定语从句归纳总结

定语从句归纳总结
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

在主句中充当定语成分。

被修饰的词叫先行词。

1. 定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3. 定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词之后。

4. 引导词：引导定语从句的词。

关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
关系畐U词：when/where/why
5. 引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前。

【as除外】
6. 引导词的功能：
连接先行词和定语从句。

在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

7. 定语从句的类型：
限定性定语从句。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you ' re talking to is my friend.
②由介词+关系代词引导
The man to whom you ' re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a
letter.
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whomI talked at the meeting is from Beijing
University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was
built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built
in the 17th century.
非限定性定语从句。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句。

②由介词+关系代词引导。

I live in a house far away from the city, in front
of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on
which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③由“代词/ 名词+of+whom/which ” 或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom指物用which)引导。

One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either 等词、
数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which 连用。

He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：Wehave three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。

但要注意以下区别。

1. 在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2. 非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。

The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
3. 在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略。

指人做主语时只能用who，做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语，宾语都用which;关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。

The man, _____ is sitting on the chair, is my
father.
The woman, ______ I met yesterday, is my English
teacher.
The city, ______ is far away, is very beautiful.
He went to America, ______ h is parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday, _____ I left, too.
引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
=The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
/who/that 指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又
作定语从句的宾语。

①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。

Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
②当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+ whom指人时
介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。

The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语如look for, take care of 等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。

She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
:指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。

Whose+n.一起在
定语从句中充当主语、宾语即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose 不能省略。

Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn ' t find the desk whose leg was broken.
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.
The boss in whose company I work is very kind.
/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾
语。

①当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。

②当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+ which(指物时
介词后的关系代词只能用which) o
The house which/that was destroyed in the
earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注：介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom 指物用which)。