗琪罗，拉斐尔2.William Shakespeare(1564-1616)He is actor, playwright;totally 37 playsFour great tragedies:Hamlet (哈姆雷特)Othello(奥赛罗)King Lear(李尔王)Macbeth(麦克白)Four great comedies:The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》Twelfth night 《第十二夜》Ben Johson dedicated a poem in praise of him:“…Soul of the age.He was not of an age, but for all time”.3.Sonnet(十四行诗）Sonnet is a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length: iambic(抑扬格的) pentameters（五步格诗）in English. The English sonnet (also called the Shakespearen sonnet after its foremost practitinoner) comprises three quatrains (四行诗)and a final couplet（对句），rhyming ababcdcdefef. An important variant of this is the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser ), which links the three quatrains by rhyme, in the sequence ababbabccdcdee. In either form, the turn comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve the neatness of an epigram.4.metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌）The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The name given to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious (精致的)use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits(幻想), strange paradoxes, and far-reaching imagery, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics. T.S Eliot and others revived their reputation, stressing their quality of wit, in the sense of intellectual strenuousness and flexibility rather than smart humor.Its main features:①the diction is simple②The imagery is drawn from the actual life③The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.5.John Donne(1572-1631)View of poetry: A blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by conceit or "wit".The most striking feature of Donne’s poetry is its tang of reality, in the sense that it seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world.Special features: Conceits;wit;imagery;dramatic and conversational style.代表作：the flea《跳蚤》6.Francis Bacon(1561-1626)He is the precursor of materialism英国唯物主义的始祖（马克思和恩格斯语）；also the founder of modern science；the first British essayist.作品：Essays《随笔》(of studies is the most famous one of them)7.John MiltonDefense for the English People为英国人辩护;blank verse 素体诗作品：Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园18世纪的启蒙主义文学1.the definition of enlightenmentA general term applied to the movement of intellectual liberation that develop in Western Europe from the late 17th Century to the late 18th century.(the period is often called the Age of Reason), especially in France and Switzerland.The enlightenment culminated(使达到顶峰) with the writings of Jeans-Jacques Rousseau and the Encyclopedia（百科全书）, the philosophy of Immanuel(以马内利，基督的别称) Kant, and the political ideas of the American and French Revolutions while the forerunners in science and philosophy included Bacon, Descartes, Newton, and Locke. Its central idea was the need and the capacity of human reason to clearaway ancient superstition, prejudice, dogma and injustice.Literary features:①Classicism: As a critical term, classicism is a body of doctrine thought to be derived from or to reflect the qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture, particularly in literature, philosophy, art, or criticism. Classicism stands for certain definite ideas and attitudes, mainly drawn from the critical utterances of the Greek and Romans or developed through an imitation of ancient art and literature. ②Neoclassicism:it emphasized the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, restrained emotion, accuracy, good taste and decorum.③Sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality.4 Pre-romanticism: In the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-romanticism.Gothic novel is its most manifest expression.2.John Locke(1632-1704)one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers ;considered one of the first of the British empiricists经验主义者, following the tradition of Francis Bacon; best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer《荷马史诗》;He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations,after Shakespeare and Tennyson.3.Daniel Defoe(1661-1731)代表作：The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (英国文学史第一部小说)Moll Flanders《摩尔. 佛兰德斯》Robinson Crusoe celebrates the 18th-century Western civilization’s material triumphs and the strength of human rational will to conquer the natural environment. Robinson, apparently, is cast as a typical 18th-century middle-class tradesman, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.The hero is practical, diligent, shrewd, courageous and intelligent to overcome all kinds of obstacles. In another sense, Robinson is Everyman struggling to master nature.This novel is the representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development.4.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)乔纳森.斯威夫特作品：Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》A Tale of a Tub 《木桶的故事》The Battle of Books 《书战》A Modest Proposal 《一个小小的建议》His writing features : Swift defines a good style as “proper words in proper places”. His language is always precise, simple, clear, vigorous as well as economical and concise.He is also a master satirist.5.Henry Fielding(1707-1754)The father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)代表作：《约瑟夫·安德鲁》Joseph Andrews《汤姆·琼斯》Tom Jones6.Oliver Goldsmith’s(1730-1774)代表作：The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师The Deserted Village 荒村浪漫主义时期English Romanticism(1798-1830)1.the definition of RomanticismIt is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill《改革法案》in the Parliament. English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism.Romanticists show in their works their profound dissatisfaction with the social reality and their deep hatred for any political tyranny, economic exploitation and any form of oppression, feudal or bourgeois. In the realm of literature, they revol t against reason, rules, regulation, objectivity, common senses, etc. and emphasize the value of feelings, intuition, freedom, nature, subjectivism, individuality, originality, imagination, etc.2.two schools of Romanticism①The lake poets湖畔派诗人（escapist romanticists）：William Wordsworth华兹华斯, Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治and Robert Southey骚塞.They three were known as Lake Poets because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England.②The Satanic school撒旦派（active romanticists):Byron, Shelly, and Keats.3.William Blake(1757-1827)十九世纪英国浪漫派诗人、画家、雕刻家作品：Songs of Experience《经验之歌》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》The Chimney Sweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》The Lamb《羊羔》4.Robert Burns（1759-1796）（苏格兰著名农民诗人）作品：“A Red, Red Rose”《红红的玫瑰》5.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)He focused on the nature, children, the poor, common people, in his poem, he aimed at simplicity and purity of the language, so he used ordinary words to express his personal feelings.1843年获得桂冠诗人(Laureate)称号代表作：The Daffodils《水仙花》The Solitary Reaper《孤独的收割者》6.George Gordon Byron（1788-1824）Influence:(to world)Byron has enriched European poetry with an abundance of ideas, images, artistic forms & innovations. He stands with Shakespeare & Scott among the British writers who exert the greatest influence over the mainland of Europe.(to china)His revolutionary zeal and democratic ideals, as shown in his stirring lyricThe Isles of Greece and Childe Harold, strongly impressed the Chinese youth who were then waging struggles to overthrow the old feudal system.代表作Don Juan《唐璜》, 1818-1823When we two parted《当我们分手》She walks in beauty《她走在美的光彩中》Byronic hero：a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers,unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.(fiery passions unbending will, ideal of freedom, against tyranny(专制统治)and injustice, lonely fighters individualistic ends)7.Percy Bysshe Shelley（1792-1822）代表作：Ode To The West Wind《西风颂》Queen Mab 《麦布女王》8.John Keats（1795—1821）代表作：Ode to An Nightingale《夜莺颂》(“美即是真，真即是美”Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.是他的著名诗句。
英美语文[1]lecrure03
![英美语文[1]lecrure03](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/47b59e0f844769eae009ed6f.png)
Renaissance in England
Characteristics of the Elizabethan Age: 1. An age of comparative religious tolerance; 2. An age of comparative social contentment; 3. An age of dreams, of adventures of unbounded enthusiasm; 4. An age of intellectual liberty, of growing intelligence and comfort among all classes and of unbounded patriotism.
Influences of The Renaissance
The Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduced classical literature to England. Education was revitalized and literature became more popular. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. England’ There appeared many English literary giants such as Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson,Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne.
The main artistic styles
Poetry: Edmund Spenser and his works The Faerie Queene(《仙后》): Queene( 仙后》 The blending of religious and historical allegory with chivalric romance: Gloriana for Queen Elizabeth I, 12 knights for the qualities of the chivalric Spenserian stanza: it is a nine-line stanza with ninethe first 8 lines iambic pentameter and the ninth, iambic hexameter rhyming ababbcbcc which is the typical verse in The Faerie Queene. Queene.
我们当时相爱而实在无知：英国诗选(英汉对照)
04
约翰·米尔 顿 （1608— 1674）
06
约翰·萨克 令 （1609— 1642）
05
JOHN SUCKLING （1609– 1642）
ANDREW MARVELL （1621–1678）
安德鲁·玛弗尔 （1621—1678）
JOHN DRYDEN （1631–1700）
约翰·德莱顿 （1631—1700）
2
BLAKE
（1757–1827）
3
威廉·布雷克 （1757—1827）
4 ROBERT
BURNS （1759–1796）
5 罗伯特·布恩
士 （1759— 1796）
ALEXANDER POPE （1688–1744）
Hampton Court
亚力山大·蒲伯 （1688—1744）
海姆普敦宫1 Timon s Villa 泰门的庄园1
但特·盖布里哀 尔·罗瑟提
（1828—1882）
克丽思绨娜·罗瑟 提 （1830—1894）
01
ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURN E （1837– 1909）
02
阿尔及 南·查 理·斯温本 （1837— 1909）
03
THOMAS HARDY （1840– 1928）
04
托麦斯·哈 代 （1840— 1928）
GEORGE GORDON BYRON （1788–1824）
“When we two parted”
乔治·戈顿·拜伦 （1788—1824）
“想当年我们俩分手”1 The Eve of Waterloo 滑铁卢前夜1 The Isles of Greece 哀希腊1 Business in Heaven 天上的公务1
英国文学选读
U1 Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400)生于富商之家，与王室关系密切，年轻时随军出征，在法国被俘《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Duchess）、《百鸟议会》（The Parliament of Fowls）、《声誉之堂》（The House of Fame）、《特洛勒斯和克丽西德》（Troilus and Criseyde）、《坎特伯雷故事》The Canterbury Tales.U2 William Shakespeare(1564-1616）《罗密欧和朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet 1595）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice 1596）、《亨利四世》（上篇）（Henry IV，Part I 1597）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night 1600）、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet 1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello 1604）、《李尔王》（King Lear 1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth 1606）、《冬天的故事》（Winter’s Tale 1610）、《暴风雨》（The Tempest 1612）U3 Francis Bacon（1561-1626）《学术的推进》（Advancement of Learning 1605）《新工具》（New Instrument 1620）《新大西岛》（New Atlantics1626）、《论文集》（Essays1579）《论婚姻与单身》（of Marriage and Single Life）《论读书》(of Studies)U4 17th-Century British Poets John Donne (1572-1631) Songs and Sonnets中的《早安》（The Good-Morrow）、《破晓》（Break of Day）、《挽歌集》中的第16首（“On His Mistress”）、19首（“To His Mistress Going To Bed”），《圣十四行诗》（“Holy Sonnets”）中的第7首（“At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, Below”）和第10首（“Death Be Not Proud”）玄学派诗人的重要代表Metaphysical Poets The Flee跳蚤Holy Sonnet10John Milton（1608-1674）《利西达斯》（Lycidas, 1637）、《论出版自由》（“Areopagitica”,1644)、《失乐园》（Paradise Lost，1667）、《复乐园》（Paradise Regained，1671）、《力士参孙》。
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第4版）配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】（14-28章）【圣才出品】
王守仁《英国文学选读》（第4版）配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】（14-28章）【圣才出品】第14单元约瑟夫·康拉德Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Write down the first novel written by Joseph Conrad_____.【答案】Almayer’s Folly【解析】康拉德的第一部小说是1895年出版的《阿尔迈耶的愚蠢》。
2.Heart of Darkness opens in the setting:_____.【答案】A boat on the Thames River【解析】开篇《黑暗之心》的背景是在泰晤士河上。
3.Kurtz’s last words are_____.【答案】“The horror!The horror!”【解析】《黑暗之心》中库兹说的最后一句话是“The horror!The horror!”Ⅱ.Short answer questions1.Rudyard Kipling,E.M.Forster,and Joseph Conrad all wrote about colonial experiences.How did they differ from each other in portraying colonial existence?Key:Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936)wrote many short stories about Anglo-Indian life and colonial experience.Kipling preached the tough law of jungle existence. Personal honor and prowess,and the absoluteness of power,are what readers get from The Jungle Book and Just So Stories.The same colonial experience in India is rendered quite differently by E.M. Forster.Forster found a new richness in Anglo-Indian existence,the intersection of race,class,and politics.Kipling and Forster’s engagement with the mystery and horror of colonial experience,however,would pale in comparisonwith that of Joseph Conrad.The geographical journey toward inland Africa is paralleled by the symbolic journey toward the murkiest core of human evil and misery.2.What are the features of Joseph Conrad’s works?Key:(1)Writing in what to the visual arts was the age of Impressionism,Conrad showed himself in many of his works a prose poet of the highest order.Conrad stated that,“Art itself may be defined as a single-minded attempt to render the highest kind of justice to the visible universe,by bringing to light the truth, manifold and one,underlyin g its every aspect.(2)Conrad’s writing language English is his third language after Polish and French.This makes his English seem unusual.It was perhaps from Polish and French styles that he adopted a fondness for triple parallelism,especially in his early works,as well as rhetorical abstraction an implacable force brooding over an inscrutable intention.(3)Also,because of his early experience,Conrad often wrote about life on the sea or in exotic parts than about life on British land because,he knew little about everyday domestic relations in Britain.Conrad is highly conscious of tragedy.In keeping with his skepticism andmelancholy,Conrad almost invariably gives lethal fates to the characters in his principal novels and stories.Almayer(Almayer’s Folly,1894),abandoned by his beloved daughter,takes to opium,and dies;Peter Willems(An Outcast of the Islands,1895)is killed by his jealous lover A?ssa;the ineffectual“Nigger”,James Wait(The Nigger of the‘Narcissus’,1897),dies aboard ship and is buried at sea; Mr.Kurtz(Heart of Darkness,1899)expires,uttering the words,“The horror!The horror”;Tuan Jim(Lord Jim,1900),having inadvertently precipitated a massacre of his adoptive community,deliberately walks to his death at the handsof the community’s leader.第15单元20世纪英国诗人(1)Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.At the end of19th century,the influence of the problem plays of the great Norwegian dramatist,Henrik Ibsen,and_____(i.e.a revival of interest in the Irish language and literature in Ireland)combined to bring about a dramatic movement in Ireland.【答案】the Irish Renaissance【解析】20世纪文学的第一个成就是戏剧创作上的突破。
英语国家概况(1)测试题1
英语国家概况（1）测试题12004.4 I. There are 30 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1.Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in theninth century?A. They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.B. They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.C. They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.D. They had to do it in order to resist the English.2.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland3.In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland andNorthern England emigrate to the north of Ireland, becauseA.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland.B.they had too many people and didn't have enough space for them to live in.C.they intended to expand their investment.D.they believed that Ireland was the best place for them.4．In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland Street. They came firstA.to maintain traffic order in Northern Ireland.B.to protect the Catholic people.C.to protect the Protestant people.D.to replace the Royal Ulster Constabulary since they were unable to keep social order.5. Which of the following about the Queen is NOT true?A.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B.The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state..C.The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D.The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.6. Which of the fol l owing about the House of Lords is NOT true?A.Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B.It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.D.Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.7. Which period of time in British history was described as "private affluence and public squalor"?A. the 1940sB. the 1970sC. the 1980sD. the 1990s8. Which of the following about the "poll tax" is NOT true?A.It was introduced by the Conservative government.B.It was introduced by the Labour government.C.It was an attempt to change local government taxes.D.It was criticized by many citizens.9. Who is the leader of the Labour party at present?A. John MajorB. Tony BlairC. Harold WilsonD. Margaret Thatcher10. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937?A. He invented the first jet plane.B. He developed the first jet engine.C. He made the first powered flight.D. He made the trans-Atlantic flight.11. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?A. the U.S. and GermanyB. the U.S. and RussiaC. Germany and RussiaD. France and Russia12. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War?A. Imperial AirwaysB. British AirwaysC. Hawker-Siddeley AviationD. the British Aircraft Corporation13. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare ?A. Dr. FaustusB. HamletC. Frankenstein tD. Sense and Sensibility14. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A. D.H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Robert L. StevensonD. Walter Scott15. Several gifted women played a part in 19th-century literature. Which of the following is an exception ?A. Virginia WoolfB. Emily BronteC. Jane AustenD. Charlotte Bronte16. Which of the following was the first team sport to have organized rules?A. footballB. cricketC. horse racingD. tennis17. Which of the following is NOT true about cricket in Britain?A. It is now still a snobbish game played by aristocratic people.B. Its rules are rather obscure.C. The matches last for a few days.D. The players appear to be quite formally dressed.18.Which of the following members from the royal family enjoys equestrianism?A. Mary Queen of ScotlandB. the QueenC. "Fergie"D. Princess Anne19. Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition?A.enjoying the PantomimeB.the Queen broadcasting her Christmas messageC.receiving gifts from Santa ClausD.shopping on the Boxing Day20. Which of the following has nothing to do with Easter?A. rabbitsB. haggisC. chicksD. eggs21.Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University ?A. It's open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded,D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect.23. In the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go toA. grammar schools.B. comprehensive schools.C. public schools.D. technical schools.24. Which of the following about the "semis" is true?A.They usually have gardens at all side.B.They normally stand together in pairs.C.They are usually located in fashionable areas in the city.D.They are considered as the most desirable home by British people.25. Which of t he following about class system in the UK is NOT true?A.People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B.Class-division is only decided by people's income.C.Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life-chances.D.The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.26. The author holds that Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order becauseA. it used to be a great imperial power.B. it had a strong military power and prestige.C. it defeated Hitler's army.D. it got support from its former colonies.27.Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council?A.France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.B.the United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C.China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D.China, Britain, France, United States and Japan.28. In its imperial prime, Britain ruledA. a fourth of the globe.B. a fifth of the world.C. a third of the world.D. two-thirds of the earth.29. Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally ?A.The tabloids.B.The News of the WorldC.The Financial Times.D.The Observer.30. Which of the following is a quality paper ?A.The News of the World.B.The Guardian.C.The Tabloids.D.All of the above.II. There are altogether 20 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your answer at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET. (40%)1. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was (1) of 1916, in which the r ebels occupied Dublin’s (2) and forced the British to take it back by (3) .2. The UK is divided into (4) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in (5) .3. The FA stands for (6) .4. Overseas Chinese community in Britain often celebrates Chinese New Year with (7) , fireworks, parades and family celebrations.5. Two famous public schools in England are (8) and (9) .6. In Britain , people can go to (10) without having any formal educational qualifications.7. In Britain, banks finance people to buy their own home through loans or (11) paid back overa period of 25 years.8. When the Second World War was over, Britain was active in (12) the United Nations and became one of (13) permanent members of (14) .9. Austra lia, as the world’s (15) continent and (16) island, has a population which is (17) in relation to its size.10. The smallest state is (18) , an (19) in the southeast corner of Australia. It is also the (20) island in Australia.III. Explain each of the following 6 out of 10 in no more than five sentences. Write your an-swer at the appropriate place on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)1. London2. the Anglo-Saxons3. the Bill of Rights of 16894.the Romantic Movement5.Boxing Dayprehensive schools7.NATO8.Australia’s postwar immigration program9.New South Wales10.the three-tier system of the Australian government。
英美文学史(英国)知识点汇总
英美文学期末复习Chapter 1 The Old and Medieval Period 中古时期An Introduction ：❖最早的英国居民：Celts❖In 43AD , Roman conquered Britain, making the latter a province of Roman Empire.公元43年，罗马征服英国，将其变成罗马帝国的一个省份。
❖In 449 Jutes came to Britain to settle there. Following the Jutes came Angles and Saxons. 449年，朱特人定居英国，紧跟着是安格鲁和撒克逊人。
❖Germanic means the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes.日耳曼族包括了安格鲁、萨克逊和朱特人。
❖Anglo-Saxon poetry is bold and strong, mournful and elegiac in spirit.安格鲁撒克逊诗歌大胆而有力，悲伤且忧郁。
❖These tribes from Northern Europe together created the united kingdom--Anglo-Saxon England ("Angle-land").这些来自北欧的部落创建了联合王国--安格鲁撒克逊英格兰(in 449)❖Their dialects naturally grew into a single language called Angle-ish or English, the ancestor of the present-day English.他们的方言自然而然地成为了一种单一的语言--盎格鲁语或者英语。
❖The old English were divided into two groups: ①religious group ②secular group古英语诗歌被分成两类：①宗教②世俗❖The religious group is mainly on biblical theme.宗教诗歌通常以圣经为主题。
英国文学史及选读Chapter1
英国文学史及选读Chapter1英国文学史及选读Chapter1发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:32 共270人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Anglo-Saxon PeriodI. Fill in the blanks.1.After the fall of the Roman Empire and athe withdrawl of Roman troops from Albion，the aboriginal __ population of the larger part of the island was soon conquerered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of ____，_____ ，and _____ who came from the continent and settled in the island，naming its central part a，or England.2.For nearly ______ years prior to the coming of the English，British had been a Roman province. In _____，the Rome withdrew their legions from Britain to protect herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders.3.The literature of early period falls naturally into teo divisions，and ____.The former represents the poetry which ____the Anglso-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of _____ ，the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil；the later represents the writings developed under the teaching of ______ .4._____can be justly termed England’s national epic and its hero _____---one of the national heros of the English people.5.The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the ______ approximately at the beginning of the_____century，when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the _____ and maintained close relations with kindred tribes，e.g.with the ______ who lived on the other side of the straits.6.Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention______ who lived in the latter half of the ______ century and who wrote a poetic Paraphase of the Blible.7.____ is the first known religious poets of England. He is known as the father of English song.8.The didac tic poem “The Christ” was produced by ________.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.9.The most important work of _______ is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles，which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose.a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede2. Who is the monster half-huamn who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf？a. Hrothgat.b. Heorot.c. Grendel.d. Beowulf.3. _____ is the first important religious poet in English Literature.a. Cynewulfb.Caedmonc. Shakepeare.d. Adam Bede4. The epic，The Song of Beowulf，represents the spirit of ______.a. monksb. romanticistsc. sentimentalistd. paganIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. （）The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynewulf.2. （）The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3. （）Alfred the Great compiles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.4. （）Venerable Bede wrote The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.5. （）The author of Paraphase is Caedmon.IV. Define the liretary terms listed below.Alliteration Epic.V. Answer the following questions.1.What do you know about the Teutors.2.Please give a brief description of The Song of Boewulf.英国文学史及选读Chapter2发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:31 共93人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Anglo-Norman PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.In the year___，at the battle of ___，the ____ headed by William，Duke of Normandy，defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2.The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright，____ tales of _______ and _______，in marked contrast with the ___ and ______ of Anglo-Saxon poetry.3.English literature is also a combination of ____and _____ elements.4.In the 14th century，the two most important writers are ___ and Chaucer.5.In the 15th century，there is only one important prose writer whose name is _____. He wrote an important work called Morte d’ Arthur.II. Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Canto2.legend3.Arthurian Legend.III. Read the excerpt of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight carefully，and then make a brief comment on it.IV. Answer the following questions.1.What is the consequence of the Norman Conquest？2.Make a brief survey of the middle English literature.英国文学史及选读Chapter3发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:31 共68人浏览[大] [中] [小]Geoffrey ChaucerI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Chaucer’s masterpiece is _____，one of the most famous works in all literature.2.Chaucer created in The Canterbury Tales a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of _______.3.There are various kinds of ballads _______，______，______，_____，and ______.4.Bishop ____ was among the first to take a literary interest in ballads.5.The name of the “jolly innkeeper” in The CanterburyTales is ______，who proposes that each pilgrim of the ____ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.6.In contradistinction to the ______ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry，Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English _____ verse.II. Choose the best answer.1.Who is the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England？a. Christopher Marlowb. Geoffrey Chaucerc. W. Shakespeared. Alfred the Great2. Chaucer’s earlist work of any length is his “______” a transl ation of the French “Roman de la Rose” by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung，which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throught Europe.a. Troilus and Criseydeb. A Red，Red Rosec. Romance of the Rosed. Piers the Plowman3. In his literary development，Chaucer was influenced by three literatures，which one is not true？a. French literature.b. Italian literaturec. English literatured. American literatureIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. （）The 32 pilgrims，according to Chaucer’s plan，was to exceed that of Baccoccio’s Decameron.2. （）The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portray，the first of its kind in the history of English literature.3. （）The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century in England.4. （）Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance.IV. Define the leterary terms listed below.1.Romance.2.Fable.3.BalladV. Anwer the following question.1.What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales ？英国文学史及选读Chapter4发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:30 共66人浏览[大] [中] [小]The RenaissanceI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to the textbook.1.Shakespeare’s first priginal play written in about 1590 was _________.2.Hamlet，Othello，King Lear，and _______ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.3.The Tragical History of Doct or Faustus is one of _______’s best known sonnets.4.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ______.5.Bacon’s works may be divided into three classes，the ______，the _______，the _______ works.6.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the_________.7.Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _______.II. Find out the author and his works.⑴The author and their works1. （）Thomas More a. Gorge Green2. （）Enmund Spenser b. Eupheus3. （）John Lyly c.The Fairy Queen4. （）Marlowe d. Utopia5. （）Robert Greene e. The Jew of Malta⑵The characters in the play1. （）Desdemona a. The Merchant of Venice2. （）Cordelia b. As you like it3. （）Juliet c.Hamlet4. （）Ophelia d. King Lear5. （）Portia e. Othello6. （）Rosalind f. Romeo and JulietIII. Define the leterary terms listed below.1.Renaissance2.sonnet3.Spenserian Stanza4.Humanism5.dramatic irony6.tragedy7.allusionIV. Answer the following questions.1.Give a summary about the English literature during the Renaissance period.2.What is the main idea of Hamlet？3.Give a brief introduction to Thomas More’s Utopia.4.Wh en were Shakespeare’s main tragedies written？what did he write about in his tragedies？英国文学史及选读Chapter5发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:29 共40人浏览[大] [中] [小]Chapter Five The Period of Revolution and RestorationI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to th etextbook.1.The 17th century was a period when ______ impeded the further development of capitalism in England and the ______ could no longer bear the sway of _______.2.England became a commomwealth under the leadership of _______.3.The Glorious Revolution in _____ meant three things the supremacy of ________，the beginning of _______，and the final truiumph of the principle of _______.4.Restoration created a literature of its own，that was often ______ and _______，but on the whole _______ and _______.5.The first thing to strik e the reader is Donne’s extraordinary _____ and penetrating_______. The next is the ______ which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reation from the extreme _______ of woman encouraged by the Petrachan tradition.6.Parad ise Lost presents the author’s view in an ______，_______ form. It is based on the _______legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race-______，and _______，and involves God and his eternal adversary _____in its plot.7.Bunyan’s most important wo rk is _________，written in the old-fashioned，medieval form of ________ and _________.8.Christia has two objects，---to get rid of his ______，which holds the sins and fears of his life，and to make his way.II. Find out the work from column A and its content from column B.1. （）II Penseroso a. defense of the Revolution2. （）Lycidas b. Satan against God3. （）Comas c. about dear friend4. （）Areopagitica d. happiness5. （）Eikonolastes e. meditation6. （）Defense for the English People f. masque7. （）Paradise Lost g. attack on the censorship8. （）L’Allegro h. justifying the excutionIII.Define the leterature terms listed below.1 .Blank Verse2. Three Unities3. Conceit4. Stanza5. Elegy6 .Allegory7. GenreLiterary CriticismIV. Answer the following questions.1.What are the different aspects between the literature of Elizabeth period and that of the Revolution period？2.Give a brief analysis of Satan，the central figure in ParadiseLost.3.Why do people say Samson is Milton？4.In your opinion，why is “The Pilgrim’s P rogress” successful？英国文学史及选读Chapter6发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:29 共34人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Age of Enlightenment EnglandI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to th etextbook.1.The Revolution of 1688，which banished the last of the _____ kings，marks the end of the long struggle for political freedom in England.2.Another feature of the age was the rapid development of _________.3.It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three main divisions：the reign of so-called _____，the revival of _______ poetry，and the beginnings of the _______.4.The philosophy of the nlighteners，though ________ ________ and _________ in its essence，did not exclude senses，or sentiments，as a means of perception and learning.5.The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was ________.6.The Tarler and _______ _________ were Steele and Addison’s chief contribution to English literature.7.Robinson Crusoe is largely an ______ ________ ________ story，rather than the study of ______ _______ which Defoe probably intended it to be.8.Gulliver’s adventures begins with ______________，who are so small that Gulliver isa giant among them.9.The poem，which Addison named ______ _______，was hailed throughout England as a great work.10.In the essays of the 16th century，French writer ____ set the model for more familiar，personal and discursive discussion.11.Fielding’s laternovels are _______________，was inspired by the success of Ri chardson’s novel Pamela.12.As________，Goldsmith is among the best of the century.13. The greatest of _______ poets is Robert Burns.II. Match the theirs works in column A writers/genres with in column B.⑴1. （）The Deserted Village a. Thomas Gary2. （）The Village b. George Crabble3. （）Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard c. Oliver Goldsmith4. （）The Seasons d. James Thomson5. （）The Rape of the Lock e. William Blake6. （）The Chimney Sweeper f. Alexander Pope7. （） A Red，Red Rose g. Robert Burns⑵1. （）A Sentimental Journey a. Daniel Defoe2. （）The Vicar of Wakefield b. Jonathan Swift3. （）The School for Scandal c.John Bunyan4. （）The History of a Young Lady d. Horace Walpole5. （）Tom Jones e. Laurence Sterne6. （）The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle f. Oliver Goldsmith7. （）Robinson Crusoe g. Richard B. Sheridam8. （）Gulliver’s Tra vels h. Samuel Richardson9. （）The Castle of Otranto i. T. G. Smollet10.（）The Pilgrim’s Progress j. Fielding.⑶1. （）The Vicar of Wakefield a. essay2. （）She Stoops to Conquerb. poem3. （）The Citizen of the world c. novel4. （）The Deserted Village d. comedyIII.Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Enlightenment Movement2.Realistic Novel3.Gothic novel4.Heroic Couplet5.Mock Epic6.Bildungsroman7.Epitaph8.Farce9.Imagism10.RhymeIV. Answer the following questions.1.What is Pope’s position in English literature？2.What are the features of Sterne’s novels？3.What are the narrative festures of Gulliver’s Travel？4.What is Dr. Johnson’s comment on Addison’s prose？5.What is Fielding’s style？6.Why is Burn’s poetry important？英国文学史及选读Chapter7发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:28 共27人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Romantic PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.With the publication of William Wordworth’s _____ in Collaboration with S. T. Coleridge，________ began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.2.The most important and decisive factor in the develoment of literature is _____，English Romanticism was greatly influenced by the _______ and _______.3.The greatest historical novelist _____ was produced in the Romantic Age.4.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems，one is Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage，the other is ________.5.Shelley’s poem _______ （1816），is vaguely autobiographical acount of a youn g poet’s unsuccessful attempt to recapture his envisional ideal.6.Ode to a Nightingale was written by _______.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.The brilliant literary criticiam Biographis literaria is written by Samuel Johnson.III. Write the author of the following literary works.1. Song of Innocence2. The Prelude3. Kubla Khan4. Don Juan5. Prometheus Unbound6. Ode to the West Wind7. Ode on a Greciam Urn8. Pride and Prejudice9. Poor RelationsIV. Match the authors in column A with the works in columnB.1. Dante a. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud2.Byron b. Ode to a Nightingale3. Wordsworth c. Gain4. Keats d. Prometheus Unbound5. Shelley e. Divine ComedyV. Define the following terms.1.Romanticism/doc/a410999246.htmlke poetsVI. Answer the following questions.1.How does Wordsworth define the poet？2.What kinds of stylistic devices are used in Ode to the West Wind？3.Co mment on Austen’s writing festures.英国文学史及选读Chapter7发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:28 共27人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Romantic PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.With the publication of William Wordworth’s _____ in Collaboration with S. T. Coleridge，________ began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.2.The most important and decisive factor in the develomentof literature is _____，English Romanticism was greatly influenced by the _______ and _______.3.The greatest historical novelist _____ was produced in the Romantic Age.4.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems，one is Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage，the other is ________.5.Shelley’s poem _______ （1816），is vaguely autobiographical acount of a young poet’s unsuccessful attempt to recapture his envisional ideal.6.Ode to a Nightingale was written by _______.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.The brilliant literary criticiam Biographis literaria is written by Samuel Johnson.III. Write the author of the following literary works.1. Song of Innocence2. The Prelude3. Kubla Khan4. Don Juan5. Prometheus Unbound6. Ode to the West Wind7. Ode on a Greciam Urn8. Pride and Prejudice9. Poor RelationsIV. Match the authors in column A with the works in columnB.1. Dante a. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud2.Byron b. Ode to a Nightingale3. Wordsworth c. Gain4. Keats d. Prometheus Unbound5. Shelley e. Divine ComedyV. Define the following terms.1.Romanticism/doc/a410999246.htmlke poetsVI. Answer the following questions.1.How does Wordsworth define the poet？2.What kinds of stylistic devices are used in Ode to the West Wind？/doc/a410999246.htmlment on Austen’s writing festures.英国文学史及选读Chapter9发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:26 共37人浏览[大] [中] [小]The 20TH Century LiteratureI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Those “novels of character and enviorement” by T homas Hardy are the most representative of him as both a _______ and a critical realist writer.2.The trilogy “The Forsyte Saga” consists of The Man of Propert y，In Chancery and_________./doc/a410999246.htmlwrence first novel，_________________，was received with respect.4.Virginia Woolf’s novel ________________，published in 1925，made her reputation as an important psychological writer.5._________is the m ost outstanding stream of consciousnessnovelist.II. Define the literary terms.1.Imagism2.ModernismIII. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.1. James Joyce a. Neo-classicism2. Ezra Pound b. An active romantic3. William Wordsworth c. Humanism4. Oscar Wilde d. Transcendantalism5. Walter Scott e. A radical enlightenner6. Alezander Pope f. Imagism7. Johanthan Swift g. Aestheticism8. Percy Bysshe Shelley h. A lake Poet9. William Shakespeare i. Stream of consciousness10. Henry，David Thoreau j. A historical novelistIV. Give a brief comment on the c haracteristic of Hardy’s novels.。
西方文化背景-文艺复兴(英文)[1]
![西方文化背景-文艺复兴(英文)[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/792e4529ed630b1c59eeb5cf.png)
Start of Renaissance
Renaissance happened gradually at different places at different times. The movement occurred in different countries with different emphasis. The impact with Italy was mostly in fine arts. （艺术—指诗
7
Ⅱ. Distinctive Features began with the rediscovery of the GrecoRoman civilization Emphasized reason, a questioning attitude, experimentation, and free inquiry (rationalism) Glorified the individual and approved worldly pleasures, and focused attention upon secular matters (humanism)
3
II Historical Background
1558 Death of Mary, accession of Elizabeth I
1576 The first playhouse built in London 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada, apex of England 1603 Death of Elizabeth I, accession of James I
歌、音乐、绘画、雕塑、建筑等）
In France it was literature. In England it was philosophy and drama. The starting place of the Renaissance is almost universally ascribed to（把…归于）Central Italy, especially the city of Florence. Italy— cradle of the Renaissance.
English_Romanticism(英国浪漫主义)
Romantic Fictions
English fiction gropes its way amidst the overwhelming Romantic poetry. It revives its popularity in the hands of Jane Austen & Walter Scott. Walter Scott is noted for his historical novel based on Scottish history and legends. He exerted great influence on European literature of his time.
William Wordsworth
Legend has it that Wordsworth and his sister lived a kind of incestuous life during this period. Dorothy helped Wordsworth turn his eyes to ―the face of nature‖ and ―preserved the poet in him‖. She served as Wordsworth‘s confidante and inspirer. As Wordsworth put it in his poem: She gave me eyes, she gave me ears; And humble cares, and delicate fears; A heart, the fountain of sweet tears;
Overview of Romantic literature
双城记英文阅读
双城记英文阅读It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way - in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison onlyThe story is set in the late 18th century against the backdrop of the French Revolution The central characters Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay are so similar in appearance that they are frequently mistaken for each other In the turmoil of the Revolution Darnay a French once-aristocrat is jailed in Paris by the revolutionary tribunal and Carton sacrifices himself to save Darnay by going to the guillotine in his placeThe novel opens in 1775 with the famous line It was the best of timesit was the worst of times In Dover England Jarvis Lorry a banker for Tellson's Bank is on his way to Paris where he is to bring back to England a young woman named Lucie Manette Lucie's father Dr Manette had been released from the Bastille after an 18-year imprisonment and is now living in Paris Lucie and her father are reunited and return to England where Lucie meets and falls in love with a young French once-aristocrat named Charles Darnay who is on trial for treason against the British crown Darnay is acquitted of the charges but soon must return to France where the Revolution is in full swing and the aristocracy is being ruthlessly persecutedDarnay is arrested in Paris and thrown into prison Lucie and her father travel to Paris in an attempt to free Darnay and they are aided by the lookalike Sydney Carton a lawyer and Darnay's double Carton exchanges places with Darnay and is guillotined in his stead Lucie and her father return to England with Darnay Carton dies on the guillotine uttering the famous last words It is a far far better thing that I do than I have ever doneThe novel explores the themes of resurrection and redemption through the character of Sydney Carton Carton is a brilliant but dissolute lawyer who falls in love with Lucie but knows that she can never be his Carton comes to see his life as worthless and finds redemption through his willingness to sacrifice himself to save Darnay Carton's death is described as a far far better rest than he hasever knownThe French Revolution is depicted as a period of both light and darkness The Revolution begins with the best of intentions to overthrow the corrupt aristocracy and establish liberty equality and fraternity But the Revolution soon descends into a Reign of Terror as the revolutionaries turn on each other and anyone suspected of being an enemy of the Revolution is ruthlessly executed The streets of Paris run red with the blood of the innocent as well as the guiltyThe novel contrasts the private lives of the characters with the larger historical events of the French Revolution Lucie Manette and her father Dr Manette represent the human cost of the Revolution as they are buffeted by the forces of history Darnay represents the old aristocracy trying to adapt to the new order while Carton represents the possibility of redemption and resurrection even in the darkest of timesA Tale of Two Cities is a sweeping epic that explores the full range of the human experience against the backdrop of one of the most tumultuous periods in European history The novel is a masterful blend of historical fiction and high drama that continues to captivate readers today。
一首英国的短诗英文
一首英国的短诗英文The rich tapestry of English literature is woven with the intricate threads of poetry that have captivated the hearts and minds of readers for centuries. Among the countless gems that adorn this literary landscape, a short poem from the British Isles stands out as a shining example of the power and elegance of the written word. This poem, with its succinct yet profound expression, invites us to delve into the depths of human experience and uncover the universal truths that transcend the boundaries of time and place.The poem in question is a masterpiece of concision and emotional resonance. Its author, a revered figure in the annals of English poetry, has crafted a work that seamlessly blends the simplicity of language with the complexity of human emotion. From the opening lines, the reader is drawn into a world of contemplation and introspection, where the boundaries between the physical and the metaphysical become blurred.The poem begins with a deceptively simple observation "The woods are lovely, dark and deep," evoking a vivid and evocative image of aserene forest landscape. However, the true depth of the poem lies in the layers of meaning that unfold with each subsequent line. The "woods" become a metaphor for the human condition, with its inherent beauty and the ever-present darkness that lurks within.The poet's use of language is both precise and evocative, weaving a tapestry of imagery that captivates the reader's imagination. The phrase "dark and deep" carries with it a sense of mystery and the unknown, inviting the reader to ponder the complexities of the human experience. The repetition of the word "and" creates a sense of rhythm and cadence, mirroring the ebb and flow of the natural world.As the poem progresses, the reader is drawn deeper into the contemplation of life's fleeting nature. The lines "But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep" evoke a sense of obligation and responsibility that often weighs heavily on the human spirit. The juxtaposition of the serene forest and the pressing demands of the world outside creates a tension that resonates with the reader, inviting them to reflect on their own experiences and the choices they have made.The final line of the poem, "And miles to go before I sleep," is a poignant reminder of the finite nature of our existence. The use of the word "sleep" as a metaphor for death adds a layer of depth andcomplexity to the poem, inviting the reader to consider the transitory nature of life and the importance of making the most of the time we have.The beauty of this short poem lies not only in its elegant use of language but also in its ability to capture the universal human experience. The themes of contemplation, responsibility, and the fleeting nature of life resonate with readers of all backgrounds and experiences, transcending the boundaries of time and place.As the reader immerses themselves in the world of this short poem, they are transported to a realm where the boundaries between the physical and the metaphysical blur, where the complexities of the human experience are distilled into a few carefully chosen words. The poem becomes a mirror, reflecting the reader's own struggles, triumphs, and the profound questions that haunt the human spirit.In the end, this short poem stands as a testament to the power of the written word, a shining example of the enduring legacy of English poetry. Its lasting impact on the hearts and minds of readers is a testament to the timeless and universal nature of the human experience, and the ability of great literature to capture and illuminate the complexities of our shared existence.。
英法百年战争英文版介绍
Treaty of Bretigny
1356,the Black Prince Edward(黑太子爱德华)arrived in Bordeaux(波尔 多),invincibility(不可战胜地),in September,in Poitiers(普瓦捷),beat France,caught alive the emperor of France Jéan II the prince Philippe and a lot of noblemen(贵 族).The prince was forced to conclude and sign the Treaty of Brétigny,which mainly involved the following things:
The source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领 主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人 的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.
【优质】英国文学简史小题
28.P72 P76
29.Othello is a new man of the Renaissance. Othello is a tragedy of humanism. Othello is also a tragedy of the coloured people in a society of racial prejudice.
9.The Prologue provides a framework for the tales. Chaucer has been called“the founder of English realism.”
10.The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe.(1324-1384) Authorized Version, which was King James Bible.
15.Spenser: the Poet’s Poet The Shepherd’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books, one for each month of the year.
16.Spenser’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene is along poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6. The work was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. It is an allegory.
新GRE写作名人素材库精选
新GRE写作名人素材库精选新GRE写作名人素材库：贞德贞德 Joan of Arc 1412 -- 1431Heroine, French resistance leader in the last phase of the Hundred Years War. The life of Joan of Arc must be considered against the background of the later stages of the Hundred Years War (1339-1453). The war, which had begun in 1339 and continued intermittently till the 1380s, had caused severe hardship in France. In 1392 the insanity of the French king, Charles VI, had provided the opportunity for two aristocratic factions to struggle for control of the King and kingdom. The leader of one of these, John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, finally assumed control, and both factions appealed for help to England. Henry V of England invaded France on the Burgundian side in 1415 and inflicted a shattering defeat upon the French at Agincourt in the same year. The English and Burgundians entered Paris in 1418, and the murder of John the Fearless in 1419 strengthened Burgundian hatred for the Armagnac faction.In 1420 Charles VI, Henry V, and Philip the Good of Burgundy agreed to the Treaty of Troyes, according to which Henry was to act as regent for the mad Charles VI, marry Charles's daughter, and inherit the throne of France on Charles's death. The treaty thus disinherited Charles VI's son, the Dauphin Charles (later Charles VII). Charles VI also implied that the Dauphin was illegitimate. In 1422 both Henry V and Charles VI died, leaving Henry VI, the infant son of Henry, as king of both kingdoms. Henry VI, through his regent, the Duke of Bedford, ruled uncontested in Normandy and the Ile-deFrance. The Duke of Burgundy followed an independent policy in the territories hewas assembling to the north and east of France. The Dauphin was reduced to holding the south of France, threatened with Anglo-Burgundian invasion, and taunted with the title "King of Bourges," from which city he ineffectively ruled what was left of his kingdom. He was in perpetual fear that the key city of Orleans, the gateway to his lands, might be captured by the English. In the autumn of 1428 the English laid siege to Orleans. Charles, dominated by the infamous favorite Georges de la Tremoille, naturally apathetic, and lacking in men and money, could do nothing. By the spring of 1429 the city appeared about to fall and with it the hopes of Charles VII.Joan was born (some sources say) January 6, 1412 to a peasant family in Domremy, a small town near Vaucouleurs, the last town in the east still loyal to Charles VII. "As long as I lived at home," she said at her trial in 1431, "I worked at common tasks about the house, going but seldom afield with our sheep and other cattle. I learned to sew and spin: I fear no woman in Rouen at sewing and spinning."Some time in 1425 Joan began to have visions: "When I was thirteen, I had a voice from God to help me govern myself." The voice was that of St. Michael, who, with St. Catherine and St. Margaret, "told me of the pitiful state of France, and told me that I must go to succor the King of France." Joan twice went to Robert de Baudricourt, the captain of Vaucouleurs, asking for an escort to Charles VII at Chinon. The third time she was granted an escort, and she set out in February 1429, arriving 11 days later at Chinon. She was immediately examined for orthodoxy and two days later was allowed to see the King.A contemporary described her: "This Maid ... has a virile bearing, speaks little, shows an admirable prudence in all herwords. She has a pretty, woman's voice, eats little, drinks very little wine; she enjoys riding a horse and takes pleasure in fine arms, greatly likes the company of noble fighting men, detests numerous assemblies and meetings, readily sheds copious tears, has a cheerful face..." Joan appears to have been robust, with dark brown hair, and, as one historian succinctly remarked, "in the excitement which raised her up from earth to heaven, she retained her solid common sense and a clear sense of reality." She was also persuasive. In April 1429 Charles VII sent her to Orleans as captain of a troop of men--not as leader of all his forces. With the Duke d'Alencon and Jean, the Bastard of Orleans (later Count of Dunois), Joan relieved the city, thus removing the greatest immediate threat to Charles and for the first time in his reign allowing him a military triumph.Although Charles VII appears to have accepted Joan's mission梐fter having had her examined several times at Chinon and at the University of Poitiers梙is attitude toward her, on the whole, is ambiguous. He followed her pressing advice to use the respite provided by the relief of Orleans to proceed to his coronation at Reims, thereby becoming king in the eyes of all men. After a series of victorious battles and sieges on the way, Charles VII was crowned at Reims on July 18, 1429. Joan was at his side and occupied a prominent place in the ceremonies following the coronation. From the spring of 1429 to the spring of 1430, Charles and his advisers wavered on the course of the war. The choices were those of negotiation, particularly with the Duke of Burgundy, or taking the military offensive against English positions, particularly Paris. Joan favored the second course, but an attack upon Paris in September 1429 failed, and Charles VII entered into a treaty with Burgundy that committed him tovirtual inaction. From September 1429 to the early months of 1430, Joan appears to have been kept inactive by the royal court, finally moving to the defense of the town of Compiegne in May 1430. During a skirmish outside the town's walls against the Burgundians, Joan was cut off and captured. She was a rich prize. The Burgundians turned Joan over to the English, who prepared to try her for heresy. Charles VII could do nothing.Joan's trial was held in three parts. Technically it was an ecclesiastical trial for heresy, and Joan's judges were Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais, and Jean Lemaitre, vicar of the inquisitor of France; both were aided by a large number of theologians and lawyers who sat as a kind of consulting and advising jury. From January to the end of March, the court investigated Joan's "case" and interrogated witnesses. The trial itself lasted from April to nearly the end of May and ended with Joan's abjuration. The trial was both an ecclesiastical one and a political one (because Joan was kept in an English prison rather than in that of the archbishop of Rouen and because the English continually intervened in the trial). Joan was charged with witchcraft and fraud, tested by being asked complicated theological questions, and finally condemned on the grounds of persisting in wearing male clothing, a technical offense against the authority of the Church. Joan's answers throughout the trial reveal her presence of mind, humility, wit, and good sense. Apparently Joan and her accusers differed about the nature of her abjuration, and two days after she signed it, she recanted. The third phase of her trial began on May 28. This time she was tried as a relapsed heretic, conviction of which meant "release" to the "secular arm"; that is, she would be turned over to the English to be burned. Joan was convicted of being a relapsed heretic, andshe was burned at the stake in the marketplace of Rouen on May 30, 1431.From 1450 to 1456, first under the impetus of Charles VII, then under that of Joan's mother, and finally under that of the Inquisition, a reinvestigation of Joan's trial and condemnation was undertaken by ecclesiastical lawyers. On July 7, 1456, the commission declared Joan's trial null and void, thereby freeing Joan from the taint of heresy. The Joan of Arc legend, however, did not gather momentum, and then only intermittently, until the 17th century. The 19th and 20th centuries were really, as a historian has called them, "the centuries of the Maid." In spite of her legend, Joan was not canonized until May 16, 1920.GRE写作名人素材库：达芬奇da Vinci, Leonardo 1452 -- 1519Painter, sculptor, inventor. Born April 15, 1452 near the village of Vinci, Italy. He was the illegitimate son of Ser Piero da Vinci, a prominent notary of Florence, who had no other children until much later. Ser Piero raised his son himself, a common practice at the time, arranging for Leonardo's mother to marry a villager. When Leonardo was 15, his father apprenticed him to Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading artist of Florence and a characteristic talent of the early Renaissance. A sculptor, painter, and goldsmith, Verrocchio was a remarkable craftsman, and his great skill and passionate concern for quality of execution, as well as his interest in expressing the vital mobility of the human figure, were important elements in Leonardo's artistic formation. Indeed, much in Leonardo's approach to art was evolutionary from tradition rather than revolutionary against it, although the opposite is often true of his results.After completing his apprenticeship, Leonardo stayed on asan assistant in Verrocchio's shop, and his earliest known painting is a product of his collaboration with the master. In Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ (ca. 1475), Leonardo executed one of the two angels, a fact already recorded in the 16th century, as well as the distant landscape, and he added the final touches to the figure of Christ, determining the texture of the flesh. Collaboration on a major project by a master and his assistant was standard procedure in the Italian Renaissance. What is special is that Leonardo's work is not, as was usual, a slightly less skilled version of Verrocchio's manner of painting but an original approach altering it. It completely possesses all the fundamental qualities of Leonardo's mature style and implies a criticism of the early Renaissance. By changing hard metallic surface effects to soft yielding ones, making edges less cutting, and increasing the slight modulations of light and shade, Leonardo evoked a new flexibility within the figures. This "soft union," as Giorgio Vasari called it, is also present in the special lighting and is emphatically developed in the spiral turn of the angel's head and body and the vast depth of the landscape.Apparently Leonardo had painted one extant work, the Annunciation in Florence, before this. It is much nearer to Verrocchio in the stability of the two figures shown in profile, the clean precision of the decorative details, and the large simple shapes of the trees, but it already differs in the creamier modeling of the faces. A little later is Leonardo's portrait of Ginevra de' Benci, the young wife of a prominent Florentine merchant, in which her oily face with softly contoured lips is seen against a background of mysteriously dark trees and a pond.About 1478 Leonardo set up his own studio. In 1481 he received a major church commission for an altarpiece, theAdoration of the Magi. In this unfinished painting, Leonardo's new approach is far more developed. A crowd of spectators, with odd and varied faces, flutters around and peers at the main group of the Virgin and Child, and there is a strong sense of continuing movement. In the background the three horses of the kings prance among intricate architectural ruins. However, the painting also illustrates Leonardo's strong sense of the need for a countervailing order: he placed in the center of the composition the Virgin and Child, who traditionally in paintings of this theme had appeared at one side of the picture, approached by the kings from the other side. Similarly, the picturesque ruins are rendered in sharp perspective.The simultaneous increase in both the level of activity and the organized system which controls it will climax later in Leonardo's Last Supper, and it shows us his basically scientific temperamentne concerned with not only adding to the quantity of accurate observations of nature but also subjecting these observations to newly inferred physical or mathematical laws. In their paintings earlier Renaissance artists had applied the rules of linear perspective, by which objects appear smaller in proportion as they are farther away from the eye of the spectator. Leonardo joined this principle to two others: perspective of clarity (distant objects progressively lose their separateness and hence are not drawn with outlines) and perspective of color (distant objects progressively tend to a uniform gray tone). He wrote about both of these phenomena in his notebooks.The Adoration of the Magi was, as noted above, left unfinished. In his later career Leonardo often failed over a period of years to finish a work, essentially because he would not accept established answers. For example, in his project for a bronzeequestrian statue he began his work by delving into such matters as the anatomy of horses and the method by which the heavy monument could be transported from his studio to its permanent location. In the case of the Magi altarpiece, however, the unfinished state may merely result from the fact that Leonardo left Florence in 1482 to accept the post of court artist to the Duke of Milan. In leaving, Leonardo followed a trend set by the leading Florentine masters of the older generation, Verrocchio and Antonio Pollaiuolo, who went to Venice and Rome to execute commissions larger than any available in their native Florence.Leonardo presented himself to the Duke of Milan as skilled in many crafts, but particularly in military engineering, asserting that he had worked out improved methods for shooting catapults and diverting rivers. Such inventions, as well as the remarkable machinery that Leonardo produced in Milan for stage pageants, point to his profound interest in the laws of motion and propulsion, a further aspect of his interest in living things and their workings. Again, this preoccupation differs from older artists only in degree.Leonardo's first Milanese painting is the altarpiece Virgin of the Rocks. It exists in two versions: the one in Paris is earlier and was executed by Leonardo; the one in London is later, and there is controversy as to whether Leonardo participated in its execution. A religious brotherhood in Milan commissioned an altarpiece from Leonardo in 1483, and it is also a matter of argument as to which version is the one commissioned. Some scholars believe that it is the London work and that the Paris version was painted while Leonardo was still in Florence. But this view requires some remarkable coincidences, and the more usualopinion is that the picture in Paris is the original one executed for the Milanese commission and that it was taken away by Leonardo's admirer the king of France and replaced in Milan by the second painting.Although the Virgin of the Rocksis a very original painting, it makes use of a venerable tradition in which the Holy Family is shown in a cave. This setting becomes a vehicle for Leonardo's interests in depicting nature and in dimmed light, which fuses the outlines of separate objects. The artist once commented that one should practice drawing at dusk and in courtyards with walls painted black. The figures in the painting are grouped in a pyramid.The other surviving painting of Leonardo's Milanese years is the Last Supper (1495-1497), commissioned by the duke for the refectory of the convent of S. Maria delle Grazie. Instead of using fresco, the traditional medium for this theme, Leonardo experimented with an oil-based medium, because painting in true fresco makes areas of color appear quite distinct. Unfortunately, his experiment was unsuccessful; the paint did not adhere well to the wall, and within 50 years the scene was reduced to a confused series of spots. What we see today is largely a later reconstruction, but the design is reliable and remarkable. The scene seems at first to be one of tumultuous activity, in response to the dramatic stimulus of Christ's words "One of you will betray me," which is a contrast to the traditional static row of figures. But the 12 disciples form four equal clusters around Christ, isolated as a fifth unit in the middle. Thus, Leonardo once again enriches the empirical observation of vital activity but simultaneously develops a containing formula and emphasizes the center. This blend of the immediate reality of thesituation and the underlying order of the composition is perhaps the reason the painting has always been extraordinarily popular and has remained the standard image of the subject.In its own time, the Last Supper was perhaps less well known than the project for a bronze equestrian statue of the previous Duke of Milan, on which Leonardo worked during most of his Milanese years. He wanted to show the horse leaping, a technical problem of balance in sculpture that was solved only in the 17th century. Numerous drawings of the project exist. Besides apparatus for pageants and artillery, architectural projects also occupied Leonardo in Milan. He and the great architect Donato Bramante, also a recent arrival at the court, clearly had a mutually stimulating effect, and it is hard to attribute certain innovative ideas to one of them rather than the other. The architectural drawings of Leonardo, very similar to the buildings of Bramante, mark the shift from the early Renaissance to the High Renaissance in architecture and show a new interest in and command of scale and grandeur within the basic harmonious geometry of Renaissance structure. No buildings can be attributed with certainty to Leonardo.When Leonardo's patron was overthrown by the French invasion in 1499, Leonardo left Milan. He visited Venice briefly, where the Senate consulted him on military projects, and Mantua. He planned a portrait of Isabella d'Este, Duchess of Mantua, one of the most striking personalities and great art patrons of the age. The surviving drawing for this portrait suggests that the concept of the later Mona Lisa had already been formulated.In 1500 Leonardo returned to Florence, where he was received as a great man. Florentine painters of the generation immediately following Leonardo were excited by his modernmethods, with which they were familiar through the unfinished Adoration of the Magi, and he also now had a powerful effect on a still younger group of artists. Thus it was that a younger master passed on to Leonardo his own commission for the Virgin and Child with St. Anne, and the monks who had ordered it gave Leonardo a workroom. Leonardo's large preparatory drawing was inspected by crowds of viewers. This theme had traditionally been presented in a rather diagrammatic fashion to illustrate the family tree of Christ; sometimes this was done by representing Anne, the grandmother, in large scale with her daughter Mary on her knee and with Mary in turn holding the Christ Child. Leonardo sought to retain a reference to this conceptual pattern while drawing sinuous, smiling figures in a fluid organic interrelationship. Several varying designs exist, the last version being the painting of about 1510 in Paris; this variety suggests that Leonardo could not fuse the two qualities he desired: an abstract formula and the immediacy of life.During his years in Florence (1500-1506), even though they were interrupted in 1502 by a term as military engineer for Cesare Borgia, Leonardo completed more projects than in any other period of his life. In his works of these years, the emphasis is almost exclusively on portraying human vitality, as in the Leda and the Swan (lost; known only through copies), a spiraling figure kneeling among reeds, and the Mona Lisa, the portrait of a Florentine citizen's young third wife, whose smile is mysterious because it is in the process of either appearing or disappearing.Leonardo's great project (begun 1503) was the battle scene that the city commissioned to adorn the newly built Council Hall of the Palazzo Vecchio. In the choice of theme, the Battle of Anghiari, patriotic references and the wish to show off Leonardo'sspecial skills were both apparently required. Leonardo depicted a cavalry battle of small skirmish won by Florentine troops in which horsemen leap at each other, churning up dust, in quick interlocking motion. The work today is known through some rapid rough sketches of the groups of horsemen, careful drawings of single heads of men which are extraordinarily vivid in suggesting immediate response to a stimulus, and copies of the entire composition. Leonardo began to paint the scene, experimenting with encaustic technique (the paint is fused into hot wax on the surface of the panel), but he was called back to Milan before the work was completed. A short time thereafter, the room was remodeled and the fragment was destroyed.Both the Battle of Anghiari and the Mona Lisa contain their animation in neatly balanced designs. In the battle scene, the enemies are locked in tense symmetry; in the portrait, the crossed arms form the base of a pyramid capped by the head, which gives the lady her quality of classic rightness and prevents the less than full-length portrait from seeming incomplete and arbitrarily amputated at the lower edge.Called to Milan in 1506 by the French governor in charge, Leonardo worked on an equestrian statue project, but he produced no new paintings; he was more intent on scientific observation. Most of his scientific concerns were fairly direct extensions of his interests as a painter, and his research in anatomy was the most fully developed. Verrocchio and other early Renaissance painters had attempted to render the human anatomy with accuracy, but Leonardo went far beyond any of them, producing the earliest anatomical drawings which are still considered valid today, although he occasionally confused animal and human anatomy and accepted some old wives' tales.Leonardo began filling the notebooks with data and drawings, and the visual intensity that was always his starting point reveal his other scientific interests: firearms, the action of water, the flight of birds (leading to designs for human flight), the growth of plants, and geology. Leonardo's interests were not universal: theology, history, and literature moved him little. All his interests had in common a concern with the processes of action, movement, pressure, and growth; it has been rightly said that his drawings of the human body are less anatomical than physiological.In 1513 Leonardo went to Rome, where he remained until 1516. He was much honored, but he was relatively inactive and remarkably aloof from its rich social and artistic life. He continued to fill his notebooks with scientific entries. The French king, Francis I, invited Leonardo to his court at Fontainebleau, gave him the titles of painter, architect, and mechanic to the king, and provided him with a country house at Cloux. Leonardo was revered for his knowledge and influence on younger artists more than for any work he produced in France. He died on May 2, 1519, at Cloux.新GRE写作名人素材库：但丁Dante (Alighieri) 1265 -- 1321The Italian poet Dante Alighieri wrote The Divine Comedy, the greatest poetic composition of the Christian Middle Ages and the first masterpiece of world literature written in a modern European vernacular.Dante lived in a restless age of political conflict between popes and emperors and of strife within the Italian city-states, particularly Florence, which was torn between rival factions. Spiritually and culturally too, there were signs of change. Withthe diffusion of Aristotle's physical and metaphysical works, there came the need for harmonizing his philosophy with the truth of Christianity, and Dante's mind was attracted to philosophical speculation. In Italy, Giotto, who had freed himself from the Byzantine tradition, was reshaping the art of painting, while the Tuscan poets were beginning to experiment with new forms of expression. Dante may be considered the greatest and last medieval poet, at least in Italy, where barely a generation later the first humanists were to emerge.Dante was born in Florence, the son of Bellincione d'Alighiero. His family descended, he tells us, from "the noble seed" of the Roman founders of Florence and was noble also by virtue of honors bestowed on it later. His great-grandfather Cacciaguida had been knighted by Emperor Conrad III and died about 1147 while fighting in the Second Crusade. As was usual for the minor nobility, Dante's family was Guelph, in opposition to the Ghibelline party of the feudal nobility which strove to dominate the communes under the protection of the emperor.Although his family was reduced to modest circumstances, Dante was able to live as a gentleman and to pursue his studies. It is probable that he attended the Franciscan school of Sta Croce and the Dominican school of S. Maria Novella in Florence, where he gained the knowledge of Thomistic doctrine and of the mysticism that was to become the foundation of his philosophical culture. It is known from his own testimony that in order to perfect his literary style he also studied with Brunetto Latini, the Florentine poet and master of rhetoric. Perhaps encouraged by Brunetto in his pursuit of learning, Dante traveled to Bologna, where he probably attended the well-known schools of rhetoric.A famous portrait of the young Dante done by Giotto hangs in the Palazzo del Podest?in Florence. We also have the following description of him left us by the author Giovanni Boccaccio: "Our poet was of medium height, and his face was long and his nose aquiline and his jaws were big, and his lower lip stood out in such a way that it somewhat protruded beyond the upper one; his shoulders were somewhat curved, and his eyes large rather than small and of brown color, and his hair and beard were curled and black, and he was always melancholy and pensive." Dante does not write of his family or marriage, but before 1283 his father died, and soon afterward, in accordance with his father's previous arrangements, he married the gentlewoman Gemma di Manetto Donati. They had several children, of whom two sons, Jacopo and Pietro, and a daughter, Antonia, are known。
2015-16年英国文学专八复习题库
2015-16年英国文学专八复习题库Part I. Multipul Choices1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Ballad of Robin HoodC.The Song of BeowulfD.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght2._____is the most common foot in English poetry.A.The anapest抑抑扬格B.The trochee（英诗的）扬抑格，长短格C.The iamb抑扬格，短长格D.The dactyl强弱格，长短格；扬抑抑格；3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event?A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B.England’s domestic restC.New discovery in geography and astrologyD.The religious reformation and the economic expansion4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.The Pilgrims ProgressB.Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC.The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanD.The Holy War5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____.A.scienceB.philosophyC.artsD.humanism6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ?A.Lover.B.Time.C.Summer.D.Poetry.7. It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and mature poems are in the form of ______.A.elegyB.odeC.epicD.sonnet8.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”The sentence is the beginning of Shakespeare’s_______.edyB.tragedyC.sonnetD.poem9. Daniel Defoe’s novels mainly focus on _____.A.the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceB.the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityC.the struggle of the pirates for wealthD.the desire of the criminals for property10. Francis Bacon is best known for his_____which greatly influenced the development of this literary form.A.essaysB.poemsC.worksD.plays11. Most of Thomas Hardy’s novels are set in Wessex____.A.a crude region in EnglandB.a fictional primitive regionC.a remote rural areaD.Hardy’s hometown12. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?A.Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jan e Austen’s novels.B.Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as “First Impressions”.C.Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.D.In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.13. Of the following writers, which is not the representative of the Romantic period?A.William Blake.B.John Bunyan.C.Jane Auten.D.John Keats.14. In Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, what is the utmost concern of Blake?A.LoveB.ChildhoodC.DeathD.Human Experience15. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.A.the RenaissanceB.the Old TestamentC.Greek MythologyD.the New Testament16. Jane Austen’s first novel is _____.A.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Plan of a Noel17.The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of ____.A.John MiltonB.John DonneC.John KeatsD.John Bunyan18. Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.B.She Dwelt Among the Untrodden WaysC.The Solitary Reaper.D.The Chimney Sweeper.19. 1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeatingEngland.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius20. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer21. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay22. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales23. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur24. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time.The Normans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish25.10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about alegendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman26. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden27. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey28. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a tr anslation of the FrenchRoman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess29. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’spoem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Beowulf30. _____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. James I31.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad.____ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interests of the English merchants.A. Henry V.B. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth32.Except being a victory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada”(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway33.____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William ShakespeareC. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe34.The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.A. LylyB. PeeleC. GreeneD. Marlowe35.Morality plays appeared after_____.A. miracle playsB. mystery playsC. interludeD. Classical plays36._____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.A. Phillip SidneyB. Edmund SpenserC. Thomas MoreD. Walter Raleigh37._____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George ChapmanD. John Florio38.____ was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty tounderstand that the rich were becoming richer by robbing the poor.A. John WycliffeB. William CaxtonC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Thomas More39.Utopia was written in the form of _____.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue40.One of the popular morality plays was ____.A. The ShepherdsB. EverymanC. The Play of the WeatherD. Gammer Gurton’s Needle41.Shakespeare’s plays written between _____ are sometimes called “romances”and all end in reconciliation and reunion.A. 1590 and 1594B. 1595 and 1600C. 1601 and 1607D. 1608 and 161242.Miranda is a heroine in Shakespeare’s ______.A. PericlesB. CymbelineC. The Winter’s TaleD. The Tempest43.In _____ appeared Shakespeare’s Sonnet，Never before Imprinted（《莎士比亚十四行诗》“迄今从未刊印过”）which contains 154 sonnets.A. 1606B. 1607C. 1608 160944.Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. classicism45.Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) withthe _______.A. dramatic blank verseB. songC. sonnetD. Couplet46.The r hyme scheme of Milton’s L’Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _____.A. aabbccbbcB. abbacdccdC. abacdeecD. ababcdcdd47. _____ , as a declaration of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon inthe later democratic revolutionary struggles.A. On the Morning of Christ’s NativityB. ComusC. Of Reformation in EnglandD. Areopagitica48. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and thelater sacred verses.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden49. _____ expressed Donne’s own way of describing love.A. Holy SonnetsB. Witchcraft by a PictureC. The Sun RisingD. Death, Be Not Proud50. George Herbert’s ______ is a well-known shaped poem.A. The AltarB. To His Coy MistressC. To DaffodilsD. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May51. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan52. Which of the following is not a Metaphysical poet?A. Richard CrashawB. Henry VaughanC. Andrew MarvellD. Robert Burton53. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry?A. John SucklingB. Richard LovelaceC. Robert HerrickD. John Dryden54. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19thcentury.A. John DrydenB. Richard SteeleC. Joseph AddisonD. Alexander Pope55. ______ were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authorsall through the 18th century.A. Jeremy Taylor’s Holy LivingB. Thomas Browne’s Religio MeidicC. Samuel Pepys’s diariesD. Addison’s Spectator essays56. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____.A. SteeleB. AddisonC. PopeD. Dryden57. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. Essay on ManD. The Dunciad58. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets.A. didacticB. satiricalC. philosophicalD. dramatic59. ____ was an intellectual movement in the first half of the 18th century.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Industrial RevolutionC. The Religious ReformD. The Enlightenment60. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____readers.A. aristocraticB. middle classC. low classD. intellectual61. ____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just.A. SteeleB. MiltonC. AddisonD. Pope62. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ . What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. romanticismB. classicismC. realismD. Sentimentalism63. The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising (unbending) courage.A. dramaB. poetryC. essayD. novel64.In 1704, Jonathan Swift published two works together, ____ and ___, whichmade him well-known as a satirist.A. A Tale of TubB. Bickerstaff AlmanacC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Battle of the Books65.“Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” Thissentence is said by ____, one of the greatest masters of English prose.A. Alexander PopeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Daniel Defoe66._____’s best-known pamphlet was The Trueborn Englishman—A Satire, whichcontained a caustic exposure of the aristocracy and the tyranny of the church.A. Alexander PopeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Daniel Defoe67.Henry Fielding’s first novel ____ was written in connection with Pamela ofSamuel Richardson. But after the first 10 chapters, Henry Fielding became so interested and absorbed in his own hovel as to forget his original plan of ridiculing Pamela.A. Tom JonesB. Joseph AndrewsC. Jonathan WildD. Amelia68.From the character Mr. Malaprop, in ___ by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, is derivedthe term “malapropism” which means a ridiculous misusage of big words.A. The Rivals对手B. The School for Scandal丑闻学校C. The Beggar’s OperaD. The London Merchant69.Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith? ____.A. The TravellerB. The Deserted VillageC. The Vicar of WakefieldD. The School for Scandal70.Which of the following works is written by Edward Gibbon?______.A. The School for ScandalB. She Stoops to ConquerC. The Good-natured ManD. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire71.The sentence of “The plowman homeward plods his weary way, /And leaves theworld to darkness and to me” is written by ____.A. William CowperB. George CrabbeC. Thomas GrayD. William Blake72.______ is not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches73.“In seed time learn, in harvest teach, in winter enjoy.” This proverb is cited fromWilliam Blake’s _____.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Songs of InnocenceC. The Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches74.The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties,______, which were satirized by Jonathan Swift in his Gulliver’s Travels.A. the Whigs and the ToriesB. the senate and the House of RepresentativesC. The upper House and lower HouseD. the House of Lords and the House of Commons75.____ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Edward Youngand Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Lawrence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.A. Pre-romanticismB. RomanticismC. SentimentalismD. Naturalism76._____ compiled the A Dictionary of the English Language which became thefoundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.A. Ben JohnsonB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. John Dryden77.Which of the following novels is not epistolary (written in letter form) novels?A. Clarissa HarloweB. PamelaC. Sir Charles GrandisonD. Tomes Jones78.Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A. She Stoops to ConquerB. The RivalsC. The School for ScandalD. The Conscious Lovers79. Briefly discuss why Hamlet is so impressive in Shakespeare’s Hamlet.A. The hero Hamlet in Shakespesare is play Hamlet is noted for his hesition to take his revenge,his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything.B. He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king.He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him.But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle.This made him deep in trouble.C. When he planned to kill his uncle,he was afraid to hurt his mother.And also,when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle,he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime.Thus he lost good chance.Hamlet represented humanism of his time.D. ALL OF ABOVE.80. According to the setting of the poem “Paradise Lost,”discuss the theme,the author’sintension to create it and the implication that the poem expresses.A.The theme of the poem “ParadiseLost”is the” Fall of Man,”i.e.mans disobedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause----Satan.B.The athor’s intention to write this poem is to expose the ways of Satan to” justifythe ways of God to men.”C..In this poem,the author implicitly expresses his fundamental concern with freedom and choice and his belief that the unquestionable truth of biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and eve to be tempted and of their free will to choose sin and its inevitable punishment.D. ALL OF ABOVE.82. By analyzing the poems by Percy Bysshe Shelley,discuss his art of poems.A.Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.A.His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions.B.His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech.C.He describes vividly what we see and feel,or express what parsionately moves us.D. All of above.83.Based on her writings,discuss Jane Austen is greatest contribution to English literature.A.Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in English literature.She creates six influential novels.B.Her main liteary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships,which make her novels have a univer-sal significance.C.Jane Austen has brought the English novel,as an art of form,to is maturity because of her sensitivity to universal pat-terns of human behavior and her accurate portrayal of human individuals.D.She describes the world from a woman is point of view,and depicts a group of authentic and common women.84. Why is Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte a successful novel?A.This novel sharply criticize theexisting society,e.g.the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions,the social discrimi-nation Jane experiences and the false social convention as concerning love and marriage.B.The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine Jane Eyre.C.It is an intense moral fable at the same time.Jans,like Mr.Rochester,has to undergo a series of physical and mor-al tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness.D. All of above.85. Analyze the character of Jane Eyre based on the selection taken from chapter xx 3 of Jane eyre.A.Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved,a poor,plain ,little governess who dares to love her master.B.InChapter X X 3,Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester bat she is aware that her love is out of the question.C.When forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperateld and openly declares her equalitywith him and love for him.D. All of the above.86.Romanticism fights against the ideas of ______.A. realismB. RenaissanceC. EnlightenmentD. feudalism87.The main literary stream in the Romanticism Period is ____.A. poetryB. novelsC. proseD. periodicals88.____ has a another name called “The Daffodils”.A. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”B. “Tintern Abbey”C. “Revolution”D. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”89.Byron’s ____ is regarded as the great poem of the Romantic Age.A. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageB. Hours of IdlenessC. LaraD. Don Juan唐璜90.Prometheus Unbound被缚的普罗米修斯is ____ masterpiece.A. Wordsworth’sB. Byron’sC. Shelley’sD. Keats’91.____ lived the longest life.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. ShelleyD. Keats92.Keats’ best ode is ____.A. “On a Grecian Urn”B. “To Autumn”C. “To Psyche”D. “To a Nightingale”93.The publication of ______ marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement inEngland.A. “Tintern Abbey”B. Lyrical BalladsC. Frost at NightD. “The Daffodils”94.The Prelude has also been called _____.A. The Last BrazilB. The First ImpressionC. Growth of a Poet’s MindD. The Spirit of the Age95._____ is considered Wordsworth’s masterpiece.A. The PreludeB. EndymionC. Don JuanD. Biographia Literaria96.The best essayist in the English Romantic Age is _____.A. KeatsB. Walter ScottC. Charles Lamb兰波D. William Hazlitt97.The themes of Pride and Prejudice are _____.A. pride and prejudiceB. the writer’s own personalitiesC. love and marriageD. Both A and C98._____ is considered the father of historical novelist in the English Romantic Age.i.Jane Austen B. Charles Lamb C. William Hazlitt D. Waler Scottmb’s writings are full of ______for he is especially fond of old writers.A. romanticismB. conversationsC. inspirationsD. Archaisms古词mb兰波is a romanticist of ______.A. the city都市诗人B. the countrysideC. natureD. imagination 101._____ is based on Boccaccio薄伽丘’s Decameron.十日谈A. EndymionB. Isabella伊莎贝拉 D. Hyperion D. Lamia102.Critics agree that ____ is a great romantic poet, standing with Shakespeare, Milton and Wordsworth in the history English literature.A. KeatsB. WordsworthC. ColeridgeD. William103.The reader can get a broad panorama of the social life of the EnglishRomantic Age from _____.A. Don JuanB. The PreludeC. Kubla KhanD. Isabella104.Some critics think that some of Byron’s poems show his _____.A. individual heroism and pessimism英雄主义和悲观主义B. love of nature and optimismC. love of old writersD. hatred for the imperialism105.____ is Shelley’s masterpiece.A. ZastrozziB. The Necessity of AtheismC. Queen MabD. Prometheus Unbound被缚的普罗米修斯106.Because of _______, Shelley was expelled from the Oxford University.A. The Masque of AnarchyB. A Defence of PoetryC. The Necessity of Atheism论无神论的必要性D. The Triumph of Life 107.The Romantic Age began in____ and came to an end in _____.A. 1789...1821 B. 1778...1823 C. 1798...1832 D. 1768 (1819)108.Byron, Shelley and Keats belong to Romantic poets of ___ generation.A. the firstB. the secondC. the thirdD. the forth109. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. T110. English Romantic literature started from mid-18th to the early 19th century. F 111.Jane Austen is one of the greatest romantic woman novelists. T112. Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art. T 113.The story of Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound was taken from Roman mythology.F 114.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. T115.In The School for Scandal, Sheridan contrasts two brothers, Joseph Surface and Charles Surface. T116.My Heart’s in the Highlands is one of the best known poems written by Robert Burns in which he pored his unshakable love for his homeland. T117.Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More and Hythloday, a voyage. F118.Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist. F119.Carl Marx commented highly on More’s Utopia and mentioned it in his great work, The Capital. F120.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry.F121.The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creation of the world, Noah and the flood, and the birth of Christ. T122.King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero to degenerate into a bloody murder and despot right to his doom. F ing from an old Danish legend, Othello is considered the summit of Shakespeare’s art. F124.Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature. F。
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The inheritance in England in the early 19th centuryI have seen an adaption named Pride And Prejudice in the last few weeks. It’s such a splendid film, which is adapted from Jane Austen’s classical novel, that I got interested in it. I have seen this movie from the beginning to the end more than once. I have found some interesting details in the movie . What’s more, I have read the novel and discovered some similar details.I would like to decsribe a series of scenes from the film.When the Bennet family were having dinner after the ball, Mrs Bennet explained the reason why she was fond of looking for husands of a good fortune for her daughters. She said that their girls would just look forward to a grand inheritance from their father, they couldn’t inherit their father’s estste. Only these girls married rich husands, could they live a comfortable life.When Mrs Bennet knew Mr collins, the relation who her disliked, would visit her family, she complained that her daughters couldn’t inherit Mr Bennet’heritage. Elizabeth explained to her mother that the estate passed directly to Mr Collins and not to they females. It is knew to the Bennet that the annoying Mr Collins would inherit Mr Bennet’s everying some day. One of the daughters said even her paino stool belonged to Mr Collins, they might be turned out of the house as soon as the inheritor pleased.Much to my surprise, the Lady Catherine’s daughter would be able to inherit her mother’s heritage according to Mr Collins’s speaking. In the family’s party, Mr Collins flaunted a lot about his patroness Lady Catherine. When asked about her family, he said that she had one daughter who seemed born to be a duchess,and the girl would be the heiress of Rosings Park and extensive property.These strange situations also can be seen in the novel written by Jane Austen. The book showed that Mr Bennet’s property consisted almost entirely in an estate of two thousand a year, which, unfortunately for his daughters, was entailed in default of heirs male, on a distant relation. The distant relation is Mr Collins, Mr Bennet’s cousin whom Mr Bennet never saw in the whole course of his life. The father also told that when he was dead, Mr Collins might turn the family all out of this house as soon as he pleaseed.When Mr Collins had a chat with Mrs Bennet, he also talked about Lady Catherine’s daughter. Mrs Bennet said she is better off than many girls like her daughters admirly.But it was so strange that Mrs Bennet’s father had been an attorney in Meryton, and had left herfour thousand pounds. So we can know that women could inherit the proprrty.Why these girls named Bennet couldn’t inherit Mr Bennet’s heritage?There are three strange situations from the film and the novel. First, the Bennet’s girls could not be able to inherit their father’s heritage, a estate in the village of Longbourn. Second, Lady Catherine’s daughter could inherit her mother’s heritage, the estate Rosings Park. Third, Mrs Bennet had inherited her father’s four thousand pounds.There are some reasons of these strange situations.First of all, since the time of the Norman conquest, the Norman force their way of a feudal soil possession on the England. The king was in possession of the soil of the whole country. The man only owned the rights of the soil like planting the grain, harvesting. They were not allowed to sell their land. In the meantime, people must undertake some obligations from the king, like paying their tax to the king, doing forced labour. This kind of soil called the estate. Most kind of the estate is fee tail. Only the owner of the eatate and his inheritor could enjoy the bendfit of the estate. The owner was in possession of the estate and could use it whatever he likes except selling. But the inheritor of the estate could be male descendants only. Till the early 19th century, the owner of the estate needn’t undertake obligations though the inheritor must be a male hadn’t change at all.We can know from the novel that Mr Bennet’s property consisted almost entirely in an estate of two thousand a year. The estate he owned is a kind of fee tail. Only male realtion could inherit the estate. The closed realtion Mr Bennet had was Mr Collins. So the Bennet’s girls were not in the possession of their father’s estate.Secondly, Lady Catherine’s daughter was born to be the superior graces, she could be a duchess. A duch or a duchess owned the estate. But little woman can be a noble of her own.Thirdly, in the eraly 19th century, women could inherit their relation’s property which was limited to money, or other movable property. Most of women were not allowed to inherit the estste.So I have found a small mistake. One daughter said even her paino stool belonged to Mr Collins when they went to the market. I think girls could have these movable property such as their paino or paino stool or other things.This is what I knew about inheritance.。