unit3
unit3-课文精讲
His famous stories
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Mark Twain: (1835—1910)
The greatest humorist of the 19th
century American literature.
Real name of MT Meaning of his pen name Birth date
Samuel Langhorne Clemens river
1835 (died 1910)
Birth place
Florida
Place where he grew up
In Hannibal, Missoouri, along the Mississippi River.
亨 利:是的,从旧金山来。
罗德里克:你对伦敦熟悉吗?
HENRY: That's right, from San Francisco.
亨 利:一点儿也不熟,这是我第一次
来伦敦。
RODERICK: How well do you know London?
HENRY: Not at all, it's my first trip here.
RODERICK: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?
HENRY: Who? Me, sir?
RODERICK: Yes, you.
OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.
HENRY: (A servant opens a door) Thanks.
Unit3词汇及翻译
Unit 31.There are aways people who dream to make a(n) from gambling(赌博),even though they know the chances are slim(苗条的、微小的).总有一些人梦想着从赌博中发财,即使他们知道机会很渺茫。
young because he couldn’t work out easy mathematical(数学的) calculations(计算)在发明家托马斯·爱迪生小的时候,被视为是一个傻孩子,因为他连简单的数学运算都算不出来。
犯罪嫌疑人) for about two days before they finally caught him in a deserted warehouse(仓库).警察追赶抢劫嫌疑犯大约两天之后,他们终于在一个废弃的仓库里抓到了他。
运动、活动) to raise money for the girl who has caught a rare(rare) disease(疾病).地方报社开展了一个为患有稀有疾病的女孩捐款活动。
5.Rock climbing is attractive(有吸引力的) especially to young peoplebecause it is always with hardship(困难) and adventure.攀岩是具有吸引力的,尤其是对年轻人来说,因为它总是伴随着困难和冒险。
6.The face value(面值) of the bill(账单、钞票(内在的) value is nothing but that of a piece of paper.该票据面值为一美元,但其内在价值只是一张纸。
7.Having won several championships in international matches recently,hecurrently(目前among the world’s professional tennis players.在最近的国际比赛中赢得了几次冠军,他目前在世界上职业网球选手中排名第二。
人教版九年级英语全册教师用书:Unit 3
Unit 3Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?1.It serves delicious food.它提供美味的食物。
(1)serve sth.(with sth.),意为“提供某物(配某物)”;serve sth.to sb.=serve sb.sth.,意为“用……款待某人”。
如:He served us a big plate of chicken.他给我们端上一大盘鸡肉。
(2)serve作动词,意为“够……吃(用)”。
如:This dish will serve four people.这盘菜够四个人吃。
(3)serve作动词,还意为“接待;服务”。
如:Are you being served?有人接待您吗?(4)有关serve的习惯用语:It serves sb. right (for doing sth.)某人咎由自取/罪有应得;serve your/its turn(在某方面或某期间)发挥作用;serve two masters 侍奉二主。
2.suggestsuggest意为“建议”,其后可跟名词、动词-ing形式及宾语从句。
跟宾语从句时,谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气的形式,即should+动词原形,其中should可省略。
如:①He suggested a twoday stay in Beijing on the way home.他建议回家途中在北京停留两天。
②My father suggested sending for a doctor at once.我父亲建议马上派人请个医生。
③The teacher suggested that we (should) speak English as much as possible in class.老师建议我们尽可能在课堂上多讲英语。
3.depend on取决于depend on+名词/代词/宾语从句,意为“视……而定;取决于……”。
Unit 3 知识点详解
1.I’m going to exercise.我将要去锻炼。
exercise锻炼,动词;锻炼,名词exercise=take exercise=take some exercise锻炼2.Are you going to climb a hill?你将要去爬山吗?climb爬,及物动词climb a hill爬山3.You need to exercise and keep fit.你需要去锻炼和保持健康。
need需要,及物动词need to do sth需要去做某事need to exercise需要去锻炼keep保持,系动词fit健康的,形容词keep fit保持健康=keep healthy=stay healthy4.This hill isn’t as high as a real one!这座山没有真的山那么高!high高的,形容词as high as和...一样高(as...as中间加形容词的原形)not as high as不如,没有...高real真正的,形容词a real hill一座真正的山5.Let’s enjoy ourselves!让我们好好享受吧!let’s=let us让我们let让,及物动词let sb do sth让某人做某事Let us play together.让我们一起玩。
enjoy喜欢,享受,及物动词enjoy oneself好好享受,玩得开心enjoy yourself你自己玩得开心enjoy ourselves我们自己玩得开心6.Yesterday I took a boat trip under the famous Harbour Bridge and went past the Sydney Opera House.昨天我在著名的港湾大桥下乘船旅行,经过了悉尼歌剧院。
trip短途旅行,可数名词take a boat trip乘船旅行under在...的下面under the famous Harbour Bridge在港湾大桥下面go past经过=passthe Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院go past the Sydney Opera House=pass the Sydney Opera House经过悉尼歌剧院7.I’m having a great time in Australia!我在澳大利亚玩得很开心!have a great time=have a good time=have a nice time=have a wonderful time玩得很开心8.Take care!保重!care照顾,关怀,名词take care保重take care of...照顾...=look after...take good care of...照顾好=look after...welltake good care of yourself=look after yourself well照顾好你自己9.We’re sitting in a little coffee shop by the River Seine.我们正坐在塞纳河旁边的一个小咖啡馆里面。
人教版九年级英语Unit3单词、课文知识梳理,词汇句式精讲
人教版九年级英语Unit3单词、课文知识梳理/词汇句式精讲Unit3 单词restroom [ˈrestru:m] n.(美)洗手间;公共厕所stamp [stæmp] n. 邮票;印章bookstore [ˈbukstɔ:(r)] n. 书店beside[bɪˈsaɪd] prep. 在……旁边;在……附近postcard [ˈpəustka:(r)d] n. 明信片pardon [ˈpa:(r)dn] v. 原谅interj.请再说一遍washroom [ˈwɔʃru:m] n. 洗手间;厕所bathroom [ˈbɑ:θru:m] n. 浴室;洗手间normally ['nɔ:rməli] adv.通常;正常情况下rush [rʌʃ] v. & n. 仓促;急促suggest [səˈdʒest] v. 建议;提议pass by 路过;经过staff [sta:f] n. 管理人员;职工grape [greip] n. 葡萄central [ˈsentrəl] adj. 中心的;中央的Nearby [ˌnɪrˈbaɪ] adj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近;附近Pardon me 抱歉, 对不起;什么,请再说一遍mail [meil] v. 邮寄;发电子邮件n. 邮件east [i:st] adj. 东方的;东部的adv.向东;n.东方fascinating [ˈfæsineitiŋ] adj.迷人的;有吸引力的. Inexpensive[ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv] adj.不昂贵的Uncrowded [ʌnˈkraʊdɪd] adj.不拥挤的;人少的convenient [kənˈvi:niənt] adj. 便利的;方便的mall [mɔ:l] n. 商场;购物中心clerk [kla:k][kl:rk] n. 职员corner [ˈkɔ:(r)nə(r)] n. 拐角;角落politely [pəˈlaitli] adv. 礼貌地;客气地request [riˈkwest] n. 要求;请求direction [diˈrekʃn] [daiˈrekʃn] n. 方向;方位correct [kəˈrekt] adj. 正确的;恰当的polite [pəˈlait] adj. 有礼貌的;客气的. direct [diˈrekt, daiˈrekt] adj. 直接的;直率的. speaker [ˈspi:kə] n.讲(某种语言)的人;发言者whom [hu:m] pron. 谁;什么人impolite [ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt] adj. 不礼貌的;粗鲁的address [əˈdres], [ˈædres] n.住址;地址;通讯处. Underground [ˈʌndəɡraʊnd] adj.地下的;n.地铁Parking lot n.停车场course [kɔ:(r)s] n. 课程;学科Italian [Iˈtæli ən] adj.意大利\人的;n.意大利人\语Tim [tim] 蒂姆(男名)Unit3 知识梳理【重点短语】1.a pair of 一对,一双,一副2.between A and B 在a和b之间3.on one’s / the way to 在去……的路上4.pardon me 什么,请再说一遍5.pass by 路过经过6.look forward to 盼望期待7.excuse me 打扰了请原谅8.get some information about 获取有关……的一些信息9.turn left\right 向左\向右转10.go past 经过路过11.a little earlier 早一点儿12.a good place to eat 一个吃饭的好地方13.in different situation 在不同的情况下14.on time 准时按时15.get to 到达16.have dinner 吃晚餐17.on one’s / \the right在右边e on 快点请过来19.the shopping center 购物中心20.the corner of....... 的角落/拐角处21.lead into 导入,引入【重点句型】1.问路常用的句子:①Do you know where is …?②Can you tell me how can I get to …?③Could you tell me how to get to …?④Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth.表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?2. decide to do 决定做…...She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。
unit 3答案
Unit3 SportsLead-in Activities1.sword playing; chuiwan; wresting; cuju.2.3.Omitted.Text AText Comprehension1.Answer the following questions after you have read the whole text.(1)Because Chinese Martial Arts has a long history, widespread influence and prominent cultural, sports, historic significance.(2)In the later primitive societies the skills of kicking, boxing and blocking began to appear at ceremonial rituals where they were combined with dance to represent their heroes, thus forming the earliest series of Kung Fu moves and performances.(3)Kung Fu styles are often classified according to their common traits and geographical location, identified as “families” “sects” or “schools” of martial arts.They can also be categorized according to religion, imitative-styles and family styles, etc.(4)The former emphasizes muscular strength while the latter the “internal power”, which includes the manipulation of the inner breath and internal circulation.(5)Aside from its function in offence & defence, Kung Fu has a considerable role to play in moral cultivation, body building, and aesthetic appreciation.(6)The Chinese character “武”(martial art) comprises of two characters: “止” (stop) and “戈” (an ancient weapon), which indicates that the essence of martial art is not to fight, but to maintain peace.(7)Chinese Kung Fu was first introduced abroad to the United States by Chinese-American Kung Fu master Bruce Lee, whose agile movements in a series of his great movies swept American audiences off their feet.(8)No. To further delight audiences, movie makers add more and more modern techniques into their films exaggerating the effect of Kung Fu.Vocabulary Exercises1.Choose appropriate words to fill in the gaps below. Change the form if necessary.(1)enchant (2) Primitive (3) render (4) prominent (5) imitative (6) exaggerated (7) deficient (8) circulation (9) survival (10) embraces2.Translate the following sentences into English with the words given below. Note that you are encouraged to use the sentences in Text A.(1)Chinese Kung Fu is effective both in battle and in building physical strength. In addition, it unites with the traditional medicine concepts of human’s meridians and collaterals, Qi and blood.(2)During thousands of years (of development),Kung Fu has developed into a comprehensive system embracing numerous sects, schools and disciplines rare seen in the world.(3)All schools of Chinese Kung Fu masters hold it a top priority to cultivate moral characters, spirit and temperament, as well as develop good manners and conduct, through practicing martial arts.(4)Different with the aggressive and brutal western boxing based on the value of individualism, Chinese martial art is imbued with Chinese people’s unique perspective on fighting, profound culture and philosophy including Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism, thus forming a comprehensive and unique system.(5)Coming up to date, Chinese Kung Fu has become something of a necessity in movies and soap operas.Text BText Comprehensionplete the following paragraph according to the above text.The United Kingdom is notable for the diversity of its sporting interest. Sports play an important role in promoting integration and in nurturing talents in the country. The country has given birth to several major international sports such as football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, and track and field among others. Sport is a major source of entertainment in the UK with thousands of spectators filling stadiums and arenas to cheer on their favorite teams. Sports are also major sources of revenue in the UK for players, government, and investors.Cricket was first embedded in the UK before spreading to the rest of the Commonwealth C. The comparative slowness and quietness reflects British gentlemanly sportsmanship. Also, cricket is often believed to be associated with a set of English sportsmanship values such as “fair play”, “team spirit”and individual excellence. If any action in other spheres of life, whether in business, politics or everyday interaction does not meet these standards, particularly of honesty and fairness, it is described as “not cricket”.2.Read the text and Mark T for true statements, and F for false statements below.1.F2. T3. F4. T5. F6. T7. T8. T9.T 10. FTheme-related Exercises1.Read the following passage and fill in the gaps with words given in the box.Cricket fighting (斗蟋蟀)is a kind of sport involving the fighting of male crickets in China. Unlike most blood sports such as bullfighting and cockfighting, cricket fighting rarely causes injuries to the animals. To play the game, two crickets are matched up according to size, weight, and color. Both combatants are placed in a small fighting arena, with walls high and thick enough to prevent desertion. The cricket trainers stimulate their charges with a straw or a fine-haired brush, and then the insect warriors go at each other, antennae waving and jaws snapping.Cricket Culture in China encompasses a history of 2000 years. The two millennium of tradition may be divided into three eras. From times prior to the Tang dynasty (500 B.C. - 618 A.D.), people only appreciated the cricket’s powerful tunes. During the Tang dynasty (618 - 907A.D.), the imperial concubines used small gold cages to accommodate crickets and took them to bed to hear their singing during the night. In the Song dynasty (960 - 1279 A.D.), cricket fighting flourished as a popular sport. Such an activity was still flourishing during the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), when the Emperor’s family, city residents or village men and scholars, all collected crickets feverishly every summer. The tradition has ancient roots and has been handed down throughout the generations to the present day.For centuries, China has regarded a cricket chirping around the house as an auspicious symbol, a deluge of cricket means wealth will come to the family. Now, cricket fighting is mainly found in the large cities of Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. There are cricket fighting clubs and societies that cater to member’s interest at all levels of intensity. With the migration of Chinese to otherparts of the world, cricket fighting can be found in New York and Philadelphia.2.Translate the following paragraph into English with the words in the brackets.Traditional sports with distinct Chinese characteristics are very popular, including martial arts, taijiquan, qigong, Chinese chess and Go (or encirclement chess). Martial arts, combining exercise and self-defense, enjoy great popularity in China. Martial arts include bare-handed boxing as well as offence and defense with equipment, both of which has different schools. Taijiquan, or Chinese shadow boxing, is one of the internal styles of Chinese martial arts. It combines control of body, mind and breath. Qigong, a system of deep breathing exercises, is a unique Chinese way of keeping fit. It aims at enhancing health, promoting longevity, curing illnesses and improving physiological functions by concentrating the mind and regulating the breath.。
Unit 3 参考译文及答案
Unit ThreeSection AMy Father “Dr. Pat”参考译文我的父亲,“帕特医生”[1]在美国文学中,有关黑人中产阶级,尤其是南方黑人中产阶级的作品很少。
其实在我成长的过程中,这一阶层中出现过一些美国生活中最复杂和最具吸引力的人物。
[2]我深信,我的父亲就是其中之一。
他是位极有才华、思想开放的人物,16岁进了大学,18岁读医学院,一直到获得三个学位,才离开学校。
不过当我懂事时,他仅仅是位牙医(当时我们镇上已有一位黑人医生开业,事业很成功),兼任药剂师,配制一些奇特而有效的药水,最著名的是“帕特医生的小木屋咳嗽糖浆”。
这是一种棕黑色,有甜味,刺激性很强的药水,它保证能根除最顽固的伤风咳嗽,销售得很快。
[3]除了是一名医务人员,他还是一名出色的表演家。
每个星期日下午,他就把装满“小木屋咳嗽糖浆”的纸板箱子塞进家里的汽车,前往四、五个教堂。
在那些地方,他总会被请求“讲几句话”,于是开始恭维“姐妹们”的漂亮外貌及“兄弟们”有远见和卓识来选择如此有魅力的人间尤物。
当教徒们安静下来时,他的脸神严肃起来,以响亮的声音宣讲“黑人们应该永远互相帮助,这样我们才能都过得舒服。
”[4]教堂的主体是灰色的,位于棉花田边上,紧靠着萧瑟的坟地。
在父亲“演讲”时,一律身穿白制服的工作人员散发着红、禄色的传阅材料,上面印有他的照片,所获医学学位的一览表及一两条格言(“双鸟在林不如一鸟在手”)。
另一宣传材料是白色的,上面也有他的照片,还有一首诗歌“人人引吭高歌”,不过没提到它的作者是詹姆斯. 威尔顿.约翰逊。
[5]在他的“演讲”中,他背诵了自己的诗歌,也背了莎士比亚和弥尔顿的诗歌以强调黑人要互相爱护和支持,尤其是要爱护和支持自己的专业人员。
为了表明这一点他总是要我和哥哥站起来,提高嗓门,“这是我的两个男孩,一个将来要成为医生,另一个要当律师,但是我需要得到你们的帮助,这俩孩子是我的也是你们的,在上帝的帮助下,我们要很好地把他们抚养大。
人教版九年级Unit 3知识点总结
九年级Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 讲义一、词性转换Section A1. normally → (adj.) normal2. suggest → (n.) suggestion3. central → (n.) center4. east → (adj.) eastern Section B5. fascinating → (v.) fascinate6. inexpensive → (反义词.)expensive7. uncrowded → (反义词)crowded8. convenient → (n.)convenience9. politely → (adj.) polite10. direction → (v.) direct11. speaker→ (v.) speak12. impolite → (反义词) polite二、短语归纳1. on the right of在…的右边2. turn left 向左转3. between…and…在…和…中间4. go past = pass by路过,经过5. start with从…开始6. need to do 需要做…7. on the way to sp.在去某地的路上8. start doing 开始做…9. ask for information询问信息10. in a different way以不同的方式11. ask about 询问;打听12. tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事13. make requests 提出要求14. base on … 基于…15. depend on 依靠16. each other 互相17. spend time doing sth.花时间做某事18. lead in to 引入到19. communicate with与…沟通20. would like to do 想要做…21. know about 了解22. look forward to盼望;期待…23. wake up醒来三、句型集萃1. not…until…直到…才…2. Let’s do sth.! 咱们做某事吧!3. start doing sth. 开始做某事4. spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事5. thank sb. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而感谢某人6. would like to do sth. 想要做某事7. look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事四、重点句子1. get a dictionary 得到一本字典get短语归纳:get up 起床get over 克服;恢复get on/off上车/下车get along/ on with 与…相处get back 回来;取回get through打通电话,完成,通过get down记下,使沮丧get down to致力于,专心于get in收集,插(话)get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假get close to sth. 接近,几乎get into (trouble) 陷入麻烦【例题】1. buy a newspaper 买一份报纸buy 为非延续性动词,不能与how long及for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
unit 3 课文知识细解码
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[例 2] It was several hours before the traffic could get on the move.
过了好几个小时交通才恢复通畅。 [翻译] 有人说文明总是在进步。 It is said that civilization is always on the move.
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知识要点3 ban vt.明令禁止;取缔 n.禁令
(教材 P26)…and all new development is banned within
park boundaries. ……在公园范围内所有新的开发项目都被禁止。
[例1] Britain's health experts are pushing for a ban on all cigarette advertising.
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知识要点2.(使)徐徐移
动;给……加边 (教材 P26)I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. 我离开帐篷,走到山边。 [例 1] The climbers edged along the cliff. 攀登者沿着悬崖边侧身移动。
of life.
他去法国后, 很快就接受了法国的生活方式。
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[例 2] In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods. 我绝对不会采纳他的任何方法。 [翻译] 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
We all agree in adopting the new teaching method.
We cut the trees down to make the lake visible from the house.
高中英语必修三Unit3单词
高中英语必修三Unit3单词1. diverse adj.不同的:多种多样的diversity n.差异(性);不同(点);多祥性2. fortune n.机会:运气气fortune cookie幸运曲奇3.gumbo n.秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)4.nachos n. [pl.] 墨西哥玉片5. chip (英)炸土豆条:(美)炸薯片:芯片:碎片6.cheese n.干酪;奶酪7.spicy adj加有香料的:辛辣的8.ethnic adj.具有民族特色的:异国风味的:民族的:种族的9.admit vi.&vt 承认vt.准许进入(或加入)10.definitely adv.肯定;确实11.occur vi. 发生:出现12.downtown adv.在市中心:往市中心13.mission n.传教(区);重要任务;使命14.districtn.地区;区域15.graffiti n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画ic n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的17.afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv. 以后;后来18.head to .朝....前进;向.....去19.historical adj. (有关)历史的20.seek vt.& vi. (sought /s:t/,sought)寻找;寻求;争取: (向人)请求seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路;闯世界21.earn/3an/v.&vi.挣得;賺得;赢得;博得earn a living谋生22.immigrant n. (外来)移民:外侨23. select vt. 选择;挑选;选拔24. china n.瓷;瓷器25. jazz n.爵士乐26.bar n.酒吧;小吃店;小馆子27.diagram n.简图;图解;图表:28. journal n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物29. claim v.&.n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言30. series n.系列;连续;接连series of系列或一连串(事件)31.apart from ( especially NAmE aside from )除了....外(还) ;此外32.minority n.少数民族;少数派;少数人33. escape vi.& vt. 逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱34. bring about导致;引起35.Atlantic adj.大西洋的36.financial adj.财政的;财务的;金融的37. poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作38. jeans n.牛仔裤39. boot n.靴子40. mushroom n.蘑菇;蕈41. poisonous adj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的poison n.毒物;毒药;毒素 vt.毒死;毒害42. fold vt.包;裹;折叠vt.&vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平43. super adv.特别;格外 adj.顶好的;超级的44. collection n.作品集;收集物;收藏品44. accessory n.配饰;附件;配件45. souvenir n.纪念物;纪念品46. percentage n.百分率;百分比47. climate n.气候48. mild adj.温和的;和善的;轻微的49.settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)49. construction n.建筑;建造;建造物; (句子、短语等的)结构50. material n.材料;布料;素材 adj.物质的;实际的51. to name but a few仅举几例52. tai chi (also t'ai chi)n.太极拳52. clothing n.衣服;服装54. herbal adj.药草的;香草的55. suit vt. 适合;满....需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装56. [at) first hand第一手;亲自57. item n.项目; -件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)58. contain vt.包含;含有;容纳59. contain vt.包含;含有;容纳图60. neat adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的61. San Francisco 圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山) ( 美国城市)62. Napa Valley 纳帕谷(美国)62. the Golden Gate Bridge金门桥63. the Mission District教会区(旧金山)人64. Mexico 墨西哥(北美洲国家)65.California 加利福尼亚( 美国州名)65. Cantonese adj.广东的;粤语的n.粤语;广东人66. the Richmond District里士满区(旧金山)67. Huangguoshu Waterfall 黄果树瀑布68Journey to the West《西游记》69. Tin How Temple天后古庙70. Bank of Canton 广东银行71. Potsmouth Square花园角广场(旧金山)72. Robert Louis Stevenson罗伯特●路易斯.斯蒂文森 (英国作家)。
unit3单词
thank /θæŋk/ interj.&v. 感谢;谢谢 for /fɔ:(r)/ prep. 为了;给;对
thank you for… 为……而感谢
help /help/v.&n. 帮助;援助 welcome /′welkəm/ adj. 受欢迎的 You’re welcome 别客气
baseball 棒球 watch 表,手表 computer 计算机,电脑 game 游戏,运动,比赛 card 卡片 ID card 学生卡,身份证 notebook 笔记本 ring 戒指 bag 袋,包
Anna 安娜(女名) John 约翰(男名) David 戴维(男名)
pencil /′pensl/ n. 铅笔 book /buk/ n. 书 eraser /I′reizə(r)/ n. 橡皮 box /bɒks/ n. 箱;盒 pencil box 铅笔盒;文具盒 schoolbag /′sku:lbæg/ n. 书包 dictionary /′dIk∫ənrI/ n. 词典;字典 his /hIz/ pron. 他的 hers /hЗ: (r)z/ pron. 她的 mine /main/ pron. 我的
in 在……里 library 图书馆 ask 请求,要求,询问 ask…for… 请求,恳求(给予) find 找到,发现 some 一些 classroom 教室 e-mail 电子邮件 at 按照,根据,在(某处,某时间或时刻) call ( 给……)打电话 lost 遗失,丢失
must 必须 set 一套,一副,一组 a seห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ of 一套,一副,一组
excuse /Ik′skju:z/v. 原谅;宽恕 me /mi:/ pron. 我 excuse me 劳驾,请原谅 teacher /′ti:t∫ə/ n. 老师;教师 about /ə′baut/ prep. 关于 What about…?(询问消息或提出建议) ……怎么一样?……好吗? yours /jɔ:(r)z/ pron. 你的;你们的
Unit 3 练习讲解
③be/get tired out
④be/get exhausted
2.学会“总结”好处多
①in summary
②in short
③in brief
④in conclusion
⑤in a/one word ⑥to sum up
语境串记基点
语段复现重点
综合演 练题 点 课下三板块高考提能练
Unit 3 Science and nature 结 束
adj.(事物)令人害怕的
frightened →
adj.(人)感到害怕的
permit 26.permission n.准许,许可,批准→
vt.许可,准许 n.许
可证
语境串记基点
语段复现重点
综合演 练题 点 课下三板块 and nature 结
adoption 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)
intention 5.With the
of becoming famous and rich, many
intend ordinary people
to take part in some TV shows, such as
intended Sing!China, which is
to find good singers.(intend)
语境串记基点
语段复现重点
综合演 练题 点 课下三板块高考提能练
Unit 3 Science and nature 结 束
Judging 6.Your judgemisernigtht.
from his look, he must
judge be angry with us. But we can’t
人教版英语必修3-Unit3-第三单元-词汇讲解
4.on the contrary 正相反, 恰恰相反 (只作状语)
(be)contrary to 违反, 与……相反 to the contrary 相反的(地)(作定语和状语) the contrary 相反;反面;对立面
It wasn’t a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.
+可数名词复数
a large/ great/ good number of
quite a little a great/ good deal of a large/ small amount of +不可数名词单数
大量, 许多
a large quantity of large quantities of plenty of a lot of lots of
spot sb./sth.doing sth.发现某人/某物正在做某事 be spotted with sth.被…….弄污
off the spot 不准确, 离题 on the spot 当场, 立即 put sb. on the spot 使某人尴尬, 使某人为难
6.spot
It’s easy to spot a tall man in a crowd.
(3) 走神 My attention/mind wandered. n. 漫游, 闲逛 go for /take a wander 去溜达
4.permit /vt.&vi./ 允许, 准许 /n./许可证, 执照
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit sth./ doing sth. 允许某事/做某事 She won’t permit her dog to enter this yard. We don’t permit smoking in the office. permission/n./许可, 同意 ask sb. for permission =ask permission from sb. 请求某人许可 with/without (one’s) permission 得到/未经(某人的 )许可
新编英语教程unit3
knack[næk]巧妙的手法n.熟练技术, 诀窍, 巧妙的手法staggering['stag·ger·ing |难以相信的adj.摇晃欲倒的; 巨大的; 惊人的; 难以相信的stagger[stag·ger |晕倒症n.摇晃, 蹒跚; 交错安排; 晕倒症压倒v. 蹒跚而行; 畏缩; 犹豫, 动摇; 坚持进行;压倒plausible[plau·si·ble |貌似可信的 adj.貌似真实的, 貌似有理的; 花言巧语的; 貌似可信的ineffable[in·ef·fa·ble |说不出的adj.无法形容的, 不应说出的, 说不出的感到害怕be in awe of对 ... 望而生畏; 对 ... 感到害怕vestige[ves·tige |退化的器官n.遗迹, 残余, 痕迹; 退化的器官recalcitrant[re'cal·ci·trant |adj.反抗的, 顽强的, 反对的; 难驾驭[管不了]的顽强者;无法管教的人n. 反抗的人, 顽强者;无法管教的人surcease[sur·cease |停止v.使中止; 使停止; 中止; 停止完结n. 停止, 完结a house of cards 不牢靠的计划n. 纸牌做的房子, 不牢靠的计划elusive[e'lu·sive |易忘的adj.难懂的, 难捉摸的, 易忘的whimsical[whim·si·cal |反覆无常的adj.心情浮动的, 古怪的, 反覆无常的anecdote[an·ec·dote |秘史n.轶事, 趣闻; 秘闻, 秘史carte blanche[‚kɑːt'blɒ0303;ːnʃ]署名空白纸全权委托; 署名空白纸plead with make an appeal to 向…恳求恳求awry [a ·wry |adv.歪斜地;扭曲地[的] look ~ adj. 脱离(路线)地[的]; (行动等)错误地[的],不顺遂地[的] go/run/tread~ prodigy [prod ·i ·gy |n.惊人的事物, 神童, 不凡的人不凡的人 infant/child podigy 神童神童不可思议之物; 壮观,奇观奇观The podigies of nature 自然奇观自然奇观自然奇观 dullard ['dull ·ard |n.愚人; 笨蛋笨蛋 stationary [sta ·tion ·ar ·y |adj.不动的; 定居的; 不增减的; 常备军的常备军的 n. 固定物(驻军) abreast [a ·breast |adv.并肩地; 并排地并排地 be [keep] abreast of [with] 与…并驾齐驱地并驾齐驱地 be ~ of [with] the times = keep ~ of the times 与时代并进,不落伍不落伍 patent [pat ·ent |n.专利权, 专利品, 执照执照 v.取得...的专利权, 请准专利请准专利 adj.专利的, 新奇的, 显著的,明显的; 明白的明白的 fabulous ['fab ·u ·lous |adj.传说的, 难以置信的, 惊人的; 非常的,无根据的;寓言般的; 想像中的想像中的 offshoot n. 分支, 支流,支道,旁系支流,支道,旁系collaborate [col ·lab ·o ·rate |v. (两个以上的人)合作(with (with……on/in ); 通敌,勾结勾结prey [pre ɪ]n.被掠食者, 牺牲者牺牲者 v.捕食, 折磨, 掠夺;使 ... 苦恼苦恼 quaint [kwe ɪnt ]adj.古雅的, 奇怪的, 离奇有趣的离奇有趣的 twirl [tw ɜrl ]旋转的东西n.旋转; 捻弄; 转动; 旋转的东西旋转v.快速转动, 捻弄; 转动, 旋转inward[in·ward || 'ɪnwə(r)d]内脏n.内部, 里面; 肠胃; 内脏向内的adj.内心的, 本来的, 向内的在内adv.向内; 在内furrow[fur·row |皱纹n.犁沟; 皱纹犁出浪迹v.犁; 弄绉; 耕; 犁田; 形成车辙; 开沟; 犁出浪迹placid[plac·id |沉著的adj.平静的, 平稳的, 沉著的fathom[fæðəm|推测n.深度单位; 推测看穿v.测量深度; 彻底了解; 看穿haggard| 'hægə(r)d]野鹰n. 野鹰形容枯槁的adj.憔悴的, 野性的, 形容枯槁的grief[grɪːf]grief-lined 伤心事n.悲痛; 不幸; 伤心事grope[grəʊp]的身体v.触摸; 探索, 探求; 暗中摸; 摸索; 抚摸...的身体暗中摸索的groping adj. 摸索的; 暗中摸索的steer[stɪr /stɪəɪə]阉牛n.指点, 建议#小公牛; 食用牛; 阉牛行进 v.掌舵, 驾驶; 带领; 指导; 操纵; 被驾驶, 驾驶起来; 行驶, 行进duet| djuː'et]二重奏n.二重唱; 二重奏reveal| rɪ'vɪːl]显示v.露出, 透露, 显示agitate[ag·i·tate || 'ædʒɪt e teɪt]煽动v.使激动; 搅动; 使焦虑; 摇动; 鼓动; 煽动wiggle| 'wɪgl]摆动n.踌躇, 摆动pier[pɪr /pɪə]桥墩n.码头, 防波堤, 桥墩generate| 'dʒenəreɪt]形成v.产生, 导致, 发生; 衍生; 形成tumble[tum·ble || 'tʌmbl] ~ down暴跌n.跌跤; 倒塌; 坠落; 暴跌使滚翻v.翻倒, 倒塌, 摔倒; 使摔倒, 弄乱, 使滚翻ineloquent inˋєləkwənt]无口才的adj.不善言辞的, 无口才的turmoil[tur·moil || 'tɜrmɔɪl /'tɜːɜː-]混乱 in a ~ n.骚动, 混乱revolutionary[,rev·o'lu·tion·ar·y || ‚revə'luːʃnərɪ]改革者n.革命者, 改革者革命性的 radical adj.革命的, 革命性的quantum[quan·tum || 'kwɑntəm /'kwɒ-]n.分配量, 量, 额serenity[se·ren·i·ty || sə'renətɪ]沉着n.晴朗, 风和日丽; 尊贵的阁下; 平静, 沉着殿下your Serenity 殿下confiscate[con·fis·cate || 'kɒnfɪskeɪt]充公v.没收; 查抄; 充公heed[hɪːd]留心n.注意, 留心注意 ~ sth/ give (pay) ~ to/take (no) ~ of v.留心, 注意agony['ag·o·ny || 'ægən a naɪz]爆发n.极度痛苦; 临死的痛苦; 苦恼; 爆发苦闷的in ~ 痛苦的,苦闷的他垂死的挣扎final ~ 他垂死的挣扎大喜的n an ~ of joy 狂喜的,大喜的战争的惨烈the ~ of war 战争的惨烈scarf[skɑrf /skɑːf]n.围巾; 头巾; 披巾; 领巾#嵌接; 槽; 斜面, 截面, 切口切口 akin [a ·kin || ə'k ɪn ] (to )adj.血族的, 同种的, 同族的同族的 cosmic [cos ·mic || 'k ɒzm ɪk(l)]adj.宇宙的, 有秩序的, 宇宙论的;广大无边的; 秩序井然的; 和谐的和谐的 ceaseless ['cease ·less || 's ɪːɪːsl ɪs ]adj.不停的, 不断的不断的 nerve [n ɜrv /n ɜːv ]n.神经; 忧虑, 焦躁; 神经过敏; 勇敢, 胆量胆量 v.鼓起勇气鼓起勇气 nerves 神经过敏神经过敏(的状态) ,神经质; 胆怯; 焦虑焦虑 神经过敏症,歇斯底里症歇斯底里症[又作又作a ~] 厚脸皮,无耻,冒失冒失 What (a) ~!.厚脸皮厚脸皮! delusion [de ·lu ·sion || d ɪ'lu ːʒn ]n.迷惑, 错觉, 欺瞒欺瞒 grandeur [gran ·deur || 'grændʒə(r)]n.庄严; 伟大;崇高,庄严庄严 conceit [con ·ceit || k ən'si ːt ]n.自负, 狂妄, 空想空想 roll into v. 滚进, 卷成, 使合为一体使合为一体=mix thoroughly; mingle together搅匀;拌和搅匀;拌和conversationalist [,con ·ver'sa ·tion ·al ·ist || ‚k ɑnv ə(r)'se ɪʃn əl ɪst /k ɒn-]n.健谈者, 交谈者, 爱交谈的人, 口才好的人口才好的人 maddeningly ['mædnɪŋl ɪ]adv.令人发狂地; 狂暴地; 狂怒地狂怒地 mania [ma ·ni ·a || 'me ɪnj ə] n.狂躁, 狂热, 热衷热衷 trivial ['triv ·i ·al || 'tr ɪv ɪəl ]adj.琐细的, 微不足道的, 价值不高的价值不高的 harangue [ha ·rangue || h ə'ræŋ]热烈的演说n.高谈阔论, 热烈的演说滔滔不绝地演讲v.滔滔不绝地演讲volubility[vol·u·bil·i·ty || ‚vɑljə'bɪlətɪ/‚vɒljʊ'b-]口若悬河 with ~ n.健谈; 口若悬河stun[stʌn]使惊吓v.使晕倒, 打晕, 使惊吓打昏n.晕眩, 惊倒, 打昏pamphlet[pam·phlet || 'pæmflɪt]小册子,宣传小册n.小册子,宣传小册applause[ap·plause || ə'plɔːz]鼓掌欢迎n.欢呼; 鼓掌欢迎eminent[em·i·nent || 'emɪnənt]杰出的adj.显赫的; 有名的; 杰出的vocalist['vo·cal·ist || 'vəʊəʊkəlɪst]歌手n.声乐家, 歌手rave[reɪv]热烈赞美n.胡言乱语; 呼啸, 咆哮; 狂骂; 热烈赞美v.胡言乱语; 激烈地说; 狂骂; 狂热赞扬, 极力夸奖; 赞扬的adj.赞扬的stamp[stæmp]n.邮票; 印花; 图章, 印v.贴邮票于; 盖章于; 压印于; 捣碎跺脚; 拒绝, 毁掉, 扑灭; 踩; 捣碎callous[cal·lous || 'kæləs]无情的adj.麻木的, 坚硬的, 无情的变得冷酷无情v.使硬结, 使麻木; 变硬, 结茧; 变得冷酷无情grovel[grov·el || 'grɑvl ,'grʌvl /'grɒvl]匍匐v.趴; 卑躬屈膝; 匍匐recipient[re·cip·i·ent || rɪ'sɪpɪənt]间接宾语n.接受者; 接受器, 容器; 受领者; 间接宾语unscrupulous/ʌnˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs/不谨慎的adj.无道德的, 狂妄的, 不谨慎的infidelity[in·fi·del·i·ty || ‚ɪnfɪ'delətɪ]无信仰,不忠诚n.不信神, 背信, 无信仰,不忠诚mortal[mor·tal || 'mɔrtl /'mɔːtl]人类n.凡人; 人类人类的adj.不免一死的, 临终的, 人类的burlesque[bur·lesque || bɜː'lesk]滑稽戏n.作戏, 滑稽戏取笑v.模仿; 取笑libretto[li·bret·to || lɪ'bretəʊ]歌词n.歌词集, 歌词testimony['tes·ti·mo·ny || 'testɪməʊnɪ/-mənɪ]证据n.证言, 声明, 证据作证bear ~ to 为…作证stupendous[stu·pen·dous || stuː'pendəs /-tju-]巨大的adj.惊人的, 巨大的span[spæn]跨绳n.墩距; 一段时间; 跨度; 指距, 一叉宽#跨绳套上 v.横跨, 跨越; 在...上建拱门; 在...架桥; 以指距量; 套上caricature[car·i·ca·ture || 'kærɪkə‚tjʊə]漫画n.讽刺画; 讽刺描述法; 漫画画成漫画讽刺v.画成漫画讽刺atonement[a'tone·ment || -mənt]赔偿 make ~ for n.补偿, 赎罪, 赔偿trilogy[tril·o·gy || 'trɪlədʒɪ]三部曲n.三部剧, 三部曲downright/ˈdaʊn.raɪt/率直的adj.明白的, 显明的, 率直的dumb[dʌm]不说话的adj.哑的, 无声音的, 不说话的be dumb with…. claw[klɔː]n.爪, 抓伤, 钩用爪子抓 v.用爪子抓; 费力地夺回; 用爪子抓shriek[ʃrɪːk]尖声n.尖叫, 尖声喊叫, 尖声尖声发出 v.尖叫, 发出尖锐的声音; 尖声发出。
【7A文】大学英语三-Unit-3-Why-I-Teach课文及翻译
Unit3WhyITeachPeterG.Beidler Everyteacherprobablyaskshimselftimeandagain:Whatarethereasonsforchoo singteachingasacareer?Dotherewardsteachingoutweighthetryingcomments? Answeringthesequestionsisnotasimpletask.Let'sseewhattheauthorsays.Whydoyouteach?MyfriendaskedthequestionwhenItoldhimthatIdidn'twan ttobeconsideredforanadministrativeposition.HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantw hatwasobviouslya"stepup"towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhenthey growup:moneyandpower.CertainlyIdon'tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.Teachingisthemostdiffic ultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,write r.Forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.Red-eye, becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.Sweaty-pal m,becauseI'malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundo utforthefoolthatIam.Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterc onvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.NordoIteachbecauseIthinkIknowanswers,orbecauseIhaveknowledgeIfeelc ompelledtoshare.SometimesIamamazedthatmystudentsactuallytakenotesonw hatIsayinclass!Why,then,doIteach?IteachbecauseIlikethepaceoftheacademiccalendar.June,July,andAugustof feranopportunityforreflection,researchandwriting.Iteachbecauseteachingisaprofessionbuiltonchange.Whenthematerialisthe same,Ichange——and,moreimportant,mystudentschange.IteachbecauseIlikethefreedomtomakemyownmistakes,tolearnmyownless ons,tostimulatemyselfandmystudents.Asateacher,I'mmyownboss.IfIwantmyfr eshmentolearntowritebycreatingtheirownteGtbook,whoistosayIcan't?Suchcou rsesmaybehugefailures,butwecanalllearnfromfailures.IteachbecauseIliketoaskquestionsthatstudentsmuststruggletoanswer.The worldisfullofrightanswerstobadquestions.Whileteaching,Isometimesfindgood questions.IteachbecauseIenjoyfindingwaysofgettingmyselfandmystudentsoutoftheiv orytowerandintotherealworld.Ioncetaughtacoursecalled"Self-RelianceinaTech nologicalSociety."My15studentsreadEmerson,Thoreau,andHuGley.Theykeptdi aries.Theywrotetermpapers.Butwealsosetupacorporation,borrowedmoney,purchasedarun-downhouse andpracticedself-reliancebyrenovatingit.Attheendofthesemester,wewouldtheh ouse,repaidourloan,paidortaGes,anddistributedtheprofitsamongthegroup.Soteachinggivesmepace,andvariety,andchallenge,andtheopportunitytokee ponlearning.Ihaveleftout,however,themostimportantreasonswhyIteach.OneisVicky.Myfirstdoctoralstudent,Vickywasanenergeticstudentwholabor edatherdissertationonalittle-known14thcenturypoet.Shewrotearticlesandsentt hemofftolearnedjournals.Shediditallherself,withanoccasionalnudgefromme.B utIwastherewhenshefinishedherdissertation,learnedthatherarticleswereaccept ed,gotajobandwonafellowshiptoHarvardworkingonabookdevelopingideasshe' dfirsthadasmystudent.AnotherreasonisGeorge,whostartedasanengineeringstudent,thenswitched toEnglishbecausehedecidedhelikedpeoplebetterthanthings.ThereisJeanne,wholeftcollege,butwasbroughtbackbyherclassmatesbecaus etheywantedhertoseetheendoftheself-reliancehouseproject.Iwasherewhenshec ameback.Iwastherewhenshetoldmethatshelaterbecameinterestedintheurbanp oorandwentontobecomeacivilrightslawyer.ThereisJacqui,acleaningwomanwhoknowsmorebyintuitionthanmostofusl earnbyanalysis.Jacquihasdecidedtofinishhighschoolandgotocollege.ThesearetherealreasonsIteach,thesepeoplewhogrowandchangeinfrontofm e.Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybeginstobreathe.A"promotion"outofteachingwouldgivememoneyandpower.ButIhavemone y.IgetpaidtodowhatIenjoy:reading,talkingwithpeople,andaskingquestionlike," Whatisthepointofbeingrich?"AndIhavepower.Ihavethepowertonudge,tofansparks,tosuggestbooks,topoi ntoutapathway.Whatotherpowermatters?Butteachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower:itofferslove.Notonlyt heloveoflearningandofbooksandideas,butalsothelovethatateacherfeelsforthatr arestudentwhowalksintoateacher'slifeandbeginstobreathe.Perhapsloveisthewr ongword:magicmightbebetter.Iteachbecause,beingaroundpeoplewhoarebeginningtobreathe,Ioccasionall yfindmyselfcatchingmybreathwiththem.我为何教书你为什么教书呢?当我告诉我的朋友我不想做任何行政职务时,他向我提出了这个问题。
(完整版)英语必修三unit3知识点总结
Part 1. Warming up1.He was brought up in Hannibal,Missouri,along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河的密里州的尼拔大。
bring up养;培养;呕吐;教育;提出He left her to bring up the three young children on her own.(养) I shall bring up this question at the next meeting. (提出) He was so sick that he brought up everything.(呕吐 )In my day, children were brought up to respect the law. (教育 ) 拓展: bring about引起;致使;造成;达成 bring along/on 来bring back使起;;恢复bring down使减低;降低;挫 ( 傲气 ) bring forth生;出;生bring forward 提出;出示;显现bring out 揭示;示,解;出版 bring to (oneself) 使复 bring in引;引来;得巧学助:The plan he brought up has brought down the cost of production and brought in a lot of profit,which brought the company back to life.他提出的方案降低了成本,来了大量利,使公司恢复了活力。
①Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?你能造个句子来清楚个短的意思?②The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.的晴日气使庄稼更加强健成。
Unit 3 知识点与练习
Unit 3知识汇总一、短语1. our animal friends 我们的动物朋友2. an animal friend一个动物朋友3. one…the other…一个……另一个……4. big eyes 大眼睛5. a big body 一个大身体6. big bodies 大身体7. have no legs or arms 没有腿也没有手臂8. big tails 大尾巴9. four legs 四条腿10. a short tail 一条短尾巴11. big ears 大耳朵12. run and jump 又跑又跳13. red eyes 红眼睛14. long ears 长耳朵15. yellow and green黄绿相间16. two wings 两个翅膀17. a small mouth 一张小嘴18. a big mouth一张大嘴19. its body 它的身体20. a fish一条鱼21. three fish 三条鱼22. have a new friend 有一个新朋友23. don’t shout 不要叫喊24.draw and write 画和写25. eight legs 八条腿26. big arms大手臂27.an arm 一个手臂28. a foot 一只脚29. two feet 两只脚30. give it a cake 给它一块蛋糕31. give sth to sb.. 给某人某物32. give sb.(宾格) sth. 给某人某物33. a hard body一个坚硬的身体34. your fingers你的手指35. on the farm在农场上36. Liu Tao’s rabbit刘涛的兔子37.Su Hai’s parrot 苏海的鹦鹉38. a rubber duck一只橡皮鸭39. like the rain 喜欢雨40. like sunny weather喜欢晴朗的天气41. the summer weather 夏天的天气42. come out出来43. carry an umbrella 拿一把雨伞44.talk about animals谈论动物45. a panda 一个熊猫46. in China 在中国47. a bald eagle 一只秃头鹰48. in the US 在美国49. a polar bear 一只北极熊50. in Canada 在加拿大51. a kangaroo 一只袋鼠52. in Australia 在澳大利亚53. draw an animal 画一个动物二、词性1. our(主格)we2.our(宾格)us3.our(单数)my4.big(反义词)small5. no(反义词)yes6.long(反义词)short7.tall(反义词)short8. black(反义词)white9.fat(反义词)thin 10.no(同音词)know 11.eye(同音字母)I 12.body(复数)bodies 13.foot(复数)feet 14. fish (复数) fish 15.have(三单)has 16.do(三单)does 17.like(三单)likes e(三单) comes 19.carries(原形)carry 20.those(单数)that 21.hard(反义词)soft 22.it(形容词性物主代词)its 23. I (形容词性物主代词) my24.we(形容词性物主代词)our 25.don’t(完整形式) do not 26. doesn’t(完整形式)does not三、重点句子1. I have two animal friends. One is red and the other is black.我有两个动物朋友。
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对于一些生物科技公司,如;生产基地位于美国的蒙生特公司和位于瑞士的那瓦特斯公司,基因技术的兴起意味繁荣时期的到来。基因作物种子售出的总值从1995年的七百五十万增加到去年的十亿五千万,并且他们生产的作物不仅出现在直接生产的产品中,而且出现在从饼干、薯条到婴儿食品的加工食品中。
在海外,人们提出这样的问题已经有一段时间。最近几年,欧洲人对质量差的食物越来越紧张,并且事出有因。自从1996年爆发疯牛病,去年五月出现比利时受二恶英污染的鸡肉,以及后来法国和比荷卢经济联盟国家受污染的可口可乐罐的销毁,卫生官员对他们居民所吃的食物越来越谨慎挑剔。
但是一个国家暂时性的禁止,对另一个国家来说就是保护主义,美国对欧盟的行为表示怀疑。美国和欧盟之间的紧张关系最近加剧,这是因为欧盟决定继续禁止进口美国荷尔蒙饲养的牛肉,而美国则加收欧盟100%食物出口关税。在这样的激烈争吵中,对转基因食品的禁止让人感觉既是谨慎又是报复。并且,如果是如此担心转基因产品,那欧盟自己为什么也在种植呢?法国不仅自己生产转基因玉米,并且使用转基因玉米比其他任何一个欧洲国家都多。
横跨大西洋的食品之战在11月召开的世贸组织大会上也许将成为一个重要议题讨论,这对于像蒙生特这样的公司是个好消息。两年前,公司首席执行长官罗伯特·夏皮诺在生物科技上下了大赌注,他将公司的化工部独立出来专门 研究这新科学。该举措使蒙生特股一度在华尔街受宠,当然现在投资者对该股不再青睐。一年前,蒙生特股高居63点,而现在却陷在30大几。
如果说法国的抗议确实预示着全球性的麻烦,事情是不是应该如此,则完全不清楚。尽管转基因技术引起这些争论,事实是,一些生物科技公司已经成功地创造出一些奇异的植物。蒙生特公司生产了颇受大众欢迎的除草剂Roundup,他们的转基因作物的生产线也非常轰动 ,因为这种转基因作物对Roundup毒有免疫作用。这多亏了该公司的科学家, 他们从普通的喇叭花中提取一种基因,并将这种基因编织进他们的食用作物中。设计的其他转基因作物,含有来自普通细菌的DNA成分,使作物对吃树叶的昆虫有毒而对人类无害。
可以理解,这种经过强化的植物深受农民欢迎,因为对他们来说产量的些微增长就意味着利润的大幅增加。去年美国35%的大豆作物和42%的棉作物采用了转基因种子。蒙生特公司的女发言人凯伦·马歇尔说:“这确实有效,给种植者带来了巨大的利润。”
但是,如果没有效果会怎么样呢?几年前,一家公司开发了一种大豆,该品种大豆有巴西坚果中的一些基因成分,目的是增加大豆中的氨基苯甲酸含量。结果,这种大豆非常象坚果,不但大量产出氨基苯甲酸而且产出了引起坚果过敏者过敏的化学物质。这家公司很快就将产品停产。去年五月,康奈尔大学的一份调查报告显示, 含有杀虫功能的玉米花粉能杀死黑脉金斑蝶的幼虫,而任何人都不会把蝴蝶当成害虫。库钦尼治说:“当蝴蝶开始死亡时,我们就应该开始质疑了。”
食品大战
杰弗里·克卢杰
现在,基因改造作物越来越多的,而且成为了我们日常食品的一部分。食用这种食品安全吗?它们有什么副作用吗?公众开始怀疑甚至反对这些转基因食品。各国政府也为此争论不休。那么论战的结果是什么呢?反对者会如愿以偿吗?请看下面的文章。
麦当劳店的人并不指望在法国受到特别热烈的欢迎,但停车场的粪便肯定还是让他们大吃一惊。最近三个星期中,在几乎所有地方的麦当劳店,人们都能碰上成堆的新粪便和大量腐烂的水果和蔬菜。这些都是抗议的农场主倾倒在麦当劳门口的。
但是,许多人提出疑问:让容易犯错的人类摆弄其他物种的基因是否是个好主意。他们说,如果实验室里的科学实验做错了,那是一回事。但如果它最终出现在你的饭桌上,那又是另外一回事。到目前为止虽然还没有什么表明转基因植物对谁有什么害处,但不管怎么说,欧盟已停止进口一些转基因作物,并且从1997年就开始要求含有重组DNA的食物必须如实标注。许多华盛顿贸易观察家都看出 ,欧盟这一举动是日益强大的欧盟不再害怕美国经济威胁的又一次回击。也许是这样,但事实是美国国会今年晚些时候会制定他们自己的商标法案,而一些民间团体正在威胁要诉诸法律迫使制定这一法案。即使没有立法行为,舆论对转基因技术 也持更加怀疑的态度。俄亥俄州克利夫兰的丹尼丝·德莫克利特说,“法国的农民是对的,没有什么比食物跟人类的关系更密切。”他今年碰到了转基因食物这件事,正把它当成一件事业来做。
在华盛顿,很清楚制定商标的呼声还在继续。美国农业部长丹·哥力克曼承认,最终这些活动家们很有可能获胜。哥力克曼希望商标上写的内容不是去警告而是去告诉人们,基因技术生产出来的产品也同样可以起到降低胆固醇之类的作用。
到目前为止,转基因产品的反对者所能希望的,至多是让亲农业的国会通过一项议案,允许生物技术公司自己选择标注还是不注。在以需求为导向的市场中,他们如不标注,必须自己承担风险。在欧洲,那瓦特斯公司的分部哥布婴儿食品公司已屈服于反转基因产品的呼声,宣布它的产品不再含有转基因成分。那瓦特斯公司的发言人坚持说:“这个决定并不是出于安全问题,而是迎合我们的消费者的喜好。”最终还得由消费者说了算,这肯定不是最后一次。
华盛顿的情况可以使事情更加糟糕。由于法律制定者还没有处理商标的问题,民间组织希望起个带头作用。环保组织和犹太以及穆斯林组织已经参与进来,游说食品和药物管理局制定商标法案,并且在一些情况下还提出诉讼来迫使他们这么做。他们的立法请求从食品药物管理局的内部备忘录中寻求到支持,因为在备忘录里,管理局的科学家们对转基因产品也提出疑问。一位科学家提到转基因作物和传统作物有“重大不同”,虽然他强调不同并不意味危险。
全世界的人们都在密切关注他们所食用食品的基因构成,并且对他们所看到的一切变得越来越不安。在刚刚过去的十年中,科学家们改变了无数蔬菜和水果的基因,把这些日常食用的作物变成了超级作物,能够防霜冻,抗除草剂,甚至本身就能杀虫,因此转基因食物已越来越成为普遍现象。在总共测试的4500多种转基因植物中,至少40种通过了政府复审,包括13种谷类,11种西红柿和4种 大豆。
自从1990年,欧盟已经同意销售18种转基因产品(美国政府认为转基因成分只不过是添加剂,因此不需要食品和卫生部的同意。)今年,欧盟已禁止进口未经许可的转基因玉米。在美国,所有的转基因品种 和普通品种混在一起,因此该国所有出口的玉米都成了不合法的。德国环境部长于尔根·特里汀说:“只有在制定新法规后,我们才会让新品种进来。这是事实上的暂停审批禁令。”
麦当劳店的许多方面都让农场主们愤怒,如:它的雷同,它的毫无特色,以及它所代表的餐饮霸权。 然而,开始时,示威还很温和,抗议者餐馆,给顾客提供一种里面塞着奶酪或鹅肝的面包作为替代食物。但后来情况就非常糟糕了。抗议者发现越来越不喜欢这种典型的美国食物,特别是使麦当劳的牛肉,小面包和土豆成为现在这个样子的基因。