[学习]定语从句的翻译策略translationofattributiveclau

第三章定语从句的翻译与四字格的运用

3．5. Translation of Attributive Clauses 定语从句的翻译For the short attributives, we can often put them before the head nouns they modifies in translation, no matter they are restrictive or non-restrictive ones.It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snow strove so faithfully all his life. （strive for sth. faithfully 为……奋斗不渝）了解到他们一定会继承爱德加·斯诺终生为之奋斗不渝的事业，这是令人欣慰的。

His laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.他富于感染力的笑声打破了沉默。

For longer attributives, we can often translate them into another clause(小句) or sentence through division.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力奋斗，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为此献出了自己的生命。

A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。

定语从句翻译方式

定语从句翻译方式定语从句翻译方式定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句（英语：attributive clause），这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。

下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句翻译方式，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

第一、前置翻译法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。

但前置翻译法往往适用于较短的定语。

如：Yao Ming is a basketball player who is ver great.姚明是一名非常伟大的运动员。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

His laughter，which was infectious，broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

第二、后置翻译法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。

其中对于先行词的处理有两种：1. 重复先行词。

如：I told the story to John，who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee，whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。

英汉互译定语从句翻译

He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment. 那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。
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This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. *这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. *这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。
污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。例2. July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
七八月是天气很热的月份。
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Practice
In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。

定语从句的翻译策略Translation of Attributive Clause

尊敬的各位来宾，女士们，先生们： 2. 尊敬的各位来宾，女士们，先生们：早上好，很高兴参加《财富》论坛，我谨以“ 早上好，很高兴参加《财富》论坛，我谨以“中国的开放与世界的供赢”为题，与各位交流。27年前，开放对于中国还是界的供赢”为题，与各位交流。27年前，年前一个很陌生的词汇。当邓小平提出对外开放的时候，一个很陌生的词汇。当邓小平提出对外开放的时候，中国人遇到了思维上前所未有的挑战，遇到了思维上前所未有的挑战，很多人怀疑中国的开放是不是风险太大了？但无论阻力有多大，是风险太大了？但无论阻力有多大，二十多年来中国始终坚持了对外开放的基本国策。今天，当人们回首往事时，持了对外开放的基本国策。今天，当人们回首往事时，惊喜的发现，中国已实现了历史的跨越：27年间年间，的发现，中国已实现了历史的跨越：27年间，国民生产总值增加了1100% 平均增速达9.4% 改革开放之初， 1100%， 9.4%。增加了1100%，平均增速达9.4%。改革开放之初，人们把那些巨富的人称为“万元户” 些巨富的人称为“万元户”，而目前我国居民人均储蓄就有上万元了。所以，开放给中国人民带来了实惠，上万元了。所以，开放给中国人民带来了实惠，中国人从心里喜欢开放。里喜欢开放。
4. 中国既是一个能源消费大国，又是一个能源生产大国。在能源问题上，我们一直主张在平等互利基础上，加强国际合作，共同应对包括油价高在内的能源问题。
Text translation
1. A new currency called the Euro was launched in Europe. It will replace eleven currencies by the year 2002 so that eleven European countries will share a common euro currency. The euro will make it easier for these countries to trade with each other and for other countries to trade with them. The euro is latest in a global economy of money which sees frantic trading of currency 24 hours a day. Every day trillions of dollars are moved around the world via banks’ computers. Even as nations sleep, the fiber optic cables, fax and phone lines, and Internet cyberspace highways are humming with the trade in money.

英语翻译定语从句的译法

省略英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义，必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。
In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences. 我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从一开始就以下几点达成共识：过去的一些时期内我们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。但我们之所以走到一起，是因为我们有着共同利益，这些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。
Translation of Attributive Clauses 定语从句的翻译
定语从句
限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系较为密切；非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，只是对它加以叙述，描写或解释，并用逗号与之隔开。
There was a man who seemed to have the answers, and who was Mr. Ro Nhomakorabeaert.
有人似乎胸有成竹，他就是罗伯特先生。
March is the month God created to show people who don’t drink what a hangover is like. 上帝创造了三月，诣在让那些未曾喝醉过的人们体验沉醉的感觉。 The kapok is in blossom that heralds the early spring. 木棉盛开，预示着早春的到来。

定语从句的翻译

他们对我们的要求置之不理，他们对我们的要求置之不理，这使我们大家都很气愤。都很气愤。
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省略英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义，省略英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义，英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词加译一些代词或连词。必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。
In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let week, us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences. differences. 我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从一开始就以下几点达成共识：一开始就以下几点达成共识：过去的一些时期内我们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。但我们之所以走到一起，是因为我们有着共同利益我们有着共同利益，们之所以走到一起，是因为我们有着共同利益，这些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。
如果乘火车抵达芝加哥，如果乘火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感觉到从（密歇根）个小时，你也会感觉到从（密歇根）湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“ 过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风的缘故。城” 的缘故。

The Translation of Attributive Clause1

THE TRANSLATION OF THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE（定语从句）见PPT相关介绍I. Restrictive Attributive Clausesbination（前置法？）⏹Examples:：Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.⏹污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。

⏹In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.⏹(在)存放电子计算机的房间里, 不能有一点灰尘。

⏹ 3. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history booksare great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.⏹历史书上出现得最经常和最为显耀的人物大多是伟大的征服者、将军和士兵, 而那些真正推动文明前进的人却往往名不见经传。

2. Division分译法Examples:⏹They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and forwhich , in the past , many Chinese have laid down their lives.⏹他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的, 在过去, 许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

⏹ A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.⏹燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并释放出热量。

定语从句的译法

定语从句的译法（The translation of attributive clauses）A daily lesson in English translation(attributive clauses)Fourth English Chinese TranslationsThe sixth chapter is the translation of attributive clausesAttributive clauses can be divided into two types:restrictive attributive clauses and non restrictive attributive clauses. The two types of attributive clauses are similar in translation methods, so we put them together to introduce them.In translating attributive clauses,we often use the following translation methods:I.preposition methodThe original English translation of attributive clause with "attributive phrases,placed before the modified word,the original English complex sentence translation into Chinese simple sentences.This method is generally used for the restrictive attributive clause is short of.Some shorter descriptive non restrictive attributive clauses can also adopt the preposition method,but no restrictive attributive clauses are widely used.Such as:Case1.For example,one function of seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves friendship and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.For example,one of the functions of friendship seems to be to support the image we have in our minds and to strengthen ourvalues.Example2.The first two must be equal all who are being comparedif any comparison in terms for of intelligence is to be made. (examination questions)The first two factors must be the same for all who are being compared, if any comparison is to be made from intelligence.Case 3.The first method is to a synonym a word that has nearly the same meaning as give the word you wish to define:face for countenance nervousness for anxiety.The first method is synonymous,i.e.,gives a word that is almost identical in meaning to the word that needs to be interpreted,such as"face"in countenance and"nervousness"in anxiety.4.Behaviourists,in contrast,say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.(90version)Behaviorists,in contrast,argue that differences in scores aredue to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the advantages that whites enjoy in education and other external environments.Method of scientific investigation is 5.The nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mindit is simply the mode;by which all phenomena are reasoned aboutand given precise and exact explanations.(94version)The method of scientific research is merely the necessary expression of the activity of human mind,that is,the expression of all phenomena and precise and rigorous explanations.Case6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.Nearby,there are no children of their own age and partners, and nursery schools can benefit a lot.Two,postpositionWhen the attributive clause is longer,if translated into the front of the attribute, it does not conform to Chinese expression custom,in this case,often the translation of attributive clause into parallel clauses,placed in it behind the original rhetoric.In addition,in dealing with such attributive clauses,the general principle is:if you retain the antecedent,then repeat in the second clauses,and if omitted,the two coordinate clauses are no longer retained.Of course,there are exceptions in the actual translation process.Case1.All the water that through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too flows which it can do only by going faster.The total amount of water flowing through a rough pipe in a second must pass in some way through a thin pipe,which can onlybe done by speeding up the flow.Case2.Perhaps light is some sort electric wave of whose nature we do not yet understand.Perhaps light is some kind of electric wave,the nature of which we don't know.3.They are striving for ideal which close to the is heart of every Chinese and for which the in the past many Chinese have laid down their lives.They are striving for an ideal that is cherished by every Chinese. In the past,many Chinese had sacrificed their lives for this ideal.Will be particularly true since4.This energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.(91version)This dilemma will be certain,because the lack of energy to make agriculture in the high-energy American continue,and that to combine few farmers with high yields possible.5.cases of"In short",a leader of the new school attends,the scientific revolution, as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of Science in innumerable directions. "(94version)A leader of the new school contends:"in short, we call the scientific revolution,mainly refers to the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments,the improvement and invention and use of the scope of the scientific development of nothing is impossible.Case6.The food supply will increase nearly enough match this to which means that we are heading into a crisis in not the matter of producing and marketing food.(examination questions)Food supplies will not keep up with population growth,which means that we are in crisis in the production and marketingof food.Three,translated into adverbial clauseSome English attributive clauses,adverbial clauses of both functions in logic(i.e.sense)adverbial and the main reasons, relationship,results,concessions,assumptions,the translation should be good at discovering the relationship between the logic from the English text between the lines,and then translated into Chinese in the corresponding subordinate complex sentences.Such as:Example1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.He does not remember his father because he was three years old when his father died.Case2.However,iceberg,water,could,extremely,cheap,for, some,countries,when,with,desalination,a,process,which, requires,compared,much,more,,fuel,and,be,much,more, money.For some countries,however,the cost of iceberg water is probably very cheap compared to desalination,because the desalination process requires more fuel and more money.Case3.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.He is an idealist if he thinks that rational knowledge does not have to be derived from perceptual knowledge.Example4...It,was,not,until,sixty,ago,that,a,method, of,extracting,aluminum,ore,was,found,which,could,lead, to,a,years,cheap,large-scale,process.(questions)......It was not until60years ago that people found the wayto mine bauxite,which made it possible to smelt aluminium metalat a low cost and a large scale.Examples are 5.In,office,figures,lists,and,information, are,which,tell,the,managers,or,heads,of,the,business, what,compiled,is,happening,in,their,shops,,or, factories.In the office,staff compile data,forms,and information so that managers or executives can understand what is happening in their stores or factories.Case6.Liquids,which,contains,no,free,electrons,are,poor, conductors,of,heat.Any liquid that is free of free electrons is a poor conductor of heat.We talked about the different methods of translating attributive clauses,here we also need to remind you that in the translation of sentences containing attributive clauses, we should pay special attention to the time in the above sentence structure analysis,which is sure to find out the attributive clause modifies the antecedent.Let's illustrate with an example:In,fact,a,basic,amount,movement,occurs,during,sleep, which,is,of,specifically,concerned,,with,preventing, muscle,inactivity.Someone once translated this sentence into:In fact，There is still a certain amount of activity during sleep, especially when it comes to preventing muscle activity.Before judging whether the translation is wrong, we first analyze the sentence in the attributive clause modifies the antecedent,guide which in this sentence the attributive clause two may be modified:a basic amount of components movement and sleep,in general, the attributive clause often modified fromthe noun it recently.But in this sentence,it is not so,because, if it is sleep,we will translate the above sentence,but from the point of view of the meaning of the sentence doesn't make sense,therefore,the attributive clause is in front of the a basic amount of modified movement should be translated as:In fact,there is still a certain amount of activity during sleep,especially in relation to the interruption of muscle activity.From this we can see that it is very important to determine the antecedent of attributive clauses,and the key to making the correct judgments is to analyze the structure of the sentence and to understand the context in which the underlined sentences appear. In addition, we also need to pay attention to some of the more complex attributive clause structure,that is the attributive clause and with attributive clauses,we should pay attention to the flexible use of our previously described in some translation techniques in the translation of these sentences,especially to analyze the relationship between the attributive clause,for example:Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.(90version)The backbone of the above sentence is:Behaviourists,suggest, that,the,child...Will experience...Development,this is a complex sentence,guided by that in the object clause,behind the subject of child is a who by the attributive clause,theattributive clause in another by where,environment front,and then in the attributive clause and a which,stimuli front,which constitute a set of three attributive clauses in structure, translated into Chinese,taking into account the attributive clause is too long,we need to separate individual attributive clauses to translation,so we can put this sentence into Chinese translation:Behaviorists suggest that if a child grows up in an environment where there are many stimuli,and that these stimuli can develop their proper responses,then the child will have higher intellectual development.。

英语翻译定语从句的译法课件

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即先译主句，然后将定语从句译成并列分句，有时也可以译成独立的句子。这时要重复先行词或用代词、副词等来指代先行词或
整个句子。
o If you reach Chicago by train and
spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “ Windy City” .
.
o 你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃三到五餐肉食，你拿她同她们(英国女人)比，当然觉得她是个苗条仙女了。
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译成状语从句
o 有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有着逻辑状语关系，起着主句的原因，结果，目的，条件，让步等状语的作用，翻译时应该按照其语法功能，译成汉语各种相应的复句。
o 这位女记者想写篇文章，以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。 ( 目的状语)
4. You would have to be careful not to offend the boss, who would give you the sack at any time.
o 你得小心谨慎，不能得罪老板，因为老板随时
a 前置译法 b 后置译法 c 合成译法 d 译成状语从句
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前置译法
o 限制性定语从句往往要译成“ … ”这种句型的前置定语结构，因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。
o 也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。
o There are many people who want to see the film.

Translation of attributive clause

（译成并列分句，省略英语先行词）

There
is a man downstairs who wants to see
you. There are many people who want to see the film.
C．溶合法
把原句中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译作
一个独立句子 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 There are many people who want to see the film.
A. 前置法
一些较短而具有描写性的英语非限制性定语
从句也可以译成带“的”的前置定语，放在被修饰的词之前他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
但…
富有感染力的笑声打破了静默。
B. 后置法
1）译成并列分句，在译文中把原文从句后置，重复英语关系代词所表示的含义。 The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle,, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布里特而关，布里特而叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听见。
3．Attributive clauses which can function as adverbials (兼有状语职能的定语从句) 某些定语从句带有状语的职能，在意义上与主句有着状语关系，说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。译成表“因”的分句 We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。 2）译成表“果”的分句

定语从句的翻译方法

定语从句的翻译方法On the Translation of Attributive Clausesfrom English into Chinese1. IntroductionAttributive clause, a very complicated part of a sentence, often appears in both written and spoken English and causes the difficulty of English learners to understand it, or to put it into Chinese. This is because it is quite different from Chinese in placement, structure and function and hard to be identified. Following is my preliminary study of English attributive clauses and handing of them in terms of translation practice.2. Types of English attributive clausesThe attributive clause in English generally varies in restrictive and non-restrictive ones. The former is usually led by a relative pronoun or relative adverb and closely attached to the antecedent. It is not separated from the head by a break in intonation, or by a comma in writing. It forms an integral part of the noun phrase, without which the head cannot be identified as the specific object. The latter does not restrict the referential meaning of the antecedent, and is separated by a comma from the main clause. If it is taken away, the antecedent still refers to the same person or thing (章振邦，1995：210 ). See the following examples:1) There were few students that escaped without serious injuries.（逃出来的学生无不受重伤者。