五种基本句型(含练习及答案)
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日
报的一位记者作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。
翻译:我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的 一位同志作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。
???分析结构: 我们 发现(谓语) 大 礼堂 full of 学生和老师(复数) who 在听(谓语)重要 报告 made by 一位同志 from 人民日报 about 目前局势 in 东欧。
SV 2.My grandma is sleeping now. 3.I will stay in Shanghai for a week.
4.Lucy arrived in Beijing yesterday
基本句型 二
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达 完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
▪ leave(留给某人……), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb)
▪ pass(递给某人……), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)
▪ read(给某人读……), read sb sth (read sth to sb)
▪ write(给某人写……), write sb sth (write sth to sb)
▪ pay(支付给某人……), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb)
▪ buy(为某人买……), buy sb sth (buy sth for sb)
▪ do(为某人做……) do sb sth (do sth for sb)
▪ sing(为某人唱……) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb)
4)表示状态延续:stay, keep, remain, stand等。
▪ 1.Plants need water.
S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 )
▪ 2.The flower is so fresh.
S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表)
▪ 3.They work hard.
S +V
(主 + 谓 )
常见的可以接双宾语的动词有
▪ tell(告诉某人……), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb)
▪ send(送给某人……), send sb sth (send sth to sb)
▪ give(给某人……), give sb sth (give sth to sb)
▪ bring(带给某人……), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)
▪ save(为某人留……) save sb sth (save sth for sb)
▪ fetch(为某人去取……) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)
基本句型 四
S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾
语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充 成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
基本句型四: S +V +O +OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型五:S + V + P
(主+系+表)
基本句型 一
S(subject) +V(verb)(主+谓)
特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、 介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g.1. His பைடு நூலகம்ords works.
▪ take(给某人拿……), take sb sth (take sth to sb)
▪ show(给某人看……), show sb sth (show sth to sb)
▪ teach(教给某人……), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb)
▪ lend(借给某人……), lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb)
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了老师和学生。
We found the great hall full of students and
teachers who were listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报 告。
英语五种基本句型
英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难以捉摸,
但可以从实质上发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。 即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或 倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结 构的基础。
基本句型一:S +V
(主+谓)
基本句型二:S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型三: S +V +O1 +O2 (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
▪ The boy found his pen on the floor.
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型 和意思:
I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。( S V O )
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C)
6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 复合句
7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus. 复合句
基本句型的扩展: e.g. We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
S+V
(主 + 谓)
翻译练习:
▪ 春天时公园看起来很漂亮。 ▪ The park looks beautiful in spring. ▪ 老师答应过和我们去看电影。 ▪ Our teacher promised to see the movie with us. ▪ 昨天我送了生日礼物给她。 ▪ I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday. ▪ 我们必须保证教室整洁。 ▪ We must keep the classroom clean. ▪ 男孩发现他的笔在地上。
We found the great hall full of students and
teachers who were listening to an important report _m_a_d_e__b_y_a__r_e_p_o_r_te_r_from the People's Daily about
▪ 4.He gives me some seeds.
S +V +In O + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾)
▪ 5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)
▪ 6.Many animals live in trees.
▪ play(为某人演奏……) play sb sth (play sth for sb)
▪ cook(为某人煮……) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb)
▪ choose(为某人选择……) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb)
▪ make(为某人做……) make sb sth (make sth for sb)
▪ return(还给某人……) return sb sth (return sth to sb)
▪ hand(递给某人……) hand sb sth (hand sth to sb)
▪ throw(扔给某人……) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb)
▪ get(为某人弄到……), get sb sth (get sth for sb)
练习翻译:王国平从北京大学毕业之前,他给在北京一家医 院工作的爸爸写了一封信,问他是否愿意让他出国。
???分析结构: before 他graduate from 北京大学, 王国平 写了(谓语)一封信 to 爸爸, who 在医院工作 in 北京, asking (非谓语)他是否愿意让他出国
Before he graduated from Beijing University, Wang Guoping wrore a letter to his father, who works at a hospital in Beijing, asking if he would like him to go abroad.
SV
P
2.Everything looks different.
3.The weather becomes cooler.
常见的系动词: 可分四类: 1)be动词am, is, are, was, were, being, been, be 等; 2)感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3)表示变化:get, grow, become, turn, go等
总结:遇到长句子的翻译不着急,动笔前,仔细阅读原句, 确切理解原句内容,抓住中心,搞清楚各部分之间关系,把句 子缩小再缩小,缩小到只剩下五个基本句型中的主要成分,先 心译,再笔译,心译过程中,要有句子时态规划,名词单复数 等盘算,然后再一步步扩大句子,添加修饰成分,直至完整, 再笔译。这种方法叫做孙悟空变金箍棒的方法:缩小缩小再缩 小,放大放大再放大。
按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种: 简单句, 并列句,复合句
e.g. 1) The teacher’s name is Smith. 简单句
2) The teacher’s name is Smith and the student’s name is John. 并列句
3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. 复合句 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking.并列句 5) Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 并列句
基本句型 三
S +V +O1 +O2(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受 者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为
S +V+O2+prep.+O1
e.g. 1. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me. 2.She passed him a new dress. 3.John told me his idea. 4. His father bought him a computer.
e.g. 1. We like the movie. SV O
2. My sister is writing a letter at this moment.
3. Jack enjoys collecting stamps. 4. I don’t know which school he is in.
判断原则:能表达成—宾语 是…/做…
e.g. 1.We made him the manager.
SV O
OC
2. We must keep the classroom clean.
3. They consider Jack a brave boy.
4. Lucy will make herself known.
5. I saw the little girl dancing.
基本句型 五
S +V +P(主+系+表)
特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意
思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构
成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫
做(连)系动词。
e.g. 1.This is an English dictionary.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers who were listening to an important report made by a reporter from the People's Daily about current affairs in East Europe.
报的一位记者作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。
翻译:我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的 一位同志作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。
???分析结构: 我们 发现(谓语) 大 礼堂 full of 学生和老师(复数) who 在听(谓语)重要 报告 made by 一位同志 from 人民日报 about 目前局势 in 东欧。
SV 2.My grandma is sleeping now. 3.I will stay in Shanghai for a week.
4.Lucy arrived in Beijing yesterday
基本句型 二
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达 完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
▪ leave(留给某人……), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb)
▪ pass(递给某人……), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)
▪ read(给某人读……), read sb sth (read sth to sb)
▪ write(给某人写……), write sb sth (write sth to sb)
▪ pay(支付给某人……), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb)
▪ buy(为某人买……), buy sb sth (buy sth for sb)
▪ do(为某人做……) do sb sth (do sth for sb)
▪ sing(为某人唱……) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb)
4)表示状态延续:stay, keep, remain, stand等。
▪ 1.Plants need water.
S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 )
▪ 2.The flower is so fresh.
S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表)
▪ 3.They work hard.
S +V
(主 + 谓 )
常见的可以接双宾语的动词有
▪ tell(告诉某人……), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb)
▪ send(送给某人……), send sb sth (send sth to sb)
▪ give(给某人……), give sb sth (give sth to sb)
▪ bring(带给某人……), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)
▪ save(为某人留……) save sb sth (save sth for sb)
▪ fetch(为某人去取……) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)
基本句型 四
S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾
语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充 成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
基本句型四: S +V +O +OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型五:S + V + P
(主+系+表)
基本句型 一
S(subject) +V(verb)(主+谓)
特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、 介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g.1. His பைடு நூலகம்ords works.
▪ take(给某人拿……), take sb sth (take sth to sb)
▪ show(给某人看……), show sb sth (show sth to sb)
▪ teach(教给某人……), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb)
▪ lend(借给某人……), lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb)
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了老师和学生。
We found the great hall full of students and
teachers who were listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报 告。
英语五种基本句型
英语句子长短简繁不一,表面上似乎难以捉摸,
但可以从实质上发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。 即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或 倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结 构的基础。
基本句型一:S +V
(主+谓)
基本句型二:S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型三: S +V +O1 +O2 (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
▪ The boy found his pen on the floor.
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型 和意思:
I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。( S V O )
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C)
6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 复合句
7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus. 复合句
基本句型的扩展: e.g. We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
S+V
(主 + 谓)
翻译练习:
▪ 春天时公园看起来很漂亮。 ▪ The park looks beautiful in spring. ▪ 老师答应过和我们去看电影。 ▪ Our teacher promised to see the movie with us. ▪ 昨天我送了生日礼物给她。 ▪ I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday. ▪ 我们必须保证教室整洁。 ▪ We must keep the classroom clean. ▪ 男孩发现他的笔在地上。
We found the great hall full of students and
teachers who were listening to an important report _m_a_d_e__b_y_a__r_e_p_o_r_te_r_from the People's Daily about
▪ 4.He gives me some seeds.
S +V +In O + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾)
▪ 5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)
▪ 6.Many animals live in trees.
▪ play(为某人演奏……) play sb sth (play sth for sb)
▪ cook(为某人煮……) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb)
▪ choose(为某人选择……) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb)
▪ make(为某人做……) make sb sth (make sth for sb)
▪ return(还给某人……) return sb sth (return sth to sb)
▪ hand(递给某人……) hand sb sth (hand sth to sb)
▪ throw(扔给某人……) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb)
▪ get(为某人弄到……), get sb sth (get sth for sb)
练习翻译:王国平从北京大学毕业之前,他给在北京一家医 院工作的爸爸写了一封信,问他是否愿意让他出国。
???分析结构: before 他graduate from 北京大学, 王国平 写了(谓语)一封信 to 爸爸, who 在医院工作 in 北京, asking (非谓语)他是否愿意让他出国
Before he graduated from Beijing University, Wang Guoping wrore a letter to his father, who works at a hospital in Beijing, asking if he would like him to go abroad.
SV
P
2.Everything looks different.
3.The weather becomes cooler.
常见的系动词: 可分四类: 1)be动词am, is, are, was, were, being, been, be 等; 2)感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3)表示变化:get, grow, become, turn, go等
总结:遇到长句子的翻译不着急,动笔前,仔细阅读原句, 确切理解原句内容,抓住中心,搞清楚各部分之间关系,把句 子缩小再缩小,缩小到只剩下五个基本句型中的主要成分,先 心译,再笔译,心译过程中,要有句子时态规划,名词单复数 等盘算,然后再一步步扩大句子,添加修饰成分,直至完整, 再笔译。这种方法叫做孙悟空变金箍棒的方法:缩小缩小再缩 小,放大放大再放大。
按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种: 简单句, 并列句,复合句
e.g. 1) The teacher’s name is Smith. 简单句
2) The teacher’s name is Smith and the student’s name is John. 并列句
3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. 复合句 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking.并列句 5) Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 并列句
基本句型 三
S +V +O1 +O2(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受 者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为
S +V+O2+prep.+O1
e.g. 1. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me. 2.She passed him a new dress. 3.John told me his idea. 4. His father bought him a computer.
e.g. 1. We like the movie. SV O
2. My sister is writing a letter at this moment.
3. Jack enjoys collecting stamps. 4. I don’t know which school he is in.
判断原则:能表达成—宾语 是…/做…
e.g. 1.We made him the manager.
SV O
OC
2. We must keep the classroom clean.
3. They consider Jack a brave boy.
4. Lucy will make herself known.
5. I saw the little girl dancing.
基本句型 五
S +V +P(主+系+表)
特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意
思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构
成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫
做(连)系动词。
e.g. 1.This is an English dictionary.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers who were listening to an important report made by a reporter from the People's Daily about current affairs in East Europe.