(高中英语2019版)一轮核心考点探究与练习 教材复习篇 Unit 2 Robots(含解析)新人教版选修7(含答案)

Unit 2 Robots
李仕才
【短文语法填空】
In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But there’s another classical dance form with a long history 1. has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance.
Classical Chinese dance is 2. incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most comprehensive dance systems 3. (know) to humankind.
4．recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese companies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5. they had just seen.
In 2006, however, the Shen Yun Performing Arts Company 6. (establish) in New York. Its mission was to promote 7. (tradition) culture, and this included 8. (present) classical Chinese dance in its purest form. Not quite a decade later, classical Chinese dance has become much 9. (well) recognised and is starting to influence western ballet.
Although they have significant differences, both ballet and classical Chinese dance have the ability to vividly tell 10. (story) and move us through beautiful art.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍中国古典舞在西方国家的发展历程。

1．which/that解析：考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，补充完整是：classical dance form has only recently burst onto the
world scene, 所以该定语从句的先行词是“classical dance form”，指物，且从句中缺主语。

故用which/that。

2．an解析：考查冠词。

结合句意可知，此处指中国古典舞是一种要求极高、精致且传神的舞种。

空格处表示“一种”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的读音以元音音素开头。

故用an。

3．known解析：考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，本句有谓语动词“is”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；因为动词know与它修饰的名词“systems”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。

故用known。

4．Until解析：考查连词。

根据语境可知，此处指直到最近，很少有外国人听说过中国的古典舞。

until意为“到……为止”，通常与完成时态搭配，until recently 意为“直到最近”，符合语境。

故用Until。

注意首字母大写。

5．what解析：考查名词性从句。

分析句子结构可知，“they had just seen”是“sure”之后的宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语。

故用what。

6．was established解析：考查动词的时态和语态。

动词establish与“the Shen Yun Performing Arts Company”之间是被动关系；又因为本文都使用了一般过去时，因此空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。

故用was established。

7．traditional解析：考查词性转换。

结合句意可知，此处指它的宗旨是推广传统文化。

此处应用形容词来修饰名词“culture”。

故用traditional。

8．presenting解析：考查非谓语动词。

include后要接动名词作宾语。

故用presenting。

9．better解析：考查副词的比较级。

根据语境可知，不到十年的时间，中国的古典舞已经被人们更好地认可并且影响到西方的芭蕾舞了。

此处much 修饰副词well的比较级。

故用better。

10．stories解析：考查名词复数。

story是可数名词，其前没有冠词修饰，故应用其复数形式。

故用stories。

desire n ．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要
(1)have a strong desire ⎩
⎨⎧
to do sth.迫切想要做某事for sth.急于想到某物 a desire that －clause[(should ＋)动词原形]渴望……
(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that －clause[(should ＋)动词原形]希望……
①(2016·江苏卷)He had a strong desire __to free__ (free) her family from trouble.
他强烈渴望使他的家庭摆脱困境。

②My daughter is now in Senior Three.She __desires__ (desire) that she should be admitted to a famous university.Besides ，she has a strong desire __for__ majoring in English in university.But I desire her __to study__ (study) medicine in the future.Under great pressure ，she desires __to have__ (have) a pleasant holiday in the coming golden week.
我的女儿现在上高三了。

她渴望被一所名牌大学录取。

而且，她非常想主修英语专业。

但我希望她以后学医。

在较大的压力下，她希望在未来的“黄金周”里度过一个快乐的假期。

③单句语法填空(2017·北京卷)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire __to secure__ (secure) success.
favour n ．喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠
vt.喜爱；偏袒(＝favor )
(1)ask sb.a favour ＝ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
do sb.a favour ＝do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
owe sb.a favour 欠……的人情
(2)do sth.as a favour 为了帮忙而做某事
(3)in favour of 同意；支持；优先选择
in one’s favour 有利于某人
①(教材原句)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.
为了帮忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，使她变得更加漂亮，使她的家变得高雅大方。

②When in trouble，you can ask a favour __of__ him.
遇到麻烦时，你可以请他帮忙。

③He spoke in a temperate manner，__not favoring__ (not favor) either side especially.
他说话态度中庸，并不特别偏袒任何一方。

accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
(1)accompany sb.＝keep pany 陪伴某人
accompany sb.to some place 陪伴/陪同某人到某地
accompany sb.at/on sth.用某物为某人伴奏
be accompanied by 由……伴奏/伴随
(2)companion n．同伴；伙伴
①(教材原句)As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her.
由于不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。

②My neighbor came __to accompany__ (accompany) me while my parents were out.
我邻居在我父母外出时过来陪我。

③Her father __accompanied__ (accompany) her __to__ the concert and when she sang，her father accompanied her __on__ the piano.Her song sounded wonderful __accompanied__ (accompany) by the music.
她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时，她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。

在音乐的伴奏下，她的歌声听起来优美极了。

declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
declare sth.宣布某事
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表示支持/反对
declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度
declare war on/against (对……)宣战
declare sth.open 宣布……开始
declare sth.closed 宣布……结束
①(教材原句)She cried out“Tony”and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day...
她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她……
②The judge declared him __to be__ (be) the winner of the competition.
裁判宣布他是比赛的获胜者。

③Nobody present declared __against__ the plan for next term.
在场的没有人声明反对下学期的计划。

④The newly－elected president declared __for__ their action，meaning that he __declared__ (declare) it to be legal；as a result，he must be responsible for his __declaration__ (declare)．
这位新当选的总统表示赞成他们的行为，这意味着他宣布这个行动是合法的，因此，他必须为他的声明负责。

envy vt.&n.忌妒；羡慕
(1)envy sb.(doing)sth.忌妒某人(做)某事
envy sb.for sth.因……而羡慕某人
(2)become/be the envy of...成为……忌妒(或羡慕)的对象
feel envy at...对……忌妒
out of envy 出于忌妒
with envy 羡慕地，忌妒地
(3)envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的
be envious of＝be jealous of 忌妒
①(教材原句)What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！
②Her many talents were the envy __of__ all her friends.
她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。

③He envied Rosalind __for__ her youth and strength.
他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和活力。

④Tom was __envious__ (envy) of his brother’s success in business.
＝Tom __envies__ (envy) his brother’s success in business.
＝Tom feels envy __at__ his brother’s success in business.
汤姆忌妒他哥哥事业上的成功。

【七选五】
When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat.
1．Sales of goods that keep you cool
Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.__1__ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular.
2．__2__
Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and
many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last year's outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast.
3．Energy bills
__3__ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.__4__ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and we're going to see more air pollution because of it，”says Angela Fritz.
4．Violence
Heat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through rrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“__5__ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，”he said.
A．Air pollution
B．Pest population
C．Rising heat is the expected response in any summer.
D．Heat does not directly lead to more violence in general.
E．More and more people are worried about their expenses.
F．As more energy is used，air quality problems may occur.
G．So it's not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves.
【解题导语】本文介绍了伴随高温天气会出现的一些事件。

1．G 空前一句提到购物中心是夏天人们外出经常去的地方之一，空后一句提到与制冷有关的商品，如空调、风扇等都很受欢迎，结合本段小标题可知，G项“因此一些(制冷商品的)销售量在酷暑期猛增就不足为奇了”与此处匹配。

2．B 根据空处所在位置可知，空处为本段小标题。

根据空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves ”可知，本段主要是说害虫的数量在酷暑期也会快速增长，故B 项与此处匹配。

3．E 根据段落小标题Energy bills 可知，本段和费用有关，空后又提到(电)风扇和空调的运行会使能源费用高于平均水平，故空处应讲人们对高温天气下使用这些电器的花费的担忧，所以E 项符合语境。

4．F 上文提到能源费用增加，下文提到由此会造成更多的空气污染。

由此可推知，F 项“随着更多的能源被消耗，空气质量问题可能会出现”与此处匹配。

5．D 根据空后一句可知，高温影响一种特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead ”可知，空处与下文呈转折关系，再结合上文的“Not necessarily ”可知，D 项“总的来说，高温不会直接导致更多的暴力”与此处匹配。

ring up 给……打电话
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫call sb.(up)
phone/telephone sb.give sb.a call/a ring/a phone call 打电话给某人
call/ring back 回电话
ring off/hang up 挂断电话
hold on 别挂断
①(教材原句)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her ，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.
当站柜台的售货员对她粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼说话。

②I have something important to say.Please hold __on__ for a
moment.
我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。

③I was about to answer the phone when it __was rung__ (ring) off last night.
昨天晚上我正要接电话，就在这时电话挂断了。

set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
lay aside 储蓄；把……放到一边
put aside 把……放在一旁；忽视；储存
move aside 把……移动一边
stand aside 让开；袖手旁观
step aside 让位；退位
leave aside 搁置一边
①She sets/puts/lays __aside__ a little money each week.
她每周都省出一点钱。

②Bill never __stands__ (stand) aside when there is something that wants doing.
有事要做的时候，比尔从不袖手旁观。

【短文改错】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

(2018·长春市质量检测一)
Dear Bill，
How time flies！I went back to school and begin my lesson last
month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination，that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed
plan.Besides，I will make fully use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or I will be grateful to you.
I'm looking forward to hear from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Bill，
How time flies！I went back to school and begin
began
my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance
Examination，that
which makes me worried.I failed ∧
to
pass the English test last
term because I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and
determine to give myself the
a second chance to pass them
it
.I will ask my
teachers and friends for advices
advice
on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make fully
full
use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or
and
I will be grateful to you.
I'm looking forward to hear
hearing
from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一处：begin改为began。

考查动词时态。

根据句中时间状语last month 可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。

第二处：that改为which。

考查定语从句。

此处是非限制性定语从句，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为整个句子，所以关系词应该用which。

第三处：fail后加to。

考查固定搭配。

fail to do sth.是固定用法，表示“未能做成某事”。

第四处：删除because后的of。

考查介词。

because of后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，文中其后跟的是从句，应用because来引导，故删除of。

第五处：the改为a。

考查冠词。

该处表示“再给自己一次机会”，a second chance表示“再一次机会”。

第六处：them改为it。

考查代词。

该处表示“通过英语考试”，应用it代指英语考试。

第七处：advices改为advice。

考查名词。

advice是不可数名词，故把advices改为advice。

第八处：fully改为full。

考查形容词。

该句中的名词use应用形容词修饰，所以把fully改为full。

make full use of“充分利用”。

第九处：or改为and。

考查并列连词。

此处表示“告诉我(你的建议)，我将不胜感激”。

“祈使句＋and＋句子”，and表示顺承关系；“祈使句＋or＋句子”，or表示“否则”。

第十处：hear改为hearing。

考查动名词。

look forward to短语中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

__It was then that__ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.
也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。

本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语“then”。

强调句的用法：
(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。

被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。

(2)强调句的疑问句形式。

强调句变为一般疑问句时，直接将is/was置于句首。

简略的答语为：“Yes，it is/was.”或“No，it isn’t/wasn’t.”
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问句＋is/was＋it＋that...。

(4)强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“It is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。

①It is only children __who__ make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。

②Was it yesterday __that__ you met your teacher in the street?
你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？
③__Who__ was it that told you such a thing?
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？
④单句语法填空(2017·天津卷)But it __wasn’t until__ I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.
【阅读理解】
Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we can't hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when we're at our best, and when we're at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.
But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then it's reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things —deaths, break­ups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.
I want to admit I'm a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.
See, my dog —and 24/7 companion —was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.
It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that there's certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.
In those days after my dog's death, I remember thinking, “I've got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. I've since realised that tears are for everybody; they're not gender­specific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。

后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方式。

【难句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句)
分析：该句为主从复合句。

该句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。

译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。

1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Crying is a raw human emotion.
B．Crying is an emotion beyond control.
C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness.
D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness.
答案与解析：A'考查段落大意。

通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。

结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。

2. What's the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?
A．They cry over different matters.
B．They cry at different times of life.
C．Women cry more often over deaths.
D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy.
答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。

由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。

3. What did the author think of his crying over his dog's death?
A．A sign of strength.
B．A sign of weakness.
C．Behavior of being womanish.
D．A way of reducing emotional stress.
答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。

根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。

4. What's the best title for the text?
A．Men, never cry like women
B．Men, it's OK to cry sometimes
C．Crying solves psychological problems
D．Crying explains differences between men and women
答案与解析：B'考查标题判断。

通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying
is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。