上海市上海理工大学附属中学2010-2011学年高二下学期期中考试语文试题(无答案).pdf
上海市理工大学附属中学—高二下学期期末试卷语文解析
上理工附中2011—2012学年高二下学期期末试卷（语文）命题：顾莹1.（2分）根据拼音正确填写词语①guān miǎn （）②lìn sè（）【答案】①guan mian 冠冕②lìn sè吝啬【解析】本题以填空的形式考查字形。
即要会读又要会写。
2.（2分）依次填入第④段中划线处的关联词语正确的一项是：（）A. 因为虽然但是所以B. 只却虽然但C. 只但是只要但D. 只有因为所以因此【答案】B【解析】本题考查虚词。
注意上下文的语意。
3.（2分）鲁迅先生为什么说“送出去”也不算坏事情？【答案】鲁迅先生是顺着对方的观点往下说，有意识地将敌论引入荒谬的境地。
【解析】本题考查鉴赏作品的写作手法，此处作者使用了归谬法。
4．（1分）选段中第③节在结构上的作用是什么？【答案】承上启下【解析】本题考查鉴赏作品的结构特点。
第三处承接上文的送去，开启下文的拿来。
5．（2分）第②段中“抛来”与“抛给”在实质上有什么主要区别？【答案】“抛来”一般不带有坏的动机和目的，“抛给”是有目的、有企图的【解析】本题考查词语。
两词语意相差在后面的一个字，给可后接宾语，有目的。
（二）阅读下文，完成6—11题（21分）亦短亦长多伦路⑴多伦路终于安静下来了。
当开发的热潮渐渐降温，繁华与喧闹逐步消退，多伦路又回复当初的宁静和闲散。
或许只有这个时候，承担着许多盛名的多伦路才能稍稍喘一口气。
那些历史的惊涛骇浪，自由进步灵魂的慷慨激昂，渐渐演化成为马路淡淡的背景。
⑺短短不过500米的多伦路上汇聚了荷兰、西班牙、法国新古典主义等不下十种风格的建筑。
如果要找一个可以代言多伦路的地标，我会选择建于上世纪20年代的鸿德堂。
只因为它中西合璧的建筑形式，在上海甚至在中国的教堂建筑史上都算一个异类。
教堂的设计打破了西方传统，屋顶采用中国的斗拱飞檐结构，外墙用青砖砌成，檐下彩绘，中国韵味浓郁。
里面那些昭示着历史的物件尽管蒙上了尘埃，却依旧典雅地显示着当年的风貌和雅致。
高中高二语文第二学期期初中中考试试卷习题及含答案
2011—— 2012 学年度第二学期期中考试高二年级语文试题一、代文(16 分 )下边的文字，达成1～ 4 。
中医什么要有科学依照？田松在我的大众境中，“科学的” 西，就是“正确的”、“高妙的”、“有效的”、“ 了的” 西。
照此理解，中医要有科学依照，就等于中医要有正确的、高妙的、有效的、了的依照。
中医有科学依照？提出种疑的原由不过是中医的理与来自西方的解剖学、生理学不可以接，比方中医的到现在找不到解剖学的依照，好多中的有效成分到现在写不出分子式，中理不可以用来自西方的理学予以解⋯⋯言下之意就是：中医没有西医的科学依照！可是，中医什么要有西医的科学依照呢？我在判断一个事物能否拥有合理性的候，什么必定要有“科学的依照”？科学依照能否是独一的依照？在科学依照以外，我能否有的“依照”？比方“ 的依照”或“ 史的依照”？人的生计，终究在多大程度上是依赖科学的？上，在我大部分的平时生活中，科学的重要性是很小的。
“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”不需要认识科学；你可否好自行，其实不取决于你能否学好了牛力学；中国工匠李春没有学科学，也能造出州。
我的生活起直接作用的是技，而技其实不需要有科学在先，完整能够依赖的累而不停展和完美。
人体是一个接受刺激反的生物体，一个正常的人在他的生程中，会逐得足的外界刺激作出适合反的能力。
一个人能否心意，我能一望而知或三思而知，不需要包含科学在内的任何理的依照，而科学在些上经常是无能力的。
最直接的判断依照是依照，而史依照能够看做是段的集体的依照。
毫无疑，个依照是与民族和地区文化亲密有关的。
比方刀耕火种，从最直的想象和缺省配置出，我得它会损坏境，是一种落伍的生方式。
这样，从段来看，刀耕火种的民族所生活的地方留下一片片荒山丘才。
但是上，人科学家看到的倒是“一面刀耕火种，一面青山常”。
也就是，“刀耕火种损坏境” 种法是没有“ 史依照”的。
中医也是。
在中文明的境以内考，中医无在理上是在践上都已了正确、高妙、有效、的。
上海市上海理工大学附属中学高二上学期期中考试语文试题.pdf
上理工附中2011学年第一学期高二语文期中测试 命题：殷锐 考试时间：120分钟 阅读下文，完成1——4题：10分 白莽作《孩儿塔》序 鲁迅 ①春天去了一大半了，还是冷；加上整天的下雨，淅淅沥沥，深夜独坐，听得令人有些凄凉，也因为午后得到一封远道寄来的信，要我给白莽的遗诗写一点序文之类；那信的开首说道：“我的亡友白莽，恐怕你是知道的罢。
……”——这就使我更加惆怅。
②说起白莽来，——不错，我知道的。
四年之前，我曾经写过一篇《为忘却的记念》，要将他们忘却。
他们就义了已经足有五个年头了，我的记忆上，早又蒙上许多新鲜的血迹；这一提，他的年青的相貌就又在我的眼前出现，像活着一样，热天穿着大棉袍，满脸油汗，笑笑的对我说道：“这是第三回了。
自己出来的。
前两回都是哥哥保出，他一保就要干涉我，这回我不去通知他了。
……”——我前一回的文章上是猜错的，这哥哥才是徐培根，航空署长，终于和他成了殊途同归的兄弟；他却叫徐白，较普通的笔名是殷夫。
③一个人如果还有友情，那么，收存亡友的遗文真如捏着一团火，常要觉得寝食不安，给它企图流布的。
这心情我很了然，也知道有做序文之类的义务。
我所惆怅的是我简直不懂诗，也没有诗人的朋友，偶尔一有，也终至于闹开，不过和白莽没有闹，也许是他死得太快了罢。
现在，对于他的诗，我一句也不说——因为我不能。
④这《孩儿塔》的出世并非要和现在一般的诗人争一日之长，是有别一种意义在。
这是东方的微光，是林中的响箭，是冬末的萌芽，是进军的第一步，是对于前驱者的爱的大纛，也是对于摧残者的憎的丰碑。
一切所谓圆熟简练，静穆幽远之作，都无须来作比方，因为这诗属于别一世界。
⑤那一世界里有许多许多人，白莽也是他们的亡友。
单是这一点，我想，就足够保证这本集子的存在了，又何需我的序文之类。
一九三六年三月十一夜，鲁迅记于上海之且介亭。
【注释】本篇最初发表于一九三六年四月《文学丛报》月刊第一期，发表时题为《白莽遗诗序》。
上海市高二下学期期中语文试卷(含有答案)
上海市高二下学期期中语文试卷（含有答案）学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________考号：___________一、混合默写1．按要求填空。
（1），邯郸为郡，惜其用武而不终也。
（《六国论》）（2）士不可以不弘毅，。
（《论语•泰伯》）（3）《短歌行》中，诗人想象贤才屈驾前来归附自己的诗句是“，”。
二、选择题组2．按要求选择。
(1)将下列编号的语句填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）文学具有感发人心、认识生活、针砭时弊的功能，也是文艺理论教科书解说文学社会作用时的老生常谈。
文学再造生活，______，______，______，______，更加激动人心，也更加意味深长。
而经过作家之笔重新勾勒、修正和再造的生活，可与客观外界生活对照媲美。
①但文学是对生活千淘万漉、千锤百炼②当然不可能穷尽生活中的所有③因而其所再造的生活比日常生活更加浓缩饱满④甚或只是无边无际生活的一鳞半爪和挂一漏万A．①②③④ B．②④①③ C．①③②④ D．②④③①(2)《红楼梦》下列回目中概括的情节均关联了两位人物，错误的一项是（）A．尴尬人难免尴尬事——贾琏与平儿B．不了情暂撮土为香——宝玉与金钏C．薄命女偏逢薄命郎——薛蟠与英莲D．金兰契互剖金兰语——宝钗与黛玉三、论述类文本阅读阅读下文，完成小题。
散文的“时态”周晓枫①每当我想起自己以前读到的古代文学里的散文、白话文运动时期的散文、现在报纸副刊登载的散文，总是给我留下一种混沌的整体印象：它们多数充满回忆的味道。
一次旅行、一场际遇、一位亲人、一只宠物……他们回到书桌在回想之中开始写作当然有着具体的情节、场景和片段，但写作者的视角，往往是从终点望向来路：读者清楚或隐约地知道，一切，属于过去完成时态。
②汉语和英语不一样，所谓过去时、正在进行时、将来时，对我们来说只是昨天、去年、此时此刻、三个月以后等等这样的时间副词标注，之后并无词形和句型的变化。
(上海)高二第二学期期中考试语文测试卷、答案、答题纸(4)
高二年级语文学科期中考试试题总分：120分时间：120分钟一、现代文阅读：(29分)㈠阅读下文，完成1至4题(16分)关汉卿（节选）语段一---------------叶和甫这-----------关汉卿我们写戏的离不开褒贬两个字。
拿前朝的人说，我们褒岳飞，贬秦桧。
看戏的人万一在什么时候激于义愤杀了像秦桧那样的人，能说是写戏的人教唆的吗？叶和甫汉卿，你这话何尝没有一些道理，可是于今正在风头上，皇上和大臣们怎么会听你的？再说，我今晚来看你，倒也不是为了跟你争辩《窦娥冤》的后果如何，（又低声）我是奉了忽辛大人的面谕来跟你商量一件大事的。
你的案情虽说是十分严重，可是只要你答应这件事，还是可以减等甚至释放你的。
关汉卿我跟忽辛没有什么好商量的！叶和甫别这么火气大，老朋友，这事你也吃不了什么亏。
反正王著已经死了，没有对证，只要你在大臣问你的时候，供出王著刺杀阿合马大人是想除掉捍卫大元朝的忠臣，联合各地金汉愚民图谋不轨。
只要你肯这样招供，不只你的案子可以减轻，忽辛大人为了酬劳你，还预备送你中统钞一百万。
这不少哇，老朋友。
关汉卿（怒火难遏）你还有什么说的？叶和甫没有别的了。
今晚就为的跟你谈这件大事来的。
关汉卿你过来我跟你商量商量。
叶和甫你答应了吗？（过去）关汉卿我答应了。
（他重重的一记耳光，竟把叶和甫打倒在地下）叶和甫汉卿，我好好跟你商量，你怎么动起粗来了？关汉卿狗东西，你是有眼无珠，认错了人了。
我关汉卿是有名的蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不扁、炒不爆，响铛铛的铜豌豆，你想替忽辛那赃官来收买我？我们中间竟然出了你这样无耻的禽兽，我恨不能吃你的肉！叶和甫（狰狞无耻的面目毕露）你不答应，好，那你等着死吧。
关汉卿死也不跟这无耻的禽兽说话了！狱官，让我回号子去。
狱吏那么，（对叶和甫）叶先生，您回去吧！〔叶和甫溜下。
狱卒再集合。
-------------------------语段二朱帘秀（变色，但力自镇定）不害怕。
关汉卿四姐，真是对不起，为了我的著作，竟然把你连累到这个地步。
上海市高二下学期语文期中综合测试试卷
上海市高二下学期语文期中综合测试试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共5题；共10分)1. （2分）下列词语中划线的字，每对读音都不相同的一组是（）A . 挽回/分娩悭吝/歼击着落/着迷B . 逸闻/卷帙攻讦/劫持鲜美/鲜有C . 心扉/绯闻吞噬/对峙慰藉/狼藉D . 邻居/怜悯戏谑/琐屑靡费/奢靡2. （2分）下列各组成语中，没有错误的一组是（）A . 归根结底旁征博引莫衷一是舐犊情深B . 察言观色胜卷在握美轮美奂醍醐灌顶C . 孺子可教随遇而安铩羽而归相形见拙D . 运筹帷幄励精图治咳不容缓沧海桑田3. （2分）依次在下列横线处填入词语，最恰当的一项是（）（1）现在能看到的《红楼梦》只有前80回是曹雪芹所做，后40回是高鹗续写，但有专家认为曹雪芹实际已经成稿，只不过后四十回遗失了，这从序言中十载，增删五次”可以看出。
（2）我们普通人和作家看到的世界是一样的，而作家却能够捕捉到那些触动人心的细节、场景，找到生活的闪光点、奇异处，从而产生创作灵感。
而我们普通人却对自己的生活习以为常，鲜有新奇感受。
因此可以说文学创作对于那些对生活的人是基本无缘的。
（3）我们有些人总是喜欢幻想，幻想不刻苦就能取得好成绩，但是，不努力就想获得成功，简直是。
A . 批阅视若罔闻不经之谈B . 批阅熟视无睹无稽之谈C . 披阅熟视无睹无稽之谈D . 披阅视若罔闻不经之谈4. （2分） (2017高二上·昆明期末) 下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A . 截至12月底，我院已经推出了40多次以声光电技术打造的主题鲜明的展览，是建院90年来展览次数最多的一年。
B . 书法是我国优秀的传统文化，近年来在教育部门大力扶持下，使得中小学书法教育蓬勃发展，学生水平大幅提高。
C . 我国传统的“二十四节气”被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，使得这一古老的文明再次吸引了世人的目光。
高二语文第二学期期中考试试卷及答案.doc
2011—— 2012 学年度第二学期期中考试高二年级语文试题一、现代文阅读(16 分 )阅读下面的文字，完成1～4 题。
中医为什么要有科学依据？田松在我们的大众语境中，“科学的”东西，就是“正确的”、“高明的”、“有效的”、“经过了证实的”东西。
照此理解，中医要有科学依据，就等于说中医要有正确的、高明的、有效的、经过了证实的依据。
中医有科学依据吗？提出这种疑问的理由无非是中医的理论与来自西方的解剖学、生理学不能对接，比如中医的经络至今找不到解剖学的依据，很多中药的有效成分至今写不出分子式，中药药理不能用来自西方的药理学予以解释言下之意就是：中医没有西医的科学依据！但是，中医为什么要有西医的科学依据呢？我们在判断一个事物是否具有合理性的时候，为什么一定要有“科学的依据”？科学依据是不是唯一的依据？在科学依据之外，我们是否还有别的“依据”？比如“经验的依据”或“历史的依据”？人们的生存，究竟在多大程度上是依靠科学的？实际上，在我们绝大多数的日常生活中，科学的重要性是很小的。
“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”不需要了解科学；你能否骑好自行车，并不取决于你是否学好了牛顿力学；中国工匠李春没有学过科学，也能造出赵州桥。
对我们的生活起直接作用的是技术，而技术并不需要有科学在先，完全可以凭借经验的累积而不断发展和完善。
人体是一个接受刺激反应的生物体，一个正常的人在他的生长过程中，会逐渐获得足够的对外界刺激作出恰当反应的能力。
一个人是否心怀恶意，我们能够一望而知或三思而知，不需要包括科学在内的任何理论的依据，而科学在这些问题上常常是无能为力的。
最直接的判断依据是经验依据，而历史依据则可以看做是长时段的集体的经验依据。
毫无疑问，这个依据是与民族传统和地域文化密切相关的。
比如刀耕火种，从最直观的想象和缺省配置出发，我们觉得它会破坏环境，是一种落后的生产方式。
如此，从长时段来看，刀耕火种的民族所生活过的地方应该留下一片片荒山秃丘才对。
上海市上海理工大学附属中学2012-2013学年高二下学期期末考试语文试题
命题：顾莹 一．阅读（60分） （一）阅读下文，完成1-5题。
(13分) 鲁迅：反抗者的精神文本 林贤治 ①鲁迅自己说过，他的文字有两类，一类是为别人乃至为敌人的，一类是为自己的。
依照这种说法，小说当介于两者之间，既有明确表达问题意识和社会责任的方面，也有抒写个人情愫的方面。
说到小说创作，他说：“我仍抱着十多年前的‘启蒙主义’，以为必须是‘为人生’，而且是要改良这人生。
”正是人生，把别人和自己统一到他的小说里来了。
②因为志在启蒙，作为小说家，鲁迅一开始就教他的读者把世界当作问题来理解，也就是说他必须把一个充满疑问的现实世界揭示出来。
这是一个吃人的世界：吃与被吃，各种各样的吃。
鲁迅把世界截然分为上下两大层面，在小说中，虽然也着意暴露上流社会的堕落，却更多地倾注了内心的悲悯，描述底层的不幸、那许许多多人们的被吃的情形，有学者统计说，《呐喊》、《 》计二十五个短篇中，便有十三篇描写了二十四个人的“狂”与“死”。
死亡家庭成员有四种人：革命者或先觉者，知识分子，普通人，还有儿童。
统括起来，都是社会的无权者和弱势者。
夏济安对鲁迅小说里的黑暗面有特别深的认识，他指出：“鲁迅是一个善于描写死的丑恶的能手，不仅散文诗，小说也如此，他的小说中很多生动的形象都有着那样一种苍白的色调、呆滞的目光、缓慢而静悄悄的动作，以致在死亡完全抓攫他们以前，他们就已经有点像死尸了。
丧仪、坟墓、死刑，特别是杀头，还有病痛，这些题目都吸引着他的创造性的想象，在他的作品中反复出现，多种形式的死亡的阴影爬满了他的著作。
”一个恐怖的、悲惨的、荒谬的世界何以能够长存？对于有着五千年文明史的中国国民来说，这是一个问题，对此，鲁迅的小说并没有给出答案，其实当时作者本人未必便有答案，惟是留下艰难摸索的印迹，作为暗示读者的记号而已。
③我们看到，鲁迅的每一篇小说都有若干个线头，可以由读者把它们同其余各篇的线头任意接续到一起。
于是，诸如生存权利、权力资源、权威关系、集体行为、规范与行动、个人选择与社会选择、同一性与异化等等，都落入到一张无限展开的闪烁不定的罗网里，无论从哪一个端点出发，都会找到最深远的根据；也无论沿着哪一条线路追索，同样会发现为周围的异已力量所牵掣的个体。
上海理工大学附属中学高二语文下学期期末考试试题(无答案)
上海理工大学附属中学高二语文下学期期末考试试题（无答案）上海理工大学附属中学高二语文下学期期末考试试题(无答案）一．阅读〔60分〕〔一〕阅读下文，完成1-6题.〔15分〕地图中的文化与历史①我们现在处在一个网络下载非常方便和普及的时代，因此有人担心实体书会逐渐退出历史舞台，也有人预言CD这种载体会彻底消失。
事实上，人们最应该担心的恐怕是传统的地图。
如今，30岁以下的年轻人出国度假时，已经不会再带着纸质地图用以认路了，他们只要掏出iPhone轻轻点几下,就可以获得任何信息。
习惯于只携带移动出行的年轻旅行者正在使传统的地图变得英雄无用武之地。
②我们现在认为，严格意义上的地图应该仅仅是对某一片特定区域的客观科学的记录,它必须严谨如卫星所拍摄到的照片一样。
而过去，地图被认为是一种复杂的手工绘制作品,且有着各种不同的主观色彩，因为对于同一个地方而言,不同的地图表现出来的内容会千差万别.如今，人们加诸地图的主观性正在逐渐消失,人类随之失去的,也是地图蕴含着的重要的文化和历史信息.③我们究竟失去了什么呢?这就是伦敦大学玛丽女王学院教授杰里•布洛顿在新书《12幅地图中的世界历史》中讨论的问题.作者深入调查了上至古希腊天文学家、地理学家托勒密的地图绘制研究，下到如今风靡的Google地图，并在书中分析了人类历史上那些最伟大的地图绘制工程是如何影响特定的文化和政治环境的。
布洛顿的书中包含了12幅人文价值厚重的地图,其中尤其重要的是世界地图.他认为,地图绘制的历史甚至比人类技术进步的历史更长。
13世纪末以来，人类普遍接触过一个地理知识方面的说法,即耶稣的受难地耶路撒冷是地球所处的中心位置。
当然，这是由神学指定的,并不是一个科学研究的定论。
随着科学技术的发展,人们经过很长时间才慢慢接受了经过科学研究才确认的地理学方面的各种知识。
④1973年，德国历史学家阿诺•彼得斯绘制了著名的彼得斯地图，他强烈地反对地理学家墨卡托将欧洲作为地图中心的传统的地图绘制方式。
【语文】上海市上海理工大学附属中学2012-2013学年高一下学期期中考试题
I 阅读(60分)一．阅读下文，完成1——5题（14分）(1)我常坐老王的三轮。
他蹬，我坐，一路上我们说着闲话。
(2)据老王自己讲：北京解放后，登三轮的都组织起来；那时候他“脑袋慢”，“没绕过来”，“晚了一步”，就“进不去了”。
他感叹自己“人老了，没用了”。
老王常有失群落伍的惶恐,因为他是单干户。
他靠着活命的只是一辆破旧的三轮车；有个哥哥死了，有两个侄儿“没出息”，此外就没什么亲人。
(3)老王不仅老，他只有一只眼，另一只是“田螺眼”，瞎的。
乘客不愿坐他的车，怕他看不清，撞了什么。
有人说，这老光棍大约年轻时候不老实，害了什么恶病，瞎掉一只眼。
他那只好眼也有病，天黑了就看不见。
有一次，他撞在电杆上，撞得半面肿胀，又青又紫。
那时候我们在干校，我女儿说他是夜盲症，给他吃了大瓶的鱼肝油，晚上就看得见了。
他也许是从小营养不良而瞎了一眼，也许是得了恶病，反正同是不幸．．该是更深的不幸。
．．，而后者。
(4)有一天，我在家听到打门，开门看见老王直僵僵地（）xiāng qiàn在门框里。
往常他坐在蹬三轮的座上，或抱着冰伛着身子进我家来，不显得那么高。
也许他平时不那么瘦，也不那么直僵僵的。
他面色死灰，两只眼上都结着一层翳，分不清哪一只瞎、哪一只不瞎。
说得可笑些，他简直像棺材里倒出来的，就像我想像里的僵尸，窟窿上绷着一层枯黄的干皮，打上一棍就会散成一堆白骨。
我吃惊地说：“啊呀，老王，你好些了吗?”(5)他“唔”了一声，直着脚往里走，对我伸出两手。
他一手提着个瓶子，一手提着一包东西。
(6)我忙去接。
瓶子里是香油，包裹里是鸡蛋。
我记不清是十个还是二十个，因为在我记忆里多得数不完。
我也记不起他是怎么说的，反正意思很明白，那是他送我们的。
(7)我强笑说：“老王，这么新鲜的大鸡蛋，都给我们吃?”(8)他只说：“我不吃。
”(9)我谢了他的好香油，谢了他的大鸡蛋，然后转身进屋去。
他赶忙止住我说：“我不是要钱。
”(10)我也赶忙解释：“我知道，我知道——不过你既然自己来了就免得托人捎了。
上海市上海理工大学附属中学2010-2011学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
上海市上海理工大学附属中学2010-2011学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题I.Listening comprehension （20）Section A Short conversations (10)Directions: In part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what has been said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She refuses to go to dinner. B. She agrees to go to dinnerC. She is regretful.D. She is surprised.2. A. She thinks he talks too much. B. She thinks he is simple-minded.C. She thinks he is always very frank. B. She thinks he doesn’t like speaking.3. A. Jim asked others to paint the house. B. Jim’s house was not painted because he was busy.C. Jim’s house was painted by himself.D. Jim’s house has already been painted.4. A. She has spare pencils and paper for him. B. They will buy some pencils and paper.C. She can’t help him with these things.D. She has taken motes for both of them.5. A. To class. B. To the movies.C. To the library.D. To the teacher’s office.6. A. He lost a button at work.B. He doesn’t know where he put the calculator.C. He thinks he broke something the woman lent him.D. He is not sure how to solve a math problem.7. A. Tow blocks. B. Three blocks C. Four blocks D. Five blocks.8. A. She is confident of passing the test.B. She is not really ready but she will pass the test.C. She is not really a good student but she will pass the test.D. She is ready for the test and will make good grades.9. A. He wanted Mary to come, but she couldn’t.B. He invited Mary to the party.C. He didn’t invite Mary to the party.D. He didn’t want to have a party right now.10. A. Because the woman forgot to turn up the air conditioner.B. Because the woman forgot to turn on the air conditioner.C. Because the air conditioner was out of order.D. Because the woman tried hard to save electricity.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Computers are very useful to everyone.B. Computers contain no information about citizens.C. Computers can be used by doctors.D. Computers help firemen in many ways.12. A. Because they live at 350,000 different addresses.B. Because doctors can treat injured firefighters quickly.C. Because they need medical examination.D. Because they can be removed from burning buildings.13. A. By helping them prepare for possible dangers.B. By answering calls for them.C. By sending information to City Hall.D. By putting out fires for them.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take a walk alone. B. To climb mountains with his family.C. To walk in the morning.D. To walk five kilometers a day.15. A. The author’s father. B. The auth or himself.C. The author’s mother.D. All the author’s family.16. A. Feeling tired of swimming. B. Having enough of the sun.C. Being bored by doing nothing.D. Hating to see the sea and the sand.Section C Longer Conversations (4)Directions: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fulfill the task by filling the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.II.Grammar and Vocabulary （30）Section A Grammar (21)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. ______ the students suggested was ______ more free time to arrange their studies.A. That; that they must be givenB. What; that they be givenC. Whether; that they should be givenD. How; what they should be given22. With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. to be bought23. ________ his capability in dealing with kinds of people, he was appointed chairman of the committee.A. To be consideredB. ConsideringC. Being consideredD. Having considered24. When he saw all his papers ______ here and there on the floor, he knew that something terrible ______.A. lying; must have happenedB. lay; might have happenedC. lie; must happenD. had lain; could have happened25. So badly _____ in the accident that he was forced to stayin hospital for several weeks andstopped all kinds of physical exercise.A. did he injureB. he did injureC. were he injuredD. was he injured26. -- I didn't see her yesterday. -- Oh, but you .A. must haveB. ought toC. should haveD. cannot have27. ______, the young man didn’t dare to walk alone at night.A. As he was braveB. As brave he wasC. Brave as he wasD. Brave as was he28. Jack ______ be a fashion model, for he’s ______ short.A. can’t; too muchB. must n’t; too muchC. can’t; much tooD. mustn’t; much too29. No sooner ________ the top of the hill ________we all sat down to rest.A. had we reached…. whenB. reached we….thanC. had we reached…. thanD. had we reached …. then30. Tom seems not to have grasped ______ the teacher meant, ______ greatly upsets his classmates..A. that/whichB. what/whichC. which/whichD. that/that31. There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, ______ at the same time there areshortages of teachers in small towns．A．or B．so C．while D．for32. Actually, girls can be _____ they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, a nurse, or ageneral manager.A. whoB. whichC. whateverD. no mater what33.--- Here _____. Where is Tim?--- There ______.A. comes the taxi/is heB. comes the taxi/he isC. the taxi comes/is heD. the taxi comes/he is34. ---_____ David be doing his homework now?--- He ______ be, but I am not sure.A. Can/can’tB. May/mustn’tC. Can/may notD. Must/needn’t35. Although I didn’t see him, I found the book _____ he left it.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which36. Only when he was busy with his work ______ see his parents.A. he didn’tB. did not heC. will he notD. did he not37. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. GivingC. Having givenD. To give38. It was really a boring Sunday, for I had nothing to do but ______ TV at home.A. watchingB. to watchC. watchedD. watch39. ____ you speak slowly or rapidly, the real point is to pronounce every word clearly.A. No matter howB. In spite ofC. WhetherD. Even if40. You could get into a situation ______ you have to make a decision immediately.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. as41. It was ______ that won him a great many awards and honors.A. because of his amazing achievementB. his amazing achievementC. because he made amazing achievementD. he made amazing achievementSection B Vocabulary (9)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can onlyhad grown up apart) were tested for a wide range of personality traits (特征)．In terms of happiness－42 as the ability to enjoy life－twins who are separated soon after birth were much less alike than twins raised together．But when it comes to unhappiness, the twins raised apart－some without contact for as long as 64 years－were as 43 as those who had grown up together.Why is unhappiness less influenced by 44 ? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up 45 better than when we are feeling sad．This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that．Unhappiness may be related to genes, but this inherited trait can be influenced by 46 choice．You can increase your happiness through your own actions.In a whole 47 of experiments by psychologists John Reich and Alex Zautra at Arizona State University, they asked students to select their favorite activities from a list of everyday pleasures －things like going to a movie, talking with friends and playing cards.Then the researchers 48 some of the students in the experiment to increase the number of favorite activities the participated in for one month (the participants in the study 49 as controls (对照组) and did not vary their activity level)．Result: Those who did more of the things they enjoyed were happier than those who didn’t．The conclusion, then, is that the pleasure we get from life is 50 ours to control.III.Reading Comprehension （30）Section A Cloze (15)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit the context.Is there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you? That 51 in large measure on who you are.If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history, 52 , you’ll be glad to know that in a recent survey by Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York State, a majority of CEOs said that the liberal arts (文科) are essential for 53 critical thinking and problem-solving skills．If you thought college was for acquiring specific work skills, only 37 percent of the CEOs in the survey agree with you.If you plan to start your career as a secretary, be aware that this job is undergoing tremendous 54 ．In offices where secretaries have not been eliminated, the 55 role of a clerk is now unrecognizable．Most bosses 56 their own mails and meetings and travel plans, thanks to e-mail and the Internet, so secretaries are 57 taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems．Those willing to expand their 58 should do well.If you are a woman interested in law enforcement (执法), note that some states and cities are working hard to reach 59 standards for female applicants．Although most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some even 60 to employ woman, among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago.Degrees in sports management are also 61 ．Two hundred U.S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1985, now 62 undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs．At some schools you can also combine an MBA in sports management with a law degree.63 , if you’ve set your sights on a traditional MBA, take heart．MBA recruitment (招聘) is way up, and salaries are 64 ．But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for．A recent study of nearly 1,800 MBA students in the United States and Canada found that 68 percent 65 the statement, “My family will always be more important than my career.”51．A．concentrates B．depends C．takes D．passes52．A．by comparison B．as a result C．for instance D．in return 53．A．developing B．discouraging C．confirming D．appreciating 54．A．troubles B．pains C．tests D．changes 55．A．active B．small C．useful D．traditional 56．A．await B．handle C．transfer D．classify 57．A．increasingly B．unwillingly C．diligently D．intentionally 58．A．horizons B．activities C．organizations D．operations 59．A．medium B．high C．fair D．legal60．A. reject B．agree C．hesitate D．plan61．A．on display B．at an end C．at rest D．on the rise 62．A．cancel B．offer C．register D．drop63．A．Contrarily B．Consequently C．Finally D．Strictly 64．A．competitive B．moderate C．fixed D．regular 65．A．give out B．agree with C．wonder about D．focus onSection B Reading (15)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)66．This passage is most probably ______.A．an advertisement for enrolling new employeesB．a school report at the end of an academic yearC．a self-introduction meant to apply for a jobD．a part of a recommendation letter from a university67．According to the “Experience” section, we can infer that Donald Sloan can be _____.A．a wise leader B．a skillful performerC．a gifted scientist D．a good social worker68．From the passage we can learn that Donald Sloan ______.A．is good at singing and dancing B．is about to graduate from a universityC．has an interest in being a surgeon D．specializes in psychology(B)The Channel is the name given to the stretch of water which separates England and France. Ferries operate all year round to carry people across the Channel, and they are busy most of theyear. January is the only quiet month nowadays. As well as summer holiday-makers, there are day trippers and coach traffic, not to mention lorries and other commercial vehicles. Some ferries carry cars and their passengers, while others also connect train passengers with the Continental rail network.The biggest hazard for the ferry is the wind. The crew listens to BBC weather reports four times a day. Or they sometimes get gale warnings from local radio station.Crossing the Channel by ferry is a bit like trying to cross Oxford Street on a busy afternoon, according to one ferryboat captain. The ferries from Folkstone and Dover to Calais and Boulogne have to cross the main flow of traffic. This consists of ships traveling through the Channel to and from Northern Europe. There may be four hundred ships making the journey at any one time, and they all pass through a “choke point” which is only fifteen miles (twenty-five kilometers) wide. The cross-channel ferries have to sail right through the middle of all this traffic.69. The passage is mainly concerned with _____.A. the English ChannelB. the weather on the ChannelC. cross-channel ferriesD. what crossing the Channel by ferry is like70. The word hazard is closest in meaning to ________.A. troubleB. dangerC. enemyD. problem71. We can infer from the passage that _______.A. if there is a gale warning from the BBC, the ferries will stopoperating.B. the traffic on the Channel is very busy only in winterC. ferries are busiest in the afternoonD. the crew of the ferry listens to the weather reports four times a day72. Where does this passage most probably appear?A. In a dictionary.B. In a novel.C. In a transportation magazine.D. In a geography textbook.(C)Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers aredeveloping a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something v ery dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sourceshave already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶体结构) of the solid semiconduc tor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the batter y’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.73. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A. He teaches chemistry at MU.B. He developed a chemical battery.C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.74. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.D. to introduce various energy sources.75. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.A. uses a solid semiconductorB. will soon replace the present ones.C. could be extremely thinD. has passed the final test.76. The text is most probably a ________.A. science news reportB. book reviewC. newspaper adD. science fiction story（D）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 10 words for each question.Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before．But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing: they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure．That’s why a new study of French workers is welcome news.Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue (疲劳) in people after they gottired while they were still employed.The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company for 14 years．They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement．The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physicaland mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work．The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions (养老金) that French workers enjoy．Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries.“The economic or financial situation in retirement i s very important,” Westerlund says．“We don’t know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement．But no matter the reason, if life in retirem ent is not comfortable, then we won’t see the improvements we did.”However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees’ health after they leave their jobs－with less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work．(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.) 77．According to some recent studies, retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases like __________.78．Westerlund’s group found that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired both __________.79．What does the word “improvements” in paragraph 5 refer to?80．Retirement may make people happier with __________.第II卷I．Translation (5*3)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the given words.1. 自从她当了医生后，她把所有时间和精力都放到了治疗病人上。
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课题： 12.3 机械效率 导学案
学习目标
1.理解什么是有用功、额外功和总功.
2.理解什么是机械效率.
3.会计算简单机械的机械效率.
自学指导1
生活中的有哪些地方会有效率的说法？
学习中，如果你总共花了10小时，其中6小时是在学习，而4小时在干其他的事，你总共的时间是
起作用的时间是 ，浪费的时间是 ，你的学习效率应该是
3、如果有另一同学总共花了5小时，其中4小小时是在学习，而1小时在干其他的事，他与你的学习效率相比，是谁的高一些。
你是如何比较的？
自学指导2 使用动滑轮是否省功
探究演示P85
直接用手将两个钩码提升20 cm,所做的功如何测量？
2、使用动滑轮提升两个钩码提升20cm ，所做的功如何测量？
3、根据测量数据，计算一下，哪次做的功多，这说明了什么？
自学指导3 机械效率
1、阅读课本P87上半部分的内容,理解什么是有用功、额外功、总功.
._____________________________________叫有用功;
_____________________________________叫额外功;
_____________________________________叫总功.
2、阅读课本P86下半部分的内容,理解什么是机械效率.
______________________________叫机械效率.用_______表示总功,_______表示有用功,________表示机械效率. 计算机械效率的表达式是:__________________
2.起重机的机械效率一般为_____________,滑轮组的机械效率一般为______________,抽水机的机械效率一般为
_______________.
3.提高机械效率的办法主要有哪些?
4.思考:为什么使用任何机械的机械效率总是小于1?
典型例题
一台起重机把质量为0.7t的重物匀速提升了4m,而它的电动机所做的功是3.5×104J,则起重机所做的额外功是多少?起重机的机械效率是多少?
课后巩固
一台起重机将重3600N的货物提高4m,如果额外功是9600J,起重机做的有用功是多少?总功是多少?机械效率是多少?(要求有必要的文字说明)
课题： 12.3 机械效率 导学案
学习目标：
知道实验原理
会设计实验
能熟练的操作实验
4、知道提高机械效率的方法
重点，难点:
重点：数据处理
难点：实验数据处理
预习探究:
阅读课本、查阅资料思考以下问题：
怎样用弹簧测力计测量拉力和滑轮对钩码的力？
怎样测量绳子自由端被提升的距离S和重物上升的高度？
在提升钩码的过程中，要注意些什么？
实验原理:
= = 。
3、会计算：我们用如图所示的滑轮组测量滑轮组的机械效率。
1）实验数据如下表，完成表格中的数据
试验次数物重（N）绳子段数（n)h（m）S（m）W有（J）W总（J）1530.22530.231130.24520.2
同一滑轮组，改变绳子的绕法再次试验，数据如上：
比较数据1、2可得出的结论是：
；
比较数据1、3可得出的结论是：
；
比较数据1、5可得出的结论是：
；
展示探究：
2、小明在“测滑轮组机械效率”的实验中，用如图甲所示的滑轮组进行了三次实验，数据如下表：
① 表中有一个数据的记录是错误的，错误的数据是______。
② 3次实验中滑轮组的机械效率是_______。
③ 本次实验得到的结论是：___________________________________
实验
次数 物重
G/N 物体上升的高度h/cm 测力计的示数F/N 测力计移动的距离s/cm 1 6 3 2.5 9 2 6 5 2.5 18 3 6 8 2.5 24
（2）小红在小明实验的基础上利用图乙也做了实验，
①小红的做法是为了控究 _________________________
②当这两位同学使用各自的滑轮组提升相同的重物时，若忽略绳重及摩擦，
它们的机械效率 _______（选填“相同”或“不相同”），理由是：____________________________________
___ ______。
得到的结论是：
。
（3）小军也用如图甲所示的滑轮组进行了三次实验，实验数据如下表：
物理量
控制因素物重
G/N绳端拉力F/N机械效率η /％较小提升速度104.279.4中等提升速度104.279.4较大提升速度104.279.4在小军的实验中，你得到的结论是______________________________________。
2、在测定“各种滑轮组机械效率与物重关系”的实验中，小明用如图所示的滑轮组进行实验，并将数据记录在了下面表格中。
实验
次数钩码重G/N钩码上升高度h/m 拉力
F/N绳端移动距离s/m机械效率
η/％ 1 1 0.1 0.6 0.3 55.6 2 2 0.1 0.9 0.3? 3 3 0.1 1.1 0.3?
（1）请你用笔画线代替绳子，根据数据组装滑轮组 ；并计算出后两次滑轮组的机械效率。
（2）就这一问题的研究，你认为她收集的数据是否充分？说明理由。
随堂练习：
1、某实验小组在测滑轮组机械效率的实验中得到的数据如表所示，实验装置如下图：
物理量123钩码重G（N）446钩码上升高度h（m）0.10.10.1绳端拉力F（N）1.81.42.4绳端移动距离
S（m）0.30.50.3机械效率η74%通过表中数据可分析出实验1是用 （填“甲”或“乙”）图做的实验，实验2是用 （填“甲”或“乙”）图做的实验。
（2）请将表中空白处填上恰当的数据。
（百分号前保留整数）
（3）通过实验1和实验2的数据分析可得出结论：使用不同的滑轮组，提升相同的重物时，动滑轮的个数越多，滑轮组的机械效率___________。
（４）比较实验1和实验3可得正确结论：使用同一滑轮组，_________________，可以提高滑轮组的机械效率。
3、同学们在探究“影响滑轮组机械效率高低的因素”时提出了下列假设：滑轮组机械效率高低可能与动滑轮重有关；滑轮组机械效率高低可能与被提物重有关；滑轮组机械效率高低可能与承重绳子段数有关。
一位同学设计了如图所示的四个滑轮组，并将所滑实验数据填入下表：
实验次数动滑轮重/N物重/N拉力/N绳子的股数n机械效率η11212141.6732424142.5
（1）实验时，应_________、__________拉动弹簧测力计，使钩码上升，并由弹簧测力计读出绳子自由端的
_____________的大小；同时用____________测出钩码升高的高度。
(2)在表中填上四次实验的绳子的股数n和机械效率。
(3)根据实验_______和________(填①、②、③、④)可知，滑轮组机械效率高低与被提物重有关；
(4)根据实验②和③可知，滑轮组提升相同重物时，动滑轮越重，机械效率越______________;
(5)通过实验可以发现，不同滑轮组提升相同重物时，动滑轮越重，机械效率越__________；
(6)要研究滑轮组机械率高低是否与物体提
高度有关，应该选用__________(填“同一”或“不同”)滑轮组，提升___________(填“相同”或“不同”)的高度去研究。
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