2020中考英语语法：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

【导语】⽔滴⽯穿，绳锯⽊断。

备考也需要⼀点点积累才能到达好的效果。

为您提供2020中考英语语法讲解。

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1.共同点：
现在完成时和⼀般过去时都表⽰⼀个在过去完成的动作。

2.区别：
①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产⽣的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。

⽽⼀般过去时只表⽰动作在过去某⼀时刻发⽣，不表⽰和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发⽣变化。

Who opened the door? (“谁开的门?”只强调过去开门这⼀动作，门现在可能已关上。

)
Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了?”强调门现在依然还开着。

)
②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连⽤，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。

如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应⽤⼀般过去时。

再有，过去发⽣的⼀个动作，如现在情况已经发⽣的变化，也应⽤⼀般过去时。

☆特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表⽰“⾃过去某⼀时间⼀直延续到现在”，应⽤现在完成时。

He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.
I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.
My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.
③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连⽤，when后只⽤⼀般过去时表⽰已发⽣的动作。

但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连⽤。

如：Where have you been? (你去过哪⾥了?)
--The train has left.
--When did the train leave?
④since引导的时间状语从句后⾯⽤⼀般过去时，只有前⾯的主句才⽤现在完成时。

We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
⑤有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与⼀般过去时连⽤，⼜可以与现在完成时连⽤，但内涵不同。

与⼀般过去时连⽤时，表⽰与“现在”⽆关，时间已成为过去。

⽽与现在完成时连⽤，则表⽰包括“现在”在内。

I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。

)
I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。

)
He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。

)
He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。

)
同步练习
动词填空：
1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday.
2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer?
3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?
--I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.
4.When ______you______(start) to live in China?
5.--The train______ (leave) already.
--When ______ the train ______(leave)?
6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last.
7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks?
8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择：
( ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
-- I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A.did you put; have put
B. have you put;put
C. had you put; was putting
　D. were you putting; have put
( ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.
A. taught; came
B.has taught; came
C. taught; has come
D. has taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It_____ 10 minutes ago. (⼭东)
A. left
B. has left
C. has been left
D.had left
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last _____ you.(重庆) A. saw B. see
C. seeing
D. have seen
( ) 5. -- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? (宁波)
-- Yes, I ____ it yesterday.
A. have visited
B. had visited
C. visited
D. visit
( ) 6. -- Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)
-- I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
( ) 7. --What is the weather like this summer here?
-- There ____ very little rain.
A. has
B. has been
C. are
D. have been
( ) 8. When ____you ____ your dictionary?
A. did; lose
B. has; lost
C. will; lose
D. does; lose
( ) 9. Where ____ you _____? Which answer is not right?
A. are; going
B. have; been
C. did; go
D.are; doing
( ) 10. There ____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have
C. are
D. have been
Keys:
动词填空：
1. saw
2. Did, go
3. have, put, put
4. did,start
5. has left, did, leave
6. met
7. have, been
8. have lost
单项选择：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD。