博莎的秘密招数-推荐下载

合集下载

翻译---中青版典范英语第8级第3册《博莎的秘密招数》

Fiona tapped on the door. 'Hurry up in there,' she called. 'Nearly finished,' replied Bertha. 'I must colour my hair before I go jogging,' said Fiona. Bertha came out of the bathroom. She had a towel wrapped around her head. 'I feel much better,' said Bertha. 'I've left the bathroom tidy.' 'Look at the time,' said Fiona. 'I shall be late.' Fiona dashed into the bathroom. She splashed on her hair colour. She was in such a hurry that she did not look in the mirror. 'Have a lovely run,' said Bertha. 019 Fiona jogged down the road. She ran through the park. Fiona saw a little kitten sitting on a wall. 'Hello, little kitty.' She stretched out to stroke the kitten. The kitten ran up a tree. A policeman was passing by. 'I saw you frighten that kitten. What an unkind thing to do.' 'I only tried to stroke it,' mumbled Fiona. She jogged on towards the playground. Some children were playing on the swings. 'Would you like a push?' she called. The children took one look at Fiona. They jumped off the swings and ran away. The park keeper raced up. 'What do you think you are doing? You were chasing those children. Go and chase someone your own size.' Fiona ran off. 021 Fiona stopped for a rest outside the supermarket. An old lady was pushing her trolley towards the door. Fiona ran over to help. She held open the door. 'After you,' she said. 'It's a trick.

妹妹K我的四大绝招

妹妹K我的四大绝招第一招：口水流下三千尺情况简介：那次我妈妈去买菜，我一个人在家带妹妹。

当我把她抱起来让她玩并且让她站在我身上，忽然只见一道白光闪过。

你们猜怎么着？原来是妹妹流口水了，而且还流到了我的嘴巴里，还害的我用了5瓶牙膏洗嘴还有一股口水味留在我嘴里！事后感想：以后再也不抱妹妹了！第二招：奶水流下三千尺情况简介：有一次妈妈正在给妹妹吃奶，当时我正好放学回来了，也许是忘了上次的经历，又从妈妈的“魔爪”里把妹妹夺了过来，而且还蹦蹦跳跳的。

没想到妹妹还不领情，居然哭了起来（可能是我跳的太猛了吧所以妹妹哭了起来吧！）。

当时我还没感到妹妹的一个绝招就要对准我发出了！于是我又使出杀手锏——把妹妹当球扔。

我这一招果然有效，妹妹的脸色马上由打雷下雨转到晴天，就在这时妹妹的奶水流下三千尺发威了。

吐的我全身都是。

妹妹吐出来的奶不是妈妈的奶啊！事后感想：我再也不敢这样子。

第三招：撒尿在我身上。

情况简介：星期六，我早早把作业写完了，就闲着没事干。

这时妈妈叫我带妹妹，她去厂里有事干，说完就走了。

我也没多想，反正没事干，正好带带妹妹也无妨！可这个臭妹妹也不多睡一下，在妈妈走后的5分钟还不到时就醒了。

她醒了的后果我是知道的，如果我不抱她她就要哭。

我只好抱她了，总不能让她一直哭吧？如果让妈妈知道了，我不被妹妹的哭声给吵死，也要被妈妈的唾沫星子淹死！我想来想去，最终还是选择了抱妹妹。

这也是没有办法中的办法呀！可厄运还是降临了而且还是比上面的两招更厉害的绝招啊！那就是——撒尿在我身上啊！……后果可想而知。

我被妈妈臭骂了一顿，说我这么冷的天，干吗脱裤子(嬉嬉我里面还有一件牛仔裤呢)（有点不好意思说，呵呵。

周周等编辑别泄露好吗？）？脱了就会感冒，感冒了就要请假，请假了就会……反正是一些关于教育的话（我不知道是不是教育我的话，还请编辑多多帮我修改）我真是有口难辩啊！事后感想：妈妈再出去，妹妹醒了，打死我我也不抱妹妹了！第四招：大便在我身上情况简介：那天老妈又要去上班了，我还要在家里带妹妹啊！为什么我的命这么苦啊？没办法我也只能听天由命了！只见我毫不情愿的抱起妹妹，妈妈这才走了。

博莎的秘密招数共24页

博莎的秘密招数
6、纪律是自由的第一条件。——黑格尔 7、纪律是集体的面貌，集体的声音，集体的动作，集体的表情，集体的信念。 ——马卡连柯
8、我们现在必须完全保持党的纪律，否则一切都会陷入污泥中。 ——马克思 9、学校没有纪律便如磨坊没有水。— —夸美纽斯
、一个人应该：活泼而守纪律，天真而不幼稚，勇敢而鲁莽，倔强而有原则，热情而不冲动，乐观而不盲目。 ——马克思
谢谢！
51、天下之事常成于困约，而败于奢靡。——陆游 52、生命不等于是呼吸，生命是活动。——卢梭
53、伟大的事业，需要决心，能力，组织和责任感。 ——易卜生 54、唯书籍不朽。——乔特
55、为中华之崛起而读书。 ——周恩来

典范3

Bertha’s Secret Battle-----博莎的秘密招数TwinsBertha and Fiona were twin sisters. They looked exactly the same. There was only one way to tell them apart. Bertha dyed her hair red and Fiona dyed her hair blonde. The twins lived together in a cottage.On Friday evenings they set offf for work at the Town Hall.A sign outside the Town Hall said,`Grand Wrestling Competition.’The referee stepped under the top rope and into the ring.`Ladies and gentleemen. Silence please for tonight’s star fight.’The doors of the dressing room swung open.`And here she is,’cried the referee.`The darling of the ring. Fairplay Fiona.’A cheer went up form the crowd. Fiona, dressed in pink, came into the hall. Her blonde hair steamed behind her. With one leapshe jumped over the top rope and leaped in the ring.She waved to the crowd and blew them kisses. The crowd sttod and clapped. They wanted Fiona to win.The referee spoke again.`And her opponent for tonight is...’The dressing room doors smashed open. One dor came off its hinges.`Her terrible twin sister. Big Bertha the Bone Cruncher!’Bertha, dressed in black, came into the hall. Her red hair streamed behind her. She took a flying leap into the ring. She shook her fist. The crowd booed. They wanted Bertha to lose.The referee turned to check his watch.Bertha grabbed Fiona and threw her against the ropes.The crowd yelled at the referee.Bertha raced back to her corner. The refereeturened round.`I haven’t anything worng.’shoutedBertha.The fght had begun.Fiona bounced back with a flying drop kick.The crowd stood up, cheering.Bertha picked up Fiona and spun her above her head.The crowd booed.So it went for five rounds.`And the winner is ---Fairplay Fiona.’The crowd cheered Fiona. They booed Bertha.That night Bertha and Fiona sat at home drinking cocoa.`I thought the fight went very well,’said Fiona.`Hum,’ said Beetha.`You’re not upset about the flying tail spin?’`No.’`The drop kick in round two?’`No.’`Then why are in such a bad mood?’Bertha began to cry.`What’s the matter?’ asked Fiona.`Well,’sobbed Bertha,`peple always cheer you and they aways boo me.’`That’s because I am Fairplay Fiona and you are Big Bertha the Bone Cruncher,’said Fiona.`Couldn’t we change?’sad Bertha .`You could be “Fearsome Fiona”.I could be “Big--Bertha”’.`Don’t be silly,’said Fiona. `Besides, you are good at being bad.’`You could teach me how to be good,’said Bertha .`And I could teach you how to be bad.’`No!’said Fiona.`What would my fans think?’Bertha fights backNext Friday morning, after breakfast, the twins went into front room. They put the table and chairs in a pile at one end of the room. Theymoved the television, the goldfish bowl and their books into the kitchen.When the room was completey clear, Fiona said,`Ready?’`Ready,’said Bertha.Then the twins began to fighe. Bertha threw Fiona across the room. Fiona did a erfect cartwheel and landed lightly on her feet.The twins always practised for the fight on Friday night. Both twins were very skilled at wrestling. They worked hard to make sure they could do their moves without hurting each other.When they had finished practising they had to tidy cottage and have lunch. The twins liked cooking but they hated housework. They tossed a coin to see who should tidy up.`Heads,’said Bertha.`Tails,’ said Fiona.` I win .’So Bertha had to move all te things form the kitchen back into the front room. Then she had to put the table and chairs back in themiddle of the room. Meanwhle, Fiona cooked lunch.After lunch Bertha slipped quietly into the bathroom and locked the door. Bertha rinsed her hair with her sister’s blonde hair colour. She looked in the mirror and smiked. Her hair was now blone ,just like Fiona’s .She poured the rest of the blonde hair colour down the sink. Then she fillled the bottle with some of her red hair colour.Fiona tapped on the door.`Hurry up in there,’she called.`Nearly finished ,’replied Bertha.`I must coulor my hair befre I go jogging,’said Fiona.Bertha came out of the bathroom. She had a towel wrapped around her head.`I feel much better,’said Bertha.`I’ve left the bathroom tidy.’。

1-s2.0-S0927775715303460-main

Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154Contents lists available at ScienceDirectColloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical andEngineeringAspectsj o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /c o l s u r faEvaluation of oil-in-water emulsions with cationic–anionic surfactants mixtures for potential use in the oil industryEduardo N.Schulz a ,∗,Rubén E.Ambrusi a ,Daniela B.Miraglia b ,Erica P.Schulz b ,Silvana G.García a ,JoséL.Rodriguez b ,Pablo C.Schulz ba Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión,CONICET—Departamento de Ingeniería Química,Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca,Argentina bInstituto de Química del Sur,CONICET,Departamento de Química,Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca,Argentinah i g h l i g h t s•Theemulsiﬁer proper-ties of sodium oleate(NaOl)–hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)aqueous mixtures were studied.•The formation of O/W and W/O emulsions was explored and their properties were determined.•It was found that all emulsions were stable on ageing and to temperature rise.•The emulsions were destroyed by contact with quartzite stones.•These mixtures have high potential applicability in the asphalt emulsi-ﬁcation for pavement production or sand ﬁxation.g r a p h i c a la b s t r a c tLeft:stones with crude oil emulsion.×100,Crossed polaroids and 1␭retardation plate intercalated,show-ing interference colours in the quartzite stones and sensitive pink of non-birefringent (water)medium.The black zones correspond to stones covered by hydrocarbon.Right:crude oil emulsion,unpolarised light.The emulsion used in both photos was diluted to improvevisualization.a r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 8September 2015Received in revised form 9November 2015Accepted 13November 2015Available online 18November 2015Keywords:Petroleum emulsions Catanionic emulsiﬁer Sodium oleateHexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide Mixed surfactantsa b s t r a c tThe emulsiﬁer properties of sodium oleate (NaOl)-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)aque-ous mixtures were studied using different proportions of the surfactants.The formation of O/W and W/O emulsions was explored and their properties (viscosity,stability and droplets size distribution)were determined.The mixture with 0.75mole fraction of HTAB without considering the solvent formed very stable and concentrated O/W emulsions,which were destroyed via heterocoagulation by quartzite sand.Thus,these mixtures have high potential applicability in the asphalt emulsiﬁcation for pavement production or sand ﬁxation.©2015Published by Elsevier B.V.∗Corresponding author.E-mail address:nschulz@.ar (E.N.Schulz)./10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.0230927-7757/©2015Published by Elsevier B.V.146 E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–1541.IntroductionStable emulsions of heavy oils or bitumen in water are widely used to extract,transport and store petroleum.These emulsions are an alternative to the increase of temperature for the mixing of asphalt with light oils,which involve high costs and technical complexity[1,2].O/W bitumen emulsions have been also employed as combustible in electricity power plants[3].Desire features of these emulsions are high stability and low viscosity.Other applications of asphalt emulsions are road construction and roof water-prooﬁng.In particular,these emulsions have many advantages for road reparation compared to melted asphalt:easier implementation,fewer precautions and no need of special equip-ment,as well as their applicability to wet surfaces,a very attractive characteristic.The speed of rupture of the asphalt emulsion on the mineral substrate is of primary importance.On the one hand, enough time must be allowed for proper mixing of the various com-ponents of the system but,on the other hand,the breaking time must be short enough to permit a rapid re-opening of the road to trafﬁc[4].Bitumen is a high viscosity mixture of hydrocarbons(>104 cP).“Synthetic”bitumen is best known as asphalt and is a petroleum-like material obtained as a residue from the distillation of petroleum[5]with a consistency varying from viscous liquid to glassy solid.Asphalt is commonly employed as a binder of aggre-gates for road pavement[6].Asphalt emulsions are commonly either anionic or cationic. Their rupture in contact with stones is caused by the destabiliza-tion of the emulsiﬁer.Polyvalent cations,such as Ca+2and Mg+2(in basic stones such as calcareous ones),react with anionic surfactants producing uncharged insoluble soaps while the negative charge of acid siliceous surfaces reacts with cationic surfactants causing elec-trostatic adsorption.The adsorbed cationic surfactants show their hydrocarbon chains out of the stones’surface,causing its hydropho-bization and thus increasing the tendency of asphalt to adsorb on the stones,promoting the adhesion between the hydrocarbon and the mineral surfaces.Moreover,the surfactant monolayer reduces the afﬁnity of the stones’surface towards water,thus reducing its tendency to destroy the pavement.Water penetration causes strip-ping of the bitumen from the aggregate particles,consequently endangering the subgrade layer as well as the base course[7].A catanionic(anionic–cationic surfactant mixture)emulsiﬁer will have both the advantages of cationic and anionic emulsions. However,in general cationic–anionic surfactant mixtures tend to precipitate in some proportions.We have previously studied a catanionic mixture which does not precipitate in any proportion [8–10].Sodium oleate(NaOl)–hexadecyltrimethylammonium bro-mide(HTAB)mixtures form soluble systems at all NaOl–HTAB proportions.This mixture does not precipitate at any composition because to steric hindrances,which were attributed to the afﬁnity of the NaOl double bond to water via hydrogen bonding.Thus NaOl acts as a surfactant having two hydrophilic groups,the carboxylate and the double bond.This causes a curvature of the aggregate/water surface which favours the O/W emulsiﬁcation[6–8].NaOl is a nat-ural,biodegradable soap which is innocuous for the environment. HTAB has bactericide capacity but it is not dispersed in the environ-ment because it is strongly adsorbed by the negative stones’surface and remains below the asphalt layer.Thus,the system NaOl–HTAB seems to have interesting features that makes it attractive for prac-tical applications,especially in the petroleum industry.In the present work the emulsiﬁer capability of different mix-tures of NaOl–HTAB with Argentine crude oil(CO)and with model liquid parafﬁn(LP)has been studied.The behaviour of the emul-sions in contact with a petrous substrate has been also studied in order to evaluate their possible use in pavement production.Our ﬁndings are of practical and theoretical interest in the oil emulsions ﬁeld and set the basis for the future study of the emulsiﬁcation properties for heavy oil.2.Experimental2.1.MaterialsFor parafﬁn emulsions,extra dense liquid parafﬁn(LP)EWE with viscosity Seyboldt340s and75centi-Stokes was used as purchased.Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(HTAB, C16H32N(CH3)3Br>99%)was from Fluka.Sodium oleate(NaOL, C18H33O2Na>99%)was from Aldrich.Both chemicals were of ana-lytical grade and were used as purchased.The crude oil(CO)of35◦API(0.870g cm−3)has kinematic vis-cosity10.7mm2s−1and dynamic viscosity96.7cp(both at20◦C) and does not contain aromatic compounds,asphaltenes or other chemicals[11].It has been kindly supplied by the Petrobras Bahia Blanca reﬁnery and is from the Neuquen oilﬁeld(Argentina).The stones were from the Pigüéquarry(Argentina)and were selected because of their poor performance to produce pavements with commercial asphalt emulsions.Their treatment with a com-mercial asphalt emulsion achieved only an incomplete coverage of the stones’surface,which leaves the pavement vulnerable to water penetration[12].LP and CO were selected because of their easier manipulation than heavy oils and bitumen.Once the possibility of using the mix-ture for emulsifying hydrocarbons is stated,it is possible to study the formation of bitumen emulsions.We used Argentinian crude oil,which is free of asphaltenes,due to a matter of availability.Tri-distillated water was used and the measurements were per-formed twice.2.2.EmulsionsAqueous emulsiﬁer solutions of HTAB and NaOL with0.1M were prepared at the mole fractions of HTAB in the surfactant mixture without considering the solvent(˛HTAB)0.1;0.25;0.3;0.50;0.7;0.75;0.9and1.Each emulsion was stirred for15min with a steel helix stirring electric device at800rpm after the addition of the second phase.Emulsions of Argentine petroleum were prepared according to two procedures:a)The aqueous surfactant solution(50mL)was added in aliquotsof2mL to50mL of CO under stirring.Then,15mL of each sam-ple was put in a graduate tube and stoppered.The volume of the emulsion was determined immediately,after24h and after a week’s time.The emulsions were observed by means of a micro-scope.b)The CO(50mL)was added to50mL of the aqueous surfactantsolution in aliquots of2mL under stirring and the emulsions were observed as in procedure a.An additional observation was made after14months.Since the Argentine petroleum was parafﬁnic(see below),we used for the main determinations a model emulsion with liquid parafﬁn which facilitates the observation because it is colourless. The model emulsions were prepared with surfactant mixture(0.1M in water)with˛HTAB=0.1;0.25;0.50and0.75.Then,60mL of liquid parafﬁn was added to40mL of the aqueous surfactant solutions and stirred during15min.The systems were transferred to graduated tubes and the volumes of emulsion,remnant water and remainder parafﬁn were recorded.Samples of the freshly prepared emulsions for microscopic observation were kept in separated sealed vials.Samples with˛HTAB=0.25;0.50and0.75were observed in a microscope Nikon Eclipse E-200POL Polarizing,Tokyo,Japan.E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–154147Table1Volumes of W/O emulsion and remnant(non-emulsiﬁed)water in10mL samples as a function of the surfactant composition.A week old samples after centrifugation.␣HTAB00.10.30.50.70.91V W/Oemulsion/mL 2.9 1.20.3 3.30.20.50.2V water/mL7.18.89.7* 6.79.8**9.59.8****W/O/W emulsion.**O/W emulsion.***Multiple emulsion.Unless stated otherwise,all observations were made with×100 magniﬁcation.Nonetheless,scale bars were added to the photos. As both phases are transparent and colourless,a drop of aqueous solution of methylene blue was added to determine the nature of the emulsion.In all cases the dye diffused amongst the emulsion droplets,thus all emulsions were O/W.The emulsions remained stable during the microscope observations although no stabilizer was added(such as a gelatine solution)[13].The viscosity(Á)of emulsions was measured with a Vibro Viscometer SV-10/SV100calibrated with tri-distilled water (Á=0.89cP at25◦C).The hydrocarbon/water volume ratio in the emulsions was mea-sured using a modiﬁed Dean-Stark apparatus[2].To evaluate the effectiveness of stones in destructing the emul-sion and the hydrocarbon deposition on the stones’surface,a powder of the stones was put in contact with the different emul-sions and observed under the microscope.In order to reproduce the procedure in real working conditions,the mineral substrate was used as received,without any pre-treatment.The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the stones employed in the test of stability of emulsion was made in a Phillips PW1710 diffractometer with Cu anode and curved graphite monocromator operated at54kW and30mA.FT-IR measurements were performed with an Infrared Spec-trophotometer(Nicolet FT-IR,Model Nexus470)to test the CO structure.The size distribution of droplets was determined with a com-puter program(Pixcavator IA).As a size reference,the width of the hair in Fig.3a was used(a similar method was used for other magniﬁcations).Averages and variances values were computed by the minimum variance linear unbiased method[14]and the Student t function was employed to compute the error intervals.Conﬁdence level was 0.90.Errors of derived data were computed with the error expan-sion method.3.ResultsThe X-ray diffractogram(Fig.1in Supplementary information, SI)indicates that the stones’nature is clastic sedimentary rock—S0, formed by silica(ortho-quartzite).The petroleum FT-IR spectrum(not shown)showed only parafﬁnic hydrocarbon peaks(CH3;CH2stretching vibra-tions at3000–2850cm−1and CH3;CH2bending vibrations at 1480–1350cm−1).3.1.Petroleum emulsionsChanging the order of addition of the components while stir-ring produced two different kinds of emulsions.The addition of the surfactant aqueous solution to crude oil produced a W/O emul-sion(see Fig.1).Freshly prepared samples did not show signiﬁcant phase separation.The emulsion could be separated by centrifuga-tion at2000rpm only after a week from preparation.Due to the petroleum colour,a Cole-Palmer Iluminator41720-series was used. Table1shows the relative volumes of emulsion as a function of the mixture composition.Pure NaOl(˛HTAB=0)had poor emulsifying capacity,but the addition of a small amount of HTAB(˛HTAB=0.1) produced a good W/O emulsion with small polydisperse droplets (Fig.1a).Further addition of HTAB produced a very polydisperse W/O emulsion(Fig.1b and c).With˛HTAB=0.3two kinds of emul-sions appeared:the W/O and a multiple emulsion O/W/O,and with ˛HTAB=0.7there coexist W/O and O/W emulsions.As we desired O/W emulsions we employed procedure b:addi-tion of the crude oil to the surfactant solution under stirring.Fig.2 shows microscopic images of two of the emulsions obtained with ˛HTAB=0.75.The concentrated emulsion was diluted with water to improve the observation.3.2.Parafﬁn emulsionsOwing to the difﬁculty caused by the strong colour of the crude oil to the visual examination and microphotographs analysis,we decided to make model emulsions with liquid parafﬁn,which is colourless and whose composition and viscosity are similar to that of the crude oil.Since the amount of surfactant affects the size of the droplets,we have used the same amount of surfactant in all the emulsions to compare the effect of the mixture composition.On the basis of the preceding results,we used only surfactant solutions having˛HTAB=0.1;0.25;0.5and0.75.Since we were interested in O/W emulsions,these were prepared by dropping the parafﬁn to the aqueous emulgent solution under stirring.The nature of the emulsion(O/W)was determined by diffusion of a drop of a methylene blue aqueous solution in the continuous phase, viewed through the microscope(Fig.2in the SI).Fig.3shows the emulsions obtained with different surfactant compositions.The size distribution of droplets was graphically determined using a computer program(Pixcavator IA)on the pho-tomicrographs.The freshly prepared emulsions did not show remnant water or parafﬁn.The viscosity(Á)of the emulsion at25◦C were13.20cP for ˛HTAB=0.25;47.00cP for˛HTAB=0.5and382.00cP for˛HTAB=0.75. The droplets size distribution is shown in Fig.4.The particle size of an emulsion is one of the most important characteristics[13].Droplets size and droplets size distribution can be used as indexes of state of an emulsion and are intimately related to their stability,resistance to creaming,rheology,and chemical reactivity[15].Two emulsions may have the same average droplet diameter and yet exhibit quite dissimilar behaviours because of differences in their distribution of diameters.The droplet size distribution for˛HTAB=0.25is unimodal and broad while that for˛HTAB=0.50is multimodal with lower maxima. When˛HTAB is0.75the distribution is a narrow,unimodal and cen-tred in the smaller size.Emulsions with a droplet-size distribution with a maximum of low diameter droplets and with this maximum sharply deﬁned represent a situation of maximum stability[16].To study the stability of the emulsions,these were aged in sealed graduated tubes.The separation of emulsion and water when the systems were aged can be seen in Fig.5.The emulsions still remained stable after14months.(Fig.3in SI).The aged emulsion with˛HTAB=0.75had a LP content73%V/V. Natural bitumen emulsions contain between70and80%V/V of bitumen separated by tiny layer of water,while asphaltic emulsions usually contain about60%V/V[9].The size distribution is shifted towards smaller droplets when aged,as shown in Fig.6for˛HTAB=0.25(the other surfactant com-positions showed similar behaviour).To determine the efﬁciency of the surfactant mixtures to emul-sify LP,20mL of emulsion having˛HTAB=0.25was completed to 100mL with liquid parafﬁn and stirred.After a day,there was1mL of supernatant parafﬁn,i.e.1.412g of surfactant mixture was capa-ble of emulsifying91mL of parafﬁn.The size distribution of droplets148E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154Fig.1.W/O emulsions produced by dropping aqueous surfactant solution to crude oil under stirring.×100.(a)˛HTAB =0.1,(b)˛HTAB =0.7,(c)˛HTAB =1.The bar corresponds to 0.2mm.Fig.2.O/W emulsion obtained by dropping crude oil to the aqueous surfactant solution under stirring.˛HTAB =0.75,×100.(a)emulsion diluted with 25%water,(b)emulsion diluted with 50%water.The bar corresponds to 0.2mm.was almost unimodal and is shown in Fig.7.After one year only 20mL of parafﬁn was separated while the remaining emulsion was stable (see Fig.3in SI)with the separation of the remnant water (below)and parafﬁn (above).Similar results were obtained with the other compositions.No agglomeration or coalescence was observed during the microscope observations,even after one hour of preparing the sam-ples.To test the temperature stability of emulsions,samples of the three emulsions (with ˛HTAB =0.25,0.5,and 0.75)were placed between slides and heated with a temperature-controlled stage at the microscope.Photos were taken at different temperatures up to the ebullition of water (Fig.8).Vapour bubbles and LP droplets differentiate by the aspect of their borders as a consequence of the different refractive index:the borders are black and thick in the vapour bubbles and light grey in the LP droplets.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.25became more ﬂuid at 83◦C and the larger droplets disappeared but the smaller ones were retained.At 111.5◦C the emulsion ﬂowed and the water started to boil.Fig.8band c shows the vapour bubbles that grew with increasing temper-ature.The oil droplets are smaller.At a temperature of 118◦C the emulsion started to break,to be almost completely broken at 119◦C.Fig.9shows the evolution of the droplets size with the raising tem-perature:the multimodal distribution of larger droplets trends to form a bimodal distribution of smaller droplets.Emulsions with ˛HTAB =0.5remained stable up to 103◦C,when vapour bubbles appeared.At 115◦C the system ﬂowed and at 124.5◦C it collapsed.Fig.10shows the evolution of the size distribu-tion of droplets with raising temperature:it remained multimodal but shifted towards smaller droplets.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75became ﬂuid at 83.6◦C and the excess of water was separated forming small domains that started to disappear at 104◦C.Some bubbles of vapour appeared and grew with the increasing temperature.Some emulsion was remained up to 122◦C.The size of oil droplets was reduced when the temper-ature was increased from 37.5◦C to 67.5◦C,and the distribution became narrower.Further increase of temperature did not affectE.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–154149Fig.3.microscope photos of fresh emulsions having˛HTAB=0.25(a)×100,0.5(b)×100,0.75(c)×100and0.75(d)×400.The line in photo(a)is a hair,having0.090mm in width,and used to calibrate the size of droplets.Bars in photos a–c correspond to0.2mm,in photo d,to0.1mm.Fig.4.size distribution of freshly prepared emulsion having˛HTAB=0.25,˛HTAB=0.50and˛HTAB=0.75.Distribution parameters: :number average, standard deviation, Max:maximum.the size distribution.Fig.11shows the size distribution of droplets as a function of temperature.The stability of the emulsions was not affected by two freeze–thaw cycles between−5and25◦C,with8h in each tem-perature.In conclusion,the three compositions gave emulsions stable up to the temperature of water boiling.The size distribution in all cases is shifted to smaller droplets when temperature is increased.The size behaviour on ageing and heating of emulsions is rather unusual.A possible explanation may be creaming of large oil droplets and therefore shifting the size distribution of the remain-ing emulsion down.Since samples were taken from different parts of the emulsion,the large droplets probably collapse giving rise to the narrow non-emulsiﬁed oil layer.Another possible explanation may be a rearrangement of the surfactant molecules in the droplets interface.Oleate molecules can fold to expose the double bond at the interface,since they tend to form hydrogen bonds with water with their␲electrons[17].This may lead to an average packing parameter of the mixture of surfactants that favours the formation of a hydrocarbon droplet with a given curvature generating a nar-150E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154Fig.5.Dependence on time of the volume percent of remnant emulsion (full symbols)and water (open symbols),᭿ᮀ:˛HTAB =0.75; :˛HTAB =0.50;᭹ :˛HTAB =0.25.010********60708000.050.10.150.20.250.3D / mmf / %Fig.6.Evolution with time of emulsion prepared with ˛HTAB =0.25.rower size distribution.This mechanism needs some time,and willbe accelerated with temperature.As suggested by Anton et al.[18]mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants may be considered as 1:1complexes and the remain-der molecules of the surfactant in excess.The Ol.HTA complex has a large hydrophilic part formed by one N(CH 3)3+group from HTA +ion,and the COO −and CH CH groups of Ol −ion.As previously mentioned it has been found that the double bond has afﬁnity to water,forming H-bonds with the ␲electrons [19–21].The tail of the oleate ion is thus folded to put the CH CH group in contact with water in aggregates such as micelles or air/water monolayers [6–8].This produces a structure of the complex like a cone with the hydrophilic part at the basis,i.e.favouring a curved surface convex to the water.The behaviour of another cationic–anionic surfactant mixture which does not precipitate at any proportion (although it forms a coacervate in some proportions),sodium 10-undecenoate-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide [19,22,23],was explained by the same phenomenon.This explains why the O/W emulsion isfavoured and why the system does not precipitate even at the 1:1proportion.Similar reasons have been proposed in literature for other cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures which do not precipitate [24].The mixture with ˛HTAB =0.75is the best to produce O/W emulsions,i.e.once the 1:1complex was formed,two thirds of the hydrophilic HTAB molecules remain free.Then,the system is formed by an excess of hydrophilic surfactant which promotes O/W emulsion formation,and the complex which has a structure that accommodates to the same oil/water interface geometry.The droplets size decreases with time and with increasing tem-perature probably due to that part of the surfactant that remained in the aqueous phase and migrate by diffusion to the droplets sur-face.This takes time but is accelerated by the temperature rise.The molecules and 1:1complexes arriving to the oil/water inter-face must accommodate increasing the surface area,what may only occur with a diminution of the droplets’size when the total oil volume is constant.E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–1541511020304050607080900.0000.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 0.1800.200D / mmf / %Max 0.035 mm = 0.039 mm = 0.025 mmFig.7.size distribution of droplets for ˛HTAB =0.25saturated withparafﬁn.Fig.8.Evolution of emulsions with temperature,microscope photos ×100of emulsion width ˛HTAB =0.25(a)at 48◦C,(b)102◦C,(c)at 111.5◦C.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.5(d)at 38◦C,(e)at 100◦C,(f)at 103◦C.Emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75(g)at 37.7◦C,(h)at 83.5◦C,(i)at 109◦C.The bars correspond to 0.2mm.3.3.Destruction of emulsion by stonesThe emulsions were put in contact with powdered stones and observed under microscope to determine their applicability in the production of pavements.The emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75showed the best performance in the previous experiments so it was theonly one evaluated for this purpose.The droplets were clustered on the stones’surface and were subsequently destroyed.The destruc-tion of the emulsion was very rapid and ﬁnished in 15min.Fig.12shows the evolution of the CO emulsion with ˛HTAB =0.75in contact with the powdered stones which were almost completely covered.152E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects 490(2016)145–154010203040506000.0050.010.0150.020.025D / mmf / %Fig.9.Evolution of the size distribution of droplets with temperature for ˛HTAB =0.2505101520250.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.0350.040.045D / mmf / %Fig.10.Evolution of the size distribution of droplets with temperature for ˛HTAB =0.50.Fig.11.Size distribution of droplets having ˛HTAB =0.75as a function of temperature.E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–154153Fig.12.Photomicrographs of the emulsion destruction in contact with stones.×100,˛HTAB=0.75.(a)Diluted CO emulsion just added to the stones,(b)after5min,droplets were aggregated close to the stones,(c)after10min,(d)after30min,(e)after24h,(f)commercial cationic emulsion after30min.Photos a,b and f with polarized light and 1␭retardation plate intercalated.The other photos are with unpolarised light.Bars indicate0.2mm.The crude oil emulsion was previously diluted with20%water to improve visualization.The clear regions are water between stones.The destruction of the emulsion by stones seems to follow the mechanism called heteroﬂocculation[25],i.e.the oil droplets clus-ter together around the stones followed by their coalescence on the solid surface.In this sense,some HTAB molecules dissolved in the aqueous phase may hydrophobize the rock surface improving the adherence of the oil.The breaking time of emulsions is known to be affected by the nature of the aggregate and its speciﬁc area,humidity,surfactant concentration,pH,and temperature[4],therefore the speed of breaking in roads industry may be different to that found in our lab-oratory conditions.Due to the short time of breaking,this emulsion may be useful as an imprinting irrigation,i.e.irrigation of surfaces to produce a transition surface with the new asphaltic layer ensuring the anchoring of this layer,or to stabilize sands[26].154 E.N.Schulz et al./Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects490(2016)145–1544.ConclusionsNaOl–HTAB mixtures revealed to be good O/W emulsiﬁers.The system having˛HTAB=0.75gave the largest volume of emulsion having a narrow unimodal size distribution with smaller droplets. This emulsion has a relatively high viscosity.All emulsions were stable on ageing and to temperature rise.The emulsions were destroyed by contact with quartzite stones.These properties may be useful for different applications in petroleum industry such as their use as fuels,transport and pavement production.AknowledgementsENS is an assistant researcher of the Argentine National Council of Scientiﬁc and Technical Researches(CONICET),EPS is an adjunct researcher of CONICET.REA has a post-doctoral fellowship of CON-ICET.This research was supported by a grant of the Universidad Nacional del Sur.Appendix A.Supplementary dataSupplementary data associated with this article can be found,in the online version,at /10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11. 023.References[1]N.Delgado,F.Ysambertt,C.Montiel,G.Chávez,A.Cáceres,B.Bravo,N.Márquez,Evaluation of oil-in-water emulsions with non-ionic and anionicsurfactants mixtures for potential use in the oil industry,Rev.Téc.Ing.Univ.Zulia30(2)(2007)118–127(in Spanish).[2]L.Schramm,Surfactants:Fundamentals and Applications in the PetroleumIndustry,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,2000.[3]H.Rivas,X.Gutiérrez,Surfactants:behavior and some of their applications inthe petroleum industry,Acta Cient.Venez.50(Suppl.No.1)(1999)54–65. [4]M.Bourrel,C.Chambu,Cationic asphalt emulsions:breaking on mineralsubstrates,in:Proceedings2nd World Surfactant Congress1988,IV,Paris,1988,pp.145–161.[5]G.Urbina-Villalba,M.García-Sucre,Effect of non-homogeneous spatialdistributions of surfactants on the stability of high-content bitumen-in-water emulsions,Interciencia25(9)(2000)415–422.[6]M.Chappat,Some applications of emulsions,Colloids Surf.A Phys.Eng.Aspects91(1994)57–77.[7]W.S.Abdulla,M.T.Obaidat,N.M.Abu-Sa’da,Inﬂuence of aggregate type andgradation on voids of asphalt concrete pavements,J.Mater.Civil Eng.1988 (1988)76–85.[8]N.El-Kadi,F.Martins,D.Clausse,P.C.Schulz,Critical micelle concentration ofaqueous hexadecyltrimetylammonium bromide–sodium oleate mixtures,Colloid Polym.Sci.281(2003)353–362.[9]D.B.Miraglia,E.N.Schulz,J.L.M.Rodriguez,P.C.Schulz,D.Salinas,Sodiumoleate–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mixtures,J.Colloid Interface Sci.351(2010)197–202.[10]D.B.Miraglia,J.L.M.Rodríguez,R.M.Minardi,P.C.Schulz,Critical micelleconcentration and hlb of the sodium oleate–hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide mixed system,J.Surfactants Deterg.14(2011)401–408.[11]P.V.Messina,O.Pieroni,V.Verdinelli,P.C.Schulz,Regarding the effect thatdifferent twin tailed surfactants have on a solid stabilized petroleumemulsion,Colloid Polym.Sci.286(2008)191–199.[12]V.Verdinelli,M.A.Morini,P.V.Messina,P.C.Schulz,S.Alvarez,Study ofcompatibility of quartzite stones–Pigüéquarry–with asphalt emulsions,in: Proceedings of the XXXIV Reunión del Asfalto Dr.Alfredo Pinilla,Mar delPlata,Argentina,2006(in Spanish).[13]B.H.Bishop,J.L.Wulﬁnghoff,Practical Emulsions,vol.1,3rd ed.,ChemicalPublishing Co.,Inc.,New York,1968.[14]J.Mandel,Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data,Interscience,New York,1964,pp.134–137.[15]P.Becher,Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology,vol.1,Dekker,New York andBasel,1983,pp.369.[16]P.Becher,Emulsions Theory and Practice,American Chemical SocietyMonograph Series No.162,2nd ed.,R.E.Krieger Pub.Co.,New York,1977. [17]P.Messina,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,Aqueous sodium oleate-sodiumdehydrocholate mixtures at low concentration,Colloid Polym.Sci.281(11) (2003)1082–1091.[18]R.E.Anton,D.Gomez,A.Graciaa,chaise,J.L.Salaguer,Surfactant–oil–water systems near the afﬁnity inversion part ix:optimumformulation and phase behavior of mixed anionic–cationic systems,J.Dispersion Sci.Technol.14(4)(1993)401–416.[19]M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,The catanionic system sodiumundecenoate-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide at low concentration,Colloid Polym.Sci.282(6)(2004)633–641,and references therein.[20]M.L.Ferreira,M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,A computational study ofthe structure and behaviour of the aqueous mixed system sodiumunsaturated carboxylate–dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,J.Phys.Chem.110(2006)17600–17606.[21]M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,E.Junquera,E.Aicart,Effect of doublebonds in the formation of sodium dodecanoate and sodium10-undecenoate mixed micelles in water,J.Phys.Chem.B111(2007)11692–11699.[22]M.B.Sierra,M.A.Morini,P.C.Schulz,M.L.Ferreira,Unusual volumetric andhydration behavior of the catanionic system sodium undecenoate—dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,Colloid Polym.Sci.283(2005)1016–1024.[23]M.B.Sierra,P.V.Messina,M.A.Morini,J.M.Ruso,G.Prieto,P.C.Schulz,F.Sarmiento,The nature of the coacervate formed in the aqueousdodecyltrimethylammonium bromide–sodium10-undecenoate mixtures,Colloids Surf.A:Phys.Eng.Aspects277(2006)75–82.[24]G.Kume,M.Gallotti,G.Nunes,Review on anionic/cationic surfactantmixtures,J.Surfactants Deterg.11(2008)1–11.[25]R.A.Mercado,V.Sadtler,P.Marchal,L.Chopin,J.L.Salager,Heteroﬂocculationof a cationic oil-in-water emulsion resulting from Fontainebleau’sandstone powder addition as a model for asphalt emulsion breakup,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.51(2012)11688–11694.[26]K.P.George,Stabilization of sands by asphalt emulsion,Transp.Res.Rec.1976(1976)51–56.。

(完整word版)典范英语6-9书目

《典范英语》（六）1. Walrus Joins in海象参加表演2. Noisy Neighbours吵闹的邻居3. Princess Pip’s Holiday皮皮公主的假期4. Oh, Otto!哦，奥托！5. Captain Comet and the Purple Planet科密特船长与紫色星球6. Jungle Shorts丛林短裤7. The Masked Cleaning Ladies of Om来自奥姆的蒙面清洁女工8. The Masked Cleaning Ladies Save the Day蒙面清洁女工反败为胜9. The Masked Cleaning Ladies Meet the Pirates蒙面清洁女工面对海盗10. Jellyfish Shoes水母鞋11. The Boss Dog of Blossom Street花朵街的狗老大12. Cornflake Corn玉米片硬币13. The Ghost Ship幽灵船14. Micro the Metal Dog机器狗麦克罗15. The King ofFootball The Story of Pelé球王贝利的故事16. Arctic Hero The Story of Matthew Henson北极英雄——马修•汉森的故事17. Pioneer Girl The Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder 拓荒女孩——劳拉•因格尔斯•怀尔德的故事18. My Friend, Mandela我的朋友曼德拉《典范英语》（七）1. Amy the Hedgehog Girl刺猬女孩艾蜜2. Coming Clean坦白3. Bertha’s Secret Battle博莎的秘密招数4. Titanic Survivor The Story of Harold Bride泰坦尼克号的幸存者——哈罗德•布莱德的故事5. The Big Chance大好时机6. Blackbones Saves the School布莱克博恩拯救学校7. The Wrong Letter送错的信8. Dangerous Trainers危险的运动鞋9. The Luckless Monster不走运的怪物10. Jem Stone Genie –the Crash精灵简姆•斯通——撞击事件11. Stinky Street臭街12. Cool Clive酷酷的克莱夫13. Robbie Woods and his Merry Men罗比•伍兹和他快乐的弟兄们14. Pass the Ball!传球！15. Here Comes Trouble来麻烦了16. Doohickey and the Robot杜希奇与机器人17. Doughnut Dilemma炸面圈的两难处境18. Scrapman and the Incredible Flying Machine 废铁人与神奇飞行器《典范英语》（八）1. Waiting for Goldie等候高蒂2. The Personality Potion性格魔水3. The Ultimate Trainers顶级跑鞋4. Black Dan布莱克•丹5. Blackbeards Last Stand黑胡子海盗最后的抵抗6. Kelly the Rescue Dog搜救犬凯莉7. Okay, Spanner, YouWin!好吧，斯潘纳，你赢了！8. Petey皮蒂9. Climbing in the Dark黑夜挣扎10. Grace the Pirate海盗格雷斯11. Air Raid!空袭！12. The Booming Boots of Joey Jones 乔伊•琼斯的大力球鞋13. Sing for your Supper用歌声换晚餐14. Tomb Raiders古墓挖掘者：发现图坦卡蒙《典范英语》（九）1. The Secret Garden秘密花园2. White Fang白牙3. Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记4. Black Beauty黑骏马5. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea海底两万里6. The Lost World失落的世界7. David Copperfield大卫•科波菲尔8. Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦9. Jane Eyre简爱10. Stories of Sherlock Holmes福尔摩斯故事集11. Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记12. Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄13. Treasure Island金银岛14, Macbeth麦克白。

VIP专享2356阅读

•会员特权•会员服务•会员福利•阅读体验•会员计划目•常见问题解答录每日更新2356持续更新上架新书，会员可以随时关注并阅读最新上架的书籍，紧跟出版业的潮流。

大量藏书会员可以无限量阅读2356提供的海量电子书籍，涵盖文学、历史、科普、哲学、心理学等各个领域，满足不同读者的兴趣和需求。

中英双语2356提供中文和英文两种语言的书籍，方便读者进行语言学习。

无限量阅读免费下载离线阅读支持多种文件格式，如PDF、EPUB、TXT等，满足不同设备的需求。

多种格式高质量排版优先推荐030201在线客服会员活动积分兑换积分优惠积分活动丰富礼品每日福利详细描述为会员提供广泛的书籍选择，包括经典文学、历史、科学、艺术等各类别，满足不同阅读兴趣和需求。

详细描述详细描述根据会员的阅读历史和兴趣，进行个性化书籍推荐，帮助他们发现感兴趣的新作品。

总结词丰富多样的书籍选择总结词总结词个性化推荐010203040506节日福利详细描述：在重大节假日期间，为会员提供购买书籍的生日福利总结词详细描述总结词详细描述去除页面广告避免干扰无广告打扰支持多种文件格式VIP专享2356阅读器支持多种文件格式，如PDF、EPUB、TXT等，满足用户不同的阅读需求。

格式转换对于不支持的文件格式，VIP用户还可以通过在线转换功能将其转换为支持的格式进行阅读。

多种格式支持关键字搜索个性化推荐智能搜索推荐月度会员总结词灵活方便，适合偶尔阅读详细描述月度会员提供每月固定天数的阅读服务，会员可享受阅读加速、无广告等特权。

适合偶尔阅读的用户，按月支付费用，随时取消。

年度会员总结词详细描述尊贵独享，全面特权详细描述高级会员计划提供更加全面的阅读特权和服务，包括更高的阅读加速、无广告、优先阅读等。

适合对阅读体验有更高要求的用户，享受尊贵独享的服务。

总结词高级会员计划VS如何成为会员？完成支付后，您将立即成为我们的会员，并享受会员特权。

您可以选择多种支付方式，包括信用卡、借记卡或支付宝等。

前线任务3_机体特技参数表

B C C C C C C D C B B C B B C B B A A A A A A A A C B B C B B C C B B C C C C B B C C C D
**** *** *** *** **** *** **** * ***(5星) ** (3星) *** ***** *** ***** ***** ** **** *****(4) ***** *** ** ***** ***** ***** ** ****(5) ** ** *** ** *** ** ****(5) ** *** ***** *** *****(4) ***** ** *** B D D A A
*** *** *** ** *** **** **
非榴弹炮非榴弹炮非榴弹炮射击；格斗武器的队友在敌人身边，要贴紧格斗；射击武器的队友在敌人附近射击；附近有两个装备近程武器的队友格斗；附近有两个装备格斗武器的队友
习得条件
比如Boss级的敌人一般都有技能简单，按条件照做就是简单，按条件照做就是揍别人和被别人揍都会发动，注意有AP反击就是了揍别人和被别人揍都会发动，注意有AP反击就是了揍别人和被别人揍都会发动，注意有AP反击就是了抓起任意的武器去乱敲乱扫乱打(非榴弹炮) 抓起任意的武器去乱敲乱扫乱打(非榴弹炮) 抓起任意的武器去乱敲乱扫乱打(非榴弹炮) 注意脚上的回避率改造不是lv4就好注意脚上的回避率改造不是lv4就好注意脚上的回避率改造不是lv4就好属性防御是Lv1或者Lv2的时候，用AP来置换性能属性防御是Lv1或者Lv2的时候，用AP来置换性能属性防御是Lv1或者Lv2的时候，用AP来置换性能游戏前期不可能习得，敌人没有抗属性防御改造游戏前期不可能习得，敌人没有抗属性防御改造游戏中期偏前才有机会习得敌方要有一级的闪避率改造敌方要有一级的闪避率改造游戏中期简单，挨打。因为最低程度简单，挨打。因为最低程度简单，游戏后期就好不难，到熟练度A级以上的到处都有不难，到熟练度A级以上的到处都有不难，到熟练度A级以上的到处都有简单，被导弹武器的敌人攻击发动率并不高，所以需要花有一些时间简单，抓机关枪的敌人伤害值在20以下简单，抓机关枪的敌人伤害值在40以下(20-40) 简单，抓机关枪的敌人伤害值在80以下(60-80) 挨打，注意格斗，导弹等武器才能有101-200伤害重点是敌人攻击角色的伤害值在201-400 有点难度，敌人很难打到401以上的伤害总是处于重伤残废状态，这样就符合条件了郁闷的条件，让机甲的部件处于比较少血的状态你需要角色老是被敌人打坏掉某个部件多多的处于昏迷状态最难习得敌方先攻，角色手或脚HP值非常低容易破坏的情况敌方先攻，角色手或脚HP值非常低容易破坏的情况敌方先攻，用拳头去攻击所有的射击武器敌人敌方先攻，用拳头去攻击所有的射击武器敌人

24206427_参考答案

cd 5C&'6C'" U86$9
5<<+%&' C8 8)" G%*86@"F =)" =C8 C8 8)" E%&$<EF B<=8 %& 8)<6')8!"C$%&' ()"*+ VC@C'@CG) ,W
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

典范英语 7_03 博莎的秘密招数

• Write a poster for the wrestling match supporting one of the twin sisters (Bertha or Fiona).
Tips: Include in your writing what the person looks like, what her stage name is, what her character is like, etc.. Then give the reasons why she should be supported.
• dressed in black • She took a flying leap into the ring.
• She shook her fist.
The crowd booed. They wanted Bertha to lose.
P18-20
Character Analysis
Bertha was…
V.S.
Terrible twin sister: Big Bertha the Bone Cruncher
• The doors of the dressing room swung open.
• dressed in pink
• With one leap she jumped over the top rope and landed in the ring.
• Should we judge a book by its cover?
• Do you have a similar unhappy experience of being judged by appearance only like Bertha? Tell your story.

博莎的秘密招数翻译

典范英语8-3Bertha的秘密招数的中文翻译1.孪生姐妹Bertha和Fiona是孪生姐妹。

她们看上去一模一样，只有一种办法把她们区分开。

Bertha 把头发染成了红色，Fiona把头发染成了金黄色，这对孪生姐妹共同生活在一个小别墅。

周五晚上，她们就去市政厅工作。

市政厅外面一张告示写着：‚摔跤大比赛‛。

裁判员从最上面那根围绳下迈进了拳击场。

‚女士们、先生们，请为今晚的明星大战保持安静。

‛更衣室的大门猛地打开了。

‚她在这儿！‛裁判员呼喊着，‚拳击场的宠儿，公平比赛Fiona！‛人群爆发出一阵欢呼，Fiona身穿粉色衣服，走进大厅，她金黄色的头发在身后飘动，她一跃而起，跳过最上面那根围绳落在拳击场上。

她向人群挥手并向他们飞吻。

人群起身鼓掌。

他们要Fiona获胜。

裁判员又开始发言，‚她今晚的对手是…‛更衣室的门猛地被撞开，一扇门的合页掉了下来。

‚她的麻烦孪生姐妹，强大的碎骨者—Bertha！‛Bertha身穿黑色衣服来到大厅，她红色的头发在身后飘动。

她飞身跃进拳击场，她挥动着拳头，人群发出嘘声，他们要Bertha输。

裁判员转身看了看他的表。

Bertha抓住Fiona把她扔到围绳上。

人群冲着裁判员叫嚷起来。

裁判员转过身来时，Bertha已飞跑回她的角落。

‚我没有做任何坏事！‛Bertha喊道。

大战开始了。

Fiona飞身腾空一脚踢过去，接着又弹了回来。

人群都起身鼓起掌来。

Bertha抓起Fiona，把她举过头顶，抡了起来。

人群开始喝倒彩。

就这样打了五个回合。

‚获胜者是—公平比赛Fiona！‛人群为Fiona喝彩叫好，冲着Bertha发出嘘声。

那天晚上Bertha和Fiona坐在家中喝可可。

‚我认为比赛进行得很不错。

‛Fiona说。

‚哼‛Bertha说。

‚你不要对‘飞身尾旋’而难过‛Fiona说‚不‛Bertha说‚第二回合腾空一踢？‛Fiona说‚不‛Bertha说‚那为什么你的心情这么不好？‛Fiona说Bertha开始哭了起来。

7-03-博莎的秘密招数

《典范英语》（7_03）教学参考Bertha’s Secret Battle教学参考的目的在于为实验课提供一个基本的思路和框架，帮助实验教师更好地把握课题理念。

鼓励教师结合学生实际情况适当做出调整，将实验课上出特色。

一、教学目标1. 语言目标：学生能够听懂并理解故事的内容；能够有感情地、绘声绘色地朗读；能够复述故事的主要情节；能够完成与故事相关的写作任务。

2. 非语言目标：引导学生公平、客观地看待他人，不能以貌取人；鼓励学生遇到问题时相互体谅，寻求最佳解决方案；引导学生用平常心面对批评与称赞。

说明：语言目标由教师负责检查，确保学生完成任务，达到要求。

非语言目标具有开放性，需要教师围绕有意义的话题与学生进行真诚交流，激发学生的学习兴趣和参与热情，让学生在有思想、有内容的开放性语言实践活动中习得语言。

二、课时安排要求学生每周完成一部作品，每周安排一节实验课，课时放在学生读完部作品之后。

三、课前任务要求学生每天朗读15-20分钟，辅以默读。

做到听读结合，并适当积累好词好句。

教师可请学生课前查找关于摔跤比赛的相关信息，如摔跤运动的形式、比赛规则、观众的观赛礼仪等。

（参见英文教案Teaching Notes）四、课堂教学基本步骤1. 导入（Lead-in）教师提出关于摔跤比赛的问题：Have you ever watched a wrestling competition? What was it like?设计问题的目的在于拓宽学生的知识面，增强学生对故事的兴趣和理解（相关问题可参考英文教案Teaching Notes）。

引导学生进入故事情景：Bertha and her twin sister were wrestlers. Bertha got tired of being booed when her twin sister was always cheered. Bertha managed to fight back with some secret battle. Things changed completely and Fiona started having those awful feelings that Bertha once had. Then Bertha had an idea to make everybody happy.2. 朗读故事片段（Reading passages aloud）请学生分角色朗读P18-23，要求在理解故事的基础上读出感情。

重庆华侨城生态公园配套设施欢乐谷智能化系统建设工程招标文件

重庆华侨城生态公园配套设施（欢乐谷智能化系统）建设工程招标文件招标人：重庆华侨城实业发展有限公司（盖章）2017年3月4日目录第一章投标邀请书项目名称：重庆华侨城生态公园配套设施（欢乐谷智能化系统）建设工程1.招标条件本招标项目为重庆华侨城生态公园配套设施（欢乐谷智能化系统）建设工程，建设资金来自自筹（资金来源），出资比例为100%，招标人为重庆华侨城实业发展有限公司。

项目已具备招标条件，现邀请贵单位参加本项目投标。

2.项目概况与招标范围项目概况：项目位于渝北区（两江新区）金渝大道33号重庆华侨城实业有限公司地块内。

本项目具体内容及范围见下表。

重庆欢乐谷是华侨城在国内的的第七座欢乐谷主题公园。

招标范围：施工范围为：欢乐谷智能化系统施工。

工作内容：包括：安防监控系统、综合布线系统、周界电子围栏系统等系统设备采购、安装、调试（包括配合系统整合调试）。

监控管理平台及后台存储系统为甲供（详细工作内容以清单及图纸为准）。

计划工期为70个自然日，开工时间及具体工期安排以甲方要求为准。

注意：甲供材具体详见《甲限乙供材料表》。

3. 投标人资格要求本次招标投标人应满足下列资格条件：本次招标要求投标人具备独立法人资格、具备电子与智能化工程专业承包三级及以上资质，并最少具有一个近三年与投标项目相关专业的业绩证明（需提供合同关键页和验收合格证复印件）。

本次招标不接受联合体投标。

4、联系方式1、招标人全称：重庆华侨城实业发展有限公司招标人地址：重庆市两江新区金渝大道33号重庆华侨城实业发展有限公司办公楼二楼公园筹备组。

邮政编码：401122邮箱：联系人：曾泰联系电话：温馨提醒：投标人对本次招标过程中存在的任何违规、违纪问题，均可向重庆华侨城实业发展有限公司纪检监察室进行投诉或举报(可匿名)。

监督人：李运君监督举报电话:举报邮箱：第二章投标人须知投标人须知前附表“投标人须知前附表”是“投标人须知”正文相应条款针对本项目的具体修1. 总则项目概况根据《中华人民共和国招标投标法》等有关法律、法规和规章的规定，本招标项目已具备招标条件，现对本项目建设工程总包进行招标。