新概念英语第二册：第28课课文详解及语法解析

【导语】新概念英语⼀共144课。

整本书⽆论是语法还是词汇，题材还是语句，都有其出彩之处。

正是因为如此，新概念英语更是经久不衰，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的喜爱。

为您整理了“新概念英语第⼆册：第28课课⽂详解及语法解析”，希望可以帮助到您！
课⽂详注 Further notes on the text
1.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 贾斯珀·怀特是少有的相信古代神话的⼈之⼀。

在第21课的课⽂详注中，我们曾经提到“one of +名词/代词”这个结构，of后⾯的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连⽤的动词必须是单数：
One of your friends is waiting for you now.
你的⼀位朋友正在等你。

课⽂中who代指的是one of those rare people，所以动词⽤believes。

2.… but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.………但⾃从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发⽣了摩擦。

ever since的语⽓⽐since强，表⽰“从那以后⼀直，主句⼀般⽤完成时：
I've been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.
⾃从我的孩提时代起，我就对飞⾏⼀直感兴趣。

He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.
他去年离开了这座村庄，从那以后⼀直没有回去过。

3.Jasper has put up‘No Parking’ signs outside his gate…贾斯珀曾把⼏块“禁⽌停车”的牌⼦挂在⼤门外边……
put up在这⾥表⽰“挂起”、“竖起”等意思。

4.Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和司机们都变成⽯头。

(1)she指的是蛇发⼥怪美杜莎。

根据希腊神话，凡看她⼀眼的⼈都会变成⽯头。

(2)turn在这⼉的意思是“把……变成”，是及物动词：
They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.
他们把那的风景胜地变成了⼀个丑陋的地⽅。

语法 Grammar in use
1.现在完成时
在第4课的语法中我们讲过与现在完成时连⽤的副词和副词短语，其中包括before(now)，so far， up to/till
now，just，already，now，ever，never等;还讲过有些⽤现在完成时的句⼦不需要任何表⽰时间的词。

注意以下句⼦：
This is one of the worst photos I've ever taken.
这是我照过的最差的相⽚之⼀。

What a good film!
这电影真好!
Yes, I've never seen such a good film before.
是的，我从来没看过这么好的电影。

How many times have you had that dream?
那个梦你做过⼏次?
I've had it three times so far.
迄今为⽌我已做过3次。

除了这些词以外，since和for也常与现在完成时连⽤，表⽰直到现在的时段。

since⼀般与⼀个时间点连⽤，for⼀般与⼀个时间段连⽤：
How long have y0u been a doctor?
你当医⽣有多久了?
I've been a doctor since 1989.
⾃1989年以来我⼀直是个医⽣。

How long have you worked at the library?
你在图书馆⼯作多久了?
I've worked at the library for a week.
我来图书馆⼯作已经⼀星期了。

I've lived here since 1980.
⾃1980年起我就住在这⼉。

I've lived here for five years.
我已在这⾥住了5年了。

2.关系从句(Relative clauses)及关系代词(Relative pronouns)
在第1册第121～124课中，我们已接触到关系从句。

关系从句⼜可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词⼀样可以形容⼈、物及事件。

关系从句可分为限定性(defining)关系从句(不带逗号)和⾮限定性(non-defining)关系从句(带逗号)。

我们在这⾥只讨论限定性关系从句。

可以⽤来表⽰⼈的关系代词有who，whom和that以及所有格形式whose，⼝语中whom经常由who代替。

⽤来表⽰事物和动物的关系代词有 which和that。

不论这些关系代词指的是单数还是复数，其形式都保持不变。

关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以：
This is the photo (that/which) I took.
这是我拍的照⽚。

(the photo为took的宾语，that/which代替the photo，可省略)
The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.
我接待的那个⼈戴着⼀顶帽⼦。

(who/whom为served的宾语，可省略)
The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.
接待我的是站在柜台后⾯的那位⼥⼠。

(who为关系从句的主语，不可省)
I bought the books which are on the counter.
我买的就是柜台上的那些书。

(which为关系从句的主语，不可省)
The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.
有个⼉⼦⼀周前从家⾥逃⾛的那位百万富翁不是个慈⽗。

(whose在关系从句中作定语，不可省)
The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.
接待我们的是站在柜台后⾯的那⼏位姑娘。

(who代替复数名词the girls，形式不变)。