研究生综合英语Rwanda
研究生英语综合教程 崔校平 单词表
研究生英语综合教程崔校平单词表全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Research into the various aspects of English language learning is a crucial aspect of graduate studies. One essential resource that aids in this process is the Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping, which includes a comprehensive list of words commonly used in the English language. This document serves as a valuable tool for students looking to improve their vocabulary and language skills.The word list provided in the course covers a wide range of topics and themes, from basic everyday vocabulary to more advanced and specialized terms. This diversity enables students to expand their understanding of the English language and gives them the necessary tools to communicate effectively in various contexts.One of the key benefits of using the word list from the Graduate English Comprehensive Course is its systematic approach to vocabulary building. The words are organized in a logical manner, making it easy for students to study andmemorize them efficiently. Additionally, the course provides exercises and activities that help reinforce the learning of these words, ensuring that students can apply them in real-life situations.Moreover, the word list is constantly updated to reflect changes in the English language and to include new words and phrases that have become popular or relevant. This ensures that students are exposed to current and up-to-date vocabulary, which is essential for effective communication in today'sfast-paced world.In conclusion, the Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping provides an invaluable resource for students pursuing graduate studies in English language. The word list included in the course offers a comprehensive and systematic approach to vocabulary building, enabling students to enhance their language skills and communicate effectively in various contexts. By utilizing this resource, students can expand their knowledge of the English language and improve their overall language proficiency.篇2Research on Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping Vocabulary ListIntroductionThe Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping is a widely used textbook for graduate students in China to improve their English language skills. One of the key components of this textbook is the comprehensive vocabulary list, which includes a wide range of words that are commonly used in academic and professional contexts. This research paper aims to analyze the vocabulary list in the textbook and its effectiveness in helping students improve their English language proficiency.Analysis of Vocabulary ListThe vocabulary list in the Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping is carefully curated to cover a wide range of topics and themes that are relevant to graduate students. The list includes words related to various academic disciplines, such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, as well as words that are commonly used in professional settings, such as business, finance, and law. This diversity in the vocabulary list ensures that students are exposed to a wide range of vocabulary that is essential for their academic and professional success.Furthermore, the vocabulary list is organized in a systematic way, with words grouped according to their meanings and usage. This makes it easier for students to learn and remember new words, as they can see how different words are related to each other and how they are used in different contexts. In addition, the vocabulary list includes definitions, examples, and exercises that help students understand the meaning and usage of each word, and practice using them in sentences.Effectiveness of the Vocabulary ListThe vocabulary list in the Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping has been found to be highly effective in helping students improve their English language proficiency. Studies have shown that students who regularly use the vocabulary list in their studies are able to expand their vocabulary, improve their reading and writing skills, and enhance their overall communication abilities. In addition, students who use the vocabulary list consistently have been found to perform better in their academic courses and achieve higher grades.Moreover, the vocabulary list in the textbook has been designed based on the principles of vocabulary acquisition and retention. The words included in the list are carefully selected based on their frequency of use in academic and professionalcontexts, as well as their relevance to the topics covered in the textbook. This ensures that students are learning words that are essential for their academic and professional success, and that they are able to retain and recall these words when needed.ConclusionIn conclusion, the vocabulary list in the Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping is an invaluable resource for graduate students who are looking to improve their English language skills. The comprehensive and organized nature of the vocabulary list, coupled with the effective design and implementation of the list, make it an essential tool for students to expand their vocabulary, enhance their communication abilities, and achieve success in their academic and professional endeavors. Further research on the effectiveness of the vocabulary list, as well as ways to improve and expand the list, will continue to benefit graduate students in their pursuit of English language proficiency.Overall, the Graduate English Comprehensive Course by Cui Xiaoping Vocabulary List is an essential resource for graduate students in China and has proven to be highly effective in helping students improve their English language skills.篇3Research shows that having a strong grasp of English vocabulary is crucial for graduate students who are looking to excel in their studies and research. This is where resources like the "Graduate English Comprehensive Course Vocabulary List by Cui Xiaoping" come in handy. This comprehensive list of words covers a wide range of topics and is designed to help students not only expand their vocabulary but also improve their overall language skills.One of the key features of this vocabulary list is its organization. The words are categorized by topic, making it easier for students to study and memorize them. Topics range from academic disciplines like economics and psychology to everyday conversation topics like weather and food. This ensures that students have a well-rounded vocabulary that can be applied in various contexts.In addition to categorization, the vocabulary list also includes example sentences to show students how the words can be used in context. This not only helps students remember the words better but also improves their understanding of how the words are used in different situations.Furthermore, the list also includes synonyms and antonyms for each word, helping students expand their vocabulary even further. This feature is especially useful for students who are looking to improve their writing skills and avoid repetitive language.Overall, the "Graduate English Comprehensive Course Vocabulary List by Cui Xiaoping" is a valuable resource for graduate students looking to enhance their English language skills. By studying and memorizing the words in this list, students can improve their vocabulary, writing, and communication skills, ultimately leading to greater success in their academic and professional endeavors.。
研究生英语综合教程 pdf
研究生英语综合教程pdf在研究生阶段，英语学习的重点已经不再是基础知识的积累，而是转向更加专业和实用的英语技能提升。
本文将重点探讨研究生英语综合教程中的关键内容，包括学术论文写作、英语听力技巧、口语表达、阅读理解、词汇扩充、语法知识、写作练习、实际应用以及跨文化交际能力。
一、学术论文写作学术论文写作是研究生阶段的重要学习内容之一。
这一部分将教授学生如何选题、搜集资料、撰写大纲、以及按照学术规范进行写作。
同时，还会涉及到如何进行有效的文献引用和避免学术不端行为。
二、英语听力技巧英语听力是语言交际中的重要环节，也是学术研究中不可或缺的一部分。
本部分将教授学生如何提高听力理解能力，掌握听力技巧，以及如何准确捕捉和记录关键信息。
三、英语口语表达口语表达能力是国际交流中的关键技能。
这一部分将重点训练学生的语音、语调和语速，同时也会教授他们如何进行有效的交流和表达自己的观点。
四、英语阅读理解阅读是获取知识和信息的主要途径。
本部分将指导学生如何提高阅读速度和理解能力，培养他们分析和批判性思维的能力。
五、英语词汇扩充扩大词汇量是提高英语水平的基础。
这一部分将教授学生如何记忆和使用新词汇，同时也会介绍一些实用的词汇学习方法。
六、英语语法知识语法是语言的规则，掌握语法是准确表达的前提。
本部分将系统地复习和巩固学生的语法知识，以提高他们的语言表达准确性。
七、英语写作练习写作是英语输出的重要方式。
除了学术论文写作，学生还需要掌握其他类型的写作技能，如电子邮件、报告和提案等。
本部分将提供大量的写作实践机会，以提高学生的写作水平。
八、英语实际应用学习英语的最终目的是实际应用。
这一部分将教授学生如何在日常生活和工作中使用英语，包括参加国际会议、进行商务谈判、旅行等情境。
九、跨文化交际能力在全球化的背景下，跨文化交际能力变得越来越重要。
这一部分将介绍不同文化背景下的交际习惯和礼仪，培养学生的跨文化沟通能力。
综上所述，《研究生英语综合教程》旨在全面提高学生的英语水平和实际应用能力，使他们能够更好地适应国际化的学习和工作环境。
新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第一单元sectiona
文稿标题：探究新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第一单元Section A在新时代的教育改革中，研究生学术英语的重要性日益凸显。
本文将重点围绕新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第一单元Section A展开探讨，逐步深入，全面解读该部分内容，帮助读者更好地理解学术英语的精髓。
通过对该主题的深入挖掘，我们能够更加全面、深刻地把握研究生学术英语的要义和内涵。
1. Section A主题梳理1.1 了解研究生学术英语综合教程1第一单元Section A的主题在新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1中，第一单元Section A的主题主要集中在……[主题文字]。
本部分的内容涉及……1.2 Section A的重要性对于研究生而言，研究生学术英语是他们的学术交流和学术研究的桥梁。
而Section A的学习对于建立扎实的学术英语基础具有重要意义。
本部分内容将帮助学生……[主题文字]。
1.3 Section A内容特点在Section A中，我们能够发现……[主题文字]。
这些内容特点体现出……2. 深度解读Section A内容2.1 Section A的主要内容本节中所涉及的内容主要包括……[主题文字]。
这些内容对于学生理解学术英语的……[主题文字]。
2.2 Section A的知识点解析在阅读和学习Section A的过程中，我们发现了几个重要的知识点，比如……[主题文字]。
这些知识点的深入理解将有助于……[主题文字]。
2.3 Section A的理解与运用通过对Section A的深度解读，我们能够更好地理解其中的理论知识，并能够将其运用到……[主题文字]。
3. 总结与思考3.1 总结Section A的核心观点通过对Section A内容的探究，我们可以明确认识到……[主题文字]。
这些核心观点对于我们学习和运用学术英语具有积极的指导意义。
3.2 对Section A的个人理解本文作者认为，Section A中的……[主题文字]。
(完整版)研究生英语综合教程-下课后习题答案
Task 11. provinces b.2. woke a.3.haunt b.4.trouble a.5.weathers d.6.wakeb.7.coined c.8. trouble b.9.weather c. 10. province c. 11. coin a. 12. value a.13. haunts a. 14. has promised a. 15. trouble c. 16. coin b. 17. promise d, 18. values c. 19. refrain b. 20. valued e.Task 21. tranquil2. ultimately3. aftermath4. cancel out5.ordeal6.drastic7. legacy8. deprivations9. suicidal 10. anticipated 11. preoccupied 12. adversities 13. aspires 14. nostalgia 15, retrospectTask 31. a mind-blowing experience2.built-in storage space3.self-protection measures4. short-term employment5.distorted and negative self-perception6. life-changing events7. all-encompassing details8.a good self-imageUnit TwoTask1I. A. entertainment B. entertaining2. A.attached B.attachment3.A.historically B. historic4. A. innovative B. Innovations5. A. flawed B. flawless6.A.controversy B. controversial7. A. revise B. revisions8. mentary B. commentator9.A. restrictive B. restrictions10.10. A.heroic B. heroicsTask 21. ethnic2.corporate3.tragic4. athletic5. underlie6. stack7. intrinsic8. revenue9. engrossed 10. awardTask 31) revenues 2)receipts 3) economic 4)rewards 5)athletes6) sponsor 7)spectators 8) maintain 9) availability 10) stadiums 11) anticipated 12) publicityUnit Three1.B 2, D 1 A 4, C 5, A 6.B 7,C 8. A 9.B 10. CTask2LA. discrete B. discreet C. discretion2.A. auditors B. auditorium C. audit D. auditory E. audited1 A. conception B.contrivance C. contrive D. conceive4.A. giggling B. gasped C. gargling D. gossip5.A. affectionate B. passion C. affection D. passionate6.A.reluctant B. relentless C. relevant7.A. reverence B. reverent C. revere8.A. peeping/peep B.peered C. perceive D.poringTask31) gain 2) similarities 3) diverse 4)enrich 5) perspective6)discover 7)challenging 8) specific 9)adventure 10)enlightens11) opportunities 12) memories 13) joyful 14) outweighs 15) span)Unit FourTask 11) uncomfortable 2)reading 3)immerse 4)deep 5) access 6)concentration 7)stopped 8)altered 9)change 10) different 11)decoders12) disengaged 13) variations 14) words 15) tighterTask 21.D2.A3. B4.B5.D6. A7. C8. CTask 1Step 1l)i 2)f 3)a 4)b 5)h 6)j 7)c 8)e 9)d 10)gStep 21)fidgety2)crushing3)pithy4) foraging5) definitive ,6)propelled7) applauded8) ubiquity9) duly10) curtailTask 21. above2.on3. to4.on5.on/about6. to 7 .with 8. at 9. on/about10. in Task 31. may have a subtle effect on2.provide free access toe-books3. isinthe midst ofa sea change4. has been onthe faculty ofHarvard University5.a voracious book reader6. you'll stay focused onit7. the conduit for information8.your check came asanabsolute godsend9. lost the thread ofthe story10. stroll through elegant proseTask 11.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12D.13.D14.A15.BTask21.sheer2.slip3desert4. revenge5.sheered6. level7.deserted8.skirted9.protested10. duplicates11. level12. revenge13.skirt14. protests15. slip16.duplicate Unit SixTask 1I.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C lI.B 12.ATask21. Water isnot an effective shield2.engulfed inflames3.the rights ofsovereign nations4. outpaced its rivals inthe market5. There's no need tobelabor the point6. She invoked several eminent scholars7. from two embattled villages8. According tothe witness's testimony9. Inspite ofour best endeavors10. After many trials and tribulationsTask21) remain2) childish3)reaffirm4)precious5)equal6)measure7)greatness8) journey9)leisure10) fame11) obscure12) prosperityUnit SevenTask1I.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.BTask21. patrons b.2.designated b.3. reference d.4. inclination c5. host d.6. diffusing b.7. host c8.inclination a.9. references c.10. patrons a.11. reference a.12. host a.13. diffuses a..14. designate a.15. designate c.Task31) alive2)awakened3) trip4)stone5)remains6)beyond7)records8)social 9)across10) surrounding11) mental12) miracle13) having14) failure15) participateUnit EightTask 11.B2.D3. A4.B5.A6. D7. D8.A9. A 10. CTask21. A. outburst B.bursting C. outbreak2.A. adverse B.adversity C. advised3.A. distinguishes B.distinct C. distinguished4.A. sight/vision B. view C. outlook D. visions5. A. implicit B.implicit/implied C. underlying6.A.washed B. awash C. washing7.A. jumped/sprang B. springs C.leap D.jumped8. A. trail B. trail/track C. traceD. trackE.trace9.A. sensed B.sensible C. senseD. sensitiveE.sensational10.A. prosperous B.prosperity C. prospects D. prophecyTask31)echoes2) pays heed to3)hidden4) objectively5) decipher6)presence7)conviction 8)shot9)however10) slaughter11) bare12) trim13) are connected to14) strive15) yield Unit NineTask 11.A2.B3.D4.A5.B6.B7.C8.A9.C 10.DTask2I. explain, plain, complained, plain2. tolerate, tolerant, tolerance3. consequence,sequence,consequent4. commerce, commercial, commercial, commercialism, commercially5. arouse, arising, arise, arousal6. irritant, irritation, irritable, irritate7. democratic, dynamic, automated, dramatic8. dominate, dominant, predominant, predominate9. celebrate, celebrity, celebrated, celebration10. temporal, contemporary, temporaryTask3I) encompassing2)standard3)constraints4)presented5)resolution6) constitute7) entertainment8) interchangeably9) distinction10) fuzzy11) technically12) devoted to13) ranging14) competing15) biasesUnit TenTask 11) beware of2)unpalatable3)delineate4) Ingrained5) amplify6) supplanted7) pin down8)discretionary9) stranded10)swept throughTask21. that happy-to-be-alive attitude2.anl-told-you-so air3. the-end-justifies-the-means philosophy4.Aheart-in-the-mouth moment5.a now-or-never chance6. a touch-and-go situation7.a wait-and-see attitude8.too-eager-not-to-lose9.a cards-on-the-table approach10. anine-to-five lifestyle11.a look-who's-talking tone12. around-the-clock service13. a carrot-and-stick approach14. a rags-to-riches man15. a rain-or-shine picnicTask3I) exquisite2)soothe3)equivalent4)literally5)effective6)havoc7)posted8)notify9) clumsy10) autonomously。
高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程(下)熊海虹【打印版】1-6-9-10词汇
Unit 1Task1Task21. The __tranquil（安宁的）_ atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might _ultimately（最终）_ lead to even more job losses.3. In the __aftermath（余波）__ of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity __cancel out（抵消）__ her occasional flashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _ordeal（折磨）__.6. Foreign food aid has led to a __drastic（猛烈的）_ reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.7. Perhaps her most important __legacy（遗产）__ was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other __deprivations（匮乏）_ during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove ___suicidal（自我毁灭）__ for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than ____anticipated（预料的）__.11. The experience was enough to keep him ____preoccupied_（心事重重）__ for some time.12. The road to happiness is paved with __adversities（逆境）__.13. She __aspires（渴望）____ to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by ___nostalgia（思乡情）__ for the surroundings of his happy youth.15. In ___retrospect（回顾）_, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.Task31. Watching your baby being born is __a mind-blowing experience___ (极其令人兴奋的经历).2. There is _built-in storage space__ (内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms.3. This handout focuses on ___self-protection measures__ (自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions.4. I’m sure we could offer you some ___short-term employment__ (短期的工作).5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a ___distorted and negative self-perception__ (歪曲的、否定的自我观念)?6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing _life-changing events_ (改变了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me.7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in __all-encompassing details__ (无所不包的细节).8. Having a decent job contributes to ___a good self-image__ (一个好的自我形象).Unit 6Task11. Slavery was abolished（废除）in the United States in the 19th century. (Ended)2. I’ll never be unfaithful again. I give you my solemn（严肃的）word. (Serious)3. Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? (Celebrate)4. Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth. (Search)5. Management has given a pledge（保证）that there will be no job losses this year. (Promise)6. These monuments are a vital part of the culture heritage（继承）of South America. (Inheritance)7. Signing this form commits you to buying the goods. (Obligates)（使。
研究生综合英语第7单元
第七单元令人烦恼的二十年岁盖尔·希伊The trying twenties confronts us with the question of how to take hold in the adult world. Incandescent with our energies having outgrown the family and the formlessness of our transiting years, we are impatient to pour ourselves in the exactly right form—our own way of living in the world. Or while looking for it, we want to try out some provisional form. For now we are not only trying to prove ourselves competent in the larger society but intensely aware of being on trial.令人烦恼的二十年岁使我们面临的问题是应如何在成人世界里立足。
这时的我们精力最为充沛，已不再需要家庭的呵护，也已度过了转型期的稚嫩，正急于寻求一种最适合自己的生活——在这个世界上属于我们自己的生活方式。
或者说，在寻求生活模式之际，我们想尝试一下某种过渡性的方式，因为此刻我们不仅在努力证实自己在较大社会环境中的能力，而且还强烈地意识到正在进行尝试。
Graduate student is a sage and familiar form for those who can afford it. Working toward a degree is something young people already know how to do. It postpones having to prove oneself in the bigger, bullying arena. Very few Americans had such a privilege before World War II; they reached the jumping-off point by the tender age of 16 or 18 or20 and had to make their move ready or not. But today, a quarter of a century is often spend before an individual is expected or expects himself to fix his life’s course. Or more. Given the permissiveness to experiment, the prolonged schooling available, and the moratoria allowed, it is not unusual for an adventurer to be nearly 30 before firmly setting a course.对那些经济上能承受的人来说，读研究生是一种既稳妥又熟悉的方式。
研究生学术英语口头表达(研究生英语综合教程)
研究生学术英语口头表达(研究生英语综合教程)全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Academic English Speaking for Big KidsHi there! I'm going to tell you all about how to speak really good English for when you are a big kid in college. It's super important to learn this stuff if you want to be a master student and get your fancy graduate degree one day.First up, you gotta know all the right words to use. In regular English we say things like "I did my homework" or "That dog is cute!" But in academic English, you have to use much fancier words. Like instead of "homework" you say "assignment" and instead of "cute dog" you say "an aesthetically pleasing canine."There are tons of great big words you need to learn too. Words like "methodology" instead of just saying "way of doing something." Or "persevere" instead of "keep trying." Using all these big vocabulary words makes you sound way smarter and more academic. It's kind of like a secret code that only smart big kids know!Another key thing is speaking properly with great grammar. You can't just say "I no went to class" or "Me hungry." No way! Proper academic speaking requires perfect grammar. You must say "I did not attend the lecture" and "I am experiencing hunger." Use complete sentences and all the right verb tenses. Getting grammar right is mega important.Next up is how you actually speak out loud. One of the biggest rules is you have to project your voice and enunciate clearly. Don't mumble or talk too quiet. Stick your chin out, open your mouth wide, and speak loudy and proudly! But don't just yell either. You want to talk at a nice steady volume that everyone can hear.Pace is also key. You can't just rapidly fire out all your words likethisallruntogetherinabigmess. Take your time, leave little pauses between sentences and phrases. Speak slowly, clearly, and with intention. Don't be a rusher!When you give presentations, you have to avoid just reading straight off some paper too. Make eye contact with your audience, look up at them as you speak. Maybe have just some little notes to glance at, but don't just stare down constantly. Engage with your listeners!Using transition words and phrases is super vital as well. You can't just jump randomly between ideas. You have to smoothly connect your thoughts together with transitions like: "Additionally..." "Moreover..." "Furthermore..." "In contrast..." "However..." See how I used "Additionally" right there? Smooth as butter!Oh and don't forget to vary your intonation too. Don't just speak in a totally monotone boring voice the whole time. Raise the Pitch? Of your voice to convey importance. And then lower it to add emphasis or introduce a new point. Shake things up with your intonation, but don't go totally crazy overboard.One last big point - try to avoid filler words as much as you can. You know, those little utterances like "umm," "uhh," "like," etc. That just makes you sound improperly prepared or not confident in your speaking. If you need a pause, just stay silent for a moment instead of throwing in those filler words.Whew, that's a lot to remember! Fancy vocabulary, pristine grammar, loud and clear speaking, smooth pacing, engaging your audience, using transitions, varying intonation, and omitting filler words. If you can master all those skills, you'll be the most academic speaker ever!Just practice a ton, especially out loud. Maybe start by just reading academic texts out loud to yourself, working on all those delivery elements. Then move to presenting to a small group, and eventually whole lectures and conferences! The more you practice, the better an academic speaker you'll become.Well, I sincerely hope these tips help you big kids out there. Let me know if any part was too advanced for my elementary student level explanations! Speaking proper academic English may seem super hard now, but just persevere and you'll get there. It'll be worth it when you're an ultra-smart master grad student one day! Okay, see you later academic overachievers!篇2Graduate Academic English Oral Expression (Big Word Class)Hi there! My name is Tommy, and I'm going to tell you all about this really cool class called "Graduate Academic English Oral Expression." It's part of something called the "Comprehensive Graduate English Course," which sounds super fancy, doesn't it?Okay, so this class is all about learning how to speak English really, really well. Not just regular English, but the kind of English that big kids and grown-ups use when they're talking aboutimportant stuff at school or work. It's like learning a special language just for smart people!The first thing we learned in this class is how to give presentations. You know, standing up in front of everyone and talking about something you've been studying. It's kind of scary at first, but our teacher showed us some really cool tricks to make it easier. Like, you can use these things called "visual aids" to help everyone understand what you're saying. They're like big pictures or drawings that you can point to while you're talking. That way, if someone doesn't get what you're saying, they can just look at the pictures and it'll make more sense.Another thing we learned is how to have discussions with other people. This is really important for when you're in a big group and everyone has to share their ideas and opinions. Our teacher taught us how to politely disagree with someone without being mean or rude. We also learned how to ask questions in a way that shows we're really interested in what the other person is saying.One of my favorite things we did in this class was something called "debate." It's like a friendly argument where two teams have to pick sides and try to convince everyone else that their side is right. It's kind of like a game, but you have to use reallygood reasons and evidence to win. It's super fun, and it also helps you get better at thinking quickly and speaking clearly.Oh, and we also learned about something called "academic vocabulary." These are special words that smart people use when they're talking about serious topics. Words like "hypothesis," "methodology," and "empirical." At first, they sounded like gibberish to me, but our teacher helped us understand what they mean and how to use them properly.Overall, this class was really helpful for learning how to talk like a grown-up scholar or researcher. It's not always easy, but it's really important if you want to be taken seriously in the academic world. Plus, it's kind of cool to be able to use all those fancy words and impress your friends and family!Well, that's about all I can tell you about the "Graduate Academic English Oral Expression" class. I hope you found it interesting and maybe even a little bit fun! Let me know if you have any other questions, and I'll do my best to explain it in a way that even a kid like me can understand.Thanks for reading, and have a great day!篇3Speaking English Like a Smart Grown-Up Graduate StudentHi there kids! Today we're going to learn about how to speak really good English when you are a big graduate student at university. Graduate students are people who have already finished their bachelor's degrees and are now studying even harder subjects to become super duper smart experts!When you are a graduate student, it's really important to be able to speak proper academic English clearly and confidently. Academic English is the fancy language smart grown-ups use when talking about complex ideas and research at universities. It's a bit different than the everyday English we use to chat with friends.One of the most important things is using precise vocabulary words. That means choosing your words very carefully to explain exactly what you mean. Instead of saying something is "good", you might say it is "valid" or "methodologically sound." Using fancier, more technical terms shows you really know your stuff!Another key part of academic speaking is structuring your ideas logically. You can't just ramble on about whatever pops into your head. You have to organize your thoughts into a clear introduction, body points, and conclusion. It's like a sandwich - the intro is the first slice of bread where you state your main idea,the body points are the delicious fillings where you explain and support that idea, and the conclusion is the other slice of bread that wraps it all up nicely.For example, if I was giving a presentation about my favorite comic book superhero, first I would introduce who that superhero is and what makes them so awesome in the intro. Then for the body points, I'd discuss their super powers, their back story, fun adventures they've been on, and why I look up to them so much. Finally, in the conclusion I would summarize how extraordinarily amazing this superhero is and why everyone should look up to them too!When speaking academically, you also have to use lots of transition words and phrases to connect your ideas smoothly. Some examples are "Additionally..." to add on a new point, "However..." to introduce a contrasting viewpoint, and "In summary..." to restate the main idea. Using transitions is like greasing a swing set - it helps your sentences glide together nicely instead of getting all stuck and choppy.Lastly, you have to cite your sources if you refer to other people's ideas or research. That means saying things like "According to Dr. Batman's theories on crime fighting..." or "As the recent study by Wonder Woman University has indicated..."You can't just make things up or pass off others' thoughts as your own - that's called plagiarism and it's considered very naughty in academics!Wow, speaking like an academic expert sure requires a lot of skills, doesn't it? Don't worry though, with practice and hard work, you can master it. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be the smartest superhero professor ever, amazing audiences with your brilliant words and ideas!Okay, I think that's enough about fancy graduate student speaking for now. Who wants ice cream?!篇4Speaking Good English at UniversityHi there friends! Today we're going to learn about how to speak really great English when you go to university to get your master's degree or PhD. It's super important to practice speaking clearly and confidently.First up, let's talk about presentations. In university classes, you'll probably have to give lots of presentations in front of your professors and classmates. Presentations are when you stand upand talk for a while about a topic, usually using some slides on a big screen.The key things to remember for great presentations are: Speak slowly and loudly enough for everyone to hear you. Look up at the audience instead of just reading off the slides. Use gestures like hand motions to help get your point across. And at the end, you can open it up for questions if anyone needs something explained better.Another huge part of grad school English is taking part in discussions. Your professors will want you to share your ideas and thoughts on the topics you're studying. Don't be shy! When you have something to contribute, raise your hand and speak up. Use clear language to explain your perspective. If you disagree with someone, you can say "I see your point, however I have a different view..." And be sure to make eye contact with others as they speak too.Sometimes you might get stuck and can't think of the word you want to say in English. That's okay, it happens to everyone! You can use phrases like "In other words..." or "What I mean is..." to rephrase what you're trying to say. Don't be afraid to ask the professor "How do you say __ in English?" if you're really stuck.For things like office hours or emailing your professor, you'll want to be polite and formal. Start emails with "Dear Professor Smith," and sign off with "Best regards," or "Thank you for your time." Using the right titles like Dr. or Professor shows respect.One last super important skill is understanding different accents. Your professors and classmates might come from all over the world. If someone's accent is really strong and you can't quite make out what they're saying, it's okay to politely ask them to repeat themselves or speak a bit slower.Wow, speaking academic English sure involves a lot of different skills, doesn't it? But don't worry, it just takes practice. The more opportunities you get to speak up in classes, the better you'll get. Pretty soon, your English communication skills will be awesome and you'll be acing your courses like a pro!So what do you think? Does talking about research and complex topics in English still seem scary? Just remember to speak clearly and confidently, and don't be afraid to ask questions if you need help. You've got this! Let me know if any part of academic speaking still seems confusing. I'm happy to explain things in an even simpler way.篇5Academic English Speaking for Big KidsHi there! Are you a big kid who wants to go to an even bigger school after college? That's what we call "graduate school." If you want to go there, you'll need to learn how to speak really good English for your classes and talking to your professors and other big kids. Let me tell you all about it!First of all, you have to understand that academic English is a little different than the English you use when talking to your friends or family. It's the special language that smart people use when they talk about important ideas and research at school. It has longer words, more complex sentences, and requires you to explain your thoughts very clearly.One of the most important things in academic speaking is what we call "academic vocabulary." These are fancy words that scholars and scientists use a lot like "hypothesis," "methodology," "empirical," and "paradigm." Using these words makes you sound really smart and shows that you understand the big concepts you're discussing.But just throwing in big vocabulary words isn't enough - you also need to be able to construct logical, well-structured arguments. That means breaking down your ideas into clear main points, explaining them with lots of evidence and examples,and tying it all together with transitions like "furthermore," "moreover," and "in conclusion."Another key part of academic speaking is being able to analyze and critique others' ideas. You can't just accept everything you read or hear as truth. You have to look at it from multiple angles, compare different viewpoints, and give your own evaluations, agreeing or disagreeing with reasons. Phrases like "One limitation of this approach..." or "A potential counterargument is..." will help you do this.Giving presentations is super important too. You'll probably have to give talks and PowerPoint presentations for many of your classes. Public speaking can be scary, but there are lots of tips that can help: practice out loud, make eye contact with the audience, speak slowly and clearly, and don't read straight off the slides. Using visual aids like graphs and charts is also useful to help explain your ideas.One of the hardest parts of academic speaking is participating in class discussions. Your professors will expect you to ask and answer questions, respectfully disagree with others, share your own perspectives, and keep the conversation going. You have to listen actively, take notes on what others say, andpolitely jump in with phrases like "Excuse me, I'd like to build on that point..." or "I have a different view..."Finally, as a big kid in grad school, you'll probably have to communicate with professors during office hours or by email. This requires very professional and formal language. Always start with "Dear Professor..." and avoid short, casual phrases you'd use with friends. Explain your purpose clearly, use academic vocabulary, and end politely with "Thank you for your attention to this matter" or something similar.Whew, that's a lot to remember! Don't worry though, speaking great academic English just takes practice. The more chances you get to participate in discussions, give presentations, and communicate with your big kid colleagues and professors, the easier it will become. Pretty soon, you'll be an expert at sounding super smart and impressing everyone around you!Let me know if any part of academic speaking seems too tricky. I'm happy to explain things further or give you more examples. The most important thing is that you keep trying your best and don't get discouraged. You've got this, big kid!篇6Let's Talk About Speaking English at University!Hi there friends! Are you getting ready to go to university someday? Maybe you're thinking about becoming a master student and getting an advanced degree. If so, you'll need to learn how to speak really good English for your studies and research. It's called Academic English, and it's kind of like a special language just for smart university stuff!I know what you're thinking - English is already hard enough, right? Well, don't worry, I'm here to explain Academic English Oral Expression in a way that even a kid can understand. It'll be like a fun adventure into the world of university talking!First up, why is it so important to speak proper Academic English? Well, when you're a university student, you have to give lots of presentations in class about your research projects and papers you've written. The teachers and professors want to make sure you really know what you're talking about in a clear and educated way.It's kind of like when you have to give a speech in front of your class at school, except at university the speeches are all about super complex topics and subjects that you've spent years studying. So the professors are looking for you to use just the right vocabulary words, grammar, and style of speaking.For example, instead of saying "I looked at dogs for my project", in Academic English you might say "The research endeavor I pursued centered on an examination of canine subjects." See? It's a lot fancier and more scientific sounding!Another key part of Academic Oral English is making sure you explain things very logically and step-by-step. You can't just ramble on like we do when we're talking to our friends. You have to really organize and structure your speaking in a clear way, almost like telling a story with an introduction, supporting details, and a conclusion. It's a skill that takes lots of practice.Here's a silly example of what I mean: Let's say you wanted to explain to your professor how you baked a cake for your mom's birthday. In casual conversation, you might just say "I baked a cake for my mom and it was really yummy!" But in Academic English Oral Expression, you'd say something like:"For the purposes of providing a culinary offering to celebrate the anniversary of my mother's birth, I initiated a process of baking cake batter, which was then cooked at the appropriate temperature for the prescribed period of time. The final product was an aesthetic and gustatory success."See how I stated it all formally, with technical vocabulary, and a logical sequence of introduction, method, and conclusion? That's the Academic English way!Whew, I know it sounds pretty intense! Speaking excellent Academic Oral English is definitely one of the biggest challenges for university students. But if you start preparing now with the right practices, you'll be a master speaker before you know it!In fact, let me leave you with a top tip - one of the best ways to get better at Academic English speaking is to just read out loud to yourself using an academic voice. You can take any advanced books, journals or papers and practice reading them slowly, properly, and with perfect delivery. Kids may laugh at。
【精】研究生综合英语精华词汇【最终完整版】
研究生综合英语教材精华词汇○A aboveboardadj.光明正大的absolved[əbˈzɔlv]vt.赦免abusive[☜♌◆♦♓]adj.辱骂的, 滥用的abyss[☜♌♓♦]n.深渊accentuate[✌♦♏⏹♦◆♏♓♦]v.重读, 强调, 着重强调accepted[☜♦♏☐♦♓♎] adj.一般承认的, 公认的accuratelyadv.正确地, 精确地accustomed[☜✈♦♦☜❍♎] adj.通常的, 习惯的, 按照风俗习惯的acquisitive[☜♦♓♓♦♓] adj.想获得的, 有获得可能性的, 可学到的acquit[☜♦♓♦]vt.宣告无罪, 脱卸义务和责任, 还清(债务)adamant[ ✌♎☜❍☜⏹♦]adj.坚硬的addiction[☜♎♓☞☜⏹]n.沉溺, 上瘾additional[☜♎♓☞☜⏹●]adj.另外的, 附加的, 额外的adhered[ədˈhiə]vi.粘附,附着；遵守,坚持；追随,支持admonished[ədˈmɔniʃ]vt.告诫admonition[✌♎❍☜⏹♓☞☜⏹] n.警告adorned[əˈdɔ:n]vt.装饰，使生色affectionate[☜♐♏☞☜⏹♓♦]adj.亲爱的, 挚爱的affiliate[☜♐♓●♓♏♓♦]v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员affirmative[☜♐☜❍☜♦♓]adj.肯定的, (对正式辩论中的问题)表示赞成的, (态度, 方法等)积极的, 乐观的, 怀有希望的n.肯定语afflicted[əˈflikt]vt.使苦恼，折磨affront[☜♐❒✈⏹♦]n.公开侮辱, 轻蔑vt.公开侮辱, 冒犯, 面对aggrandized[əˈgrændaiz]vt.增大aggressive[☜♈❒♏♦♓]adj.好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的ailment[ ♏♓●❍☜⏹♦]n.疾病(尤指微恙), 不宁, 不安akin[☜♓⏹]adj.同族的, 类似的alerted[əˈlə:t]a.警觉的vt.使警惕n.戒备；警报alleged[☜●♏♎✞♎]adj.声称的, 所谓的allergy[ ✌●☜♎✞♓]n.[医]敏感症, <口>反感allocation[ ✌●☜◆♏♓☞☜⏹]n.分配, 安置aloof[☜●◆♐]adv.避开, 远离adj.孤零的, 冷淡的altered[ˈɔ:ltə]v.改变，改动，变更alternative[ ●♦☜⏹☜♦♓]n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的ambiguous[ ✌❍♌♓♈◆☜♦]adj.暧昧的, 不明确的amenable[☜❍♓⏹☜♌●]adj.应服从的, 有服从义务的, 有责任的amendments[əˈmendmənt]n.改正，修正amiable[ ♏♓❍☜♌●]adj.亲切的, 和蔼可亲的amok[☜❍]adj.杀人狂adv.狂乱地, 杀气腾腾地amour[☜❍◆☜]n.奸情, 恋情analytical[ ✌⏹☜●♓♦♓☜●]adj.分析的, 解析的animal-borne动物源性anonymous[☜⏹⏹♓❍☜♦]adj.匿名的antagonistic[✌⏹♦✌♈☜⏹♓♦♦♓]adj.反对的, 敌对的anthropologist[ ✌⏹❒☜☐●☜♎✞♓♦♦]n.人类学者, 人类学家antipathy[✌⏹♦♓☐☜♓]n.憎恶, 反感anxious[ ✌☠☞☜♦]adj.观念的, 担忧的, 渴望的, 盼望的apathetic[ ✌☐☜♏♦♓]adj.缺乏兴趣的, 缺乏感情的, 无动于衷的apathy[ ✌☐☜♓]n.缺乏感情或兴趣, 冷漠appalling[☜☐●♓☠]adj.令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的apparent[☜☐✌❒☜⏹♦]adj.显然的, 外观上的apprehend[ ✌☐❒♓♒♏⏹♎] v.领会理解apprehensively[.æpri'hensivli] adv. 担心地, 忧虑地aptitude[ ✌☐♦♓♦◆♎]n.恰当, 智能, 聪明, 自然倾向archaic[ ♏♓♓]adj.古老的, 古代的, 陈旧的ardent[ ♎☜⏹♦]adj.热心的, 热情洋溢的, 激烈的,燃烧般的argentine[ ♎✞☜⏹♦♋♓⏹] n.银, 银色素, 银色工艺材料adj.银的, 银色的n.阿根廷人adj.阿根廷的array[əˈrei]n.展示；排列;盛装vt.排列;打扮arrogant[ ✌❒☜♈☜⏹♦]adj.傲慢的, 自大的articulate[ ♦♓◆●♓♦] adj.有关节的, 发音清晰的vt.用关节连接, 接合, 清晰明白地说ascribe[əˈskraib]vt.(to)把…归因于；把…归属于assertion[☜♦☜☞☜⏹]n.主张, 断言, 声明assertive[☜♦☜♦♓]adj.断定的, 过分自信的assiduously[ə'sidʒuəsli]adv. 刻苦地, 不懈地assimilate[☜♦♓❍♓●♏♓♦]v.吸收assumptive [ə'sʌmptiv]adj. 假定的, 想当然的, 自负的,傲慢的assurance[əˈʃuərəns]n.把握，信心；保证；(人寿)保险atheist[ ♏♓♓♓♦♦]n.无神论者attachment[☜♦✌♦☞❍☜⏹♦]n.附件, 附加装置, 配属attainable[☜♦♏♓⏹☜♌●]adj.可到达的, 可得到的attain[əˈtein]vt.达到，获得attainment[əˈteinmənt]n.完成，成就attest [əˈtest]vt.证实attic[ ✌♦♓]n.阁楼, 顶楼, [解剖](耳的)鼓室上的隐窝attribute [ˈætribju:t, əˈtribju:t]vt.(to)把…归因于n.属性，特性auction[ ☞☜⏹]n.拍卖vt.拍卖aura[ ❒☜]n.气氛, 气味, (圣象头部的)光环[医]先兆, 预感austere[ ♦♦♓☜]adj.严峻的, 严厉的, 操行上一丝不苟的, 简朴的authentic[ ♏⏹♦♓]adj.可信的autonomous[ ♦⏹☜❍☜♦]adj.自治的autopilotn. 自动驾驶仪avail[☜♏♓●]vi.有益于, 有帮助, 有用, 有利vt.有利于n.效用, 利益aversion[☜☜☞☜⏹]n.厌恶, 讨厌的事和人avert [əˈvə:t]vt.防止，避免；转移(注意力等)awful[ ♐◆●]adj.可怕的, 威严的, <口>极度的,糟糕的awkward[ ♦☜♎]adj.难使用的, 笨拙的○Bbackhanded[♌✌♒✌⏹♎✋♎]adj.反手拍击的, 间接的bail[♌♏♓●]n.保释, 保证金, 保证人v.保释, 舀水bait[♌♏♓♦]n.饵, 诱惑物vt.以饵引诱(动物), 把饵装上,欺负, 折磨vi.中途休息bang[♌✌☠]n.重击, 突然巨响v.发巨响, 重击banish[ ♌✌⏹♓☞]vt.流放, 驱逐, 消除barrage [ˈbærɑ:ʒ]n.火力网，弹幕barrel [ˈbærəl]n.桶；筒，枪(或炮)管vi.快速移动based[♌♏✋♦♦]v.立基于, 基于..., 以...为基础,vbl.建立,装置bashful[ ♌✌☞♐◆●]adj.害羞的beast[bi:st]n.野兽，牲畜；凶残的人，令人厌憎的人bejeweledv. 给 ... 饰以珠宝, 以宝石镶嵌adj. 用珠宝装饰的belittle[♌♓●♓♦●]vt.轻视, 使渺小, 使...显得渺小belong [biˈlɔŋ]vi.应归入；适应;(to)属于benevolent[♌♓⏹♏☜●☜⏹♦]adj.慈善的benighted[♌♓⏹♋♓♦♓♎]adj.赶路到天黑的, 愚昧的benign[♌♓⏹♋♓⏹]adj.(病)良性的, (气候)良好的, 仁慈的, 和蔼的bequeath [biˈkwi:ð]vt.遗赠beseech[♌♓♦♓♦☞]v.恳求, 哀求beset[♌♓♦♏♦]v.困扰besiege [biˈsi:dʒ]vt.围攻，围困；围住，拥在…周围bestow[♌♓♦♦☜◆]vt.给予, 安放betray [biˈtrei]vt.背叛；失信于；泄露；暴露bewildering[♌✋♊♦✋●♎☜❒✋☠] adj.令人困惑的, 使人混乱的bewitch[♌♓♦♓♦☞]vt.施魔法于, 蛊惑, 迷人Biblical ['biblikəl]adj. 圣经的bizarre[♌♓]adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等) boiler[ ♌♓●☜]n.煮器(锅,壶的统称), 汽锅, 锅炉bolster[ˈbəulstə]vt.支撑boost[♌◆♦♦]v.推进bored adj.无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的boredom[ ♌♎☜❍]n.厌倦borrow[ ♌❒☜◆]v.借, 借入, 借用bottom[ ♌♦☜❍]n.底, 底部, 尽头, 末端adj.底部的vt.装底, 查明真相, 测量深浅vi.到达底部, 建立基础boundless[ ♌♋☺⏹♎●✋♦]adj.无限的, 无边无际的boyhood[♊♌✋♒☺♎]n.少年时代brain-racking脑货架brainwashed['breinwɔʃ]vt. 对(人)实行洗脑, 通过宣传说服n. 洗脑brake [breik]n.闸，刹车v.刹车;减速bribe [braib]vt.向…行贿，买通n.贿赂，行贿物bridle [ˈbraidl]vt.约束brim[♌❒♓❍]n.(杯, 碗等)边, 边缘, (河)边vt.注满, 使满溢vi.满溢brisklyadv.活泼地, 精神勃勃地brood [bru:d]vi.(on,over,about)沉思；孵蛋n.一窝brushed…down刷下来...brushed…off刷过...brushed…up刷...注册bunch[♌✈⏹♦☞]n.串, 束v.捆成一束bundle[ ♌✈⏹♎●]n.捆, 束, 包v.捆扎bury [ˈberi]vt.埋葬，葬；掩埋，埋藏，掩藏burry ['bə:ri]adj. 多刺的bustling[♊♌✈♦●✋☠]adj.熙熙攘攘的, 忙乱的bypass[ ♌♋✋☐♦]n.旁路vt.设旁路, 迂回○Ccallous[ ✌●☜♦]adj.无情的, 冷淡的, 硬结的, 起老茧的callow[ ✌●☜◆]adj.年轻而无经验的, (鸟)未生羽毛的capacity[ ☜☐✌♦♓♦♓]n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位capital[ ✌☐♓♦☜●]n.首都, 首府, 大写字母, 资本,资金, 资产adj.首都的, 重要的, 死罪的, 大写的, <口>极好的capitalist[ ✌☐♓♦☜●♓♦♦]n.资本家, 资本主义者adj.资本主义的caprice [kəˈpri:s]n.反复无常；任性captain[ ✌☐♦♓⏹]n.队长, 首领, 船长, 机长, (空军,海军)上校, (陆军)上尉v.指挥, 统帅captivat[ˈkæptiveit]vt.迷住capture[ ✌☐♦☞☜]n.捕获, 战利品vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取caricature[ ✌❒♓☜♦◆☜]n.讽刺画, 漫画, 讽刺描述法, 歪曲(或拙劣)的模仿vt.画成漫画讽刺cast[ ♦♦]n.投掷, 铸件, 脱落物, 一瞥, 演员表v.投, 抛, 投射, 浇铸, 计算, 派(角色)castles [ˈkɑ:səl]n.城堡castrate[ ✌♦♦❒♏♓♦]vt.阉割, 将(雄性动物)去势, 删除, 去掉最重要的部分cataract [ˈkætərækt]n.大瀑布catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi]n.大灾难，灾祸cavity [ˈkæviti]n.洞，穴，凹处；龋洞celebrated[ ♦♏●♓♌❒♏♓♦♓♎]adj.著名的celibacy[ ♦♏●♓♌☜♦♓]n.独身生活chairperson ['tʃɛəpə:sn]n. 主席, 议长championship [ˈtʃæmpiənʃip]n.拥护；奋斗；锦标赛chant[♦☞⏹♦]n.圣歌character[ ✌❒♓♦☜]n.(事物的)特性, 性质, 特征(的总和), (人的)品质, 字符, 性格, 特征, 人物vt.写, 刻, 印, 使具有特征characterize[ ✌❒✋♦☜❒♋✋]vt.表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格charisma[ ☜❒♓❍☜]n.超凡魅力, 感召力, 教皇般的指导力charity[ ♦☞✌❒♓♦♓]n.慈善, 施舍, 慈善团体charter [ˈtʃɑ:tə]n.宪章；许可证；包租vt.租a.包租的chasm[ ✌☜❍]n.深坑, 裂口cherish[ ♦☞♏❒♓☞]vt.珍爱, 怀抱(希望等)chitchat ['tʃittʃæt]n. 闲谈, 聊天vi. 闲谈chivalry[ ☞♓☜●❒♓]n.骑士精神, 骑士制度Christianity[ ❒♓♦♦♓✌⏹♓♦♓]n.基督教chronic[ ❒⏹♓]adj.慢性的, 延续很长的chuckle [ˈtʃʌkl]vi.／n.轻声笑，咯咯笑citadel[ ♦♓♦☜♎☜●]n.根据地, 大本营cite [sait]vt.引用，引证；传唤，传讯；表彰，嘉奖civil[ ♦♓●]adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的, 民间的.民事的, 根据民法的, 文职的, 有礼貌的clamor[ ●✌❍☜]n.喧闹, 叫嚷, 大声的要求v.喧嚷, 大声的要求clamorous[ ●✌❍☜❒☜♦]adj.大喊大叫的clandestine[ ●✌⏹♎♏♦♦♓⏹]adj.秘密的clapped-outadj. 精疲力竭的, (物)毁环了的破烂的clergyman's牧师的clerk[ ●]n.职员, 办事员, <美> 店员cliff[ ●♓♐]n.悬崖, 绝壁climate[ ●♋♓❍♓♦]n.气候, 风土, 思潮climax[ ●♋♓❍✌♦]n.高潮, 顶点cling[ ●♓☠]vi.粘紧, 附着, 紧贴, 坚持(意见), 墨守(习惯)clinical[ ●♓⏹♓☜●]adj.临床的, 病房用的clinics [ˈklinik]n.门诊部，诊所clue[klu:]n.线索，提示clumsy[ ●✈❍♓]adj.笨拙的clustere聚类Coal [kəul]n.煤，煤块cobble ['kɔbl]n. 圆石, 鹅卵石, 圆石子路vt. 铺鹅卵石, 修, 拙劣地修补cog[ ♑]n.[机]嵌齿, 小船vt.上齿轮, 欺骗coincide [ˌkəuinˈsaid]vi.同时发生；相符；位置重合，重叠coincident[ ☜◆♓⏹♦♓♎☜⏹♦]adj.一致的, 符合的, 巧合的collaboration[ ☜●✌♌☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹]n.协作, 通敌collide [kəˈlaid]vi.碰撞，互撞；冲突，抵触column[ˈkɔləm]n.柱，圆柱；纵队，直行；栏，专栏(文章)comeback[ ✈❍♌✌]n.恢复, 复原comely[ ✈❍●♓]adj.清秀的, 标致的commensurable [kə'menʃərəbl]adj. 可公度的, 成比例的, 匀称的,可通分约分的commensurate[ ☜❍♏⏹☞☜❒♓♦]adj.相称的, 相当的comments注解, 注释commercials商业股票commit[ ☜❍♓♦]vt.犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责compassion[ ☜❍☐✌☞☜⏹] n.同情,怜悯compatible[ ☜❍☐✌♦☜♌●] adj.谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的compel[kəmˈpel]vt.强迫，迫使complacent[ ☜❍☐●♏♓♦⏹♦]adj.自满的, 得意的complacent[ ☜❍☐●♏♓♦⏹♦]adj.自满的, 得意的complaining[ ☜❍☐●♏♓⏹♓☠]adj.诉苦的, 抱怨的complaisant[ ☜❍☐●♏♓☜⏹♦]adj.彬彬有礼的, 殷勤的, 柔顺的compliance[ ☜❍☐●♋✋☜⏹♦]n.依从, 顺从complicity[ ☜❍☐●♓♦♓♦♓] n.同谋, 共犯compliment [ˈkɔmplimənt]n.赞美(话)[ pl.]问候vt.赞美，恭维comply[ ☜❍☐●♋♓]vi.顺从, 答应, 遵守component[ ☜❍☐☜◆⏹☜⏹♦]n.成分 adj.组成的, 构成的compositionscomprehend [ ❍☐❒♓♒♏⏹♎]vt.领会, 理解, 包括(包含),由...组成comprehensible[ ❍☐❒♓♒♏⏹♦☜♌●]adj.可理解的, 易于了解的comprehensive[ ❍☐❒♓♒♏⏹♦♓]adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的compressed[ ☜❍☐❒♏♦♦]adj.被压缩的, 扁平的comprise[ ☜❍☐❒♋✋]v.包含, 由...组成compromise[ ❍☐❒☜❍♋♓]n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全conceited[ ☜⏹♦♓♦♓♎]adj.自以为是的, 逞能的, 狂想的conceive [kənˈsi:v]vt./ vi.(of)构想出，设想；怀孕concession [kənˈseʃən]n.让步，妥协；特许(权)；承认，认可conclude[ ☜⏹●◆♎]v.结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论vt.推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定conclusive[ ☜⏹●◆♦♓]adj.确实的, 最后的, 决定性的concur[ ☜⏹☜]v.同时发生condemned[ ☜⏹♎♏❍♎]adj.被责难的, 被宣告有罪的conducive[ ☜⏹♎◆♦♓]n.有益于conduit[ ⏹♎♓♦]n.管道, 导管, 沟渠, 泉水, 喷泉confer[ ☜⏹♐☜]vt.授予(称号、学位等), 赠与,把...赠与, 协议v.协商, 交换意见confide[ ☜⏹♐♋♓♎]v.倾诉, 委托, 信赖confidential[ ⏹♐♓♎♏⏹☞☜●]adj.秘密的, 机密的confine [kənˈfain]vt.限制；使不外出，禁闭n.[ pl.]界限，范围conflagration[ ⏹♐●☜♈❒♏♓☞☜⏹]n.大火, 大火灾, 突发conflate [kən'fleit]vt. 合并confound [kənˈfaund]vt.使(思想)混乱congenial[ ☜⏹♎✞♓⏹☜●]adj.性格相似的, 适意的congruent[ ☠♈❒◆☜⏹♦]adj.适合的connive [kəˈnaiv]v.默许，共谋connotation[ ⏹☜◆♦♏♓☞☜⏹]n.含蓄, 储蓄的东西(词、语等),内涵Conquest[ ☠♦♏♦♦]n.征服n.战利品conscience[ ⏹☞☜⏹♦]n.良心, 道德心conservatism[ ☜⏹♦☜☜♦♓☜❍]n.保守主义, 守旧性consistency[ ☜⏹♦✋♦♦☜⏹♦✋]n.连结, 结合, 坚固性, 浓度, 密度, 一致性, 连贯性consistent[ ☜⏹♦♓♦♦☜⏹♦]adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的conspicuous[ ☜⏹♦☐♓◆☜♦]adj.显着的conspiracy[ ☜⏹♦☐♓❒☜♦♓] n.共谋, 阴谋constantly[ ⏹♦♦☜⏹♦●✋] adv.不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地constitutional[ ⏹♦♦♓♦◆☞☜⏹☜●]adj.构成的, 增强体质的, 宪法的, 拥护宪法的constraint [kənˈstreint]n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物contemporary[ ☜⏹♦♏❍☐☜❒☜❒♓]n.同时代的人adj.当代的, 同时代的context[ ⏹♦♏♦♦]n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contingent[ ☜⏹♦♓⏹♎✞☜⏹♦]adj.可能发生的, 附随的, 暂时的n.偶然的事情, 分遣队contradict[ ⏹♦❒☜♎♓♦] vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contrast[ ⏹♦❒✌♦♦]vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异contrivance[ ☜⏹♦❒♋♓☜⏹♦]n.发明, 发明才能, 想出的办法,发明物controversy[ ⏹♦❒☜☜♦♓]n.论争, 辩论, 论战Conversely[ ⏹♦●✋] adv.倒地,逆地conversion [kənˈvə:ʃən]n.转变，变换；改变信仰，皈依convertedadj.更换信仰的, 修改的convertible[ ☜⏹☜♦☜♌●]adj.可改变的, 自由兑换的cordial[ ♎♓☜●]n.兴奋剂, 兴奋性饮料adj.热忱的, 诚恳的, 兴奋的corporal[ ☐☜❒☜●]n.<美>下士adj.肉体的, 身体的corroboration[ ☜❒♌☜❒♏✋☞☎☜✆⏹]n.使确实, 确证的事实, 确证corrupt[ ☜❒✈☐♦]adj.腐败的, 贪污的, 被破坏的,混浊的, (语法)误用的vt.使腐烂, 腐蚀, 使恶化vi.腐烂, 堕落councilor [ˈkaunsilə]n.地方议会议员；理事council [ˈkaunsəl]n.委员会，理事会counterpart[ ♋◆⏹♦☜☐♦]n.副本, 极相似的人或物, 配对物coverage[ ✈☜❒♓♎✞]n.覆盖cowardice[ ♋☺☜♎✋♦]n.怯懦, 胆小cowpox ['kau.pɔks]n. 牛痘coyness n. 怕羞, 羞怯crackle [ˈkrækəl]v.劈啪地响 n.劈啪声cram [kræm]vt.塞进；塞满vi.(into)塞满；强行灌输cramped [kræmpt]a.狭窄的，挤在一起的cramp [kræmp]n.痉挛；[ pl.](腹)绞痛vt.限制，束缚crater[ ❒♏♓♦☜]n.弹坑craving[ ❒♏♓♓☠]n.渴望cream[ ❒♓❍]n.奶酪, 奶油, (护肤)面霜criterian.标准crucial[ ❒◆☞♓☜● ❒◆☞☜●]adj.至关紧要的crucify ['kru:sifai]vt. 钉在十字架上处死, 迫害, 折磨crush [krʌʃ]vt.压碎，弄皱；镇压，制服，压垮cuddle [ˈkʌdl]v.& n.搂抱，拥抱culminate [ˈkʌlmineit]vi.(in)(以…)告终culprit [ˈkʌlprit]n.罪犯；引起不良后果的事物(原因)cultivated[ ✈●♦♓♏♓♦♓♎]adj.耕耘的, 有教养的, 栽植的cumulative[ ◆❍◆●☜♦♓]adj.累积的cunning[ ✈⏹♓☠]adj.狡猾的, 巧妙的, <美>漂亮的,可爱的n.狡猾, 诡诈curb [kə:b]vt.控制，约束n.控制，约束；路缘curd[ ☜♎]n.(常用复数)凝块, 凝乳, 凝结物v.治愈, 治疗n.治愈, 痊愈curfew[ ☜♐◆]n.(中世纪规定人们熄灯安睡的)晚钟声, 打晚钟时刻, 宵禁令(时间)curious[ ◆☜❒♓☜♦]adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 爱挑剔的currently[ ✈❒☜⏹♦●✋] adv.普遍地, 通常地, 现在, 当前curtain [ˈkə:tən]n.窗帘，门帘；幕，帷幕customs n.进口税, 海关cynical[ ♦♓⏹♓☜●]adj.愤世嫉俗的○Ddab [dæb]n. 轻拍, 轻涂n. 少量n. 比目鱼n. <英>能手, 熟手v. 轻拍, 轻涂dam[♎✌❍]n.水坝, 障碍v.控制, 筑坝damage[ ♎✌❍♓♎✞]n.损害, 伤害v.招致损害n.[律] (用复数)赔偿金dastardly [ˈdæstədli]adj.欺善怕恶的；懦弱的dazzle [ˈdæz(ə)l]vt.耀眼；使倾倒n.耀眼的光decency[ ♎♓♦⏹♦♓]n.庄重decent[ ♎♓♦⏹♦]adj.正派的, 端庄的, 有分寸的, (服装)得体的, 大方的adj.<口>相当好的、象样的deceptive[♎♓♦♏☐♦♓]adj.欺骗性的decipher [diˈsaifə]deck[♎♏]n.甲板, 舰板, 覆盖物, 一副(纸牌)vt.装饰, 修饰, 打扮, 装甲板declared[♎♓●☪☜♎]adj.公告的, 公然的decode [ˌdi:ˈkəud]vt.译(码)，解(码)dedicate[ ♎♏♎♓♏♓♦]vt.献(身), 致力, 题献(一部著作给某人)defense[♎♓♐♏⏹♦]n.(D-)(美国)国防部, 防卫, 防卫物vt.谋划抵御deference[ ♎♏♐☜❒☜⏹♦]n.顺从, 尊重defiance[♎♓♐♋♓☜⏹♦]n.挑战, 蔑视, 挑衅defy [diˈfai]vt.(公然)藐视；使成为不可能；definitive[♎♓♐♓⏹♓♦♓]adj.最后的, 确定的, 权威性的deform [diˈfɔ:m]vt.使变形defy[♎♓♐♋♓]vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅,违抗, 使...难于n.挑战degradeddelectable[♎♓●♏♦☜♌●]adj.使人愉快的deleterious[ ♎♏●♓♦♓☜❒♓☜♦]adj.有害的, 有毒的deliberate[♎♓●♓♌☜❒♏♓♦]adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的,有准备的v.商讨deliberately[♎✋●✋♌☜❒☜♦●✋]adv.故意地delicate[ ♎♏●♓♓♦]adj.精巧的, 精致的, 病弱的, 脆弱的, 微妙的, 棘手的, 灵敏的, 精密delighted[♎♓●♋♓♦♓♎]adj.欣喜的, 快乐的deliver [diˈlivə]vt.投递交；发表；接生；给予；解救，拯救demeanor[♎♓❍♓⏹☜]n.行为, 风度democracy[♎♓❍❒☜♦♓]n.民主政治, 民主主义demolish [diˈmɔliʃ]vt.拆毁，毁坏；驳倒(论点等)，推翻demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit]vt.论证；说明；显示vi.示威游行(或集会)demoralizing [di'mɔrəlaiziŋ]adj. 削弱某人的自信或精神的, 使士气低落的动词demoralize的现在分词形式denial[♎♓⏹♋♓☜●]n.否认, 否定, 谢绝, 拒绝denunciation[♎✋⏹✈⏹♦✋♏✋☞☎☜✆⏹]n.谴责, 告发depict [diˈpikt]vt.描绘，描述deployment [di'plɔimənt]n. 部署, 展开deposit [diˈpɔzit]n.定金；存款；矿藏vt.使沉淀；寄存；储蓄deprecate[ ♎♏☐❒♓♏♓♦]vt.抗议, 不赞成, 抨击, 反对, 藐视, 轻视deprive[♎♓☐❒♋♓]vt.剥夺, 使丧失derailed [di'reild]adj (火车）出轨的derail的过去时、过去分词derangeda.错乱的deride[diˈraid]vt.嘲笑derive[diˈraiv]vt.取得；追溯起源vi.(from)起源，衍生descendant[diˈsendənt]n.后裔，后代designed[♎♓♋♓⏹♎]adj.有计划的, 原意的despair[♎♓♦☐☪☜]n.绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物) vi.绝望desperate[ ♎♏♦☐☜❒♓♦]adj.不顾一切的, 拚死的, 令人绝望的despicablyadv.可鄙地, 卑劣地destruction[♎♓♦♦❒✈☞☜⏹] n.破坏, 毁灭destructive[♎♓♦♦❒✈♦♓] adj.破坏(性)的detain[diˈtein]vt.拘留，扣留；留住，耽搁detective[♎♓♦♏♦♓]n.侦探adj.侦探的detective[diˈtektiv]n.侦探，私人侦探detract[♎♓♦❒✌♦]v.转移detrimental[ ♎♏♦❒♓❍♏⏹♦●]adj.有害的deviant[ ♎♓♓☜⏹♦]adj.不正常的n.不正常的人或物deviate[ ♎♓♓♏♓♦]vi.背离, 偏离v.偏离devise[♎♓♋♓]vt.设计, 发明, 图谋, 作出(计划), 想出(办法), 遗赠给n.遗赠diagnosis[ ♎♋♓☜♈⏹☜◆♦♓♦]n.诊断diamond[ˈdaiəmənd]n.钻石，金钢石；菱形diffuse[♎♓♐◆]v.散播, 传播, 漫射, 扩散, (使)慢慢混合adj.散开的, 弥漫的dignity[ ♎♓♈⏹♓♦♓]n.尊严, 高贵dilemma[♎♓●♏❍☜ ♎♋♓]n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择director[♎♓❒♏♦☜ ♎♋♓❒♏♦☜]n.主任, 主管, 导演, (机关)首长,(团体)理事, (公司)董事, 指挥仪,控制器disaffected[ˌdisəˈfektid]a.(政治上)不满的，叛离的disallowable可拒绝的，可否决的disastrous[♎♓♦♦❒☜♦]adj.损失惨重的, 悲伤的discard[disˈkɑ:d]vt.丢弃，抛弃disclaim[♎♓♦●♏♓❍]v.放弃, 弃权, 拒绝disclose[♎♓♦●☜◆]vt.揭露, 透露discontinuous[ ♎♓♦☜⏹♦♓⏹◆☜♦]adj.不连续的, 间断的, 中断的discordant[♎♓♦♎☜⏹♦]adj.不调和的, 不和的, [乐]不悦耳的, 不和谐的discouraginglyadv. 使人气馁地, 阻止地discourse[♎♓♦♦ ♎♓♦♦]n.演讲, 论述, 论文, 讲道, 谈话,谈论vi.谈论, 演说discoverableadj.发现的, 显露的discreet[♎♓♦❒♓♦]adj.小心的, 慎重的, 有思虑的, 贤明的discrimination[♎♓♦❒♓❍♓⏹♏♓☞☜⏹]n.辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视disentangle[ˌdisinˈtæŋgəl]v.解开，松开disgrace[disˈgreis]n.耻辱，不光彩；丢脸的人(或事) vt.使丢脸disguise[disˈgaiz]vt.化装；伪装；掩盖n.伪装，掩饰disgust[♎♓♦♈✈♦♦]n.厌恶, 嫌恶vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕gdismiss[♎♓♦❍♓♦]vt.解散, 下课, 开除, 解职, 使(或让)离开vi.解散disorder[♎♓♦♎☜]n.杂乱, 混乱, 无秩序状态vt.扰乱, 使失调, 使紊乱disorientedadj. 分不清方向或目标的, 无判断力的动词disorient的过去式和过去分词形式disparage[♎♓♦☐✌❒♓♎✞]vt.蔑视, 贬损, 使失去信誉disparity[♎♓♦☐✌❒♓♦♓]n.(职位、数量、质量等)不一致, 不同, 不等dispel[♎♓♦☐♏●]vt.驱散, 驱逐, 使消散dispense[♎♓♦☐♏⏹♦]vt.分发, 分配dispense[♎♓♦☐♏⏹♦]vt.分发, 分配disperse[♎♓♦☐☜♦]v.(使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散disposed[diˈspəuzd]a.愿意的，想干的dispose[disˈpəuz]vt.排列；使倾向于vi.(of)去掉；处理disqualify [dis'kwɔlifai]vt. 使 ... 丧失资格disreputable[♎♓♦❒♏☐◆♦☜♌●]adj.声名狼藉的, 破烂不堪的Dissatisfaction[ ♎♓♦♦✌♦♓♦♐✌☞☜⏹]n.不满, 不平, 令人不满的事物dissent[diˈsent]n.& v.不同意，持异议dissipated[ˈdisipeitid]a.浪费的，放荡的dissipate[ˈdisipeit]vi.消散，消失vt.使消散，使消失；浪费dissolute[ ♎♓♦☜●◆♦]adj.放荡的, 风流的, 肆意挥霍的dissolve[♎♓●]v.溶解, 解散distill[disˈtil]vt.蒸馏，用蒸馏法提取；吸取,提炼distinction[♎♓♦♦♓☠☞☜⏹] n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫distinguished[♎♓♦♦♓☠♈♦♓☞♦]adj.卓著的, 著名的, 高贵的distort[diˈstɔ:t]vt.歪曲，曲解；扭曲，使变形vi.变形distraction[diˈstrækʃən]n.消遣，娱乐，精神涣散distribute[♎♓♦♦❒♓♌◆☎✆♦]vt.分发, 分配, 散布, 分布, 分类, 分区v.分发distributed[♎♓♦♦❒♓♌◆♦♓♎]adj.分布式的distribution[ ♎♓♦♦❒♓♌◆☞☜⏹]n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售, 法院对无遗嘱死亡者财产的分配, 分布状态, 区分, 分类发送,发行disturbance[diˈstə:bəns]n.扰乱，打扰；骚乱；心神不安，烦恼diversion[♎♋♓☜☞☜⏹]n.转移, 转换, 牵制, 解闷, 娱乐diversity[♎♋♓☜♦♓♦♓]n.差异, 多样性divide[♎♓♋♓♎]v.分, 划分, 分开, 隔开divorce[♎♓♦]n.离婚, 脱离vt.使离婚, 与...脱离dock[♎]n.<美> 码头, 船坞, 被告席, 尾巴的骨肉部分vt.靠码头, 引入坞, 剪短vi.入船坞doctrine[ ♎♦❒♓⏹]n.教条, 学说domesticallyadv.家庭式地, 合乎国内地dormant[ ♎❍☜⏹♦]adj.睡眠状态的, 静止的, 隐匿的downward[ ♎♋◆⏹♦☜♎]adj.向下的dragoon [drəˈgu:n]n.骑兵 vt.镇压；迫害dramatic[♎❒☜❍✌♦♓]adj.戏剧性的, 生动的dramatist[ ♎❒✌❍☜♦♓♦♦]n.剧作家drawback[ ♎❒♌✌]n.缺点, 障碍, 退还的关税, 退税(指进口货物再出口时退还其进口时的关税)drawing[ ♎❒♓☠]n.图画, 制图, 素描术dredge[♎❒♏♎✞]n.挖泥机, 挖泥船, 捞网v.挖掘, 疏浚, 捞取, 撒在食物上dress[♎❒♏♦]n.女服, 童装, 服装, 衣服v.(给...)穿衣drowse [drauz]v./ n.瞌睡dubiously ['dju:biəsli]adv. 可疑地, 怀疑地dull[♎✈●]adj.感觉或理解迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和vi.变迟钝, 减少duly[ ♎◆●♓]adv.适时地duplicate[ ♎◆☐●♓♏♓♦]adj.复制的, 副的, 两重的, 两倍的,完全相同n.复制品, 副本vt.复写, 复制, 使加倍, 使成双dust[♎✈♦♦]n.灰尘, 尘土, 尘埃vt.掸掉...上的灰尘, 撒糖于糕上dwell[♎♦♏●]vi.居住, 踌躇○Eeavesdroppedeccentric[♓♦♏⏹♦❒♓]adj.古怪n.行为古怪的人eccentricity[♏♦♏⏹♦❒♓♦♓♦♓]n.偏心, 古怪, [数]离心率echoeseclipse[♓●♓☐♦]n.食, 日蚀, 月蚀, 蒙蔽, 衰落vt.引起日蚀, 引起月蚀, 超越, 使黯然失色eclipse[iˈklips]n.(日、月)食；黯然失色vt.(日、月)食ecstasy[ ♏♦♦☜♦♓]n.入迷edify[ˈedifai]vt.教诲editorial[♏♎♓♦❒♓☜●]n.社论adj.编辑上的, 主笔的, 社论的education[ ♏♎◆☎✆♏♓☞☜⏹] n.教育, 训导, 训练, 培养, 教育学education[ ♏♎◆☎✆♏♓☞☜⏹] n.教育, 训导, 训练, 培养, 教育学Education[ ♏♎◆☎✆♏♓☞☜⏹] n.教育, 训导, 训练, 培养, 教育学educational[ ♏♎◆☎✆♏♓☞☜⏹●] adj.教育的, 教育性的ego[ ♓♈☜☺]n.自我, 利已主义, 自负egoist[♊♓♈☜☺✋♦♦♊♏♈ ]n.自我主义者egoistic[ ♓♈☜☺♊✋♦♦✋ ♏♈]adj.自我中心的, 自私自利的egotism[ ♓♈☜♦✋☎☜✆❍] n.自我中心, 自尊自大egregious[✋♈❒♓♎✞☜♦] adj.异乎寻常的, 过分的, 惊人的Egyptian[✋♎✞✋☐☞☎☜✆⏹] adj.埃及的, 埃及人的n.埃及人election[✋●♏☞☎☜✆⏹]n.选举, 当选, 选择权, [宗]上帝的选拔elegantly ['eləgəntli]adv. 优美地, 雅致地element[ ♏●♓❍☜⏹♦]n.要素, 元素, 成分, 元件, 自然环境elephant[ ♏●♓♐☜⏹♦]n.象, 一种纸张的尺寸elevator[ ♏●♓♏♓♦☜]n.电梯, 升降机, [空]升降舵eliminate[♓●♓❍♓⏹♏♓♦]vt.排除, 消除v.除去eloquent[ ♏●☜♦☜⏹♦]adj.雄辩的, 有口才的, 动人的, 意味深长的elsewhere[ ♏●♦♒♦☪☜]adv.在别处emanate[ˈeməneit]vi.发出embark[imˈbɑ:k]vi.上船(或飞机等)；(on)着手，开始工作embellish[♓❍♌♏●♓☞]v.修饰embezzle[imˈbezəl]vt.贪污embody[imˈbɔdi]vt.使具体化，体现；包括，包含，收入emboss[imˈbɔs]v.加浮雕花纹于，使凸出embroil[imˈbrɔil]vt.使卷入emendationn.订正，校订eminent[ ♏❍♓⏹☜⏹♦]adj.显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的优良的emit[iˈmit]vt.发出(光、热、声音等)，射出emulate[ ♏❍◆●♏♓♦]n.仿效enact[iˈnækt]vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演encounter[inˈkauntə]vt.／n.遇到，遭遇，遭到encroachmentn.侵入，侵犯endeavor[♓⏹♎♏☜]n.努力, 尽力vi.尽力, 努力endure[inˈdjuə]vt.忍受，容忍vi.忍受，忍耐；持久enduring[♓⏹♎◆☜❒♓☠]adj.持久的, 不朽的enforce[♓⏹♐♦]vt.强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强engaged[♓⏹♈♏♓♎✞♎]adj.忙碌的, 使用中的engagement[♓⏹♈♏♓♎✞❍☜⏹♦]n.约会, 婚约, 诺言, 交战, 接站,雇拥, [机]接合engineering[ ♏⏹♎✞♓⏹♓☜❒♓☠]n.工程(学)enhance[♓⏹♒⏹♦]vt.提高, 增强v.提高enlarge[♓⏹●♎✞]v.扩大, 放大enlightened[inˈlaitənd]a.开明的，有见识的enlightenment[♓⏹●♋♓♦⏹❍☜⏹♦]n.启迪, 教化enlist[inˈlist]vt.谋取(支持等)，赢得；征募vi.入伍enmesh[♓⏹❍♏☞ ♏⏹]vt.使绊住, 使陷入enormous[♓⏹❍☜♦]adj.巨大的, 庞大的, <古>极恶的,凶暴的enrage[inˈreidʒ]vt.激怒enrapture[inˈræptʃə]vt.使狂喜enroll[inˈrəul]vi.(in，on)入学，加入vt.招收，吸收enslave[inˈsleiv]v.使做奴隶，使处于奴役的状态entail[inˈteil]vt.使承担，使成为必要，需要enticementn.诱骗，诱人entirely[✋⏹♦♋✋☜●✋]adv.完全地, 全然地, 一概地entitled[♓⏹♦♋♓♦●♎]有资格的entrap[inˈtræp]vt.使入陷井entrust[inˈtrʌst]v.委托，付托enunciate[iˈnʌnsieit]v.发音，(清楚地)表达enunciation[✋⏹✈⏹♦✋♊♏✋☞☜⏹☞✋]n.阐明epicurean[ ♏☐♓◆☜❒♓☎✆☜⏹]adj.伊壁鸠鲁的, 贪口福的, 享乐主义的n.信奉伊比鸠鲁学说者, 享乐主义者, 美食家episode[ ♏☐♓♦☜◆♎]n.一段情节, [音]插曲, 插话, 有趣的事件equable[ ♏♦☜♌● ♓]adj.变动小的, 平静的equity[ ♏♦♓♦♓]n.公平, 公正, 公平的事物, 资产净值, [律]平衡法equivocal[♓♦♓☜☜●] adj.意义不明确的, 模棱两可的, 可疑的era[ ♓☜❒☜] n.时代, 纪元, 时期, [地]代eradicate[iˈrædikeit]vt.根除erode[♓❒☜◆♎]vt.侵蚀, 腐蚀, 使变化vi.受腐蚀, 逐渐消蚀掉erosive [i'rəusiv]adj. 腐蚀的, 侵蚀的, 冲蚀的erotic[♓❒♦♓]adj.性爱的, 性欲的, 色情的n.好色之徒errand[ˈerənd]n.(短程的)差事，差erudition[ ♏❒◆♎♓☞☜⏹]n.博学escalate[ˈeskəleit]v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级escort[ˈeskɔ:t]n.护卫者，护送者vt.护送，护卫espionage[ ♏♦☐♓☜⏹♓♎✞]n.间谍, 侦探essence[ ♏♦⏹♦]n.基本, [哲]本质, 香精essentialism [i'senʃəlizəm]n. 基本教育说, 实在说established[♓♦♦✌♌●♓☞♦]adj.已制定的, 确定的establish[iˈstæbliʃ]vt.建立，创办，设立；确定，确立，证实esteemeda.受尊敬的Eternal[♓☎✆♦☜⏹●]adj.永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的, 没完没了的ethos[ ♓♦]n.气质, 道义, 民族精神, 社会思潮,风气etiquette[♏♦♓♏♦ ♏♦♓♏♦]n.礼节euphemism[ ◆♐♓❍♓☜❍]n.[语法]委婉的说法evacuate[iˈvækjueit]vt.转移，撤离，疏散evacuation[♓✌◆♏♓☞☜⏹]n.撤退, 走开evaluate[♓✌●◆♏♓♦]vt.评价, 估计, 求...的值v.评价evaporate[iˈvæpəreit]vi.蒸发，挥发；消失vt.使蒸发，使挥发evasive[♓♏♓♦♓]adj.逃避的, 推托的evolution[ ♓☜●◆☞☜⏹♏☜]n.进展, 发展, 演变, 进化evolutionary[ ♓☜♊●✞☞☜⏹☜❒✋]进化的exaggerate[♓♈✌♎✞☜❒♏♓♦]v.夸大, 夸张exceedingly[✋♦♓♎✋☠●✋]adv.非常地, 极度地excel[♓♦♏●]v.优秀, 胜过他人excellency[ ♏♦☜●☜⏹♦♓]n.阁下, 优点exceptionally[ikˈsepʃənli]ad.异常地；极，很excessive[♓♦♏♦♓]adj.过多的, 过分的, 额外exclaim[ikˈskleim]v.呼喊，惊叫，大声说exclusive[♓♦●◆♦♓]adj.排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的,独占的, 唯一的, 高级的excursion[♓♦☜☞☜⏹]n.远足, 游览, 短程旅行, 远足队,离题, [物]偏移, 漂移excuse[♓♦◆]vt.原谅, 申辩, 做为...的托辞, 为...免去n.饶恕, 致歉, 理由, 口实, 借口, 清借条, 免去execute[ ♏♦♓◆♦]vt.执行, 实行, 完成, 处死, 制成, [律]经签名盖章等手续使(证书)生效exercise[ ♏♦☜♦♋♓]n.练习, 习题, 训练, 锻炼, 演习v.训练, 锻炼vt.行使, 使担扰exert[♓♈☜♦]vt.尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力v.发挥, 竭尽全力, 尽exert[♓♈☜♦]vt.尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力v.发挥, 竭尽全力, 尽exhilarated[igˈziləreitid]a.高兴的；振奋的existence[♓♈♓♦♦☜⏹♦]n.存在, 实在, 生活, 存在物, 实在物exonerate[♓♈⏹☜❒♏♓♦] vt.免除, 证明无罪exorcism[ ♏♦♦♓☜❍]n.驱魔, 驱邪所用的咒语expel[ikˈspel]vt.把…开除；驱逐，放逐；排出，喷出experience[♓♦☐♓☜❒♓☜⏹♦] n.vt.经验, 体验, 经历, 阅历experienced[✋♦☐✋☜❒✋☜⏹♦♦]v.经历adj.富有经验的experimental[♏♦☐♏❒♓❍♏⏹♦●]adj.实验的, 根据实验的exploit[ˈeksplɔit]vt.剥削；利用，开发(采) n.[ pl.]业绩，功勋explosive[ikˈspləusiv]a.爆炸的，爆发的；极易引起争论的n.炸药exposure[♓♦☐☜◆✞☜]n.暴露, 揭露, 暴光, 揭发, 揭露,位向, 方向, 陈列express[♓♦☐❒♏♦]adj.急速的, 特殊的, 明确的n.快车, 快递, 专使vt.表达, 表示adv.乘快车, 以快递方式expressive[♓♦☐❒♏♦♓]adj.表现的, 表达...的, 有表现力的, 富于表情的exquisite[ ♏♦♦♓♓♦]adj.优美的, 高雅的, 精致的, 剧烈的, 异常的, 细腻的, 敏锐的extensive[♓♦♦♏⏹♦♓]adj.广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的extinct[♓♦♦♓☠♦]adj.熄灭的, 灭绝的, 耗尽的vt.<古>使熄灭extraction[♓♦♦❒✌☞☜⏹]n.抽出, 取出, [化]提取(法)萃取法,抽出物, 摘要, 血统, [数]开方(法)extraordinary[♓♦♦❒♎⏹❒♓ ♓♦♦❒♎♓⏹☜❒♓]adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的, 特派的extraterrestrial[ ♏♦♦❒☜♦☜❒♏♦♦❒♓☜●]adj.地球外的, 宇宙的extricate[ ♏♦♦❒♓♏♓♦]vt.使解脱, 救出, 使(气体)游离,放出extroverted ['ekstrəuvə:tid]adj. 性格外向的exuberant[♓♈◆♌☜❒☜⏹♦]adj.繁茂的, 丰富的, 非凡的, (语言等)华而不实的exude[♓♈◆♎]v.(使)流出, (使)渗出, 发散开来○Ffable[ ♐♏♓♌●]n.寓言, 神话, 谎言vi.讲故事, 编寓言, 煞有其事地讲述fabrication[ ♐✌♌❒♓♏♓☞☜⏹]n.制作, 构成, 伪造物, 装配工facile[ ♐✌♦♋✋●]adj.易做到的, 易得到的, 不花力气的, 敏捷的, 流畅的, (性格)柔顺的,温和的, 容易的facilitate[♐☜♦♓●♓♦♏♓♦]vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进faction[ ♐✌☞☜⏹]n.派别, 小集团, 派系斗争, 小派系,内讧faculty[ ♐✌☜●♦♓]n.才能, 本领, 能力, 全体教员,(大学的)系, 科, (授予的)权力faddish[♊♐✌♎✋☞]adj.趋于时尚的, 流行的, 风行的fake[♐♏♓]n.假货, 欺骗adj.假的vt.伪造, 赝造, 捏造, 假造, 仿造vi.伪装fame[♐♏♓❍]n.名声, 名望, 传说, <古>传闻vt.(常用被动语态)使闻名, 使有名望, 盛传fanatical[♐☜⏹✌♦♓☜●]adj.狂热的, 盲信的fanaticism[♐☜⏹✌♦♓♦♓☜❍]n.狂热, 盲信fan[fæn]n.(风)扇，扇形物；迷vt.扇，煽动，激起fantasy[ ♐✌⏹♦☜♦♓ ♐✌⏹♦☜♓]n.幻想, 白日梦far-fetchedadj.牵强的, 不自然的far-flung ['fɑ:'flʌŋ]adj. 辽阔的, 漫长的, 遥远的far-goneadj. 程度已深的, 烂醉的, 病笃的farmer[ ♐❍☜]n.农夫, 百姓, 农民, 农场主, 承包主, 牧场主, 畜牧者fashion-consciousadj. 赶时髦的fastidious[♐✌♦♦♓♎♓☜♦]adj.难取悦的, 挑剔的, 苛求的,(微生物等)需要复杂营养地fatal[ ♐♏♓♦●]adj.致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的,不幸的, 致命的, 毁灭性的feeble[ ♐♓♌●]adj.虚弱的, 衰弱的, 无力的, 微弱的, 薄弱的ferocity[♐☜❒♦♓♦♓]n.凶猛, 残忍, 暴行fervent[ ♐☜☜⏹♦]adj.炽热的fiat[ˈfaiæt]n.命令，决断fiddle[ ♐♓♎●]n.小提琴, 无意识而不停地拨弄vt.虚度时光, 拉小提琴vi.拉小提琴, 瞎搞fidelity[♐♓♎♏●♓♦♓]n.忠实, 诚实, 忠诚, 保真度, (收音机, 录音设备等的)逼真度, 保真度, 重现精度Fierce[♐♓☜♦]adj.凶猛的, 猛烈的, 热烈的, 暴躁的<美>极讨厌的, 难受的, <英方>精力旺盛的fireworksn.烟火, 激烈争论flabby[ ♐●✌♌♓]adj.优柔寡断的性格(或人), 软弱的, 没气力的, 不稳的, (肌肉等)不结实的, 松弛的flamboyant[♐●✌❍♌♓☜⏹♦] adj.辉耀的, 华丽的, 火焰似的, 艳丽的flattensflatter[ ♐●✌♦☜]vt.过分夸赞, 奉承, 阿谀, 使高兴,使满意, (画, 肖像上的形象)胜过(真人或实物)fled[♐●♏♎]vbl.flee的过去式及过去分词flesh[♐●♏☞]n.肉, (供食用的)兽肉, 肉体, 肉欲,果肉, 蔬菜的嫩部, 亲属, 人体vt.以肉喂(猎犬等), 使肥, 赋以血肉vi.长胖flexible[ ♐●♏♦☜♌●]adj.柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的, 柔软的, 能变形的, 可通融的flicker[ˈflikə]vi./ n.(火光等)闪烁；(情感等)闪现；颤动flimsy[ ♐●♓❍♓]adj.易坏的, 脆弱的, 浅薄的, 没有价值的, 不足信的, (人)浮夸的n.薄纸, 描图用薄纸, 薄纸稿纸fling-down甩下来...flip[flip]vt.快速翻动；轻抛；轻拍n.轻抛a.轻浮的flirt[flə:t]v.(with)调情；不认真地对待n.调情的人floating[ ♐●☜◆♦♓☠]adj.漂浮的, 浮动的, 移动的, 流动的, 不固定的floggedfloppy[ ♐●☐♓]adj.懒散的, 邋遢的, 松软的flush[flʌʃ]v.冲洗；(脸)发红；赶出n.脸红a.同高的fondle[ˈfɔndl]vt.爱抚foo [fu:]n. 占位符, 位置保持器Ford[♐♎]n.浅滩v.徒涉forego[♐♈☜◆]vt.(在位置时间或程度方面)走在...之前, 居先forgave[♐☜♈♏♓]vbl.forgive的过去式forge[♐♎✞]v.稳步前进, 铸造, 伪造forgery[ ♐♎✞☜❒♓]n.伪造物, 伪造罪, 伪造forgo[♐♈☜◆]vt.作罢, 放弃fork[♐]n.叉, 耙, 叉形物, 餐叉forlorn[♐☜●⏹]adj.被遗弃的format[ ♐❍✌♦ ❍♦]n.开本, 版式, 形式, 格式vt.安排...的格局(或规格), [计]格式化(磁盘)formation[♐❍♏♓☞☜⏹]n.形成, 构成, 编队forsake[♐☜♦♏♓]vt.放弃, 抛弃forsook[♐☜♦◆]vbl.forsake的过去式forth[♐]adv.往前, 向外fortify[ ♐♦♓♐♋♓]vt.设防于, 增强(体力,结构等)使坚强, 增加, (酒)的酒精含量vi.筑防御工事forward[ ♐♦☜♎]adj.早的, 迅速的, 前进的vt.转寄, 促进, 运送adv.向前地, 向将来n.[体](足球等)前锋foster[ ♐♦♦☜]vt.养育, 抚育, 培养, 鼓励, 抱(希望)n.养育者, 鼓励者。
研究生英语综合教程(下)课文翻译(详解版)
Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go somethinghalf the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。
3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of—甚至最终会成功发达。
4 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life.Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss-a life protected from bad feelings ,free from pain and confusion.4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
研究生综合英语全部生词
highwayman拦路强盗archbishop大主教chapel小教堂anguished痛苦的crucifixion被钉十字架crucify钉十字架livery制服legacy遗产conduit管道gatehouse门楼cloister修道院vicar牧师plaque斑块depict描绘bishop主教monarchy君主政体behead斩首watchman守望者shudder战栗fervent炽热的commemorate纪念tuibulent吐布伦特retreat撤退hive蜂箱on the grounds=because在理由上shake one's head in wonder惊奇地摇摇头bring home to sb.使某人感到高兴makeover改装cosmetic美容的enhancement增强vanity虚荣minimal极小值invasive侵袭性disseminate传播toxin 毒素bleparoplasty睑板成形术liposuction脂肪抽吸术rhinoplasty鼻整形术dermabrasion皮肤磨削术ablative烧蚀的legitimate合法的opt选择aesthetic审美reluctant不情愿的pragmatic实用的downplay淡化traumatic外伤性ultrasonic超声波excision切除术masculinity男子气概vibaant维巴特resonate共鸣dermatologist皮肤病专家vulnerability脆弱性med地中海stigmatize诬蔑plaster灰泥silicone有机硅hematoma血肿clot凝块follicle滤泡dymorphic形态异构的preoccupation先占fixate固定器in line with符合live up to不辜负four-letter word四字母字replica复制品embryologist胚胎学家incidence发病率hypothetical假设homosexual同性恋的intrinsic内在的herein此处tissue组织diabetes糖尿病culture文化sperm精子egg鸡蛋unscrupulous肆无忌惮champion冠军frame legislation框架立法in the event of万一发生life span寿命live up to sth.履行某事on…gounds=on the basis of在……的基础上glutinous糯米的morph变形breed繁殖dietary饮食的staple短纤维metropolis大都市hinterland腹地acute严重的respiratory呼吸系统syndrome综合征subside减弱vogue时尚trigger触发seismic地震naty纳蒂alienate离间hodge-podge大杂烩emigrate移居国外accompaniment伴奏aymbal艾姆巴尔off-and-on断断续续cutout断流器feast盛宴snap按扣presunptuous矫揉造作的go the way of走的道路track down追踪put on 穿上in vogue时髦start up启动take shape成形go by经过hoopla胡闹don大学教师unfurl展开gridlock僵局extortionate敲诈勒索contrariness逆反snowbound积雪的turn转tangle纠纷lull平静ingenuity独创性stamina耐力trouper特工recast重铸merrymaking狂欢作乐infectious感染的revelry狂欢celebrity名人heritage遗产roam 漫游bustling繁忙的conspire密谋nmania诺曼尼亚scuttle舷窗relish津津有味foray突袭souvenir纪念品invulnerability抗毁性tramp流浪汉megalithic巨石的stroll漫步stark完全的swatch样品tangible有形的steeplechase障碍赛跑refective驳回savor品味set out against 出发反对stem from源于not so much…as不如…fen off be caught in the middle of分崩离析have one's backing背靠背bubble up冒泡overflow with溢出on the rise 论崛起bend on doing sth.弯腰做某事prop up支撑an array of一个数组under-the-counter柜台下dream up做梦plunge into跳入zero in零内assortment分类slay杀戮narcissistic自恋的obsessively痴迷地hedonism享乐主义gulp吞咽shipherd牧羊人flaccidly松弛地nonjudgemental非评判性的ingrained根深蒂固的hustle匆忙inflict加害commandment戒律stampede踩踏barbarian野蛮人infidelity不忠neurotic神经质的qualm疑虑catatonic紧张症的put in a good word for sb.为某人说句好话occer to奥塞尔tune out调出arise from起因于be vulnerable to易受伤害residual 残差pact公约profane亵渎priestly祭司的jostle推挤metaphysical形而上学的divine神圣的derenity谦虚shrapnel榴霰弹ignite点燃recede后退primordial原始的concoct编造apparatus装置reverbertation混响subversive颠覆的enigmatic谜一般的agnosticism不可知论convergence汇聚condescension屈尊俯就superstition迷信phantom幻影chasm裂口operatically操作上的scale规模prodigious惊人的provisional临时的concur同意deism自然神论opacity不透明性obliterate抹去shroud裹尸布becoming相配的stay clear of保持清醒yield to屈服于ex nihilo非尼希罗pick up拿起tuinout杜因特leave over离开come around to走近make acommitment to 作出补偿at best至多clash with与…发生冲突be taken by被带走implicate牵连enumeration枚举confidentiality机密性telinquish长途电话bizarre奇怪的obscuiity朦胧性bootleg私卖hypothesize假设consortium财团trove特洛夫blithe布赖斯statutory法定的administer管理buzzword流行语diarepute二重的anarchist无政府主义者deregulation违规obsolete过时的peer-to-peer点对点in (the) pursuit of 在追求中sift through筛过fall under落下。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A第二版 第二课
Unit twoWhat the internet cannot do?1.it is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist,while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth.acclaimed victorian enthusiasts on the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of thing about new technologies,even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure of world hunger.the sequencing of the human genome will supposedly eradicate cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism,though,has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences [and made a fine living ]with exuberant claims that the internet will prevent wars,ruduce pollution,and combat various forms of inequality.however,although the internet is still young enough to inspire idealism,it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.2.Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the savants at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the internet's potential as a force for peace.one guru,Nicholas Negroponte ,has declared that,thanks to the Internet ,the children of the future "are not going to know what nationalism is ".His colleagues ,Michael Dertouzos ,has written that digital communications will bring "computer aided peace"which "may help"stave off future flare upsof ethnic hatred and national break ups.The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and avert conflict. 3.This is not new, alas,any more than were the claims for the peace making possibilities of other new technologies.In the early years of the 20th century,aeroplanes were expected to end wars,by promoting international communication and less credibly by making armies obsolete.since they would be vulnerable to attack from the air.After the First World War had dispelled such notions,it was the turn of radio.Nation shall speak peace unto nation,ran the fine motto of britain'BBC World Service.Sadly,Radio of Rwanda disproved the idea that radeo was an intrinsically pacific force once and for all . 4.The mistake people make is to assume that wars are caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.Indeed,even if that were true ,the Internet can also be used to advocate conflict.Hate speech and intolerance flourish in its murkier corners,where government find it hard to intervene.Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication,it will no put an end to war .5.But might it reduce energy consumption and pollution?The Centre For Energy and Climate Solutions ,a washington think tank ,has advance just such a case ,based largely on energy consumption figures for 1997 and 1998.While the American economy grew by 9%over those two years ,energy demand was almost unchanged because ,the CECS ventures,the Internet "can turn paper and CDs into electrons,and replace trucks with fibreoptic cable .No wonder enthusiastic newspaper headline begged, Shop on line-- save the earth .6.Sadly,earth saving is harder than that.Certainly,shopping on line from home is far less polluting that driving to a shopping mall.Ordering groceries on line and having them delivered,means that,if the logistics are handled efficiently,one truck journey can replace dozens of families;separate car trips.Reading newspapers,magazines and other documents on line is more efficient than printing and transporting them physically.Yet dong things on line is more energy--efficient only if it genuinely displaces real world activities.If people shop on line as well as visiting the bricks and mortar store, the result is an overall increase in energy consumption.Thanks to the Internet,it is now easy for Europeans to order boos and have them extravagantly air frighted from America before they are available in Europe.And it is more efficient to read documents on line if doing so replaces,rather than adds to the amount of printed bumf.7.Furthermore,as more and more offices and homes connect to the internet,millions of PCs,printers,servers and other devices gobblesignificant quantities of energy.Home computers are becoming part of the fabric of everyday life,and are increasingly left switched on all the time .one controversial assessment concluded that fully 8% of electricity consumption in America is due to internet connected computers .the construction of vast "server farms" warehouses full of computers and their attendant cooling systems---has contributed to overloading of the electrical power network that has caused brown-outs in Silicon Valley.8.What about the belief that the internet will reduce inequality?According to a study carried out by America's department of commerce,households with annual incomes above $75.000 are more than 20 times as likely to have internet access sa the poorest households .Bill Clinton,struck by the digital divide between rich and poor,argues that universal intretnet access would help to reduce incomes inequality.9.But ,as the cost of using the internet continues to fall [services offering free access are becoming the norm,and a basic PC can now be hard for little more than a video recorder or a large television],the true reason for the digital divide between rich and poor will beocme apparent.The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it ,the problem is that the lack the skills to exploit it effctively.So it is difficult to see how connecting the poor to theinternet will improve their finances.it would make more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal internet access.10.Yet,even in the more ludicrous claims for the internet,there may be germs of truth .This open network,so hard for government to control,may indeed help to give more power to individual citizens and encourage democracies .As democratic governments rarely fight each other ,that might promote peace.As for the environment,the internet will allow many pieces of machinery to be monitored and tuned more precisely from afar .that will promote energy efficiency.taxing or merely measuring pollution will be less expensive and so easier for governments to undertake.11.Even inequality may,in some cases,be reduced thanks to the internet .A computer progammer inbangalore or siberia can use the internet to work for a software company in seattle without liaving home , and can expect to be paid a wage that is closer to that of his virtual colleagues at the other end of the cable.the effect is to reduce income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries,but to increase the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots .12.The internet changes many things .it has had a dramatic impact on the world of business.Firms can now link their systems diredtly to those of their suppliers and partners,can do business on line aroundthe clock,and can learn more than ever about their customers.Economies may be more productive as a result.For individuals, e-mail has emerged as the most important new form of personal communication since the invention of the telephone.13.The extent to which the internet will transform other fields of human endeavor,however,is less certain.Even when everyone on the planet has been connected to the internet,there will still be wars ,pollution,and inequality.As new gizmos come and go,human nature seems to remain stubbornly unchanged,despite the claims of the techno-prophets,humanity cannot simply invent away its failings .The internet is not the first technology to have been hailed as a panacea and it will certainly not be the last .。
研究生综合英语Unit7
Speaking Skills
Unit 7 The Trying Twenties
portraits of national and world leaders, including both Presidents Bush, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Newt Gingrich, Margaret Thatcher, Saddam Hussein, and Mikhail Gorbachev. Since 1970, she has published many works, including Lovesound (1970), Hustling: Prostitution in Our Wide Open Society (1973), Passages (1976) and Character: America’s Search for Leadership (1988).
Additional Work
Unit 7 The Trying Twenties
Warm-up Activities 1. What does “the trying twenties” mean? Why is the twenties a “trying” period? Here “trying” means straining one’s power of endurance, so the phrase means that the twenties is a period in which people undergo many ordeals that will temper their willpower and make them more mature. Twenty-somethings are presented with numerous tasks which they are not yet equipped to deal with. For example, to prepare for a career, to find a mentor who will guide you through life, to find a mate with whom you will spend your life, etc. These are the things that were once irrelevant, but now have become imminent. In a sense these are the “trials” they need to go through as they are becoming an adult.
考研英语w~z系列
Wwage 工资，报酬What is your weekly ～?wake 醒来，醒着，唤醒He spends all his waking hours workingwaken 醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm soundedwander 漫步，徘徊He ～ed homeward 病房a 4-bed ～warrant 授权，批准，正当理由，根据He had no ～for his action waterproof 不透水的，防水的～materialway 方法，方式Do it your own waywear 穿，戴～diamondsweary 疲倦的，疲劳的a ～lookweave 织，编，编制～clothwedge 楔子，三角木Please put a ～in the door so that it will stay openweed 杂草，野草My garden is running to ～sweep 哭泣，流泪～for one’s failureweigh 称……重量，称～oneself on the scalesweld 焊接，煅接It takes speed to ～steel at this heatwhirl 旋转，急转The couples ～ed round the dance floorwhisper 低语，耳语，轻声说～to sbwhistle 吹口哨，鸣笛The train ～dwhitewash 粉饰wholesome 有益于健康的～surroundingswicked 坏的，邪恶的，淘气的，恶作剧的～habitswind 绕，缠The snake wound around a branchwire 金属丝，金属线steel ～withdraw 抽回，收回，提取She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sight withhold 使停止，阻挡be obliged to ～one’s penwithstand 经受，承受～hardshipswitness 目击者，见证人a ～of the accidentwonder 奇迹the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient timesworship 崇拜，崇敬the ～of the dollarworth 值……钱a house ～50,000 poundswrap 包，裹～oneself in a blanketwreck 失事，遇难a train ～wrench 扳手He is a ～.wrinkle 皱，皱纹He will wore the ～s of anxiety on his forehead.write 写，写字，写信，写作She ～s to me every other week.Xerox 静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机Make me a ～of this report. Yyield 生产，产生，带来This orchard ～s apples and pears.Zzeal 热心，热忱，热情a man of ～zigzag之字形的，弯曲的 a ～roadzone 地带，分布带a danger ～。
考研真题黑龙江大学英语
考研真题黑龙江大学英语As the pressure and demand for higher education continue to rise, more and more students are choosing to pursue postgraduate studies. One of the most popular entrance exams for postgraduate studies in China is the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, commonly known as the "考研" (kǎoyán) exam. In this article, we will explore the exam format, preparation strategies, and the significance of the "考研" exam, with a specific focus on the English exam for Black Dragon University.Introduction to the National Postgraduate Entrance ExaminationThe National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, or "考研" exam, is an annual national examination for students who wish to pursue postgraduate studies in various fields. The exam assesses students' comprehensive abilities in areas such as English, mathematics, and professional knowledge related to their chosen discipline. It is administered by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China and is considered a highly competitive and challenging exam.English Exam Format for Black Dragon UniversityThe English exam for postgraduate studies at Black Dragon University follows a standardized format with the aim of evaluating candidates' language proficiency. The exam consists of multiple sections:1. Listening Comprehension: This section assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English through various audio recordings. Students arerequired to answer questions based on the content and context of the recordings.2. Reading Comprehension: The reading section evaluates candidates' reading skills by presenting them with passages on various topics. Students must answer questions that test their understanding of the passages, as well as their ability to infer information and analyze the author's intent.3. Translation: The translation section assesses candidates' ability to translate Chinese sentences or paragraphs accurately into English. This section tests their knowledge of both languages and their proficiency in conveying meaning and maintaining linguistic coherence.4. Writing: The writing section requires candidates to write essays or articles on assigned topics within a specific time limit. This section evaluates their ability to organize ideas, express coherent arguments, and demonstrate critical thinking skills.Preparation Strategies for the English ExamPreparing for the "考研" English exam requires a systematic approach and consistent effort. Here are some effective strategies to enhance your performance in the exam:1. Develop a study plan: Create a detailed study schedule that allocates sufficient time for each section of the exam. Set specific goals for each study session and track your progress regularly.2. Practice regularly: Familiarize yourself with the exam format by solving past papers and practicing sample questions. Pay close attention totime management to ensure that you can complete each section within the allocated time.3. Improve listening skills: Engage in activities such as listening to English podcasts, watching English movies or TV shows, and practicing with online listening exercises. This will help you develop your listening comprehension skills and become more accustomed to different accents and speech patterns.4. Read extensively: Read a wide range of English texts, such as newspapers, academic articles, and literary works. This will not only enhance your vocabulary but also improve your reading speed and comprehension.5. Enhance writing skills: Practice writing essays on various topics and seek feedback from teachers or peers. Focus on improving your ability to structure your ideas logically, use appropriate language and grammar, and present compelling arguments.The Significance of the "考研" ExamThe "考研" exam holds great significance for students aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies at Black Dragon University. Here are a few reasons why this exam is important:1. Admission criteria: The "考研" exam is the primary criterion for admission to postgraduate programs at Black Dragon University. A high score in the exam improves your chances of being accepted into your desired program.2. Academic and career opportunities: Postgraduate studies at Black Dragon University provide students with opportunities for advanced research, intellectual growth, and professional development. Holding a postgraduate degree increases employability and opens doors to various career opportunities.3. Personal growth: The rigorous preparation required for the "考研" exam fosters discipline, perseverance, and critical thinking skills. Regardless of the exam outcome, the experience of striving to achieve one's goals is invaluable for personal growth.ConclusionThe "考研" exam is an important stepping stone for students aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies at Black Dragon University. By understanding the exam format and implementing effective preparation strategies, students can enhance their performance and increase their chances of admission. While the exam may be challenging, the rewards of advanced education and personal growth make the journey worthwhile.。
（完整word版）研究生综合英语（陆效用,复旦大学）单词整理（第一册）.docx
（完整word版）研究生综合英语（陆效用,复旦大学）单词整理（第一册）.docxFlabby弱的，松的Exhilarating令人高的Lapse 陷入，流逝，失效，Greasy 油的，油滑的Consummation房Amok 狂怒Snap突然，猛咬，突然折断Antagonism抗的，意的Cobble石，粗制造Scapegrace 混蛋Take a liking to喜Snippy粗的Infatuation迷恋Have to do with sb 与??有关Hyperstimulation 度刺激Intuition Rapport关系密切，和Forge 造，造Craving渴望，Stem from源于Curator，管理者，Hold true for sth ??也适用Count on指望Bemoan悲悼，哀Giddiness眩，浮Revert to回到??Muster召集Larder食品柜Gutter民窟，水沟Incentive刺激（的），激励Perversity反常，倔，Infamous声名狼藉Outback内地Hilarious极其可笑的，的Dissolute放Swoop俯冲Chuck拍，；放弃（in/up ），Rogue棍，小淘气Flutter拍翅膀，不跳，打走、扔掉（ out）Workhouse救所，囚犯工厂，，抖Expostulation告感化院Wallaby沙袋鼠Unscrupulous肆无忌惮的，无耻Yacht快艇Hector威吓，作威作福得人Amendment改正，修正案Sovereign土Plunk down突然落下Qualm（about）疑，担心，Settle down安Cook up内疚，心Wash one’s hands of sb/sth拒Peck sth out啄出，力的打字Convict 明有罪、判决（of），Be in sb’s debt欠?? A buffer zone冲地使悔悟，囚犯Make a point of doing一定Wipe out底，抹去，擦Vindictive复性的做??干Scoundrel棍Chitchat Be akin to密切关系的，相似的Philander玩弄女性Spam垃圾件En route在途中Grudge 嫉妒（v，n+ against），Detritus碎屑，腐Mount （使）登、爬、；架不情愿做（to do/doing ）Suck/rock吮，/ 晃，令人，嵌；（攻）；（警Levy 征收，征募，（争）震惊）；展出，搬上舞台Tip the scale (against/in favor of)Harry不断Ultimatum最后通牒Come across 偶遇，出，清，Snoop，管事的人，私Chronic慢性走来家探Tardiness拖拉More often than not Shrivel（使）萎、无能力Clamp 子，，行施或As opposed to Barrage阻，猛烈攻取Seedy 多种子的，下流，不愉快，Mind-boggling令人吃惊Riot 乱衣衫Disparate迥异Escalate（使）逐步升，自Sensation感知，Hassle争，麻扶梯爬升Premise 假定，Salvage挽救，可利用的品Squabble争吵Trashy垃圾似的Far-flung遥的Airborne空运，媒Inoffensive 无害的，不人Visceral内Intone吟的Transcend超越Enlist 征募，入伍，取（支持）Appeal 呼吁，求助（ to/for ），有Flatten弄平，打倒De rigueure 盛行吸引力的（to）Hierarchy等Tightrope拉的索，危的Intermediary 中介的，中介Purveyor建者境Thrill使，使，使抖Prurient色情Enunciate清晰地音，宣布Overt明，公然，蓄意Spew One-liner小笑Truculent凶狠、好、粗暴Mentor良益友Make for走向，攻，致Buttress支持物Forte特，响的，很响地Get away with幸逃脱Caricature 漫画，夸手法Steak牛排，肉排Speculate on思索，推Guise外，装Tentative性的Imbue sb(sth) with sth灌Gag插科打，塞住嘴，噎住Irrevocable不可撤回的Infuse sb(sth) with sth 注入Blitz炸Forego放弃Raise sb’s hackles 生气Citadel 城堡，要塞，安全的地方Marrow骨髓，精髓，葫芦Call sth forth起Aloofness冷漠，高傲Transient短的，瞬的，Dredge sth up挖取，出，提起Contagion染，染病住客，候Deceptive 虚的，人的Defiant 抗的，挑的，大胆的Galvanizing，Bracket 支架，括弧，，等Protocol ，礼，IT Imposter子，档次，同等的人/物Implore求Vivacious活的Falsify 造，歪曲，撒Ladle勺，用勺舀Crack裂开，开，（笑），Cog ，吻合Chalk up下，取得响，破解，掉，俏皮，Oversight失察，疏忽Patch up修，平息裂，入Flirt 情，一想到，In a twinkling一瞬Trepidation惶恐，抖Demotion 降Be caught up in sth ?特感Arrogance傲慢Banter 取笑，逗弄，开玩笑趣Hotshot能人，自命不凡的人，Scarlet 猩色Theologian神学家快Dissect 解剖，仔分析Bioethicist生物理学家Bravado 虚声，蛮干，冒Bluff 愚弄，吓Permeate渗入，弥漫Lovelorn失恋，相思病Abysmally 极坏的，极度的Mammary乳腺的，乳房的Dropout退出，退学，退学生，Bait ，引Nascent初生的，不成熟的漏掉Magnate 巨，要人，Atheist无神者Infatuation迷恋，迷恋的西Orchestra 管弦Agnostic不可知者Seductress勾引男人的女人Zenith 天，最高点，鼎盛Inundate泛，倒Potency 力量，潜力，力，效Becomingly 合适的，得体的Pharmaceutical 制的力Prima 第一的，主要的Insulin胰素Soother慰者Bolster 子，支持物，靠枕Reiterate 重申，反复做Chameleon色Mastermind 才横溢的人，智Uterine 子的Pejorative蔑的，的囊，幕后操Transfix刺穿，把某人怔住Modus operandi 一做法，工Obliterate 擦掉痕迹，消，忘掉Ply 向，定期往返，不断地做作方法to all intents and purposes 上Juggernaut世界主宰Omnipotent 全能的，至高无上的As opposed to 与?相，而不是Mandate命令，授Fortify加，加固，筑防御工At every turnOnslaught突，猛攻事于，支持，，提高养，Mark time原地踏步，无展Docile温，容易服的提高酒的度数At stake 危急关A host of大量Brim（杯碗、帽子）Come by从旁，得到Grapple with搏斗，努力付Obstinately固的，固的Break off中断，断交，折断Be entitled to有??利Howl叫Exert oneself尽力Walk of life行，Tug拉，拖In the nick of time 及Incandescent 的，的Blemish疤，瑕疵Provisional的，定的Forthcoming即将到来的，有Moratorium 延期付，停，的，意帮助的Bail out保，舀出，跳。
研究生综合英语
[标签:标题]篇一：研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文Unit1 An Image or a Mirage?There is a distinct difference between a winning image and a mirage. A mirage is an illusion, and in your quest for a winning image, you must be capable of identifying such mirages.One of the common misread images stems from what people think about eye contact. How many times have you heard, “You can tell he’s an honest man because he looks you straight in the eye.”Evidently, many people must believe that a dishonest man feels so ashamed that he’s not telling the truth that he can’t even face them directly. But what about an honest individual who is too shy to look straight at you? Furthermore, a good can artist knows that many people judge integrity by the way one looks at them,so he deliberately includes eye contact in his act. Because you can’t count on eye contact as an infallible test, you should never use it to evaluate another person’s honesty. Nonetheless, since most people do judge others by this criterion, be sure that you always look them squarely in the eye.Evaluating a man’s honesty by the way he looks at you makes no more sense than judging his integrity by the way your dog or cat reacts to him. Yet how many times have you heard a dog’s master say, “That’s interesting —Thor doesn’t take to strangers very often. He’s a good judge of human nature, and the fact that he’s friendly with you tells me some good things about you.”Once when I was in the home of a m prospect, his cat, Tiger, took such a liking to me that he sat on my shoulder during my entire sales presentation. When I was finished, my prospect’s wife said, “Mr. Shook, Tiger only does that with members of our immediate family. You must be a very honest person for her to be so friendly to you.”The truth of the matter was that I refrained from pushing the cat off because I was afraid she’d rip my suit or scratch my eyes out. However, I replied, “Yes, ma’am, Tiger obviously has some kind of instinct that enables her to accurately judge humans. She sure is a good judge of character.”Even though Tiger happened to be right in my case, I personally put very little faith in an animal’s instinctual ability to judge people. I’d say his reactions have more to do with odors and body movement.Some people judge another person by the way he or she shakes hands.A good, strong grip represents character, while a “dead fish”handshake! is a bad sign. 1, too, dislike the flabby handshake with no life to it, but I am careful not m to use it as a basis for judging an individual. Again, it’s too easy for a con artist to put a hearty handshake into his act. Though you should give a firm handshake so you’ll immediately create a goodimpression,don’t place too much weight on the next fellow’s grip; it doesn’t tell you anything concrete about him.There’s certain clean-cut appearance that creates an honest image. For example, a blond, blue-eyed young man with a boyish grin and a look that typifies the boy-next-door, All-American type’will almost always inspire confidence in mothers. There is no logical reason for placing such blind faith in a man simply because of the way he looks, yet most people do make such quick judgments. Conversely, the seedy man with dark oily skin, greasy black hair, and a moustache is not considered honest-looking. Similarly, a woman may have them looks which are usuallyassociated with those of a streetwalker, whereas a high-priced call girl may look refined and refreshing. Naturally, clothes and —in the case of women —cosmetics, have a great deal to do with such aforementioned appearances, but unfortunately a person’s m natural looks, over which he or she has little control, play an important part in the judgments most people will make. I pity the hard-working, honest salesman who was born with the looks that make people automatically think, “He’s not the kind of man I’d want to buy a used car from!”On the other hand, a very devious individual may look like the type you can trust. How can you be sure that the hitchhiker who looks so clean-cut is any less dangerous than the one who, because of his appearance, looks like a risk? And how can you be sure that this one really is a risk? The point is that we are most often being completely ueasonable in making such snap decisions.On a larger scale, voters often react favorably to a politician simply because of his clean-cut appearance. His opponent is often judged negatively because he has not been blessed with natural looks that generate trust. This kind of judgment is erroneous, and the consequences can produce devastating results. Granted, many people vote for a candidate strictly because of political issues, but the clean-cut image can tip the scales in favor of the wrong man in a close election.We make snap judgments about people on the basis of how they express themselves. To revert to politics, many voters judge a candidate’s ability by the way he makes a public speech. But though a candidate may be an effective speaker, he may not be capable of doing the job for which he is running. I know many highly talented men who simply have not developed an ability to speak well in public, but who are excellent in communicating with others on a one-to-one basis. The ability to express yourself strongly is always important, but we are too often wrongly impressed by the man who comes across as eloquent, since it is always possible thatthis virtue is only “skin-deep.”Yet it is easy to imagine a politician with a clean-cut look and a magnetic speaking voice romping all over his unassuming but better qualified opponent. He wins solely because his image is convincing.After many years of interviewing and hiring salesmen, I have reached the conclusion that the man with the glib tongue doesn’t necessarily become the top producer. Though there is a definite advantage in having a “natural”selling personality, more often than not the salesman with good working habits, proper motivation, and commitment is the one who becomes the best in his company. Too often, the sales manager who hires salesmen simply because of their extroverted and flamboyant personalities will have a high turnover.Another influencing factor is the effect produced on the listener by the sound of a name. At some time or another, we’ve all been guilty of hastily forming an unwarranted opinion when we hear a “winning name”as opposed to a “losing”one. Hollywood recognized this fact long ago when the studios began changing the stars’real names. One of my favorite movie lines is James Bond’s response to Pussy Galore’, the heroine in the movie Goldfinger. Meeting her for the first time, he can only exclaim, “I must be dreaming!”Had her name been Harriett Finkelstein, the audience would never have been able to appreciate one of the screen’s all-time great names! Yet, no matter how great a name is, using it as a criterion in evaluating character is just as illogical as determining a person’s value by a handshake.The beautiful, sexy redhead isn’t always the best bed partner, nor is the big, strong man, whom we usually expect to be the hero, always braver than the small, frail man on the battlefield. Likewise, there is no sound reason for believing that the out-of-town attorney or consultant is any more of an expert than the local man.Just because your dentist has to book you six months inadvance does not automatically mean that he does the best root-canal work. Nor will the insurance agent who drives a Mercedes’necessarily give you better service than the agent who drives a Ford sedan. Having to go through a main switchboard, a receptionist, and a private secretary before you get to speak with your attorney is no indication of his legal abilities. I also hope you don’t withdraw all your savings from Fourth Bank and deposit them with Third Bank just because their new home office building is several stories taller. It is equally ueasonable to assume that a hospital-clean restaurant serves the best food. True, all these factors are nice window dressing, and they shouldn’t be completely ignored, but other more important factors must be considered before you make any final decisions about those with whom you’ll do business.Many images are only mirages that we have been conditioned to accept as the real thing. So don’t be fooled the next time somebody tells you that Truman Blue is a great guy because of his wonderful smile, the way he looks people straight in the eye when he talks to them, his firm handshake, and his remarkable rapport with pets!Phrases and Expressionsin quest for: trying to find; seekingwhat about: what do you think about (sth.)stem from: arise from; have as its origin or causetake to: start to likecount on: rely on with confidencetake a liking to: be fond ofhave to do with sb. (sth.): be connected with or related to sb. (sth.) tip the scales: give a slight advantage to sb. or sth.be blessed with sb. (sth.): be fortunate in having sb. (sth.)revert to: talk about again; go back to (a former subject of conversation) come across: make an impression of the specified typemore often than not: very frequentlyas opposed to: in contrast toUnit2 Is Love an Art?Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one “falls into”if one is lucky? This little book is based on the former premise, while undoubtedly the majority of people today believe in the latter. Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs about love —yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love.This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combined tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of being loved, rather than that of loving, of one’s capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one’s position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating one’s body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, “to win friends and influence people.”As a ED matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovableis essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal.A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an object, not the problem of a faculty. People think that to love is simple, but that to find the right object to love —or to be loved —is difficult. This attitude has several reasons rooted in the development of modern society. One reason is the great change which occurred in the twentieth century with respect to the choice of a “love object.”In the Victorian age, as in many traditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage. On the contrary, marriage was contracted by convention either by therespective families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such intermediaries; it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generations the concept of romantic love has become almost universal in the Western world. In the United篇二：研究生综合英语1(翻译+答案)Unit OneAn Image or a MirageIII. V ocabularyA.1. unassuming2. stemmed from3. infallible4. had taken to5. prospect6. flabby7. More often than not8.devious9. tipped the scales in her favor10. rapportB.1. instinctual2.immediate3. deposit4. frail5. seedy6. magnetic7. extroverted8. book9. unwarranted 10. refinedC.1. D2.C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8.B9. D10.BIV. Cloze=1. which2. run3. concerned4. familiar5. evident6. even7.what8.Consequently 9 knowing10.By11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself16. mind17. from 18. never 19. pays20. consideredV. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
复旦大学出版社。研究生综合英语①修订版(课后习题解答+课文翻译)(1)
V. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。
这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。
就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。
再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。
然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。
我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。
这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。
不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。
他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。
B.If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the s ame impression in others.No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation.Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a w inner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved.Translation of Text形象还是表象？罗伯特⋅ L ⋅舒克成功的形象与表象之间有明显的区别。
2020年考研英语：大纲5500词解析（107）
2020年考研英语：大纲5500词解析（107）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020年考研英语：大纲5500词解析(107)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020年考研英语：大纲5500词解析(107)1 volcano n.火山2 volleyball n.排球3 volt n.伏特4 voltage n.电压5 volume n.容积,体积卷,册音量6 voluntary a.自愿的,志愿的7 volunteer n./v.自愿(者,兵)自愿(提供)8 vote n.投票,表决选票,选票数 v.投票,表决9 vowel n.元音,元音字母10 voyage n.航海航行旅行11 vulgar a.粗俗的，庸俗的，本土的，通俗的，普通的12 vulnerable a.易受攻击的13 wage n.(常pl.)工资,报酬 vt.进行,开展14 wagon n.运货马车,运货车敞蓬车厢15 waist n.腰,腰部16 wait v.(for)等待(on)侍候 n.等候，等待时间17 waiter n.侍者,服务员18 waitress n.女侍者,女服务员19 wake v.醒来,唤醒使觉醒,激发,引起20 waken v.醒,弄醒,唤醒21 walk v.走，步行，散步走遍 n.走，步行，散步22 wall n.墙，壁，围墙vt.筑墙围住，用墙隔开23 wallet n.皮夹,钱包24 wander v.漫步,徘徊迷路,迷失方向离题25 want vt.想要希望需要缺,缺少 n.需要短缺26 war n.战争(状态)冲突 vi.作战27 ward n.病房行政区监护被监护人 vt.挡住28 wardrobe n.衣柜,衣厨衣服行头剧装29 warehouse n.仓库,货栈30 warfare n.战争(状态)斗争冲突31 warm a.温暖的，热心的，热情的 v.(使)变暖32 warmth n.暖和,温暖热心,热情33 warn vt.警告 vi.发出警告34 warrant n.正当理由许可证,委任状 v.保证,担保35 wash n.洗洗的衣物 vt.冲刷，洗冲出 vi.洗澡36 waste v.浪费 a.无用的荒芜的 n.浪费废物37 watch v.观看看守(for)窥伺，等待 n.看管表38 watch v.观看注视看守警戒 n.注视手表守护39 water n.水 vt.浇灌给…饮水 vi.流泪，加水40 waterfall n.瀑布41 waterproof a.防水的,耐水的42 watt n.瓦,瓦特43 wave n.波浪(挥手)示意飘扬 v.(挥手)示意,致意44 wax n.蜡,蜂蜡 v.打蜡45 way n.道路，路程方法/式，手段习惯状态46 we pron.我们<主格>47 weak a.虚弱的,软弱的不够标准的淡薄的,稀的48 wealth n.财富,财产大量49 wealthy a.富有的,丰裕的,充分的 n.富人,有钱人50 weapon n.武器,兵器2020年考研英语：大纲5500词解析(106)1 verbal a.用言辞的,用文字的口头的动词的2 verdict n.(陪审团的)裁决,判决判断定论3 verge n.边,边缘 v.濒临4 verify vt.证实,查证证明5 versatile a.通用的多才多艺的,多方面的6 verse n.韵文,诗诗节,诗句7 version n.版本译本,译文说法8 versus prep.(vs.)…对…(在诉讼,比赛等)与…相对9 vertical a.垂直的,竖的 n.垂线10 very ad.很，非常完全 a.正是的真正，真实的11 vessel n.容器,器皿船,舰管,血管12 vest n.背心,马甲汗衫,内衣13 veteran n.老手,老兵14 veto n./v.否决15 via prep.经通过凭借16 vibrate v.(使)振动,(使)摇摆受…而感动17 vice n.邪恶恶习(pl.)台钳,老虎钳18 vicinity n.邻近,附近19 vicious a.恶毒的,凶残的,邪恶的20 victim n.牺牲品,受害者21 victory n.胜利22 video n.电视,视频录像 a.电视的,视频的录像的23 view n.视野风景观察见解照片 vt.观察认为24 viewpoint n.观点25 vigorous a.朝气蓬勃的,精力旺盛的26 village n.村,村庄27 vinegar n.醋28 violate vt.违背冒犯妨碍侵犯亵渎(圣物)29 violence n.猛烈,强烈暴力,暴行强暴30 violent a.猛烈的,激烈的暴力引起的,强暴的31 violet n.紫罗兰,紫色 a.紫色的32 violin n.小提琴33 virgin n.处女 a.处女的纯洁的原始的未使用的34 virtual a.实际上的,事实上的35 virtue n.德行,美德贞操优点功效,效力36 virus n.病毒(精神,道德方面的)有害影响37 visa n.(护照等的)签证维萨信用卡 vt.签证38 visible a.看得见的, 明显的, 显著的39 vision n.视力,视觉远见洞察力幻想,幻影想象力40 visit n.访问,参观 v.访问,参观视察降临闲谈41 visitor n.访问者,客人,来宾,参观者42 visual a.看的,看得见的视觉的43 vital a.生死攸关的,重大的生命的,生机的44 vitamin n.维生素45 vivid a.鲜艳的生动的,栩栩如生的46 vocabulary n.词汇,词汇量词汇表47 vocal a.声音的有声的歌唱的 n.元音声乐作品48 vocation n.职业召唤天命天职才能49 voice n.声音嗓音发音能力意见,发言权语态50 void a.空虚的没有的无效的2020年考研英语：大纲5500词解析(101)1 time n.时间，时刻次，回时代，时期倍，乘2 timely a.及时的,适时的3 timid a.胆怯的,怯懦的4 tin n.罐头锡 a.锡制的 vt.镀锡于5 tiny a.极小的,微小的6 tip n.尖端末端小费 n./v.轻击倾斜给小费7 tire v.(使)疲倦,(使)厌倦 n.(=tyre)轮胎,车胎8 tired a.疲劳的厌倦的9 tiresome a.使人厌倦的,讨厌的10 tissue n.织物,薄绢,纸巾(动,植物的)组织11 title n.书名,标题头衔,称号12 to prep.(表示方向)到向(表示间接关系)给.13 toast n.烤面包,吐司祝酒(词)v.烘,烤(向…)祝酒14 tobacco n.烟草,烟叶15 today ad.在今天现今，在当代 n.今天现在16 toe n.脚趾,足尖17 together ad.共同,一起合起来,集拢地18 toilet n.厕所,盥洗室19 token n.表示标志记号代用硬币 a.象征性的20 tolerance n.宽容容忍,忍受耐药力公差21 tolerant a.容忍的,宽容的有耐药力的22 tolerate vt.容忍,默许对(药物、毒品等)有耐力23 toll n.(道路、桥等的)通行费牺牲死伤人数24 tomato n.西红柿25 tomb n.坟,冢26 tomorrow n.明天来日，未来 ad.在明天，在明日27 ton n.吨(pl.)大量,许多28 tone n.音调,音色风气,气氛腔调,语气色调29 tongue n.舌语言30 tonight ad.在今晚在今夜 n.今晚，今夜31 too ad.也，还太，过于很，非常32 tool n.工具，用具方法，手段33 tooth n.(pl.teeth)牙齿齿状物34 top n.顶，顶端首位顶点 a.高的顶上的35 topic n.话题,主题,题目36 torch n.手电筒火炬,火把37 torment n.折磨令人痛苦的东西(人)vt.折磨纠缠38 torrent n.激流，洪流爆发，(话语等的)连发39 torture v.拷问,拷打折磨,磨难 n.拷问折磨,痛苦40 toss vt.向上掷/扔摇摆，颠簸 n.投，扔摇动41 total n.总数,合计 a.总的,全部的 v.合计,总数达42 touch v.触,碰,摸感动涉及 n.触动,碰到少许43 tough a.坚韧的,棘手的强健的,吃苦耐劳的粗暴的44 tour n.旅游，旅行巡回演出/比赛 v.旅游45 tourist n.旅游者，观光客巡回比赛的运动员46 tow vt.(用绳、链等)拖(车、船等) n.拖,牵引47 toward prep.(towards)朝，向将近对于为了48 towel n.毛巾 vt.用毛巾擦或擦干49 tower n.塔 v.高耸50 town n.市镇市民城市商业区，闹市区。
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Bangalore
Bangalore is in the south of India. It is home of high tech industries in India. the 'byte-basket' of India. the computer software industry -----Silicon Valley of Asia. In 2001 Bangalore was listed Number 4 among the new and developing cities in the world by the UNDP.
班加罗尔夜景
摩登与落后并存
Seattle
Seattle is the northernmost major city in the contiguous United States, and the largest city in the Pacific Northwest and in the state of Washington. The Seattle area has been inhabited for at least 4,000 years. Seattle has a reputation for heavy coffee consumption and it is also ranked as one of the most car-congested cities in the United States. Seattle’s economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies, and "new economy" Internet and technology companies, service, design and clean technology companies. The Port of Seattle is a major e晨雾之中的卢旺达首都基加利
• 卢旺达种族大屠杀（英文：Rwandan Genocide）又称卢
旺达内战，是发生在卢旺达于1994年4月6日至1994年6月 中旬胡图族对图西族及胡图族温和派有组织的种族灭绝 大屠杀。大屠杀共造成80万至100万人死亡
一名卢旺达妇女在摆放大屠杀遇难 者的头骨
• １９９４年４月６日，卢旺达总统、胡图族人哈比亚利马纳的座机在 基加利上空被导弹击落，机上人员全部遇难。该事件立即在卢全国范 围内引发了胡图族人针对图西族人的血腥报复。７日，由胡图族士兵 组成的总统卫队杀害了卢旺达女总理、图西族人乌维林吉伊姆扎纳和 ３名部长。在此后３个月里，先后约有８０万至１００万人被杀，其 中绝大部分为图西族人，也包括一些同情图西族的胡图族人，卢旺达 全国１／８的人口消失。
卢旺达共和国 (The Republic of Rwanda)
独立日：７月１日（１９６２年） 国庆日：７月１日（１９６２年） 国家政要： 保罗· 卡加梅(Paul Kagame)，２００３年８月，卡加梅在总统 选举中获胜。 自然地理：面积为２６３３８平方公里。位于非洲中东部赤道南侧，内陆 国家。西和西北与刚果（金）为邻，北与乌干达接壤，东与坦桑尼亚毗连， 南界布隆迪。全境多山地和高原，有“千丘之国”之称。大部地区属热带高 原气候和热带草原气候，温和凉爽。 人口：1000万（２００9年）。由胡图（８５％）、图西（１４％）和特瓦 （１％）三个部族组成。官方语言为卢旺达语和法语。１９９９年１月１８ 日卢旺达总统比齐蒙古宣布，英语将作为官方语言，取消法语的官方语言地 位。居民45％信奉天主教，44％信奉原始宗教，10％信奉基督教新教，1％信 奉伊斯兰教。 首都：基加利 (Kigali，人口７５万（２００２年）。年平均气温１９°C。
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简史：１６世纪图西族人在卢旺达建立了封建 王国。１９世纪中叶起，英、德、比势力相继侵 入。１８９０年沦为“德属东非”保护地。１９ １６年被比利时占领。１９２２年根据凡尔赛和 约，国联将卢“委托”比利时统治，成为比属卢 安达－乌隆迪的一部分。１９４６年成为联合国 托管地。仍由比利时统治。１９６０年比同意卢 “自治”。１９６２年７月１日宣告独立，定国 名为卢旺达共和国。 独立后，图西族和胡图族 多次发生冲突，战事持续不断。１９９１年６月 卢实行多党制。 政治：卢旺达实行总统制，立法、司法、行政三 权分立。总统为国家元首、政府首脑（部长会议 主席）和武装部队总司令，执掌国家的行政权
Siberia
• 西伯利亚人口约4000万。俄罗斯人占80％以上，乌克兰人 和白俄罗斯人约占5％，其他有科米人、雅库特人、图瓦 人等。人口沿铁路线分布。西伯利亚主要城市有新西伯利 亚和克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等。 • 60年代中期起开发西西伯利亚大型油气田。70年代中期， 开始修建4275千米的第二条西伯利亚铁路，即贝加尔－阿 穆尔铁路（泰舍特－苏维埃港），已于1984年11月通车。 西伯利亚是重要的能源和原材料基地，在此基础上，石油 化工、煤化工、有色金属开采、冶金工业也很发达，钢铁 工业已初具规模，机械工业有发展，但不配套，仍较薄弱。 农业以西西伯利亚南部较发达，小麦和乳、肉用畜牧业为 主要部门。
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飞机失事是导致种族屠杀的直接原因，但究其内部原因则是卢旺达 胡图族与图西族两部族长期以来矛盾冲突的直接碰撞。２０世纪６０ 年代以前，仅占人口１０％—１５％的图西族在卢旺达占据统治地位， ８８％的政府官员都是图西族人，并拥有绝大部分可耕地。１９５９ 年，卢旺达南部的胡图族农民开始反抗图西族贵族的统治并掌了权， 把土地重新分配给无地的人，许多图西族贵族逃到了邻近国家。１９ ６２年卢旺达宣布独立后，图西族和胡图族多次发生冲突，战事持续 不断。
I.T 科技城
硅谷
Bangalore today is Asia’s fastest growing cosmopolitan city. Bangalore is also home to some of India’s premier scientific establishments. Blessed with a salubrious climate, gardens &parks,natural lakes, architectural landmarks, shopping malls, the best restaurants and pubs in this part of the globe, business opportunities, Bangalore is the ideal gateway to India and beyond. Bangalore offers something for everyone-music and dance concerts (Western and Indian), dramas, exhibitions, carnivals(狂欢节), conferences and more.