名师详解雅思写作7个基本原则
雅思写作之万能逻辑观点
雅思写作之万能逻辑观点
为了提高文章的逻辑性和说服力,可以运用一些万能逻辑观点。
1.因果关系:
强调事件之间的因果关系,说明某一事件是导致另一事件发生的原因。
例如,在讨论教育问题时,可以提出教育是提高个人素质和社会发展的重要因素。
2.比较和对比
通过比较和对比不同的事物或观点,来强调它们的相似之处或差异。
例如,在讨论文化差异时,可以比较不同文化的特点和优缺点。
3.举例说明
通过具体的例子来说明某一观点或问题。
例如,在讨论环保问题时,可以举出某个具体的环保项目或措施来说明其效果和意义。
4.分类和归纳
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将事物按照一定的标准进行分类和归纳,以便更好地理解和说明问题。
例如,在讨论社会问题时,可以将问题分为教育、就业、医疗等方面进行分别讨论。
5.事实和数据
通过事实和数据来支持自己的观点和论据。
例如,在讨论经济发展时,可以引用具体的数据来说明经济增长的速度和趋势。
6.逻辑推理
通过逻辑推理来证明某一观点或结论的正确性。
例如,在讨论全球化问题时,可以提出全球化是不可避免的趋势,并从历史和现实的角度进行逻辑推理。
以上是一些常用的万能逻辑观点,在写作中可以根据需要选择适合的观点来组织文章,使文章更有说服力和逻辑性。
2。
无忧雅思名师访谈之吴建业
雅思名师吴建业无忧雅思嘉宾访谈实录(下)网友:吴老师,我想问一下,作文太长会不会影响分数的?会不会被认为文字表达能力不强?吴建业:建议大作文控制在260-280字,小作文控制在160-180,写多错多。
网友:吴老师,有人说写作准备30篇就够了,是真的吗?如果是,是哪30篇?我4月才考,想都写一下。
吴建业:卓卓有余!应该选取有代表性的话题,例如,文化、健康、教育、犯罪、科技等。
可参看我的《最新雅思考试胜策——写作(修订版》。
网友:我很害怕作文看不懂题,万一看不懂题目该怎么办?吴建业:建议多关注无忧雅思所整理的写作机经,尤其是国外考过的。
网友:吴老师,雅思G类小作文如何写才能得到高分?大作文和小作文写作的时间应该如何分配?吴建业:不要把重点放在小作文,应该把精力放在大作文。
时间按规定的20分钟和40分钟分配。
网友:我们班有个人老爱用些高深~~的词汇,老师说那可以体现水平,吸引考官的注意.我晕.要是那词太过有水平连考官都看不懂那咋办?这种手法真的会有用,能够拿到高分吗??还有,除了词汇之外,语法在雅思写作考试中能不能突出到个人的写作水平啊?其实语法错误是小问题,还是大问题?会不会有大影响架?吴建业:没必要用太高深的词汇,应该使用与自己水平相符合的词汇。
如果有些词连考官都看不明白的话,我想考官是不会去查字典的,仅当它是错别字。
语法错误直接影响到考生能否突破6分,遗憾的是,不少考生以为语法小错是小节问题,无伤大雅。
其实不然,大多数考5分的学生问题在于语法基础太差,只要稍为梳理语法,便可逾越6分大关。
网友:吴老师,我想问你,雅思会不会考一些最近发生过的热门新闻的,不如会不会考莫斯科机场爆炸这类题目的??吴建业:不会!平时多留意无忧雅思所归纳的考题,尤其是国外考题。
网友:我考IELTS的主要目的是增强个人素质,不是为了出国.那么请问我的雅思成绩单如果过期,用人单位是否会承认我的英文水平吗??谢谢吴建业:雅思为国际英语语言能力测试,被越来越多的企事业单位认可。
九分学长雅思写作讲义
九分学长雅思写作讲义雅思写作是雅思考试中的一个重要部分,对于想要在雅思考试中取得好成绩的考生来说,掌握好写作技巧是非常关键的。
九分学长雅思写作讲义提供了一些有用的技巧和指导,帮助考生提高雅思写作能力。
本文将根据九分学长雅思写作讲义的要求,就雅思写作的一些重要内容进行详细讲解。
首先,九分学长雅思写作讲义中强调了写作的结构。
一个好的雅思写作作文应该有清晰的结构,包括引言、主体段落和结论。
引言部分要能引起读者的兴趣,概述文章的主题。
主体段落应该有合理的论点和支撑的例子,每一段都应该有一个主题句,并且要有适当的过渡句连接各个段落。
结论部分要对文章进行总结,强调主要观点,并给出自己的观点。
其次,九分学长雅思写作讲义提到了写作的语言表达。
在雅思写作中,使用正确的语法和词汇非常重要。
要尽量避免语法错误和拼写错误,并注意使用适当的词汇和短语。
此外,还要注意使用不同的句式,使文章更加丰富多样。
同时,还要注意使用恰当的连词和过渡词,使文章的段落和句子之间有良好的连贯性。
第三,九分学长雅思写作讲义中强调了写作的思路。
在写作过程中,要有清晰的思路和逻辑。
首先,要明确自己的观点和立场,并能够给出合理的理由和支持的例子。
同时,要能够合理地组织自己的思想,使文章的结构清晰明了。
另外,要注意权衡不同的观点,并给出自己的观点和理由。
最后,九分学长雅思写作讲义还提到了一些写作的技巧和注意事项。
首先,要注意文章的长度,不要超过规定的字数,也不要过短。
其次,要注意审题,确保自己理解题目的要求,并针对题目的要求进行写作。
另外,要注意时间的控制,合理分配时间,不要花太多时间在一个段落或一个观点上。
最后,要多加练习,通过不断的写作练习,提高自己的写作水平。
综上所述,九分学长雅思写作讲义提供了一些宝贵的写作技巧和指导,对于提高雅思写作能力非常有帮助。
通过掌握好写作的结构、语言表达、思路和一些写作技巧,考生可以在雅思写作中取得更好的成绩。
希望本文对考生们有所帮助。
雅思测试写作课堂:写出个性化的八股文
雅思测试写作课堂:写出个性化的八股文话题多、题材广、时间紧、要求高的议论文写作一直是雅思写作中的难点,思维狭窄、词汇不足也一直是中国考生的通病,如何在议论文写作中拓宽思路?怎样背诵8000个雅思词汇?备考雅思写作的误区和应对方法又是什么?上周末,启德教育吴建业老师在广州图书馆给广大考生上了一堂生动的雅思议论文写作课。
开拓思维的十大原则据统计,近年来雅思议论文写作共有265个话题,常考的涉及环保、经济、社会、教育、犯罪等题材,十分广泛。
鉴于很多考生写作时感觉无话可说,吴建业提醒考生从经济、时间、健康、情感、教育、心理、权利、文化、环保和道德十大原则来思考话题的意义。
他以养狗为例:经济上要花很多钱;情感上亲近狗就会在一定程度上疏远家人;遛狗、给狗冲凉等浪费时间;狗传播疾病会影响健康;养狗会影响学习;狗很忠诚,养狗会让人从心理上疏远狡诈的人类;侵犯邻居的权利;狗到处排泄会破坏环境等。
“这样大家碰到任何一个话题都不用心虚了。
”但是他同时提醒广大考生不必面面俱到,只要挑出十大原则中的两三点来自圆其说就绰绰有余了。
记住800个核心词汇“垃圾怎么说?可回收垃圾?可降解的垃圾?……”课堂上,吴建业关于垃圾的几个提问难倒了很多在场的英语专业的学生。
吴建业老师表示,中国学生在学校学习的词汇在很多场合用不上,比如英语专业八级侧重于文学名著,商务英语则侧重谈判、商业词汇。
雅思需要8000词汇,但相当一部分考生疯狂地从A背到Z,还存在想说却说不出来,即使说得出来也衔接不来的问题。
怎么办?“分类背诵,联想记忆。
”吴建业告诉广大考生,只要掌握了800个词汇,就可轻松应对雅思写作。
“当然这些词汇是剔除了dog、pig之类的核心词汇。
”那什么词才叫核心词汇呢?吴建业举了一个例子,如由奢侈→贫穷→救助→难民→……,就这样把相关联的词汇串通起来背诵,既掌握了词汇,而这些词汇往往是一篇文章中可能涉及的内容。
写个性化的八股文吴老师还指出了考生的备考误区和应对方法。
托福雅思写作高分语法规则
托福雅思写作高分语法规则规则1修饰语(描述事物的单词或短语)应靠近其修饰的单词或短语。
示例:Purchased last week, the new preparation materials helped the student study.常见错误:Purchased last week, the student studied with her new preparation materials.规则2确保代词指代一个特定的名词,并与其指代名词的单数或复数形式保持一致。
示例:The professor is a favorite at the university, but he is now taking a semester off.常见错误:The professor is a favorite at the university, but they were now taking a semester off.规则3牢记句子主语,确保主语始终与动词保持一致。
示例:Each of the authors involved in writing the book was a sociologist.常见错误:Each of the authors involved in writing the book were sociologists.规则4当一个句子中存在两个或多个并列成分时,应使用同类语法形式。
示例:The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and appeared enthusiastic.常见错误:The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and his enthusiasm was high.规则5当主语是动作的执行者时,选择主动语态(而非被动语态)。
ielts写作评分标准
雅思写作评分标准
一、任务完成度
任务完成度是评估考生是否能够清晰、准确地回答题目要求的关键因素。
根据题目的要求,考生需要完成一个或两个完整的段落(取决于考试类型)。
如果考生的回答没有涵盖题目要求的所有要点,或者只回答了部分题目,那么任务的完成度就会受到影响。
二、语言得分
语言得分是评估考生使用语言的流利性和准确性的重要因素。
这包括对语法、拼写和标点符号的准确性的评估。
如果考生的语言能力较差,那么他们的得分就会受到影响。
三、词汇和语法得分
词汇和语法得分是评估考生使用词汇和语法的准确性和丰富性的重要因素。
这包括对高级词汇、短语和语法结构的准确性和适当性的评估。
如果考生的词汇和语法能力较差,那么他们的得分就会受到影响。
四、发展和支持
发展和支持是评估考生在回答中提供详细信息、支持观点的能力的重要因素。
这包括对论证、例子和细节的提供以及观点的逻辑性和连贯性的评估。
如果考生的发展和支持能力较差,那么他们的得分就会受到影响。
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇2.1 金钱原则(MONEY)a tight budget 资金紧张alleviate vt.减轻,使(痛苦等)易于忍受bankrupt n .破产者;adj.破产了的be short of 缺乏beggar n .乞丐burden n..担子,压力,负担;v .担负burn money 浪费钱charity hospital 慈善医院consumption n .消费(量)costly adj.昂贵的,贵重的dear adj.昂贵的destitute adj.穷困的,缺乏的(destitution)economic burden 经济负担economic difficulty 经济困难eligible children 适龄儿童(eligibility)eliminate vt.排除,消除expend vt.花费,消耗,支出expenditure n .花费,支出,消耗expensive adj.花费的,昂贵的finance vt.资助,供给……经费,负担经费;n .财政,金融financial aid 经济资助financial strain 资金紧张,经济压力foreign currency 外汇go broken 破产government revenue 政府税收health care 医疗保健homeless adj.无家的,无家可归的illiteracy n .文盲income n .收入,收益insurance n .保险(单/费)invest v .投资jobless n .失业者;adj.失业的lack n .缺乏,短缺的东西;vt .缺乏laid-off worker 下岗工人limited public funds 有限的公共资金luxurious adj.奢侈的,豪华的miserable adj.痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜的money-consuming 浪费钱的money-oriented 拜金主义的necessity n .必要性,需要,(日常)必需品needy adj.贫困的,缺乏生活必需品的nursing house 敬老院orphanage n .孤儿院overdraft n .透支pauper n .叫花子,乞丐poor adj.贫穷的,可怜的poverty line 贫困线,贫穷线poverty-stricken adj.贫穷/乏的precious adj.宝贵的,贵重的,珍爱的profitable adj.盈利的,有益的,有利可图的run out of 用完,用光,耗尽scarcity n .缺乏,不足shelter n .庇护所,栖身之所;v .掩蔽,躲避shortage n .不足,缺乏squander v.浪费subsidize v .资助,津贴(subsidy; subsidization)taxpayer n .纳税人throw money into thin air 浪费钱valuable adj.贵重的,有价值的welfare n .福利,安宁,幸福,社会安全;adj.福利的2.2 时间原则(TIME)abandon oneself to 沉溺于academic performance 学习表现,学习成绩addictive adj. 上瘾的alluring adj.迷人的,吸引人的,诱惑的a time filler 消磨时间的事物a (great )waste of time and resources 浪费(大量的)时间和资源be obsessed with 沉迷于be wasteful of 浪费detract v .转移;减损;贬低distract v .转移distracting adj.分心的discontinue one's studying 辍学efficiency n .效率,功效induce vt .劝诱,促使,导致,引起limited adj.有限的,狭窄的lure v .引诱misleading adj.易误解的,令人误解的,引人歧途的,骗人的occupy vt .占用pass time 消磨时光productivity n .生产力resist the temptation 抵挡诱惑revel in 着迷,酷爱,纵情于,沉迷于self-discipline n .自律,自我约束self-control n .自控(能力),克己,自制refrain vi./n . 节制,避免,制止restrain vt .抑制,制止rewarding adj.有益的,值得的skip classes 逃课squeeze time 挤时间take up 占用,开始从事time-consuming adj.消耗时间的wallow in 沉溺于wile away the time 消磨时间(wile 诡计,骗人的把戏/ 欺骗,诱惑)2.3 健康原则(HEALTH)a meager diet 素食acute adj.急性的;敏锐;激烈;严重acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎aerobic exercise 有氧运动allergy n .过敏症 (allergic)be physically damaging 有害健康的calcium magnesium 镁化钙cancer-causing n .致癌cancerous adj.癌的carcinogen n .致癌物质carnivorous adj.食肉类的 (carnivore—herbivore/vegetarian—omnivore) chronic adj.慢性的convenience food 方便食品coronary heart disease 冠心病deleterious adj.有害的,有毒的depression n .郁郁(症),沮丧,消沉do harm to one's health 有害健康endanger vt .危及energetic adj.精力充沛的,积极的epidemic n .传染病excessive intake 过量摄入eye irritation 眼睛发炎fatigue n .疲乏,疲劳fitness n .健康fume n .(浓烈或难闻的)烟,气体harmful adj.有毒的,有害的,伤害的hazardous adj.危险的,有害的high fat and calorie 高脂肪和高热量hygiene n .保健法,卫生hypertension n .高血压,过度紧张immune adj.免疫的impair v .削弱,危及 (impairment)incurable disease 绝症indigestion n .消化不良indolent adj.小痛的无痛的;顽性的恢复缓慢的;懒惰的 (indolence)infectious disease 传染病insomnia an .失眠(症)amnesia n.健忘症euthanasia安乐死jog n .慢跑junk food 垃圾食品,无营养食品lose weight 减肥malady n .疾病;不正之风malnutrition n .营养失调,营养不良morbid adj.病态的,不正常的myopia n.近视;缺乏远见 =short-sightedness/ nearsightedness hyperopia/hypermetropia n. 远视neurotic adj.神经质的nocuous adj.有害的,有毒的nourishment n .食物,营养品noxious adj.有害的=toxicoily food 油腻食物organ transplant 器官移植overweight n.超重pernicious adj.有害的;致命的pernicious anemia 恶性贫血poisonous adj.有毒的prevention n .预防,防止psychological pressure 心理压力radiation n .辐射,放射线remedy n .疗法sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式sore throat 喉咙发炎,喉咙疼stroke n .中风symptom n .[医]症状,征兆tiredness n .疲劳,疲倦toxic gas 有毒气体tranquillizer n .镇静药tuberculosis n .肺结核tumor n .瘤vegetarian n .素食者; adj.素食的vigorous adj.精力旺盛的,有力的健壮的virus n .病毒,毒害vitamin C 维生素Cweariness n .疲倦,厌烦,疲劳wholesome adj.健康的,有益的cure v .治愈,治疗; n .治愈,痊愈treatment n .治疗,处理,对待2.4 情感原则(EMOTION)abandoned adj.被抛弃的,自甘堕落的,没有约事的abuse n .虐待,辱骂;v .滥用,虐待,辱骂affectionate adj.充满深情的,挚爱的alienate v .疏远anxiety n .忧虑,焦急,渴望,热望apartness n .冷漠,孤独apathy n .缺乏感情或兴趣,冷漠break up 破碎,分裂,结束brutal adj.残酷的cheerful adj.愉快的,高兴的congenial adj.性格相似的,适意的deserted adj.为人所弃的desolation n .孤独,凄凉devoted adj.投入的,深爱的distance n .疏远的,距离,远离divorce n .离婚emotion n .情绪,情感,感情emotional needs 感情需求estrangement n .疏远(estrange)extra-marital affairs 婚外恋faithful adj.守信的,忠实的,可靠的friendly adj.友好的ignore vt .不理睬,忽视indifferent adj.冷漠的inhospitable adj.冷淡的,不好客的inhospitality n .冷淡,不和气,冷漠introverted adj.内向的,含蓄的introvert n. (extroverted; extrovert) isolated adj.孤独的,孤单的,隔离的,孤立的loyal adj.忠诚的,忠心的maltreat v t .虐待misunderstanding n .误会,误解neglect vt./n .忽视,疏忽nonchalance n .冷淡; 漠不关心(nonchalant)optimist n .乐天派,乐观者pessimistic adj.悲观的,厌世的refreshing adj.令人精神爽快的resentment n .怨恨,愤恨restful adj.宁静的romantic adj.浪漫的,空想的,夸大的sincerity n .诚挚,真实,真挚stable adj.稳定的stoniness n .冷漠; 一名不文strained adj.紧张的superior adj.高傲的,出众的;n .长者,高手,上级turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻,置若罔闻unconcern n .漫不经心,冷淡,不关心unsociable adj.不爱交际的warm-hearted adj.热心的wear a long face 拉长着脸withdrawn adj.性格内向的,孤独的world-weary adj.厌世的2.5 智力与教育原则(INTELLECT AND EDUCATION) ability of expression 表达能力acumen n .敏锐,洞察力(business/ financial/ political~) adept adj.熟练的,拿手的appreciate vt .赏识,鉴赏assessment n.评价,估价book worm 书虫brain n .智力,脑髓brightness n .聪明,智慧bring into the talents 发挥才干clumsiness n .笨拙computer literacy 计算机知识creative adj.创造性的creativity n .创造力,创造criterion n .标准discernment n .识别力,洞察力(discern; discernible) excel v .优于,优秀,胜过他人experience n ./vt .经验,体验,经历,阅历experienced adj.富有经验的explore v .探险,探究,开发fantastic adj.幻想的,荒谬的,空想的genius n .天才,天赋high-quality adj.高质量的idealism n .理想主义illogical adj.缺乏逻辑的imagination n .想象(力)individuality n .个性,个人的特性ingenious adj.机灵的,有创造力的inherence n .(性质等的)内在,固有,天赋innate adj.天生的,与生俱来的inquisitive adj.好追根究底的,好奇的(inquire) insight n.洞察力,见识instinct n .直觉,本能instinctive adj.本能的instructive adj.有意义的,在教育性的intellect n .智力intellectual adj.理智的,知识的intellectuality n .智力,知性intelligence quotient 智商IQ Emotional Quotient learned person 知识渊博的人literacy n .有文化,在教养,在读写能力master vt .精通,掌握mediocrity n .平庸(的人)(mediocre)mental growth 智力发展mold v .塑造narrow-minded adj.思想狭隘的nature n .本性,天性nonsensical adj.无意义的,荒谬的observation n .观察,观测perception n.洞察力,感知,理解perspective n .观点,看法,观点potential adj.潜在的,可能的;n .潜能,潜力prodigy n .天才(特指神童)promote vt .促进,发扬,推广,宣传,提升,提拔,晋升为put into great play 充分发挥quality education 素质教育savor n .滋味,风味,体验,品味shrewd adj.精明的sophisticated adj.复杂的,老练的,世故的stimulate vt .刺激,激励survival ability 生存能力tactful adj.机智的,得体的; 老练圆滑talented adj.有才能的technology-dependent adj.依赖科技的tele-education n .远程教育thinking pattern 思维模式utilitarian adj.功利的,实利的,功利主义的wisdom n .智慧,明智的行为,学识,至理名言wit n .智力,才智,智慧2.6 心理原则(PSYCHOLOGY)abnormality n .异常,例外aggressive adj.好斗的,敢作敢为的,有闯劲的,侵略性的alleviate stress 缓解压力arrogant adj.傲慢的,自大的aspiring adj.有抱负的,有雄心的behavior n .行为,举止brittle adj.脆弱的complacent adj.自满的,自鸣得意的complacency n. contented adj.心满足的cowardly adj.胆小的craven n .懦夫,胆小鬼,怯懦者;adj.怯懦的,畏缩的,胆小的curmudgeon n .坏脾气的人, 乖戾的老人devotion n .热爱,投入disrespectful adj.失礼的,无礼的ego n .自我,利已主义embarrass vt .使困窘,使局促不安envious adj.嫉妒的extrovert n .性格外向者introvert n.性格内向者frail adj.脆弱的idiosyncrasy n .(心理)特异品质,气质,习性;表现手法,风格indifference n .不感兴趣,漠不关心insatiable adj.不知足的,贪得无厌的irritable adj.易怒的lonesome adj.孤单的,寂寞的mad adj.疯狂的melancholy adj.忧郁的mentality n .智力,精神,心理,思想情况nervous adj.神经紧张的,不安的nervous breakdown 神经失常out of control 失去理智的,控制不了的out-going adj.外向的pessimism n .悲观(主义)proper pride 自尊心psychology n .心理学,心理状态rational adj.理性的,合理的snobbish adj.势利的solitary adj.孤独的sorrow n..悲伤superstitious adj.迷信的temperamental adj.喜怒无常的timid adj.胆小的,羞怯的unrealistic adj.不切实际的,不实在的2.7权利原则(RIGHTS)abolish vt .废止,废除(法律,制度,习俗等)abortion n .流产,堕胎accuse vt .指责animals rights advocate n .动物权益保护者ban n .禁令;vt .禁止,取缔(书刊等)bereave vt .剥夺,使失去be bereft of 失去,丧失,被剥夺blackout n.新闻封锁,广播中断;断电,灯火管制;暂时意识丧失,一时晕眩capital punishment 死刑censorship n .审查机构,审查制度civil right 民权collectivism n .集体主义(思想)confidential adj.秘密的constitute vt .制定(法律)consumers 'association 消委会copyright n .版权delinquent n .失职者,违法者adj.有过失的,违法的juvenile delinquency demand as one's due 视为……的权利deprive vt .剥夺,使丧失ofdistortion n .歪曲,扭曲enact vt .制定法律,颁布enjoy the freedom 享受自由enjoy the privacy 享受个人空间establishment n .确立,制定euthanasia n .安乐死= mercy killingfair- minded adj. 公正的fight for the freedom 为自由而战forbid vt .禁止,不许force n .被迫,经历,魄力;vt .强制,强加freedom of speech 言论自由human rights 人权humanistic adj. 人道主义的inalienable a. 不可剥夺的,不能让与的alienate转让alienator转让人alienee受让人individualistic adj.个人主义的interference n .冲突,干涉intermeddle vt .干涉,管闲事meddle (in)= interfereintervene vi.干涉,干预,介入intimate adj.亲密的invade v .侵犯,侵害inviolable adj.神圣的jurisdiction n .审判权,管辖权,司法权jurisprudence法学,法律学just adj.公正的justified adj.合情合理的liberation n .解放,释放liberty n .自由,特权licit adj.合法的,正当的illicitlimit n .限制;vt .限制litigate v.起诉litigant诉讼当事人litigation n. indict[inˈdait] v.起诉控告指控indictment n.misbirth n .流产,堕胎monopoly n .垄断oppression n .压迫oust of 剥夺,撤职,驱逐,撵走privacy n .独处而不受干扰,秘密,隐私prohibit vt .禁止,阻止right of subsistence 生命权subsist 供给食物,维持生活,生存,供养righteous adj.正直的,正当的,正义的rightful adj.公正的set down 制定set free 释放social security 社会保障,社会保险stress n .重压,压力stringent adj.严厉的,迫切的,严格的unprejudiced adj.公平的,无偏见的,没有成见的violate vt .违犯,亵渎(圣物),违反violation n .违反,侵害,违背political constraint 政治的压力military service 兵役2.8 环保原则(ENVIRONMENT)accessible adj.易接近的,可到达的acid n .酸性物质anthropologist n.人类学家anthropology n.antiseptic n ./a. 防腐剂,杀菌剂septic a. 受感染的,腐败的; 败血症的atmospheric pollution 大气污染available adj.可利用的,有用的be exhausted 被耗尽的beautification n .美化,装饰begrimed adj.污秽的begrime v. grime n/v 污垢弄污biodegradable adj.生物所能分解的degradable a.可降解的blameworthy adj.应受谴责的bucolic adj.田园的,农村生活的n 土包子rustic 乡村的粗野的淳朴的cancer n .癌chemical-waste 化工废料cityscape n .都市风景landscape n.condition n .条件,环境congest v .使密集,拥塞conserve vt.保护,保存,保藏contaminant n .致污物,污染物contaminate v.污染convenient adj.便利的,方便的depersonalization n . 使变得失去人性,使变得漠然dehumanization n. durable adj.持久的,耐用的ecological balance 生态平衡ecological system 生态系统ecology n .生态学emit n .排放endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种energy shortage 能源短缺environment n..环境,生态环境,自然环境environmentalist n .环境保护论者,环境论者environmentally friendly 环保友好的exhaust vt .用尽,耗尽;vi.排气;n.废气food chain 食物链food pollution 食品污染fume n .烟garbage n .垃圾,废物gene n .基因globalization n .全球一体化illaudable a.应受谴责的laudable=praiseworthy值得称赞laud, laudatory title美称illegal adj.违法的,不合规定的incinerator n .焚化装置,焚化炉incinerate焚化毁弃irreparable harm 不能弥补的伤害junk n .垃圾landscape n .风景landslip n .山泥倾泻滑坡土崩landslide 山崩压倒性胜利light pollution 光污染meteorologist n .气象学家meteor大气现象,流行meteorology气象学meteoric大气的,流星的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipality自治市市当局municipal sewage 城市污水optimize the environment 尽可能改善工作环境overpass n .立交桥pastoral adj.田园生活的,乡村的pesticide n .农药picturesque adj.迷人的preserve vt .保护,保存radioactivity n .放射性rare animal 稀有动物rarity n .稀有recyclable adj.可循环的rubbish n .垃圾,废物ruin v .(使)堕落,毁灭,毁掉smelly adj.发臭的,有臭味的soil erosion 水土流失erosion腐蚀侵蚀磨损减少soil pollution 土壤污染spoil vt.损坏,扰乱,宠坏,溺爱,搞糟squalid adj.肮脏的stain n .污点,瑕疵;v.染污,沾污stink v .发出臭味subsistence n .生存,生活surroundings n .环境tar n .焦油toxic chemical 有毒化学品traffic jam 交通阻塞trash n .无价值之物,垃圾,废物white trash穷苦白人,贫穷白人的后裔trashy a. tunnel n.隧道,地道unbearable adj.无法忍受的,承受不住的unspoiled adj.未被毁坏的vegetation n .植被,植物,蔬菜ventilation n .通风;用新鲜空气净化ventilate使通风公开讨论vicious circle恶性循环virtuous circle 良性循环waste gas 废气wastewater n .废气water body pollution 水体污染wild animal 野生动物wilderness n . 荒野,荒地wildlife n .野生动植物worsen v .(使)变得更坏,恶化,损害2.9文化与传统原则(CULTURE AND TRADITION)aboriginal culture 土著(原来的)文化aborigines n.土著居民aboriginal language 土著语言absorb the quintessence 吸取精华quintessence典型完美榜样精华第五元素quint aesthetic value 美学价值aesthetic adj.美学的,审美的ancestor n . 祖先,祖宗ancient adj.古代的,远古的antiquated idea 陈旧观念=outdatedarcheologist n .考古学家artistic value 艺术价值be on the way to extinction接近灭绝的边缘be passed down 传递be proud of 感到骄傲be under threat of extinction 处于灭绝的境地bequeath v .遗留,传下brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化calligraphy n .书法carry forward 发扬光大推进celebrated adj.著名的characteristic adj.特有的,典型的;n .特性,特征cherish vt.珍视,珍爱,怀抱(希望等)harbor心怀(怨恨)civilization n .文明,文化,文明社会civilized adj.开化了的,文明的,文明社会clever blend of traditional and modern 传统与现代的巧妙结合colorless adj.无色的,无趣味的comic dialogue 相声costume n .服装,装束cradle of culture 文化摇篮cross-talk n . 相声cultivate v .培养,养成cultural assimilation 文化同化cultural background 文化背景cultural habit 文化习惯cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化特性cultural institution 文化机构cultural legacy 文化遗产cultural object and historic relic 文化古迹diverse culture 多元化的文化diversity n .差异,多样性dominant language 主流的语言embroidery n .刺绣品,刺绣,装饰endangered language 濒临灭绝的语言ethnic and cultural identity 民族文化特色folk art 民间艺术forced assimilation 强迫同化gallery n .戏院,美术陈列室,画廊genre n .流派globalization of culture 文化全球一体化great and profound 博大精深的hindrance n .妨碍,障碍without let or hindrance 无阻碍的historic relic 历史文物homogenous world culture 同一的世界文化homogenize 使均匀使一致identity n .民族特点,国家特色immortal adj.不朽的impediment n .妨碍,阻碍imperishable adj.不朽的in danger 处于危险之中in vogue 正时兴,正在流行indigenous language 本土语言indigenize 使本土化本国化ingrain notion 根深蒂固的看法ingrain v.使根深蒂固生染a.染色的根深蒂固的ingrained in language extinction 语言消亡language loss 语言消失language preservation 语言保护linguistic diversity 语言多元化living heirloom 传家宝mainstream lifestyle 主流生活方式minority language 少数民族语言minority people 少数民族mother tongue 母语national estrangement 民族隔阂national identity 民族特性national pride 民族自豪感national unity 民族团结native language 母语obsolete adj.过时的,废弃的,陈旧的obstacle n .障碍,妨害物obstruction n .阻塞,妨碍,障碍物old-fashioned adj.过时的open-minded adj.思想开放的opera n.歌剧out of fashion 不流行的outmoded adj.过时的out-of-date adj.过时的outside influence 外来影响paper-cuttin g n .剪纸patron n .赞助人place of interest 名胜古迹prime n..精华;adj.首要的puppet show 木偶剧quintessence n .精萃,精华,典范reject the dross and assimilate the essence 剔除糟粕,吸取精华remains n .遗迹reservation n .保留,保护sculpture n ./v.雕刻,雕塑sense of belonging 归属感shame n .羞耻,羞愧small ethnic group 少数民族sociology n .社会学splendid adj.壮丽的,辉煌的,极好的spread v .传播state of endangerment 濒危的状态stylish adj.时髦的,漂亮的,流行的superficial adj.表面的,肤浅的,浅薄的take pride in 以……为荣temple n .寺庙traditional cultural education 传统文化教育traditional culture 传统文化transform vt .转换,改变,转化,变换,改造transmit vt.传输,发射,传播treasure n .财富,财产;v .珍爱,爱惜tribal tradition 种族传统tribe n .部落unique adj.惟一的,独特的unorthodox adj.非正统的orthodoxvanish vi.消失,突然不见的variety n .多样性,品种,种类,变化vessel of communication 交流的工具war and genocide战争和种族大屠杀ethnic cleansing种族清洗种族灭绝wave of cultural globalization 文化全球一体化的浪潮wisdom n .智慧woodcarving n .木雕2.10 道德与犯罪原则(MORALITY AND CRIME)abuse ,neglect and delinquency 虐待,忽视,行为不良addiction n .沉溺,上瘾adolescent adj.青春期的,青春的;n .青少年affection n .友爱,爱情,影响aggressive behavior 进攻性行为anomaly n .不规则,异常的人或物anomalous a.antisocial adj.不擅社交的,反社会的armed robbery 持械抢劫arson n .纵火,纵火罪avenge oneself on 向……报仇,向……进行报复be charged with 被指控犯罪be guilty of 有罪be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀bully n .欺凌弱小者;vt .威吓,威逼burglary v .入室行窃burglar n.child abuse 摧殘儿童,虐待儿童confidence ,self-esteem and life skills 信心,自信和生活技能copy n.模仿,仿效curiosity n .好奇(心)degenerate v .退化,恶化,堕落deprivation n .剥夺, 丧失depravity n. 堕落, 恶习depraved adj.堕落的,邪恶的detrimental adj.有害的(to)=damaging to the detriment of=resulting in harm/damage to differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非domestic violence 家庭暴力drug addict 吸毒者drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精dupe n .易受骗的人,易受愚弄的人;vt .欺骗,愚弄duplicity n. duplicitous a. egocentric person 自私自利的人emotional adj.情绪的,情感的evil adj.邪恶的;n .邪恶,罪恶fall a victim to 成为……的牺牲品follow like sheep 盲从go astray 误入歧途guilty adj.犯罪的,有罪的,内疚的inexperience n .无经验,不熟练,缺乏处世之道或知识inexperienced adj.无经验的,不熟练的intervention n .干涉juvenile adj.青少年的material comforts 物质享受monitoring and supervision 监管morally corrupt 道德败坏的naive adj.天真的,幼稚的negative role model 负面榜样obsession n .迷住,困扰offender n .罪犯,冒犯者,犯法者offensive material 不恰当的材料,不雅材料parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容peer influence 同伴的影响peer pressure 来自同龄人的压力perpetrator n .犯罪者,作恶者personality trait 性格特征perverted adj.不正当的pervert v.误入歧途physical abuse 体罚pornographic adj.色情的,色情作品的poverty n .贫穷,贫困pregnancy n .怀孕primp v .<美>(过分讲究地)打扮,装饰proper guidance 恰当的指引prostitution n .卖淫,堕落,滥用respect n./v. 尊敬,敬重,尊重retaliate v .报复retaliatory a.risky behavior 危险的行为self-centered adj.自我为中心的sequacious adj.盲从的, 前后一贯的sexual harassment 性骚扰single-parent family 单亲家庭sinister adj.险恶的,邪恶的,罪恶的,不祥的spoiled adj.宠坏的strengthen the family ties 增强家庭感情substance abuse 滥用毒品take fantasy for reality 把虚幻当现实take vengeance on 报仇thievery n .偷窃trusting adj.信任的,信赖的unwed mother 未婚妈妈upbringing n .抚育,教养victim n.受害人,牺牲品victimization n .受害,牺牲,欺骗violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲。
雅思写作逻辑链
雅思写作逻辑链雅思写作的逻辑链是指在文章中,通过清晰有序的思路和逻辑结构来表达观点和论证。
以下是一个常见的雅思写作逻辑链的结构:1. 引言(Introduction):•引出主题:引起读者兴趣,提出写作的中心主题。
•明确立场:清晰陈述你对于这个主题的立场或观点。
2. 主体段落(Body Paragraphs):•主题句(Topic Sentence):•每个主体段落的第一句,明确该段落的中心思想。
•支持句(Supporting Sentences):•提供论据、事例、统计数据等来支持主题句。
•解释/分析(Explanation/Analysis):•解释支持句与主题句之间的关系,展开对观点的深入分析。
•过渡句(Transitional Sentences):•在段落之间建立联系,确保思路流畅。
3. 对立观点(Counter-argument):•提出可能存在的对立观点或反驳意见。
•针对对立观点进行反驳,强化自己的立场。
4. 结论(Conclusion):•总结主要观点:重述你在文章中提出的主要观点。
•提出建议或展望未来:对主题进行展望,或者提出解决问题的建议。
5. 注意事项:•一致性(Consistency):•确保整个文章中的观点和论据是一致的。
•连贯性(Coherence):•使用连接词和过渡词确保段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间的关系紧密。
•清晰性(Clarity):•表达清晰,语言简练,避免歧义。
例子:引言: In recent years, the issue of climate change has become a topic of global concern. While some argue that human activities are the primary cause of the current environmental crisis, others believe that natural factors play a more significant role.主体段落1: The rise in global temperatures is largely attributed to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels. According to a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon emissions from human sources have increased by 50% in the past two decades. This evidence strongly supports the view that human actions are contributing significantly to climate change.主体段落2:However, it is essential to consider the role of natural factors in climate fluctuations. Historical data reveals that the Earth has undergone periods of warming and cooling long before the industrial revolution. Natural events such as volcanic eruptions and solar activity have also played a crucial role in shaping the Earth's climate over millions of years.对立观点: Some critics argue that the current emphasis on reducing carbon emissions is misplaced, as they believe that natural climate cycles are the primary drivers of global warming. While it is true that natural factors contribute, overwhelming scientific consensus supports the idea that human activities have accelerated and intensified these natural processes.结论: In conclusion, while natural factors undoubtedly influence the Earth's climate, the overwhelming evidence supports the notion that human activities are the primary driver of current climate change. It is imperative that we take immediate and decisive action to mitigate the impact of human-induced environmental damage and work towards a sustainable future.。
雅思写作必备高分技巧
雅思写作必备高分技巧雅思写作想得高分,这些技巧不行不知道,今日我就给大家带来了雅思写作高分技巧,希望能够关怀到大家,下面我就和大家共享,来欣赏一下吧。
雅思写作想得高分这些技巧不行不知道一.词汇的问题很多同学在雅思写作的时候都会背很多高难的词汇,但这并不是雅思评分标准的核心。
他们想要知道的是你有没有精准的用到了这些词,把认识的词汇进行稳固了解才是真理。
如何做到这些呢,把6级词汇和雅思词汇拿出来,你会看到很多你认识的词,但真要说到用法,还是有很多不确定。
把这些单词整理下来,用例子和语义重新梳理一遍。
二.拓展词汇在做到精准的用词之后,就可以想想拓展词汇事情。
雅思写作的题材是特殊固定的,分类题材,在每一个分类里面找出常用的词汇。
背诵范文只是一个步骤,最关键的是在每个题材下面练习写一篇自己的文章,里面用到这些语句和词汇,仔细斟酌是否有用对这个词。
三.论述的重要性一篇文章写完最重要的是有没有自己的观点和认识,这也是雅思索官很看中的一个方面。
这时候论述的策论就很重要了,要考虑到扣题,也要考虑到完善的扩展连接自己观点。
这点对于词汇句式相对较好的人是要重点突破的一关,也是7分和6.5的分水岭。
2021年7月21日雅思写作真题回忆及范文题目为Some businesses find that new employees who just finish their education lack basic interpersonal ability such as work with others as a part of team.雅思小作文类型:流程图题目The diagram shows the how recycled paper is made雅思大作文类型:社会类题目:Some businesses find that new employees who just finish their education lack basic interpersonal ability such as work with others as a part of team.What do you think the causes of this problem?And how to solve this?范文来自雅思哥:Despite the high level of knowledge, employers today have found that their new employees lack basic interpersonal skills needed in an office environment. This essay will analyze the main reason leading to the problem and offer some potential solutions to it.People with interpersonal skills are the people who can vary how they act and what they contribute. They notice the strengths and weaknesses of their group, and they adapt. However, schools and colleges or universities have failed to equip students with such applied skills. Instead, students are encouraged to focus on their academic subjects exclusively, because they are only evaluated by their academic performance which is essential to receiving an academic qualification. Unfortunately, many of them have turned into information recipients who acquire the knowledge in a passive way without truly developing abilities and skills required in today s job market. For high schools, educators should think more about how students are learning, rather than just what they are learning. Teaching should reflect the richnessof real-life interactions, and to give students experience in the kinds of settings that are going to be useful to them when they leave school. Assignments and curricula should integrate opportunities to work collaboralively. Group projects, for example, are valuable learning opportunities.In the higher education sphere, professors and administrators should encourage students to seek out real-world experiences. Colleges and universities could ask students to work cotlaboratively in the classroom and pursue internships and volunteer opportunities outside of it. Students should also look for critical growth opportunities within their extracurncular activities, rather than just viewing them as resume-fillers.To conclude, jobs requiring high levels of social interaction are growing. In order to help graduates better prepare for their future career, changes should be considered in the education system.雅思写作精简之道长难句请绕路雅思写作精简建议一:避开空洞的单词和词组1.一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关或重要的信息,完全可以删掉。
雅思大作文重点题型解题攻略
雅思大作文重点题型解题攻略雅思写作考试大作文中,经常会要求大家描述是否同意所给出的观点,有时候也会出现讨论类的题型。
接下来小编为大家介绍一下雅思写作考试重点题型的解题攻略,希望能帮助我们提高雅思写作分数,进行更全面的备考。
雅思大作文重点题型解题攻略1、愿意不同意型愿意不同意便是在方框中最终一段会显示信息“to what extent(有多大的水平) do you agree or disagree”.有时将会不容易显示信息“do you agree or disagree”,可是要是见到“to what extent”,基础后边跟的便是对方框內容的改变.愿意不同意的优秀作文有3种写法.假如你愿意方框内的观点,那麼给2-三个主体段,表明“unpaid community service be a compulsory part of high school programme”有哪些益处,并进行2-3句表述 .这时开头结尾必须彻底说明你十分愿意这一观点.假如你不同意方框内的观点,那麼给 2-三个主体段 ,表明“unpaid community service be a compulsory part of high school programme”为何不太好,并进行2-3句表述 .这时开头结尾必须彻底说明你十分不赞同这一观点.大部分,新手们搞不懂许多得以支撑点论点论据的原因得话,能够采用这类保持中立的写法,表明这一观点具有好的,也是有不太好的.去除开头结尾,这类保持中立写法一共是两个主体段,每一个主题风格段最少两个论点论据 .第一个主题风格段表明“unpaid community service be a compulsory part of high school programme”有哪些益处 .因此主体段1:益处1, 进行3句表述益处2,进行3句表述.随后另一个主题风格段可以说:虽然你认为有益处,可是这类作法還是有一些地区并不是非常好.随后表明一下哪一方面不太好:不好一,2-3句表述不好2,2-3句表述.这时开始能够说明“你认为这一观点有所不同”,随后末尾严格执行“这一观点有所不同”.之上是彻底不疾不徐型的作法.这类作法你的末尾只需严格执行有所不同就可以了.自然,即便是保持中立,你也能够有一定的偏重 ,例如你将会感觉方框中的观点益处更多一些.如果是那样的话,你能给优势的主体段写长一些,或是将这一主体段一拆为二,变为两个主体段,每一个主体段写一个论点论据.随后写缺陷的主体段就只留一个,可是缺陷的主体段還是必须两个论点论据,但是你能无须写的那麼长.这时开始说明“你认为这一观点有所不同”, 末尾严格执行“这一观点有所不同”,可是你觉得这一观点益处更多一些 .(假如你更偏重好药方)如同那样:开始:观点有所不同主体段1:优势--优势1 论述主体段2:优势2 论述主体段3:缺陷--缺陷1 论述,缺陷2 论述末尾:观点有所不同,益处大量假如你偏重不太好的一方,那麼就把缺陷的主体段写长,优势的主体段减少,随后末尾改为你觉得这一观点弊端大量.2、多边探讨型说白了“多边探讨”,在方框内最终一段显示信息的便是“discuss both views and give your opinion”,而方框内想要你探讨的內容必定是有二种观点,即赞同派和反对党.碰到这类种类的优秀作文,二种观点你务必都探讨,要是没有写到在其中一种,“ Task response ”这一项会罚分.针对得出的观点,你能表达彻底赞同,还可以只赞同在其中一部分 ,而另一部分抵制.大部分2个观点中有一个观点或多或少都一些并不是很恰当的地区 .因此,去除开头结尾:第一个主体段 ,表明某一个观点中赞同或不赞同的层面.第2个主体段 ,表明另一个观点中赞同或不赞同的层面.第三个主体段 ,实际表明自身的观点 .假如自身的观点与某一方的观点合乎,那麼能够将自身的观点融进进来,将你愿意的观点变为两个主体段,随后撤销独立表明自身观点的主体段 .如果你觉得这二种观点与你的观点都一些并不是很合乎的地区,那麼你能在第三个主体段实际表明自身的观点 .例如上边这一事例:你读题的情况下毫无疑问会想:最好是的方法是提升体育设备吗?毫无疑问,体育设备的提升是能够提高身心健康,可是是最好是的方法吗?应当并不是的.因此第一个主体段你可以写“体育设备的提升是能够提高身心健康”这一论点论据,随后得出 2-3语句表述.随后第2个主体段中反驳“体育设备的提升并不是最好是的方法”这类观点,得出 2-3语句实际表明为何.(这时表明了第二种观点) 第三个主体段举例说明表明“也有别的提升身心健康的方法”.(这时表明了第二种观点)开始能够复述这二种人的观点,还可以立即说明自身的观点 . 末尾则务必说明自身的观点 .大部分这就是多边探讨的整体方式.3、多种问与答型多种问与答实际上是问与答的全新升级(这类作文类型经常包括“是啥缘故有哪些对策处理”这类问与答组成).针对这类种类的文章内容,去除开头结尾, 第一个主体段写第一个难题 ,第2个主体段写第二个难题就可以.开始只需简易表明第一个难题就可以.例如这一事例,你可以说:“There are a lot of factors may contribute to job satisfaction.”(筱槿写的是非常简单的书写,考試的情况下不可以像筱槿那样彻底照搬)雅思写作:大作文首段的三要素要素之一: Restatement of the Topic大作文的题目都会给出相关情景或话题,在首段中应先对题目中的情景或话题进行展开。
环球雅思名师介绍
环球雅思名师介绍环球雅思名师啊,那可都是雅思学子们逐梦路上的超强助力者呢。
就说那教听力的张老师吧。
他呀,就像一个听力世界的寻宝人,带着学生们在雅思听力的宝藏堆里挖掘。
他对雅思听力的各种题型研究得透透彻彻,不管是那些让人头疼的选择题,还是像绕口令一样的填空题,在他眼里就像小孩子的把戏。
他有一个本事,能把那些听起来毫无头绪的听力原文,转化成一个个有趣的小故事。
记得有个学生老是在地图题上栽跟头,张老师就把那些地图题里的地点啊,想象成一个武侠世界里的各个门派。
学生听着就觉得特别有意思,注意力一下子就集中起来了,再做地图题的时候,就像在这个武侠世界里畅游,轻松就能找到正确的地点。
你说,这样的老师是不是特别厉害?这就好比在黑暗中给你点亮了一盏明灯,一下子就把路给你照亮了。
再讲讲教阅读的李老师。
她简直是阅读速度的魔法师。
雅思阅读的文章又长又复杂,对很多学生来说就像一座座难以翻越的大山。
可李老师不一样,她能迅速地抓住文章的关键信息,就像一只敏锐的老鹰在草丛里一眼就能发现猎物。
她给学生传授的阅读技巧那可是相当实用。
她会告诉学生,阅读文章的时候不要每个字都去抠,要像渔夫捕鱼一样,先把大鱼捞起来,那些小虾米(次要信息)可以先放一放。
她经常会举一些特别接地气的例子,像去菜市场买菜,你肯定是先挑那些你最需要的菜,而不是在一堆菜里挨个仔细研究。
有个学生以前做阅读总是时间不够用,经过李老师的教导后,就像换了一个人似的,阅读速度蹭蹭上涨,还能保证准确率。
这难道不是一位优秀教师的魅力所在吗?还有教写作的王老师。
他是那种能把枯燥的写作变得充满乐趣的人。
雅思写作要求逻辑清晰、语言准确,这对很多学生来说就像要攀登珠穆朗玛峰一样困难。
王老师呢,他就像一个建筑大师,教学生如何构建自己的作文大厦。
他会从最基础的词汇选择开始,告诉学生有些词就像粗糙的砖头,而有些词就像精美的玉石,要学会挑选合适的“建筑材料”。
在文章结构方面,他会用一些简单易懂的比喻,比如说作文的框架就像人的骨架,没有一个好的骨架,人就站不直,作文也一样,没有好的结构,内容再好也会散架。
英语写作的七原则
写作的“七项基本原则”一、长短句原则工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。
而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。
否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。
可毕竟还是条理清楚。
考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。
九分学长雅思写作讲义
九分学长雅思写作讲义
1. 内容涵盖:
九分学长雅思写作讲义可能会包括对于雅思写作任务1和任务2的详细讲解。
对于任务1,讲义可能会介绍如何描述图表、流程图、地图等不同类型的数据,并给出范例和写作技巧。
对于任务2,讲义可能会涵盖不同类型的题目,如讨论型、观点对比型、问题解决型等,以及如何构思和组织文章结构。
2. 写作技巧:
讲义可能会介绍一些写作技巧,比如如何避免常见的语法错误、如何使用丰富多样的词汇和句式结构、如何进行段落间的衔接等。
此外,还可能包括如何在有限的时间内高效地完成写作任务,以及如何提高写作的逻辑性和连贯性等方面的建议。
3. 范文解析:
九分学长雅思写作讲义可能会提供一些高分范文的解析,分析范文的优点之处,比如论点的合理性、论证的充分性、语言的表
达准确性等,帮助考生了解什么样的表达方式和思路可以得到高分。
4. 常见题型分析:
讲义可能会对雅思写作常见的题型进行分析,比如环境类、
教育类、社会类等,指导考生如何应对不同类型的题目,以及如何
找到合适的论据和例子支撑自己的观点。
总的来说,九分学长雅思写作讲义是一份全面系统的教学材料,旨在帮助考生全面提高雅思写作的能力,从而取得更好的成绩。
希
望这些信息能对你有所帮助。
雅思写作评分标准细则
雅思写作评分标准细则
雅思写作考试评分标准体现在4个方面,即内容,语言,组织性与结构。
具体评分标
准可以分为小标准,如单词的准确性或句子的复杂性,大标准,如内容的全面性或文章的
总体架构,以及视角高度。
1.内容
内容方面,考生所写的文章应有良好的理论基础,能够支持文章中所谓的观点及主体
内容,并符合题目要求、主题陈述及理论论点,尽可能全面地支持所提出的观点、内容等。
2.语言
与语言方面,学生应当使用恰当的单词,使用的单词的准确性和精准性需要有所体现;此外,还要考虑到句子的复杂性,使用正确的词性,并遵守正确的句子结构;在句式构成
方面,除了能够遵循一定句式之外,要注意句子的多样性,尽量做到既简单又灵活。
3.组织性与结构
关于文章的组织性与结构,在文章开头和结尾要落实清晰,每一段之间应该有明显的
过渡衔接,实现文章的有效组织;并且注意到文章的全面性,有意识的保证文章高度的视
角与方向,把内容连接紧密,阐述完整,表达地道清晰。
总而言之,雅思写作考试评分标准有别于其他考试类型,考生需要通过增强自己的写
作能力,完善文章的结构与组织,重视单词的准确性以及句子的复杂化,有意识的提升文
章的视角高度,最终能够达到良好的考试成绩。
雅思写作中的论证方法和写作结构有哪些
雅思写作中的论证方法和写作结构有哪些写作是雅思考试中的重要部分,无论是学术写作还是一般性写作,都需要我们掌握一些基本的论证方法和写作结构。
本文将介绍一些常用的雅思写作论证方法和写作结构,帮助大家提升写作能力。
一、论证方法1. 比较对照法比较对照法是一种常用的论证方法,在写作中通常会将两个或多个对象进行比较,并指出它们的相似之处或不同之处。
比较对照法能够帮助我们更好地理解问题,加深思考,并给读者呈现一个全面的画面。
2. 举例法举例法是指通过具体的例子或实际情况来支持论点。
在写作中,我们可以从个人经验、历史事件、科学研究等方面找到相关的例子,用以增强论证的可信度和说服力。
3. 递进法递进法是指通过层层递进的方式来展开论证。
写作中,我们可以从一些基本的概念、事实或观点开始,然后逐渐深入,逐步展开论证,使论点更具说服力。
4. 引用法引用法是指引用权威人士或研究机构的观点或数据来支持论点。
在写作中,我们可以引用一些权威的研究报告、学术论文或专家的观点,以加强自己的观点。
二、写作结构1. 三段论结构三段论结构是比较常见的写作结构,分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。
引言部分主要用来引入话题,引起读者的兴趣;正文部分展开论点,提出论证和论据;结论部分总结全文,给出自己的观点和建议。
2. 四段论结构四段论结构相比于三段论结构,多了一个比较或对比的部分。
在正文部分,我们可以加入一个段落用来比较或对比两个或多个对象,并指出其异同,加深读者对论题的理解。
3. 结果论证结构结果论证结构是一种常用的写作结构,适用于需要说明原因和结果的场景。
这种结构可以分为两个部分:原因部分和结果部分。
原因部分用来阐述问题的原因,结果部分用来说明问题的结果。
4. 因果论证结构因果论证结构是指通过阐述某个事物或现象的原因和结果之间的因果关系来展开论证。
在写作中,我们可以先阐述问题的原因,然后再阐述这些原因引起的结果,来加强论点的说服力。
通过学习和掌握这些常用的论证方法和写作结构,我们可以更好地进行雅思写作,使文章更具逻辑性和说服力。
新东方雅思写作讲义
新东方雅思写作讲义新东方雅思写作讲义第一部分:写作基础知识介绍(500字)1. 什么是雅思写作?雅思写作是雅思考试的一项重要组成部分,涵盖了一系列的写作任务,包括图表描述、图表解释、观点阐述等。
写作考试的目的是测试考生的语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和写作组织能力。
2. 准备雅思写作需要注意的事项- 掌握基本写作技巧:如如何概括图表信息、如何展开论述、如何论证观点等。
- 增强写作词汇量:扩展词汇储备,提升表达准确性和多样性。
- 阅读大量范文:学习优秀范文的写作结构、句式使用和观点论证方式。
- 练习写作:进行频繁的写作练习,提高写作速度和思维流畅度。
3. 雅思写作评分标准雅思写作总分为9分,分为四个维度对写作进行评分:任务响应(Task Response)、语言表达(Coherence and Cohesion)、词汇使用(Lexical Resource)和语法准确性(Grammar Range and Accuracy)。
考生需在这四个方面都达到一定的水平才能取得高分。
第二部分:写作技巧及范文分析(1000字)1. 图表描述类写作图表描述类写作是雅思写作的常见形式,考察考生对图表信息的表达能力。
常见的图表形式有柱状图、饼状图、折线图和表格等。
在写作时,考生需要概括图表信息并进行详细描述,同时还要注意使用适当的语言连接词来连接句子和段落。
范文分析:柱状图描述了1990年至2000年间英国人口变化趋势。
从图中可以看出,英国人口总数在这十年间一直在增加,但增长速度有所波动。
具体来说,1990年英国人口为52.4百万,而2000年则达到了58.6百万,增长了大约11.8%。
在这十年间最大的增长出现在1997年,而最小的增长出现在1991年。
因此,可以看出英国人口的变化是不稳定的。
2. 图表解释类写作图表解释类写作是考察考生对图表信息的解读能力。
此类题型通常以饼状图、表格或流程图为主要形式,考生需要从中找出关键信息,并进行准确解释。
雅思大作文方法-新东方老师整理推荐(全)
一.雅思大作文的15大考察内容考察频率最高专题:∙ 1. 教育:儿童,中学,大学教育体制和方法∙ 2. 科技发展对生活的影响∙ 3.文化的组成因素和保护∙ 4.生活方式的转变和社会观念∙ 5. 全球化及其影响∙ 6. 环境问题和环境保护∙7. 政府投资考察次重点专题:∙ 1. 艺术的价值∙∙∙∙∙∙7.弱势群体:妇女的权利,妇女参军∙雅思写作错误检查表〔10条〕1.使用了正确的语法结构:时态语态,主谓一致,从句,用词准确(名词,动词,形容词的形式),介词,冠词2.句式有变化3.使用了一定量的词汇4. 拼写没有错误5. 观点明确,语意精准不模糊6. 每段主题句都说明了该段中心思想,所有拓展句支持句都紧扣主题7. 大量的过渡性词语(逻辑连接词),使句子间和段落间都具有逻辑性和条理性8. 提供了足够的细节,例子或论据9. 每一段话都得到充分展开10. 每一段话都紧扣文章主题如何应用:a.1347当做检查项目,其他当做考前提醒b.时间紧,就改第一段和每段的前两句话三.大作文首段基本写作策略---三步走1.转述背景,扩展题目(setting/ background information ):把题目所提供的背景再用自己的话拓展转述同义替换一下题目:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sports or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to be a good sports person or musician.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.考官写的开头段:The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sports, art or music.2. 说明意图(statement of purposes):写作意图=你的立场或者观点,争取用一句话说明你的观点,位置可以是在首段的最后一句3. 提及下文,分支观点的罗列和总结(summary of main points):对主要观点用短语或者短句形式进行总结概括开头段写作套路赏析It is inevitable that as technology develops, so traditional culture must be lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible, you cannot have both together. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?开头段1:It is a fact of life that the advance of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. (背景转述) In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress and should be abandoned. Moreover, it is natural that people should want to find new ways of doing things .(写作意图) It is a fact of life that…这是现实中的事实….It is natural that…很自然….It is quite common these days that…目前很普遍的是….开头段2:It is an undeniable fact that scientific and technological developments have brought considerable benefits to every walk of life. Especially since the Industrial Revolution took place, our lives have been made much more convenient by inventions such as trains, airplanes and computers. (背景转述) But I think that the loss of our traditional culture is too high a price to pay for it. (写作意图)1. It is an undeniable fact that…不可否认的是…2. A is too high a price to pay for BA对于B来说是一个巨大的代价The environmental deterioration and destruction are too high a price for our economic growth.四.议论文五大题型分类和写作套路(一)讨论型discuss题目表述:Discuss both views and give your own opinion.讨论正反两方面观点并给出你的观点例如:题目1Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.题目2:Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.讨论型discuss写作套路开头段:不表达个人观点立场主体段1:反方观点(你不倾向的观点)--2点理由主体段2:正方观点(你相对倾向的观点)-- 2点理由结尾段:方法1---你同意其中一个观点方法2---都同意套路2. 一方倾向式---两个观点不公平讨论开头段:表达个人观点或立场主体段1:详谈正方观点(你相对倾向的观点) ----2-3点理由主体段2:简谈反方观点(你不倾向的观点) ----1-2点理由结尾段:重申你的观点或立场文章布局及思路练习题目1---犯罪类Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.正方观点—惩罚固定1.Fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society.(对…有威慑作用) , accomplishthe purpose of deterrence2.Guarantee / ensure social stability and security to a large extent3. A sign of the triumph of good over evil4.fixed punishment to each type of crime could raise individuals’awareness of obeying thelaw.反方观点—惩罚不固定1.Taking the circumstances and motivation of a crime into account is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity.绿色部分:同类信息大量携带〔并列〕前提,先决条件:precondition, premise, prerequisite在….的前提下: under the premise precondition / prerequisite of3. Criminal laws have to provide minimum and maximum penalties惩罚for the punishment and the law also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. 免除,豁免文章布局及思路练习题目2---旅游类Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.正方观点---旅游业有益于文化保护1.Intergrating tourism and cultural heritage could provide economic incentives for protecting culture.economic incentives = financial support2. Museums, historical sites and ruins enable the visitors to get a deep insight into local customs and practices, experience local traditions , art and heritages, respect the host community and its environment , promote the dialogue over natural and cultural resources between different countries.反方观点---旅游业有害于文化保护1. Tourism creates pollution and waste. The rubbish discarded by travelers would have a negative impact on / do harm to / do great damage to the tourist spots and local cultural ruins.2. Excessive building (roads, hotels etc.) destroys natural habitats and spoils the landscape.3.Local traditions may be lost due to the exotic cultural conflicts.4.Traditional jobs and skills die out (e.g. farming, fishing).5. Local people are forced to work in the tourist industry, which would take their attention and vigor away from the cultural conservation.(二).同意与否型agree or disagree题目表述:Do you agree or disagree…?To what extent do you agree or disagree?考试重点例如:题目1It is often said that the subjects taught in schools are too academic in orientation and that it would be more useful for children to learn about practical matters such as home management, work and interpersonal skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?题目2:Some people think that stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the road. To what extent do you agree or disagree?同意与否型agree or disagree写作套路开头段:明确表达个人观点立场辩护段:用2-3个理由(分支论点)为自己立场辩护, 每个分支论点后紧跟2-3句支持句让步段:承认对方观点有好处(1句)并解释(1-2句),然后指出其缺陷并进一步修正它或提出改良建议(1-2句)结尾段:重申立场并引申展望文章布局及思路练习题目1---教育类Education used to be a short period of training, but today, people treat it like a lifelong practice. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?接受终生教育的理由1.In order to survive in the fierce competition out of society, people need to receive reeducation to improve qualification and obtain specialized expertise or all-round ability.2. People’s education concept is in transition, students are not confined to a certain age group and everyone could choose the way of study suitable to himself .3. Value of life, self-value, self-worth,自我价值ambition, quest for knowledge求知欲and spiritual needs motivate / urge / stimulate / spur 促使people to pursue lifelong education.让步:教育可以是短期的1.Some kinds of schooling could be accomplished in a relatively short period, such aslanguage training, or computer skills training.2.For some relatively impoverished / poverty-stricken families, a short-term education ismuch more affordable and accessible.文章布局及思路练习题目2---政府职能类There is now an increasingly tolerant attitude towards homosexuality in society, especially in the west. Some governments should change the law to allow homosexual marriages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?同意特殊癖好者结婚1.Effectively slow down the birth rate and population growth.2.Is good for eliminating discrimination against homosexuals in general.3.Ensure the justice and equity of society and civic rights.4.Lighten the spiritual burden and kill the loneliness of the homosexuals不同意特殊癖好者结婚1.As gay or lesbian couples are unlikely to have children, there is no real necessity for theright to marry ---marriage is the grave of love.2.Most of the major religions in the world, such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism frownupon homosexuality.frown upon:不赞同,不批准(三).比较优缺点型advantages and disadvantages题目表述:Advantages and disadvantagesBenefits and dangersStrengths and weaknessMerits and drawbacksPositive and negative例如:题目1In order to improve the quality of education, students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Do you think the advantages of this practice outweigh its disadvantages?题目2:Nowadays, more and more students choose to pursue their advanced study in foreign countries. Discuss the merits and drawbacks of studying abroad.比较优缺点型写作套路开头段:先不用表达个人立场主体段1:论述advantages主体段2:论述disadvantages结尾段:表达个人立场文章布局及思路练习题目1—教育类In order to improve the quality of education, students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Do you think the advantages of this practice outweigh its disadvantages?学生参与评估老师的好处1.Contribute to the improvement of teaching methods, change the traditional learning by rote 死记硬背or spoon-feed schooling.填鸭式学习,boost students-centered / students-oriented education, and eventually realize the improvement of instruction.2.Strenghten teacher-and-student interaction and relationship, open up a heart-to-heartdialogue between the teachers and students, which could not only enhance the teaching quality of the teachers but also contribute to the psychological growth of the pupils.3. Evaluation from the students may be the most effective way, for students could judge whether the teaching is productive or not according to the increased knowledge, comprehension , motivation and result.学生参与评估老师的害处1.The evaluation could contain prejudice and personal willingness, which could disrupt the normal teaching process.2. result in a loss of respect for the teachers and discipline in the classroom.3.cause the phenomenon that some teachers would cater to 迎合the students and distort the education content, which will make education lose prestige and original purposes.文章布局及思路练习题目2---留学类Nowadays, more and more students choose to pursue their advanced study in foreign countries. Discuss the merits and drawbacks of studying abroad.出国留学的优点1.Immerse into 融入an environment that can aid languages learning2.Expand one’s outlook, experience diverse culture, local customs and practices, match theneed of this shrinking world.3. Make full use of the advanced teaching and experimental facilities to improve academic level4. Promote academic communication5.Cultivate the ability of living alone and confidence,lay a solid foundation for the future 出国留学的缺点1.Cause cultural conflicts, difficult to assimilate接受a new culture2.overcome difficulty in daily life, feel lonely and depressed3.High financial expense, including cost of living and tuition feesplicated groundwork before going abroad, including visa, passport and IELTS is highly time-consuming(四)个人观点型opinion题目表述:What is your opinion about…?What do you think of …?How do you think about…?个人观点型写作套路此种题目写法较灵活,你的答复可以是正面也可以是反面,还可以从正反两方面论述最便捷的写作套路:转移成同意与否型agree or disagree写作套路文章布局及思路练习—动物类Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary because it can promote the scientific development. What is your opinion?同意用动物做实验1.Human could not find better replacements / alternatives of animals at the present time.2.Human interests should be placed above animals’welfare 健康, 幸福, 繁荣, 福利3.Animal experimentation contributes to / is conducive to有助于scientific progress andbreakthrough不同意用动物做实验1.Over exploitation of animals to do experiment would disrupt the biological chain andeven the ecological balance2.Animals have the right of life生存权like human3.Some people use animals to pursue commercial benefits rather than experimentalpurposes(五).问题分析型problem+reasons+recommendations题目表述:What caused this problem, and what solutions can solve this problem?一般会出现reason, cause, problem, effect, suggestion, solution, recommend, recommendation, what等词(但what extent do you agree or disagree和what is your opinion 除外)问题分析型写作套路开头段:背景拓展+改写题目主体段1:列出2-3个原因,每个原因后支持句1-2句主体段2:列出2-3个解决方案,每个方案支持句1-2句结尾段:总结原因和解决方案文章布局及思路练习---环境类We have developed into a “throw-away society”and are filling up our environment with plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. What are the causes of this phenomenon and recommend some measures to reduce this problem.原因1.population growth-----the increase of material needs----the increment增长,增量,增加of rubbish2.Disposable items---disposable chopsticks3. Low awareness of waste issues among the public4. Lack effective monitor and supervision from relevant departmentsLack 用法1.Vt:lack sthHe lacks sincerity.2. N: lack of sthLack of sincerity is his biggest problem.3. Adj.---Lacking : be lacking in sthHe is lacking in sincerity.解决方案1.Enforce / enact some related laws or rules, step up supervision 加大监管力度2. Raise people’s awareness of preserving environment, reduce the discharge of rubbish.3. Adopt some recycling schemes4. Reduce the use of raw materials原材料总结:分清题型,确定题材题型:五种题型----可以简单归为两大类:1).需要双边讨论:discuss, agree, advantage, opinion2).不需要讨论,需要分析:problem----suggestion换掉被人用烂的恶俗表达1.Pay attention to = lay / place emphasis on …= attach importance to …2.Make / let sb do = enable / allow sb to doMake sb adj.= render sb adj.3.Basis = cornerstone , foundation, groundwork4.Each coin has two sides.=…is a double-edged sword.5.Sth is wrong= sth is unwarranted / unjustified6.Sth is the first thing = give priority to sth7.Be likely to do = tend to do =be inclined to do8.There is no doubt that = It goes without saying that …= it is manifest that ….9.Most likely, = in all likelihood, = as is often the case, 很可能,通常是…10.This trend is common= this trend is not restricted to…..这个现象不仅限于…11. In this side / aspect = in this respect / regard 在这方面12. Most of the time= more often than not, constantly, frequently13.Difficult =painstaking, burdensome, troublesome, formidable, rough, stiff, knottydifficulty= hardship, adversity, obstacle14. Realize= be aware of, be conscious of15. Consider = take…into account , take …into consideration , take account of….16. Help = aid(n, v) / assist (v)/ assistance (n)17. Sb may do = it is standard practice for someone to do 某人通常会…18. Sb should do = sb would be well-advised to do 某人应该做19.A is important to B = A is to B what foundation is to a skyscraper./ water is to fish./ heart isto a man.20.高分合成词范例:time-consuming, time-saving, fast-paced, thought-provoking,attention-getting,environmentally-friendly, decision-maker,fast-changing, well-informed,在高分范文寻找积累,好的表达不是难词,而是巧词妙词,不要显摆专业术语五.雅思大作文审题要素1.找关键词:先确定主语和谓语2.找具有强烈意向的修饰语:adj, adv3.找句子主干:先主句,后从句;先主谓宾,再定状补4.根据题目表述确定文章题型,题材,文章布局5.每个题目至少读3遍例如:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal of money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.题材:体育媒体类题型:discuss文章布局:四段式--- 开头段反方观点正方观点你的观点六. 雅思议论文开头段写法(一)agree, discuss, advantage, opinion开头段写法:(3句话左右)Sentence 1: background / general statement 背景介绍,引入话题Sentence 2:rephrase the topic / thesis statement 改写题目, 点明论题,两方观点Sentence 3: personal opinion or brief description of the main body 个人观点立场〔主体部分的简要介绍〕如何写Sentence 1 ---背景句:记住常用句式例:Some people who have been successfully in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree?背景句范例1:In contemporary society, the importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a topic which has aroused public attention and debate.……已经引起关注,讨论,争议…has arouse d / sparked / given rise to / created / caused / provoked / triggered/ invited 引起hot / heated / fierce 热烈的,激烈的debate / discussion / controversy/ concern/ attention 讨论,争议,关注背景句范例2:In the present age, theoretical knowledge is playing a significant part in every walk of life, nevertheless, individuals have had a hard time reaching consensus on whether our success results from the theoretical knowledge learned from universities.reach consensus on…对…达成共识背景句范例3The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate / is a frequent topic of discussion.背景句范例4:Individuals have long been interested in identifying the factors that contribute to personal achievement.背景句常用表达1.In the fast-changing world, heated debate has been going on concerning whether…2.Nowadays, …is a topic of public interest and concern.3.In the contemporary world, there has been much discussion revolving around the issue ofwhether…4.When it comes to…,people have mixed views on whether…5. Nowadays there is a growing awareness / tendency among the public that …6. It is high time that we explored the truth of…7. Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible that…8. Common sense / Common knowledge tells us that…9. In this fast-paced world, never is the issue concerning (whether)…failing to attract our eyes.10. …is a frequent topic of discussion.首句—背景句写作练习The advertising is discouraging people from being individual and makes people be or seem to be the same. Do you agree or disagree?Discourage: 1. 使气馁; 使沮丧;使泄气 2. 阻碍; 劝阻背景句范例1The influence of advertising on our buying behaviors is a subject matter.Subject matter: 主题,主旨背景句范例2In recent years, much more emphasis than ever before has been placed on the influence of advertising.如何写Sentence 2---改写题目,点明论题改变:句式,同义替换,先后顺序两个原则:例1:Do you think it is better to send criminals to jail or let them receive education or job training?先练习写首句----背景句第一句:The treatment of criminals has been open to debate in recent years.第二句:Some individuals claim that imprisonment is better than education or job training in treating criminals , while others believe the other way around.believe the other way around:从相反的角度来考虑点明论题常用表达1.When it comes to …some individuals assert / claim / argue that…, while others believe the other way around.2. People hold different / divergent / contrasting / conflicting / contradictory / opposing views / perspectives/ standpoints with reference to / concerning …3.There is a perception that…, while a counterargument is that…4.Currently people in ever-increasing numbers are coming to be aware of the importance of….Some individuals are against and some for it.5. There is no consensus of opinion among the public as to the standpoint of….Some suggest that…, while others argue that…6. …now plays such an essential part in our life that it is necessary for us to have a clear perspective of whether it is a blessing or a curse. With every respect taken into account, I believe that …has both merits and demerits.7.Perhaps nothing is more dominant / popular / indispensable / attention-getting than…in the modern world. Obviously, it does some good to us. When we applaud its benefits, nevertheless, it is necessary for us to acknowledge its enormous potential threat / danger / damage / harm to our life.Sentence 3 ---表达个人立场常用表达1.Personally , I am in favor of the former / the latter view.2. From my perspective ,I firmly subscribe to the opinion that…3. As for me, I vote for the standpoint that…4. I am inclined to the point that…5. As far as I am concerned, my favor goes to the point that…6. I am firmly convinced that…7. Personally, I tend to believe that…8. My personal view is that…9. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the two typical views regarding this issue.10. There are some points in both aspects.11. This essay will compare and contrast its benefits and downsides.开头段最后一句承上启下的过渡性句子1.My statement will be justified and exemplified in the following aspects.2. As far as I am concerned, the merits of …fail to justify the demerits. With regard to this issue, a detailed analysis will be provided in the following text from the perspective of my own.3.The reasons for my support of this view are outlined as follows. 牛掰~~~4. There are several points to be listed as follows to justify my perspective.牛掰~~~ Convincing and logical arguments can be made that…..( 可以提出有说服力的证据来证明…….的观点) , and my views are based on the following considerations.牛掰~~~开头段写作练习练习1.Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world’s resources. Do you agree or disagree?练习1参考开头段答案:There is little room for doubt about the convenience brought by air travel to every walk of life. Nonetheless, with reference to its impact on the environment, no consensus has been arrived at. As far as I am concerned, its benefits fail to justify its harmful effects. A detailed analysis will be provided in the following text from the perspective of my own.练习2.Children in secondary school study international news as a subject, but some think that is a waste of time. Discuss both views.练习2参考开头段答案:International news represents one of the main sources of information from which we discover what is happening around the world. Nevertheless, when it comes to including it in the curriculum in secondary school, there is an ongoing debate. My personal view is that studying international news is of benefits to students.练习3.In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility.What are your opinion on this?练习3参考开头段答案:The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one. It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is wrong or valuable. Opinions will also differ as to learning benefits: no doubt teachers and factory owners, for example, would have varying concerns.练习4.Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.练习4参考开头段答案:Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.考官稀罕用词组~~~1. beyond our wildest expectations超过了我们最狂野的想象,让人吃惊=at a staggering rate2. on an daily basis 以日常的基础,每天3. adapt to: 适应…4. keep pace with…与保持同步,并驾齐驱开头段“四不要”1.不要照搬照抄题目2.不要太累赘冗长,一般3句左右3.不要模板化痕迹太重4.不要出现任何语法和拼写错误,要不考官会吐血的……问题解决型开头段写法:3句话左右Sentence 1: 文章的背景介绍,引入话题〔同其他四类开头段写法〕Sentence 2:概述造成这一问题的原因Sentence 3:说明文章要讨论的内容例: What are the causes and solutions of problem of the scarcity of water resources? Sentence 1:背景句:Water shortage is one of the most challenging issues to address in many countries on a worldwide scale.on a worldwide scale:在世界范围内Sentence 2:概括原因There are some factors contributing to this problem.Sentence 3:暗示下文In this essay, the most common factors will be discussed and analyzed, followed by some responsible solutions.问题类开头段常用句总结In this age of change, the human society is processing rapidly in various fields. Yet meanwhile, many problems have arisen, an attention-getting / thought-provoking one of which is…. In this essay, some possible causes of this phenomenon will be analyzed and some advisable solutions will be proposed as well from the perspective of my own. Advisable =feasible=available 可取的,可行的,明智的问题类开头段练习1练习:In terms of living standards, there is a gap between living in the city and living in the countryside. What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced?问题类开头段1练习参考答案In terms of standard of living, the gap between the urban areas and rural areas is widening at a staggering rate in many nations. There are some factors contributing to this issue. Thefocus of this essay is to illustrate the causes and explore some relevant and feasible measures to combat this situation.问题类开头段练习2Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?问题类开头段2练习参考答案Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationship. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or the relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness. 问题类开头段练习3In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?问题类开头段3练习参考答案Poor students behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think modern lifestyles are responsible for this.七.雅思议论文主体段写法1.主体段总体要求:1〕correctness(正确性):用词句法正确2〕coherence & consistency(一致性):前后论证一致,逻辑性好3〕cogency(说服力):观点要有力度,紧扣题目2.主体段结构:Topic sentence + Supporting sentences(1)Topic sentence: highlight your central point with one sentence (1 sentence)(2)Supporting sentences:sentences for the extension, explanation and justification of the topic sentences (2—3 sentence)例: Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?例题三个分支观点1.To begin with, one of the major functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find andbuy suitable products.〔正面观点1〕2.What is also worth noticing here is that advertising serves to stimulate consumption andcontributes to economic development. 〔正面观点2〕3.In spite of its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leadscustomers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending. 〔反面观点〕3.写分支观点的注意事项1.分支观点要清晰明显: 放在段首2.分支观点之间使用信号词:分支观点之间要有明显的逻辑连接词来彰显清晰的结构和思路3.先重后轻原则: 2-3个论点按照说服力合理排序4.分支观点之间不要语意重复或重叠5.分支观点追求reasonable,不要标新立异4.如何构思分支观点?----万能理由(一)与物相关的话题:1.便利和方便:节省时间,提高效率,加快节奏Convenience : be time-saving, enhance efficiency, quicken the tempo of…2. 经济和发展:带来就业时机,提高就业率,增加税收收入,促进当地经济发展,促进相关产业发展Economy and development: bring job opportunities, raise employment rate, increase tax revenue, promote the progress of local economy and relevant / associated industries3. 安全:食品安全,人身安全,财产安全,社会安全security: food , personal, property, social security4. 空间:过度建设, 占用土地,生活空间减少,人口密集,对当地造成就业,资源,交通各方面压力Space: over construction, occupy land illegally, the decrease of living space, be thickly populated, pose great pressure on employment, resources and traffic5. 环保和生态:破坏或保护生态环境,生态平衡,沙漠化,滥砍滥伐,酸雨,臭氧层空洞,噪音,水污染,温室效应,辐射,白色垃圾Environmental protection: damage ecological environment, ecological balance, desertification, deforestation, acid rain, ozone depletion, noise, water pollution, greenhouse effect, radiation, white trash6. 科技发展:全球化带来机遇和挑战,工业生产,高科技产业,媒体,网络,高效率,数字化Scientific development: globalization has brought opportunities and challenges, industrial production, high-tech industry, medium(复数media),the Internet, high efficiency, digitization 7. 社会:社会整体发展,公共设施,法律,社区安全,医疗卫生Society: the overall development of society, infrastructure, laws and principles, community safety, medical treatment and hygiene〔二〕与人相关的话题:1.健康:身体健康---营养平衡,强健体魄,缓解压力,减少焦虑,辐射,垃圾食品的危害Health:Physical health: nutrition balance, build up one’s strength, relieve / ease stress, reduce anxiety, radiation, junk food心理健康---面对困难和挑战时乐观积极,充分了解自己,对自己的能力作适当的估价保持良好的人际关系,适度的情绪表达与控制,保持人格的完整与和谐Psychological / mental health: optimistic and motivated, fully understand oneself, properly evaluate one’s ability, keep loving interpersonal relationship, proper emotion expression and control, keep personality complete and harmonious2. 交流和情感:交朋友,集体活动,促进彼此交流和理解,增进感情,扩大视野,促进人际关系发展communication : group activities, promote mutual understanding, promote feeling, expand one’s outlook, promote interpersonal relationship3. 成就感和自我价值:为国家增添荣誉,得到社会和公众肯定,实现自我潜力和价值,树立正确价值观A sense of achievement and self-value: add honor to the country, receive appreciation and approval from the society and public, realize one’s potential and value, establish one’s value 4.经验习惯:知识积累,工作和生活经验丰富,好的习惯促进人格的全面健康发展。
雅思写作上7分
雅思写作上7分,从吃透评分标准开始!如何利用评分标准提高雅思写作(上)为什么考生需要评分标准?在备考雅思的过程中,写作往往是最令同学们头疼的一项功课,有些烤鸭戏称雅思写作为“玄学”,即,不清楚什么样的作文是能够达到理想分数的作文,或者说不明白考官到底要什么。
于是,同学们在背了很多素材如万能理由之后,依然无法出分。
换言之,我们的写的并不是对应的分数标准所要求的。
“知己知彼,百战不殆”,考试亦是如此。
对于写作考试来说,搞清楚考试要求和评分标准是非常重要的。
在写作考试中,同学们容易犯的最大的错误是“自嗨”式写作,也就是说,自己感觉自己写得很不错:✘用上了几乎所有背过的能用的万能理由,“感觉”很丰富;✘用上了所有能用的语法结构,写的每个句子都超级无敌长,“感觉”很复杂;✘抑或是堆砌了很多华丽的词汇(曾经改一位小童鞋的作文,ta在文中把people替换成了homo sapiens),“感觉”很高级。
殊不知,这些自我感觉良好的行为反而弄巧成拙,违背了写作的“初心”和本质--清晰地传达有逻辑的思想和信息,从而能够回应考官的问题。
事实上,雅思写作是有一套详细的评分标准的,在官网上有中英文对照的版本,以下是部分截图:什么是评分标准?表面上来看:评分标准是考试官方经研究编订的一系列对考生可能写出的作文的,不同维度,不同水平的描述,以及相对应的分数标准。
但从本质上来看:评分标准是专业人士对什么是好文章,什么是欠佳文章进行归纳,从而得出的经验总结。
如果我们不同分数的文章,比如7分和5分的文章,就会发现,7分的文章确实是读来更合理,更有逻辑,更有可读性的,所以评分标准不是要我们刻意“造作”,而是无限接近更高分数的评分标准。
大部分同学留学申请的专业对雅思写作的要求约为6分,有些专业甚至要求高达6.5分,7分。
一般我们建议同学们谙熟6,7,8这三个水平的评分标准,用于指导自己的写作学习。
雅思写作的四个评分维度雅思写作一共分为4个评分维度,分别简称TA/TR,CC,LR,GRA,全称如下:雅思写作的评分体系非常细致严格,大作文和小作文都有四个评分维度,每篇作文的分数为四项评分标准的平均分,而写作总分为两篇作为分数的平均分。
雅思写作标准
雅思写作标准雅思写作标准9篇雅思写作标准1雅思考试四个部分,对于中国考生来说,口语和写作是相对比较弱的环节,需要更多的时间来准备。
就写作来说,很多学生的备考方法不当,虽然考前已经背了模板、准备好了可能会用到的句型和词汇、复习了各种话题,似乎做好了万无一失的准备,可考试结果往往不尽人意。
从我多年教学经验来看,我认为出现这种情况的主要原因是中西方人不同的思维模式和表达方式。
我们先来对比中西方人的思维模式。
中国人习惯于整体感知、意象思维和类比推理,而西方人则更倾向于细部感知、理性思维和逻辑推理。
这样的思维模式使得我们在看问题的时候注重整体,带有感性和直观色彩。
而思维对语言有重大影响作用,处在不同思维方式下的中英文差异巨大。
中文靠内在的语义手段来连接句子、少用表示逻辑关系的连接语,因此行文如流水。
而英文是一种非常强调外在逻辑形式的文字,从句法到篇章都强调演绎和推理,语句各成分的相互结合常用适当的连接词语或各种语言连接手段,以表示其结构关系。
所以,如果我们继续用中文写作的思路来写英文作文就容易犯这样的错误:1.主题思想没有放在段首或段末等显眼的地方,而是随着自己的推理发展写到段中等不显眼的位置,从而没有做到清楚表达自己的观点;2.组织混乱。
中文里有些逻辑关系(例如因果关系、动作先后顺序等)已经暗含在语义里,所以到英文写作的时候,学生往往不会使用连接词,整个段落看起来像句子堆砌而成,毫无逻辑可言。
针对这种情况,最好的解决方法是找几篇外国人写的好文章来仔细研究他们是怎么组织语言、如何发展自己的观点,学习别人的逻辑思维模式的,之后自己药多加练习,尽量走出我们的中文模式指导下的英文写作的误区。
只有这样才能够在雅思写作中取得满意的分数。
雅思写作标准2雅思考试全程考试时间为2小时55分钟。
其中,写作在听力、阅读部分之后出现,是笔试的最后一项。
雅思写作考试要求在60分钟内完成两篇作文。
写作中,以移民为主的培训类和以留学为主的学术类试题类型有所不同。
雅思写作基础段十大原则
雅思写作基础段十大原则翻译1. 举办奥运会能增加国家收入;创造更多的就业机会..Hosting the Olympic Games can increase the government revenue and create more employment opportunities.2. 旅游业的发展对当地的经济有积极的影响..The development of tourism exerts positive influence on the local economy.3. 旅游业的发展刺激经济的增长;通过产生大量的就业机会和增加外汇收入..The development of tourism stimulates economic growth by generating enormous employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange earnings.4. 政府的首要职责是帮助人民消除贫困;疾病和文盲..The primary responsibility of a government is to help its people eliminate poverty; disease; and illiteracy.5. 改善人民的福利是政府的责任..Improving people’s welfare is the government’s obligation.6. 许多人强烈反对太空探索;因为他们认为对于发展中国家而言;这是个奢侈和浪费的做法..Many people are strongly against space research because they think it is an extravagant and wasteful project for developing countries.7. 许多人还苦苦挣扎在贫困线上;缺乏食物和栖身之所..为什么不用有限的资金帮助他们脱贫呢Many people are struggling at the poverty line; lacking food and shelter. Why not use the limited public funds to help them alleviate poverty8. 接受正规教育对于贫困地区的小孩而言是一种奢侈的梦想..It is a luxurious dream for children in the poverty-stricken area to receive formal education.9. 送小孩出国留学对于不少家庭来说是个沉重的经济负担..Sending children to study abroad is a heavy financial burden on many families.10. 艺术资助对于许多发展中国家而言是个奢侈的做法..Art funding is a luxurious practice to many developing countries.11. 廉价航空旅行会耗费更多的燃料并增加污染..Cheap air travel consumes more fuel and causes more pollution.12. 老龄化人口会给社会和政府带来沉重的负担..An ageing population can put heavy burdens on society and the government.13. 人口的老龄化也很可能增加年轻一代人当中的失业率..Population ageing is also likely to increase the unemployment rate among the younger generation.14. 过高的老年人口比例很可能会造成劳动力短缺;阻碍经济的发展..A higher proportion of elderly people in the population is also likely to cause labour shortages and hinder economic growth. 15. 政府资助艺术家和音乐家的做法其实是滥用纳税人的钱..It is a dissipation of taxpayers’ money for the government to subsidize artists and musicians;有些电视节目非常吸引人;令人分心;使不少小孩很难专心学习..Some TV programs are so tempting and distracting that many children can hardly focus on their study.应该教育学生克制住自己不要沉迷于网上聊天;因为他们的任务是学习.. Students should be taught to refrain themselves from chatting online because their main task is study.兼职占用学生宝贵的时间;影响他们的学习..Taking a part-time job takes up students’ valuable time and affects their study.为了兼职赚钱;有些学生甚至逃课;严重影响学业..In order to earn some money by taking up a part-time job; some students even skip classes and their academic performance is seriously affected.电视机帮助人们打发时间;驱除孤独..TV helps people to kill time and drive off their loneliness.比起火车和长途汽车旅行;廉价航空旅行帮游客节省了大量的时间..这意味着游客有更多的时间和精力去享受旅游景点..Compared with a journey by train or by coach; low-cost flights save tourists a great deal of time. This means that they can have more time and energy to enjoy the attractions that they wish to visit. 家长应该限制孩子们每天看电视的时间在1-2小时以内并且鼓励他们积极参加体育运动和社会活动..Parents should limit children’s TV viewing to one to two hours a day and encourage them to actively participate in sports and social activities.例如;通过在线会议;商务人士可以省时间并且避免旅行开支..For example; by having online meetings; business people can save time and avoid travel costs.手机和因特网一方面提高了工作效率;但另一方面他们减少了人们和他们关心的人在一起的时间..Mobile phones and the Internet have increased work efficiency on one hand; but on the other hand they have reduced the time people spent with those they care about.1. 应该对私家车进行限制;因为汽车排放许多有毒气体..Private cars should be restricted because cars emit many toxic gases.2. 吃太多的快餐有害健康;因为快餐含有太多的脂肪、糖分和热量..Eating too much fast food is physically damaging; because fast food contains too much fat; sugar and calorie.3. 过分沉迷于电脑游戏会导致近视和肥胖..Overindulgence in computer games contributes to myopia and obesity.4. 由于环境不断恶化;许多城市居民患有多种呼吸道疾病..Due to the deteriorating environment; many city dwellers suffer from some respiratory diseases.5. 体育锻炼有利于人们减压..Physical exercise helps people to ease their mental strain.6. 我们应该摈弃一些不良的生活习惯;如烟酒过度、暴饮暴食等..We should do away with bad living habits such as excessive drinking and smoking and overeating.7. 垃圾问题对人们的健康构成潜在威胁;因为垃圾含有各种各样的细菌、病毒;并且传播多种流行性疾病..The rubbish problem poses potential risks to people’s health because trash contains all kinds of germs and transmits a number of epidemic diseases.电视和互联网使人们和朋友疏远了;因为现在人们缺乏与朋友面对面的交流..TV and the Internet alienate people from their friends because people nowadays lack adequate face-to-face communication with theirfriends/peers.国际旅游业的发展可能导致国与国之间关系紧张的加剧..The development of international tourism may contribute to greater tension between nations.3.体罚伤感情;这样把家长和小孩疏远开了..Corporal punishment is emotionally detrimental; which alienates parents from their children.4. 通过远程教育接受教育的人缺乏许多必要的人际交往能力;容易变得以自我为中心和内向..Those who receive education through tele-education lack many essential interpersonal skills and tend to be self-centered and introverted.5. 过早送小孩去托儿所会伤害感情;因为缺乏父母关爱的小孩往往觉得孤独和沮丧..Sending a child to a nursery at an early stage is emotionally harmful ;because children who lack parental care and love tend to feel isolated and depressed.6. 在家上班远程办公会使人产生疏远的感觉;而且在家上班的人可能变得对人冷漠;缺乏强烈的团队精神..Telecommuting creates a sense of estrangement among individuals and telecommuters may become indifferent to others and lack a strong team spirit.7. 全职太太经常觉得孤独;情绪低落和受挫..Full-time housewives often feel isolated; depressed and frustrated.8. 如果老人住到敬老院;他们会觉得自己没价值了;被家人遗弃了;同时感到绝望..If old people are sent to live in a nursing house; they tend to feel useless; deserted by their family and hopeless.9. 由于缺乏情感交流;误会产生了;有时甚至导致一个家庭的破裂..For lack of emotional exchanges; misunderstanding arises and sometime leads to the breakup of a family.10. 由于缺乏对当地风俗和传统的了解;游客和当地人交流时可能会发生冲突.. \For lack of adequate knowledge of the local customs and traditions; some disputes may arise when tourists communicate with the locals.远程教育导致一系列的心理问题;如自闭、焦虑和抑郁..Tele-education results in a series of psychological problems such as withdrawal; anxiety and depression.当他们尝试适应一个新的环境的时候; 小孩会感到无助和想家..Children will feel helpless and homesick when they attempt to adjust to a new environment.1 培养小孩独立性和自信心的最佳办法是给他们一份兼职工作..The best way to foster children’s indep endence and self-confidence is to give them a part-time job.2 改进教学质量的非常有效的方法是鼓励学生批评和评价他们的老师..A very effective way to improve teaching quality is to encourage students to criticize and evaluate their teachers.3 人们普遍认为教育对个人发展与社会的良好运行都起着至关重要的作用..be of vital importance; well-beingIt is generally believed that education is of vital importance to individual development and well-being of society.4 看太多电视对智力发展有害;换句话说;它限制了创造力和想象力.. Too much TV viewing is intellectually damaging; in other words; it kills creativity and imagination.5 很明显的是;父母的行为对孩子的世界观有直接的影响..It is clear/obvious/apparent that parents’ behavior has a direct impact on children’ s world view.6不可否认的是教育在可持续社会发展中起着重要的作用..There is no denying that education plays an important role in the sustainable social development.7 经常沉迷于电视的小孩不懂区分现实和虚幻..distinguish…..from…..; reality; fantasyA child who often revels in TV can not distinguish/tell reality from fantasy.1. 我反对死刑的第一个原因是它侵犯了人的生命权..Why I do not support having the death penalty is that it violatesthe right of subsistence.2. 动物实验是种野蛮和不文明的做法;它剥夺了动物的生存权..Animal testing is a cruel and uncivilized practice that deprives animals of their right of subsistence.新闻审查制度剥夺了我们的知情权..Censorship deprives us of the right to know the truth.鼓励妇女回家做全职太太是很荒唐的想法;它剥夺妇女工作的权利;是性别歧视..Encouraging females to go back home to be full-time housewives is a very ridiculous idea which deprives women of their basic right to work; and is a sort of sexual discrimination.5. 体罚侵犯小孩的人权;影响他们的身心健康..Corporal punishment violates children ‘s human rights and affects their physical and mental health.公共场合安装摄像机是对个人隐私的公然侵犯..The installation of cameras in public areas is a brazen infringement of one’s privacy我同意中央政府、地方政府和每个公民都应该对环境保护负责的观点..I agree with the view that the central government; the local government and citizens all have responsibility for environmental protection.不可否认的是;飞机旅行产生空气污染;在某种程度上对全球气候变化负有责任..There is no denying that air travel generates air pollution; which is to some extent responsible for global climate changes.当今主要问题之一是;诸如煤炭和石油之类的天然能源显然正在被快速耗尽;并且它们是不可再生的..One of today’s major problems is that natural energy resources such as coal and oil are apparently running out quickly and are not renewable.对资源的需求增加引起大范围的伐木和采矿;这些都是水土流失的主要原因..The stronger demand for resources leads to extensive logging and mining; which are the main causes of soil erosion.5. 工业废料未经过滤就倾倒到河流里;污染了河流;给附近的居民带来巨大的危害..The industrial waste is dumped into rivers without being filtered; thus contaminating the rivers and bringing great harm to the residents nearby.政府可以对不环保的产品课以重税然后用税收去资助环境项目..The government can impose high tax penalties on environmentally-damaging products; and then use the tax to fund environmental pollution.7. 栖息地的破坏使许多动物无家可归;成为濒危物种..Habitat destruction makes many species of animals become homeless and become endangered.1. 政府努力保护好濒危的语言是至关重要的..It is of great significance for a government to make efforts toconserve endangered culture and language.2. 旅游业有助于保护城市的历史文化遗产..Tourism helps to preserve the city’s historical and culturalheritage.3. 大量涌入旅游景点的游客对文物的保护构成潜在的威胁..Too many tourists flooding the tourist attractions also pose potential risks to the preservation of cultural relics.4. 全球一体化对土着文化和语言的保护构成潜在;因为正如我们所知; 跨文化交际越越频繁;文化同化和渗透是不可避免的..Globalization poses potential risks to the preservation of aboriginal culture and language; because we know crow-cultural communication is becoming increasingly frequent and cultural assimilation and penetration is inevitable.5. 除了文化价值之外;传统艺术还有重要的教育价值..他们帮助年轻人理解自己国家的风俗与历史..Apart from cultural value; traditional arts also have significant educational value. They help young people to understand the customs and history of their country.6.多元化社会有一系列的经济、文化与社会优势..A multicultural society has a range of economic; cultural and social advantages.多元化社会的另一个经济优势是很多人会双语甚至是多语种..Another economic benefit of a multicultural society is that many people are bilingual or even multilingual.政府和学校应采取措施来防止小语种的消失..extinction ;minority languagesGovernments and schools should take some measures to prevent the extinction of minority languages.我认为政府应该对互联网实施新闻审查;因为网上有不少暴力色情材料;对青少年的身心发展带来负面的影响..I believe that the government should impose censorship on the Internet; because there is much violence and pornography on the Internet which exerts adverse effects on teenagers’ physical and mental health.2. 成迷于暴力游戏和电视节目会导致暴力行为..Indulgence in violent games and TV shows leads to violent acts.3.小孩子有机会通过互联网接触到淫秽物品;甚至在媒体的负面影响下误入歧途..Children have access to obscene material via the Internet and even go astray under the negative influence of the mass media.4.小孩子缺乏恰当的自控和自律能力;他们很容易沉迷于网上冲浪.. Children lack adequate self-control and self-discipline; and they are likely to indulge themselves in net surfing.毒品的诱惑力太大了;不少人抵挡不住它的诱惑而沉迷与其中..Drugs are so alluring that few people can resist the temptation and are obsessed with drugs.如果政府能都为人们提供更好而且价格更容易承担教育和就业培训;并且通过改善经济来增加就业机会;那么贫困与犯罪也会减少..If the government provides people with better and more affordable education and job training; and creates more employment opportunities by improving the economy; poverty and crime rates will also decline.。
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名师详解:雅思写作7个基本原则以下内容由郑州雅思()整理编辑雅思写作,对大多数考生来说都是一个难题,很难突破获得高分,接下来就给大家讲解一下,雅思写作的7个基本原则,希望能对广大雅思考试有所帮助!一、长短句原则工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。
而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。
否则会给人造成"群龙无首"之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一二三原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…如此罗嗦。
可毕竟还是条理清楚。
考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的"标签"来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。
破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、短语优先原则写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。
相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。
其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。
五、多实少虚原则原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。
这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。
我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。
比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。
再比如:走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、多变句式原则1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。
比如说:I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用:besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。
所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语:despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。
其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语:then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。
文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。
其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。
举例:This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:When to go, Why he goes away…5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don't enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!雅思考试七、挑战极限原则既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。
比如:The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪!好了,以上就是北京雅思郑州分校写作名师maple老师给大家讲解的,雅思写作的七大基本原则,希望广大考生能够学以致用。