A model of supplying poplar wood for Iranian paper & wood factories

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全国大学英语CET四级考试试卷及答案指导(2025年)

2025年全国大学英语CET四级考试模拟试卷及答案指导一、写作（15分）CET-4 Writing SectionDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “The Importance of Teamwork”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Sample Essay: The Importance of TeamworkIn today’s fast-paced and highly competitive world, the concept of teamwork has become more crucial than ever. It is often said that one can go fast alone, but to go far, one must go together. This saying underlines the importance of teamwork in achieving common goals effectively and efficiently.Teamwork allows for the pooling of diverse skills and talents, which leads to more innovative solutions and better decision-making. When individuals with different backgrounds and expertise collaborate, they bring unique perspectives to the table, fostering an environment where creativity thrives. Furthermore, working as a team builds a support system, enabling members to rely on each other during challenging times, thus reducing stress and increasing job satisfaction.Another significant benefit of teamwork is the ability to accomplish tasksthat would be impossible for an individual to handle. By dividing work among team members based on their strengths, teams can tackle complex projects, ensuring all aspects are thoroughly covered. This not only improves the quality of work but also accelerizes the completion time.In conclusion, the value of teamwork cannot be overstated. It is through collaboration and mutual support that we can achieve great things, overcome obstacles, and reach our full potential. Embracing the spirit of teamwork is essential for both personal and professional success in our interconnected world.Analysis:•Introduction: The essay begins with a clear statement about the increasing significance of teamwork in the modern era, setting up the main argument.•Body Paragraphs:•The first body paragraph discusses how teamwork enhances innovation and decision-making by combining varied skills and viewpoints.•The second body paragraph highlights the supportive nature of teamwork, emphasizing its role in managing stress and boosting morale.• A third point is made about the efficiency and effectiveness gained from dividing labor according to individual strengths, allowing for thesuccessful execution of complex tasks.•Conclusion: The concluding paragraph reinforces the thesis, summarizing the key benefits of teamwork and linking them to broader concepts ofachievement and personal growth.This sample response adheres to the word limit (156 words), maintains a coherent structure, and provides specific examples to support the main points, making it a strong example for the CET-4 writing section.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题News Item 1:A new study has found that the popularity of online shopping has led to a significant increase in the use of plastic packaging. The researchers analyzed data from various e-commerce platforms and discovered that the amount of plastic packaging used in online orders has doubled over the past five years. This has raised concerns about the environmental impact of e-commerce and the need for more sustainable packaging solutions.Questions:1、What is the main issue addressed in the news?A) The decline of traditional shopping methods.B) The environmental impact of online shopping.C) The growth of e-commerce platforms.D) The advantages of plastic packaging.2、According to the news, what has happened to the use of plastic packaging in online orders over the past five years?A) It has decreased by 50%.B) It has remained stable.C) It has increased by 25%.D) It has doubled.3、What is the primary concern raised by the study regarding online shopping?A) The increase in the number of e-commerce platforms.B) The high cost of online shopping.C) The environmental impact of plastic packaging.D) The difficulty in returning products.Answers:1、B) The environmental impact of online shopping.2、D) It has doubled.3、C) The environmental impact of plastic packaging.第二题Section B: Short NewsIn this section, you will hear one short news report. At the end of the news report, you will hear three questions. After each question, there is a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.News Report:The World Health Organization announced today that it has added the ChineseSinovac COVID-19 vaccine to its list of vaccines approved for emergency use. This move will facilitate the distribution of the vaccine in lower-income countries participating in the COVAX initiative aimed at ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally. The WHO praised the Sinovac vaccine for its easy storage requirements, making it ideal for areas with less sophisticated medical infrastructure.Questions:1、According to the news report, what did the WHO announce?A)The end of the pandemicB)Approval of a new vaccineC)Launch of a global health campaignD)Increased funding for vaccine researchAnswer: B) Approval of a new vaccine2、What was highlighted about the Sinovac vaccine by the WHO?A)It is the most effective vaccine availableB)It requires simple storage conditionsC)It is cheaper than other vaccinesD)It has no side effectsAnswer: B) It requires simple storage conditions3、What is the purpose of the COVAX initiative mentioned in the report?A)To speed up vaccine developmentB)To provide financial support to vaccine manufacturersC)To ensure equal access to vaccines worldwideD)To promote travel between countriesAnswer: C) To ensure equal access to vaccines worldwide三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题Part Three: Long ConversationsIn this section, you will hear 1 long conversation. The conversation will be played twice. After you hear a part of the conversation, there will be a pause. Both the questions and the conversation will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Now, listen to the conversation.Conversational Excerpt:M: Hey, Jane, how was your day at the office today?W: Oh, it was quite a challenge. I had to deal with a lot of issues. But I think I handled them pretty well.M: That’s good to hear. What were the main issues you faced?W: Well, first, we had a problem with the new software we’re tryin g to implement. It seems to be causing some technical difficulties.M: Oh no, that sounds frustrating. Did you manage to fix it?W: Not yet. I’m still trying to figure out what’s wrong. But I’m workingon it.M: That’s important. The company can’t afford a ny downtime with this software.W: Exactly. And then, I had to deal with a customer complaint. The customer was really upset because of a delayed shipment.M: That’s never a good situation. How did you handle it?W: I tried to be understanding and offered a discount on their next order. It seemed to calm them down a bit.M: That was a good move. Did it resolve the issue?W: Yes, it did. They’re satisfied now, and I think we’ve avoided a bigger problem.M: It sounds like you had a busy day. But you did a good job handling everything.W: Thanks, I’m glad you think so.Questions:1、What was the main issue the woman faced with the new software?A) It was causing problems with the computer systems.B) It was taking longer to install than expected.C) It was causing technical difficulties.D) It was not compatible with their existing systems.2、How did the woman deal with the customer complaint?A) She escalated the issue to her supervisor.B) She offered a discount on the customer’s next order.C) She apologized directly to the customer.D) She sent the customer a refund check.3、What was the woman’s impression of her day at work?A) It was uneventful and unchallenging.B) It was quite stressful but rewarding.C) It was a day filled with unnecessary meetings.D) It was a day where she didn’t accomplish much.4、What did the man say about the woman’s day at work?A) He thought it was unproductive.B) He felt she had handled everything well.C) He thought she should have asked for help.D) He believed she should take a break.Answers:1、C2、B3、B4、B第二题对话内容:Man:Hey, Sarah. I heard you’re planning to go on a trip next month. Where are you heading?Sarah:Oh, hi, Mike! Yes, I’m really excited about it. I’m going to Japan. It’s my first time there.Man:That sounds amazing! How long will you be staying? And what places are you planning to visit?Sarah:I’ll be there for two weeks. My plan is to start in Tokyo and then travel to Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima. I’ve always been fascinated by the mix of traditional and modern culture in Japan.Man: Two weeks should give you plenty of time to see a lot. Are you going alone or with someone?Sarah:Actually, I’m going with a group of friends from college. We all decided to take this trip together after graduation. It’ll be great to experience it with them.Man:That’s wonderful! Do you have everything planned out, like accommodations and transportation?Sarah:Mostly, yes. We’ve booked our flights and hotels, and we’re using the Japan Rail Pass for getting around. B ut we’re leaving some room for spontaneity too. Sometimes the best experiences come unexpectedly!Man:Absolutely, that’s the spirit of traveling. Well, I hope you have an incredible time. Don’t forget to try some local food and maybe bring back some souvenirs!Sarah:Thanks, Mike! I definitely won’t miss out on trying sushi and ramen, and I already have a list of gifts to buy for family and friends. I can’t waitto share my adventures with everyone when I get back.1、How long is Sarah planning to stay in Japan?•A) One week•B) Two weeks•C) Three weeks•D) One month答案: B) Two weeks2、Which of the following ci ties is NOT mentioned as part of Sarah’s itinerary?•A) Tokyo•B) Kyoto•C) Sapporo•D) Hiroshima答案: C) Sapporo3、Who is Sarah going to Japan with?•A) By herself•B) With her family•C) With a group of friends•D) With coworkers答案: C) With a group of friends4、What has Sarah and her friends prepared for their trip besides booking flights and hotels?•A) They have hired a personal guide.•B) They have reserved spots for cultural workshops.•C) They have purchased a Japan Rail Pass.•D) They have enrolled in a language course.答案: C) They have purchased a Japan Rail Pass.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, check what you have written.Passage:In recent years, the concept of “soft skills” has become increasingly popular in the workplace. These are skills that are not traditionally taught in schools but are essential for success in the professional world. Soft skills include communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and time management.1、Many employers believe that soft skills are just as important as technical skills because they help employees adapt to changing work environments.2、One of the most important soft skills is communication. Effectivecommunication can prevent misunderstandings and improve relationships with colleagues.3、Teamwork is also crucial in today’s workplace. Being able to work well with others can lead to better productivity and innovation.4、Problem-solving skills are essential for overcoming obstacles and achieving goals. Employees who can think creatively and solve problems efficiently are highly valued.5、Time management is another key soft skill. Being able to prioritize tasks and manage time effectively can help employees meet deadlines and reduce stress.Questions:1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of technical skills in the workplace.B) The definition and examples of soft skills.C) The increasing popularity of soft skills in the workplace.D) The impact of soft skills on employee performance.2、Why do many employers believe soft skills are important?A) They are easier to teach than technical skills.B) They are not necessary for most jobs.C) They help employees adapt to changing work environments.D) They are more difficult to acquire than technical skills.3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a soft skill in the passage?A) Communication.B) Leadership.C) Problem-solving.D) Time management.Answers:1、C) The increasing popularity of soft skills in the workplace.2、C) They help employees adapt to changing work environments.3、B) Leadership.Second Part: Listening Comprehension - Passage QuestionsListen to the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.Passage:Every year, millions of people flock to beaches around the world for their vacations. While enjoying the sun and sand, few give much thought to the tiny organisms that make up the very sand they’re lying on. Sand is actually made from rock particles that have been broken down over time by natural processes. However, on some unique beaches, like those found in Hawaii, the sand has a significant component of coral and shell fragments, giving it a distinctive white color. Beaches not only provide relaxation but also play a crucial role in supporting marine life and protecting coastal areas from erosion.Questions:1、What do millions of people go to the beaches for annually?2、What makes the sand on Hawaiian beaches distinctive?3、Besides providing relaxation, what other important role do beaches serve?Answers:1、Vacations.2、The presence of coral and shell fragments.3、Supporting marine life and protecting coastal areas from erosion.第三题PassageThe rise of e-commerce has revolutionized the way we shop. With just a few clicks, customers can purchase products from all over the world and have them delivered to their doorstep. However, this convenience has also brought about some challenges, particularly in terms of logistics and environmental impact.One of the biggest concerns is the environmental impact of packaging. Traditional packaging materials, such as plastic bags and boxes, are not biodegradable and often end up in landfills, contributing to pollution.E-commerce companies have started to address this issue by offering packaging-free options and promoting the use of sustainable materials.Another challenge is the issue of returns. With the ease of online shopping, customers often order more items than they need, leading to a high rate of returns. This not only increases the carbon footprint of shipping but also creates additional waste. Some companies have introduced policies to encourage customers to return fewer items, such as offering incentives for reuse or donation.Despite these challenges, the e-commerce industry is not standing still. There are innovative solutions being developed to make the process more sustainable. For example, some companies are experimenting with drone delivery to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Others are investing in energy-efficient data centers to power their operations.1、What is one of the main concerns related to e-commerce packaging?A)The high cost of shipping materials.B)The environmental impact of non-biodegradable materials.C)The difficulty in recycling packaging materials.2、How does the high rate of returns affect e-commerce?A)It increases the demand for new packaging materials.B)It leads to a decrease in the cost of shipping.C)It creates additional waste and increases the carbon footprint.3、What is an innovative solution being developed to make e-commerce more sustainable?A)The use of reusable packaging.B)The implementation of strict return policies.C)The introduction of drone delivery.Answers:1、B2、C3、A五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）First QuestionPassage:In today’s fast-paced world, conservation has become a major concern for environmentalists and policymakers alike. Preserving natural resources is not just about protecting the environment; it also plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life for future generations. Innovative methods are being explored to achieve this goal, including the use of renewable energy sources and promoting eco-friendly practices in industries.Questions:1、The word “conservation” in the passage most likely means:A) The act of using something economically or sparingly.B) The protection of natural resources from being wasted.C) The process of changing something fundamentally.D) The act of restoring something to its original state.Answer: B) The protection of natural resources from being wasted.2、The word “innovative” in the passage is closest in meaning to:A) Outdated.B) Traditional.C) Creative.D) Unchanged.Answer: C) Creative.3、Based on the context, t he term “eco-friendly” would be best described as:A) Practices that are harmful to the environment.B) Practices that are beneficial to the environment.C) Practices that have no impact on the environment.D) Practices that focus solely on economic growth.Answer: B) Practices that are beneficial to the environment.4、The phrase “sustainable development” in the text refers to:A) Development that uses up all available resources quickly.B) Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.C) Development that focuses only on immediate economic gains.D) Development that disregards environmental concerns.Answer: B) Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.5、When the passage mentions “quality of life,” it implies:A) A decrease in living standards over time.B) An improvement in the overall conditions under which people live and work.C) The absence of any efforts to improve living conditions.D) The focus on increasing industrial activities regardless of their impact.Answer: B) An improvement in the overall conditions under which people live and work.This format closely follows the structure you might find in an actual CET Band 4 exam, with a passage followed by vocabulary questions that test understanding of context and word meanings.第二题Reading PassagesIn today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about current events is more important than ever. One of the best ways to keep up with the news is to read newspapers. However, not all newspapers are created equal. Here is an overview of some of the most popular newspapers in the world.1.The New York Times (USA): Established in 1851, The New York Times is one of the most prestigious and influential newspapers in the world. It covers a wide range of topics, including national and international news, politics, business, science, technology, and culture.2.The Guardian (UK): The Guardian is a British newspaper that has been in circulation since 1821. It is known for its liberal bias and its commitment to investigative journalism. The Guardian covers a variety of issues, including politics, the environment, and social justice.3.Le Monde (France): Le Monde is a French newspaper that was founded in 1944. It is one of the most widely read newspapers in France and is known for its in-depth reporting and analysis of global events.4.The Times (UK): The Times is another British newspaper that has been in circulation since 1785. It is a conservative newspaper that focuses on politics, business, and finance.5.El País (Spain): El País is a Spanish newspaper that was founde d in 1976. It is one of the most popular newspapers in Spain and is known for its comprehensive coverage of national and international news.Vocabulary UnderstandingChoose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided.1、The____________of The New York Times is that it is one of the most prestigious and influential newspapers in the world.a.reputationb.historyc.popularityd.bias2、The Guardian is known for its____________bias and its commitment to investigative journalism.a.liberalb.conservativec.moderated.biased3、Le Monde is one of the most widely read newspapers in France and is known forits____________reporting and analysis.a.shallowb.superficialc.in-depthd.brief4、The Times is a conservative newspaper that focuses on____________issues.a.socialb.economicc.politicald.cultural5、El País is one of the most popular newspapers in Spain and is known for its comprehensive____________of national and international news.a.reportingb.analysisc.coveraged.editorialAnswers:1、a. reputation2、a. liberal3、c. in-depth4、c. political5、c. coverage六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Reading Passage OneIn recent years, with the rapid development of the internet and mobile technology, online learning has become increasingly popular among students. Online courses, such as those offered by MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), provide students with convenient access to high-quality educational resources from around the world. However, despite the benefits of online learning, there are also some challenges and considerations that need to be addressed.1.The following passage is about:A. The advantages and disadvantages of online learningB. The impact of online learning on traditional educationC. The history of MOOCs and their role in educationD. The challenges faced by students in online learning2.According to the passage, what is one of the main benefits of online learning?A. It allows students to study at their own paceB. It provides access to a wider range of educational resourcesC. It increases the interaction between students and teachersD. It reduces the cost of education3.The passage mentions that online learning has become increasingly popular due to:A. The advancements in internet technologyB. The decline of traditional education systemsC. The desire for flexible learning schedulesD. All of the above4.What is one of the challenges mentioned in the passage that online learners may face?A. Limited access to technological devicesB. Difficulty in maintaining self-disciplineC. Lack of face-to-face interaction with teachersD. All of the above5.The passage suggests that in order to succeed in online learning, students should:A. Attend online classes regularlyB. Engage in active discussions with peersC. Set clear goals and deadlines for their studiesD. All of the above答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.D第二题Reading Passage OneThe rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and accessinformation. One of the most significant impacts has been the transformation of education, with online learning becoming increasingly popular. This passage explores the benefits and challenges of online learning.The Benefits of Online Learning1.Flexibility: Online learning offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and on their own schedule. This is particularly beneficial for working professionals and those with other commitments.2.Access to a Wide Range of Resources: Online courses often provide access to a wealth of resources, including textbooks, videos, and interactive materials that can enhance the learning experience.3.Diverse Learning Opportunities: Online learning platforms offer a wide variety of courses, ranging from traditional academic subjects to specialized and niche areas of study.4.Cost-Effective: Online courses can be more affordable than traditional classroom-based programs, especially for those who live far from educational institutions.The Challenges of Online Learning1.Self-Discipline: Online learning requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation, as students must manage their time and stay focused without the structure of a traditional classroom.2.Limited Interaction: Online courses often lack the face-to-face interaction that is common in traditional classrooms, which can impact the learning experience and social development of students.3.Technical Issues: Online learning relies heavily on technology, which can lead to technical issues that disrupt the learning process.4.Quality Assurance: With the proliferation of online courses, ensuring the quality and integrity of these courses can be a challenge.Questions:1、What is one of the main advantages of online learning mentioned in the passage?A. It is more expensive than traditional education.B. It requires students to be self-disciplined.C. It provides flexibility in studying.D. It lacks face-to-face interaction.2、According to the passage, what can online learning platforms offer that traditional classrooms might not?A. Limited access to textbooks.B. Fewer specialized courses.C. More interactive learning materials.D. No video resources.3、Which of the following is a challenge that online learning may present?A. Students can easily attend classes at a local university.B. There are no technical issues with online learning.C. It is difficult to ensure the quality of online courses.D. Online learning is always more affordable than traditional education.4、The passage suggests that online learning can be beneficial for:A. Students who prefer face-to-face interaction.B. Individuals with other commitments.C. Those who want to avoid textbooks.D. People who have no access to technology.5、What is one potential drawback of online learning that the passage discusses?A. The ability to study at any time.B. The use of a wide range of resources.C. The possibility of technical disruptions.D. The convenience of studying from home.Answers:1、C2、C3、C4、B5、C七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading PassagesIn the following passage, there are some blanks. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.The digital revolution is changing the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant changes is the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making.The potential of AI is enormous. It has the potential to transform industries, improve efficiency, and make our lives more convenient. However, with great power comes great responsibility. The ethical implications of AI are complex and multifaceted.1、The passage is mainly aboutA. the benefits of the digital revolutionB. the rise of artificial intelligenceC. the challenges of the digital revolutionD. the ethical implications of AI2、What is the main concern regarding AI mentioned in the passage?A. Its potential to disrupt traditional industriesB. Its potential to replace human jobsC. Its potential to be used for unethical purposesD. Its potential to cause social inequalities3、The author suggests that AI has the potential to。

河北省石家庄市部分学校2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题

河北省石家庄市部分学校2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题一、阅读理解Binh Ba, also called Lobster Island, is a small isolated island located in Cam Binh commune, Cam Ranh city, Khanh Hoa province. The island is 15km away from Ba Ngoi harbor.Highlights: Binh Ba still maintains its natural beauty because it is effectively guarded by the military. There are seven splendid beaches on the island including Hon Co, Bai Chuong, Old House, Cay Me, Bai Rua, Bai Nom and Bo De but only three beaches namely Bai Nom, Old House and Bai Chuong are accessible.What to do: The most beautiful beach on the island is Bai Nom. A stretch of smooth white sand and mountains in two sides with enormous stones on the top create an impressive are shaped (弧形) coastline. It is the only beach where you cannot see dawn and sunset.Old House beach is the place where the water is cleanest. However, because of the rocks, it is a little uncomfortable if you want to swim here. There are many colorful coral reefs under and over water in Old House beach, so you can try underwater diving or sitting on a boat to explore them.Although Bai Chuong beach is not as glorious as the other two, it is on ideal place for watching the sunrise on Binh Ba island. Furthermore, the island fascinates visitors with wild scenery, cheap seafood and friendly locals. This is also a wonderful location for photo shooting.When to visit: The days between March and September are considered the best period to visit the beaches in Binh Ba.Note: If you are a foreign visitor on the island, don’t be curious and break the rule in the restricted area.1．Why has Binh Ba been able to remain unspoiled?A．It has few tourist facilities.B．It is frequently visited by tourists.C．It is well- protected by the soldiers.D．It is surrounded by modern buildings.2．On which beach can tourists probably see the sunset?A．Hon Co.B．Old House.C．Bai Nom.D．Bai Rua.3．What can tourists do on Bai Chuong beach?A．Eat dinner on a boat.B．Relax on large rocks.C．Explore beautiful coral reefs.D．Mix with local people.As a young boy playing along the beaches of Vancouver Island, David Katz was astonished by the amount of plastic waste washing up on the shore. This image of marine plastic pollution left an impression on his memory and sparked his desire to address the issue and make a meaningful difference.In 2013, Katz translated his passion into action by creating Plastic Bank — a social enterprise aimed at reducing the amount of waste plastic in our oceans while enhancing the lives of people living in vulnerable (易受攻击的) coastal regions.The Plastic Bank model centers around collection communities that exchange waste plastic for income. After community members drop off their plastic and receive payment, Plastic Bank recycles the collected plastic and generates Social Plastic feedstock (原料). This recycled material re-enters the supply chain, reducing the need to produce new plastic while supporting plastic circularity (循环) — using plastics more effectively by keeping the material in use for longer, then recovering it to make new products.Over the years, the organization has achieved remarkable milestones. From its initial pilot project in Alaska to mobilizing over 550 recycling communities in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa, Plastic Bank has stopped over 100 million kilograms of plastic from polluting our oceans.“We see Plastic Bank as a driving force for inspiring collective action, driving innovation, and creating an environment where recycling is a force for good, helping to uplift disadvantaged communities and protect the planet.” Katz says. “Our initiatives in the pipeline aim to expand the reach of our movement, helping to make it accessible to all who wish to contribute to a regenerative and circular economy future.”4．What inspired David Katz to solve the problem of ocean plastic pollution?A．His desire to make a living.B．His early childhood experience.C．His interest in wildlife conservation.D．His work with environmental organizations.5．What is paragraph 3 centred on?A．How Plastic Bank operates.B．Who Plastic Bank benefits.C．What types of plastic Plastic Bank collects.D．Where recycling communities are located.6．What can we know about Plastic Bank from the last two paragraphs?A．Plastic Bank focuses on technology.B．Plastic Bank experienced some failures.C．Plastic Bank aims to produce new plastic.D．Plastic Bank has a global reach and impact.7．How does David Katz view the future of Plastic Bank?A．Doubtful.B．Optimistic.C．Skeptical.D．Negative.While remote and hybrid working arrangements can enhance employees’ work-life balance, new research suggests they might be hindering (阻碍) innovation.The study found that staff who worked in a hybrid model were less likely to come up with innovative ideas than colleagues who always worked in the office. And staff working from home tended to produce lower quality innovative ideas than those who always worked in the office.“Innovation in the workplace can occur through random, spontaneous (自发的) ‘watercooler’ conversations between employees,” explained lead researcher Dr Christoph Siemroth.” However, these ‘productive accidents’ are less likely to occur when employers work from home. Our research has found that innovation is suffering as a result.”The study followed over 48,000 employees from a large Indian IT company during periods of working from the office, working from home, and hybrid working. Innovation is not a core part of their work, but the company has taken significant steps to cultivate a culture where allemployees see innovation as a key part of their job, with the company offering financial rewards to encourage innovation at work.The employees write up ideas about process improvements, cost-saving measures, or new products, which are then evaluated by the company and either implemented or deserted.While the quantity of ideas did not change during the working from home period compared to working in the office, the quality of ideas suffered. During the later hybrid period, the quantity of submitted ideas fell and innovation suffered, particularly in teams which did not coordinate (协调) when they worked at the office or from home.“Our findings imply that companies should take steps to coordinate when employees are in the office. Innovation does not work well if half the team is in on Mondays while the other half is in on Wednesdays. Instead, set days when the whole team is expected in the office. While this limits the flexibility of hybrid work, our results suggest that innovation benefits as a result,” said De Christoph Siemroth.8．How did the researchers conduct the study?A．By observing daily office interactions.B．By comparing companies’ innovation.C．By interviewing a number of employees.D．By analyzing innovation in different work models.9．What does paragraph 4 mainly discuss?A．The role of financial rewards.B．The company’s innovation efforts.C．The challenges of hybrid work.D．The process of idea. evaluation.10．What can we infer from Dr Siemroth’s words?A．Employers strongly oppose hybrid work.B．Remote work improves employee happiness.C．Face-to-face interactions are key to innovation.D．Innovation suffers when employees are in the office.11．What is the best title for the text?A．How Remote Work Benefits EmployeesB．How Employees Balance Work and LifeC．Working from Home Is Blocking InnovationD．Companies Are Taking Steps to Boost InnovationNo one, except maybe Sesame Street’s Oscar the Grouch, wants to consume food that most people think of as garbage. But if everyone ate food that might otherwise be thrown out-say, strange animal parts or milk that’s close to its sell-by date — we’d significantly reduce the impacts of human-caused climate change.“Addressing food waste turns out to be one of the biggest climate solutions of them all.” said climate scientist Jonathan Foley, who serves as executive director of the climate solutions think tank Project Drawdown.According to the food waste reduction nonprofit ReFED, 38% of the U. S. food supply goes uneaten. All of the processes involved in making food, from clearing land and raising cattle to packaging and cooking ingredients, contribute to one-third of the world’s planet warming pollution. The food waste that ends up rotting (腐烂) in landfills is particularly problematic.“It causes methane (甲烷) to go into the atmosphere as well, and that’s a really powerful greenhouse gas.” Foley said. Methan e traps more heat than carbon dioxide, which causes global warming. An estimated 50% of methane emissions are human-caused and come largely from agriculture, fossil fuel s and food waste rotting in landfills.Restaurants are in a suitable position to help solve this problem. According to research from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, people are spending more on eating out in this country than they are at home, and the restaurant industry was responsible for almost 10 million tons of leftover food in 2022, according to 2022 data from ReFED．Restaurants can make small practical changes, like reducing or customizing portion (分量) sizes.” That’s a big one,” said Roni Neff, an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health who studies food systems and waste.” Seventy percent of the food that’s wasted in restaurants is happening after it’s served to people on their plates.”Neff said restaurants can also simplify their ordering processes so extra food isn’t sitting around. And then there are the chefs. “They can help to shape people’s views, expand our ideas of what’s good food. And they can also shift behaviors in easier ways.” he said.12．How does food waste harm the climate according to the text?A．It causes damage to agriculture.B．It decreases greenhouse gas emissions.C．It raises energy use in food production.D．It leads to the release of a greenhouse gas.13．What is the purpose of paragraph 5?A．To criticize food waste in restaurants.B．To suggest government take measures.C．To stress restaurants’ role in waste reduction.D．To emphasize the growing trend of eating out.14．What can restaurants do to reduce food waste?A．Restrict the business hours.B．Offer rotted food to customers.C．Serve large portions to please customers.D．Adjust meal sizes to match customers’ needs.15．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to?A．Chefs.B．Customers.C．Food systems.D．Ordering Processes.When you walk into a room, do you shine with confidence? Do you believe in yourself? If not, we’re here to help you go after your dreams and tackle your fears. We’ll tell you exactly how to gain self-confidence so you can take the world by storm. It’s time to embrace life and conquer your goals, so let’s get started!Celebrate your small successes. Recognizing your accomplishments helps you see how truly amazing you really are. 16 Take a moment to enjoy your achievements and the progress you’re making toward your goals. Take pride in things like baking an amazing pie or winning an award at work or school.17 Everyone is good at something, so focus on areas where you’re the best. Write down everything you do well, and take pride in your talents. When you’re feeling down, read your list of strengths so you can remind yourself how amazing you are. Your list might include: creative, helpful. smart, thoughtful, and a great dancer.Use positive self-talk to counter negative thinking. 18 Luckily, you have thepower to change negative thinking. Do your best to replace your negative thoughts with positive or neutral statements. Additionally, use positive affirmations (肯定) to improve your self worth.Accept compliments (称赞) gracefully. When someone compliments you, it means they recognize something amazing about you. 19 Instead, smile and thank the person for the compliment. You deserve it! You can add the compliment to your list of strengths about yourself and use it to boost your self-confidence.Stop comparing yourself to others. You are one-of-a-kind, so you’ re not going to be like everyone else. Plus, you’re only seeing a snapshot of other people’s lives, so any comparisons you make aren’t fair. Instead of using others as a measuring stick for success, use your past self.20A．List your strengths.B．Do things you enjoy.C．Don’t let your inner critic dismiss their kind words.D．Everyone copes with failure, even very successful people.E．That way, you can focus on creating a life that makes you happy.F．Even small milestones on your journey to success are significant.G．We all have an inner critic and it can totally weaken your confidence.二、完形填空In August 2014, my 9- year- old daughter, Riley, attended a summer sleep- away camp. At around 1:30 a.m., my wife and I received a(n) 21 call from the camp, informing us that Riley had collapsed and was being 22 to the hospital. We were told to get there 23 .I was in no state to 24 , so I booked an Uber and entered the hospital’s 25 .When I got into the car, I 26 explained the situation. The driver, sensing my 27 , said, “I have three kids of my own. Don’t worry, and I’ll get you there.” His calmness and understanding as a fellow 28 made me feel more at ease during the stressful ride.After what felt like hours, we eventually 29 it to the hospital. The hospital staff quickly 30 me to Riley’s room. She looked pale but was in a 31 condition. The doctors had managed to get her condition under control. They explained that she had 32a sudden, severe inflammation (发炎) that had temporarily blocked her airway, making it difficult for her to 33 . It had been a close call, but she was now receiving the best possible care.Although it was one of the most 34 nights of my life, the kindness of that Uber driver was unforgettable. His act of 35 helped me get to my daughter when I needed it most, and I will always be grateful for his help.21．A．reasonable B．predictable C．scheduled D．unexpected 22．A．raced B．walked C．seized D．dragged 23．A．hesitantly B．immediately C．occasionally D．permanently 24．A．jog B．fly C．cycle D．drive 25．A．profile B．number C．address D．email 26．A．briefly B．quietly C．slowly D．lightly 27．A．comfort B．interest C．urgency D．distraction 28．A．child B．parent C．teacher D．doctor 29．A．sent B．held C．took D．made 30．A．guided B．invited C．rescued D．ordered 31．A．complex B．critical C．stable D．silent 32．A．suffered from B．come across C．focused on D．looked into 33．A．swallow B．breathe C．cry D．sing 34．A．normal B．typical C．confusing D．frightening 35．A．attention B．compassion C．honesty D．curiosity三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

第03章要素禀赋理论(英文习题)答案

CHOICE QUESTIONS（ D ）1. Which of the following suggests that a nation will export the commodity in the production of whicha great deal of its relatively abundant （adj. 丰裕的）and cheap factor is used?a. The Linder theory（林德理论）b. The product life cycle theory （产品生命周期理论）c. The MacDougall theoryd. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory （赫克歇尔-俄林理论）（ C ）2. According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation willa. Export that product for which a large amount of the relatively scarce（adj. 稀缺的）resource is usedb. Import that product in the production of which the relatively abundant（adj. 丰裕的）resource is usedc. Import that product in the production of which the relatively scarce resource is usedd. Export and import simultaneously that product for which a large amount of the relatively scarceresource is used（ B ）3.The Leontief paradox （里昂惕夫之谜）questioned the validity （n. 有效性）of the theory of:a. Comparative advantageb. Factor endowments （要素禀赋）c. Overlapping demands （重叠需求）d. Absolute advantage（ C ）4. According to H-O theorem（H-O定理）, differences in（）determine relative price levels and the pattern of trade.a. Technology levelb. Consumers’ preference （消费者偏好）c. The relative abundance of resourcesd. Transportation costs（ A ）5. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internaldistribution （n. 分配）of national income in Country A will change in favor of （有利于）:a. Laborb. Landc. Both labor and landd. Neither labor nor land（ D ）6. The trade model of the Swedish economists Heckscher and Ohlin maintains（v. 认为）that:a. Absolute advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradeb. Comparative advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradec. The division of labor （劳动分工）is limited by the size of the world marketd. A country exports goods for which its resource endowments （资源禀赋）are most suited（ A ）7. According to the factor-endowment theory, relative price levels differ among nations becausea. The nations have different relative endowments of factorb. The nations have different market scale（市场规模）and market structurec. The nations have different population sized. The nations have different income level（ A ）8. Simply put（简单来说）, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem （斯托珀---萨缪尔森定理）states that:a. an increase in the price of an export increases the income of the resources that it uses intensively inits productionb. an increase in the price of an export reduces the income earned by resources that are used intensivelyin its productionc. an increase in the price of an export reduces the income of all factors that it uses s in its productiond. an increase in the price of an export increases the income of all factors used in its production（ C ）9. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem （斯托尔珀---萨缪尔森定理）suggests that even though free trade may provide overall gains for a country, there are winners and losers. Given this conclusion （n. 结论）, itis not surprising thata. Owners of relatively abundant（adj. 丰裕的）resources and owners of relatively scarce（adj. 稀缺的）factors tend to favor（v. 支持，赞同）free tradeb. Owners of relatively abundant resources and owners of relatively scarce factors tend to favor traderestrictions（贸易限制）c. Owners of relatively abundant resources tend to favor free trade, while （conj. 但是，然而）owners ofrelatively scarce factors tend to favor trade restrictionsd. Owners of relatively abundant resources tend to trade restrictions, while owners of relatively scarcefactors tend to favor free trade（ A ）10. Researchers have increasingly focused on （致力于）the importance of worker skills in the creation of comparative advantage. Investments in skill, education, and training, which enhance （v. 提高，增加）a worker’s productivity, create（）in much the same manner that investments in machinerycreate physical capital （实物资本，有形资本）.a. Human capitalb. Human resourcec. Physical capitald. New taste and preference（ D ）11. Even if the export-revenue （n. 收入，所得）effect, by itself, tends to increase the nation’s welfare, the terms of trade effect may deteriorate so as to lead to a net decline （n. 下降，减少）in the nation’swelfare, the phenomenon is calleda. Leonief paradoxb. Factor intensity reversal （要素密集度逆转）c. Demand reversal （需求逆转）d. Immiserizing growth （悲惨增长）（ B ）12. The statements about prerequisites（n. 前提）of immiserizing growth （悲惨增长）are false:a. A nation’s economic growth is export-biased （adj. 偏向出口的）b. A nation is a small nation （小国）c. A nation’s marginal propensity to import （进口边际倾向）is very highd. A nation’s price elasticity of demand （需求价格弹性）of its export is very low（ C ）13. At constant commodity prices, an increase in the endowment of one factor will increase by a greater proportion the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output ofthe other commodity, the statement is calleda. Factor-price Equalization Theoremb. Stolper-Samuelson Theoremc. Rybczynski Theorem （罗伯津斯基定理）d. H-O TheoremTRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS（T ）1.The factor-endowment theory highlights （v. 强调）the relative abundance of a nation’s resources as the key factor underlying （v. 决定，构成…的基础）comparative advantage.（ F ）2. According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will import that good for which a large amount of the relatively abundant resource is used.Correct: According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will export that good for which a large amount of the relatively abundant resource is used.（T ）3.The Heckscher-Ohlin theory （赫克歇尔---俄林理论）suggests that land-abundant nations will export land-intensive goods（土地密集型产品）while labor-abundant nations will export labor-intensive goods. （T ）4.The factor-endowment theory asserts （v. 断言，宣称）that with specialization （n. 专业化）and trade there tends to occur an equalization （n. 均等）in the relative resource prices of trading partners. （ F ）5.According to the factor-endowment theory, international specialization （n. 专业化）and trade causea nation’s cheap resource to become cheaper and a nation’s expensive resource to become moreexpensive.Correct: According to the factor-endowment theory, international specia lization and trade cause a nation’s cheap resource to become e4xpensive and a nation’s expensive resource to become more cheaper.（T ）6. According to the factor-price-equalization theory （要素价格均等化理论）, international trade results in the relative differences in resource prices between nations being eliminated （v. 消失，排除，淘汰）. （ F ）7.The Leontief Paradox was the first major challenge to the product-life-cycle theory of trade.Correct: The Leontief Paradox was the first major challenge to the factor-endowment theory.（T ）8.The Leontief Paradox suggested that, in contrast to （与…形成对照，与…相比）the predictions of the factor-endowment theory, U.S. exports were less capital-intensive （资本密集型）than U.S.import-competing goods.（ F ）9. Immiserizing growth （贫困化增长，悲惨增长）occurs when export-biased growth generates an improving terms-of-trade effect that adds to the gains of increased output.Correct: Immiserizing growth occurs when export-biased growth generates an worsening terms-of-trade effect that adds to the gains of increased output.（T ）10.Export-biased growth （出口偏向型增长）is based on an expansion of a resource, or an improvement in technology, used intensively （adv. 密集地，集中地）in the production of an export commodity. （ F ）11. According to Rybczynski theorem, an increase in the relative price of a commodity raises the return or earnings （n. 收益）of the factor used intensively in the production of the commodity. At the sametime the real return（n. 收入）to the nation’s scarce factor of production will fall.Correct: According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem（ F ）12. According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, at constant commodity prices, an increase in the endowment of one factor will increase by a greater proportion the output of the commodityintensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity.Correct: According to Rybczynski theorem（T ）13.The factor-endowment theory assumes （v. 认为，假定）that technology and tastes and preferences are approximately the same between countries, and thus it emphasizes the role of relative differencesin resource endowments as the ultimate （adj. 最终的，首要的）determinant （n. 决定因素）ofcomparative advantage.（T ）14.The Factor-Price Equalization （要素价均等化）Theory asserts that a nation with trade finds output expanding in its comparative-advantage industry, which used a lot of the cheap, abundant factor.As a result of the rise in demand for the abundant factor, its price increase. At the same time, theexpensive, scarce factor is being released from the comparative-disadvantage industry; producerswill not be induced （v. 引起，导致）to employ （v. 应用，使用）this factor unless its price falls. Becausethis process occurs at the same time in both nations, each nation experiences a rise in the price ofthe abundant factor and a fall in the price of the scarce （adj 稀缺的）factor. Trade therefore leadstoward an equalization（n. 均等化）of the relative factor prices in the two trading partners （贸易伙伴）. （ F ）15.According to the factor-endowment theory, the United States should import capital-intensive goods, and its export goods should be labor-intensive. However, Leontief （里昂惕夫）concluded thatexports were less labor intensive than import-competing goods （进口竞争产品）.Correct: According to the factor-endowment theory, the United States should export capital-intensive goods, and itsimport-competing goods should be labor intensive. However, Leontief concluded that exports were less capital intensivethan import-competing goods.。

高三英语经济单选题50题

高三英语经济单选题50题1. In the economic field, the term "supply" ______ the amount of a product or service that producers are willing and able to offer.A. refers toB. leads toC. contributes toD. turns to答案：A。

本题考查动词短语辨析。

“refers to”意为“指的是”，在经济领域中，“supply”这个术语指的是生产者愿意并且能够提供的产品或服务的数量，符合语境。

“leads to”意为“导致”；“contributes to”意为“有助于，促成”；“turns to”意为“转向，求助于”，均不符合此处“supply”的意思。

2. The ______ of a company is often determined by its financial performance and market share.A. valueB. costC. priceD. expense答案：A。

本题考查名词辨析。

“value”在此处指公司的价值，公司的价值通常由其财务表现和市场份额决定。

“cost”意为“成本”；“price”意为“价格”；“expense”意为“费用，开支”，这三个词都不符合句子要表达的公司整体的价值的意思。

3. Economic growth ______ an increase in the production of goods and services over time.A. consists ofB. results fromC. depends onD. is made up of答案：A。

本题考查动词短语。

“consists of”表示“由……组成，包括”，经济增长包括随着时间推移商品和服务生产的增加，符合题意。

案例伯尔克造纸公司

D(p) = S(p) + W
练习
• 1，某种产品的市场需求函数为
D(p)=300020p，符合完全竞争的假设，
共有100个同样的企业在该行业生产，每个企业的成本函数为 Ci=30qi+qi2+300 求：（1）每个企业的供应曲线（短期）；（2）市场的供应曲线；（3）市场供求均衡时的价格与供求量。
• A firm owns a patent or copyright; • Natural monopoly: • Government franchise. • The comparative degree of monopoly
厂商的规模——某些行业中的世界最大厂商
行业
最大的厂商销售额(百分美元)
Four Types of Market Structure
• Perfect Competition
• Monopolistic Competition
• Oligopoly • Monopoly
Imperfect Competition
Perfect Competition is the form of market organization in which
Short-Run Price and Output Determination by a Monopolist
D P*
MR Q*
MC = R(Q)C(Q)
the first order
AC
condition:
R/Q=C/Q,or
MR = MC
D
Long-Run Price and Output Determination by a Monopoly

投资学题库17

Chapter17Macroeconomic and industry Analysis1. A top down analysis of a firm starts with ____________.D. the global economy2. An example of a highly cyclical industry is ________.A. the automobile industry3. Demand-side economics is concerned with _______.A. government spending and tax levelsB. monetary policyC. fiscal policyE. A, B, and C4. The most widely used monetary tool is ___________.C. open market operations5. The "real", or inflation-adjusted, exchange rate, isC. the purchasing power ratio.6. The "normal" range of price-earnings ratios for the S&P 500 Index isD. between 12 and 257. Monetary policy is determined byC. the board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.8. A trough is ________.B. a transition from a contraction in the business cycle to the start of an expansion9. A peak is ________.A. a transition from an expansion in the business cycle to the start of a contraction10. If the economy is growing, firms with high operating leverage will experience __________.A. higher increases in profits than firms with low operating leverage.11. If the economy is shrinking, firms with high operating leverage will experience __________.A. higher decreases in profits than firms with low operating leverage.12. If the economy is growing, firms with low operating leverage will experience __________.C. smaller increases in profits than firms with high operating leverage.13. If the economy is shrinking, firms with low operating leverage will experience__________.C. smaller decreases in profits than firms with high operating leverage.14. Industrial production refers to _________.C. the total manufacturing output in the economy.15. GDP refers to _________.D. the total production of goods and services in the economy16. A rapidly growing GDP indicates a(n) ______ economy with ______ opportunity for a firm to increase sales.D. expanding; ample17. A declining GDP indicates a(n) ______ economy with ______ opportunity for a firm to increase sales.A. stagnant; little18. The average duration of unemployment and changes in the consumer price index for services are _________.C. lagging economic indicators19. A firm in an industry that is very sensitive to the business cycle will likely have a stock beta ___________.A. greater than 1.020. If the economy were going into a recession, an attractive industry to invest in would be the ________ industry.B. medical services21. The stock price index and contracts and new orders for nondefense capital goods areA. leading economic indicators.22. A firm in the early stages of the industry life cycle will likely have ________.B. high risk.C. rapid growthE. B and C23. Assume the U.S. government was to decide to increase the budget deficit. This action will most likely cause __________ to increaseA. interest ratesB. government borrowingD. both A and B24. Assume the U.S. government was to decide to decrease the budget deficit. This action will most likely cause __________ to decreaseA. interest ratesB. government borrowingD. both A and B25. Assume that the Federal Reserve decreases the money supply. This action will cause________ to decrease.C. investment in the economy26. If the currency of your country is depreciating, the result should be to ______ exports and to _______ imports.B. stimulate, discourage27. If the currency of your country is appreciating, the result should be to ______ exports and to _______ imports.C. discourage, stimulate28. Increases in the money supply will cause demand for investment and consumption goods to _______ in the short run and cause prices to ________ in the long run.A. increase, increase29. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)A. are for firms that operate in the NAFTA region.B. group firms by industry.D. A and B.30. If interest rates increase, business investment expenditures are likely to ______ and consumer durable expenditures are likely to _________.D. decrease, decrease31. Fiscal policy generally has a _______ direct impact than monetary policy on the economy, and the formulation and implementation of fiscal policy is ______ than that of monetary policy.B. more, slower32. Fiscal policy is difficult to implement quickly becauseA. it requires political negotiations.B. much of government spending is nondiscretionary and cannot be changed.D. A and B.33. InflationA. is the rate at which the general level of prices is increasing.B. rates are high when the economy is considered to be "overheated".D. A and B.Two firms, A and B, both produce widgets. The price of widgets is $1 each. Firm A has total fixed costs of $500,000 and variable costs of 50 cents per widget. Firm B has total fixed costs of $240,000 and variable costs of 75 cents per widget. The corporate tax rate is 40%. If the economy is strong, each firm will sell 1,200,000 widgets. If the economy enters a recession, each firm will sell 1,100,000 widgets.34. If the economy enters a recession, the after-tax profit of Firm A will be ________.C. $30,00035. If the economy enters a recession, the after-tax profit of Firm B will be _______.E. none of the above36. If the economy is strong, the after-tax profit of Firm A will be _______.D. $60,00037. If the economy is strong, the after-tax profit of Firm B will be __________.C. $36,00038. Calculate firm A's degree of operating leverage.A. 11.039. Calculate firm B's degree of operating leverage.C. 29.8640. Classifying firms into groups, such as _________ provides an alternative to the industry life cycle.A. slow-growersB. stalwartsD. A and B41. Supply-side economists wishing to stimulate the economy are most likely to recommendD. a decrease in the tax rate.42. Which of the following are not examples of defensive industries?B. durable goods producers.43. Which of the following are examples of defensive industries?A. food producers.C. pharmaceutical firms.D. public utilitiesE. A, C and D44. ________ is a proposition that a strong proponent of supply side economics would most likely stress.B. Higher marginal tax rates promote economic inefficiency and thereby retard aggregate output as they encourage investors to undertake low productivity projects with substantial tax shelter benefits45. The industry life cycle is described by which of the following stage(s)?A. start-up.B. consolidation.D. A and B.46. In the start-up stage of the industry life cycleA. it is difficult to predict which firms will succeed and which firms will fail.B. industry growth is very rapid.D. A and B.47. In the consolidation stage of the industry life-cycleC. the performance of firms will more closely track the performance of the overall industry.48. In the maturity stage of the industry life cycleA. the product has reached full potential.B. profit margins are narrower.C. producers are forced to compete on price to a greater extent.E. A, B, and C.49. In the decline stage of the industry life cycleA. the product may have reached obsolescence.B. the industry will grow at a rate less than the overall economy.C. the industry may experience negative growth.E. A, B, and C.50. A variety of factors relating to industry structure affect the performance of the firm, includingA. threat of entry.B. rivalry between existing competitors.E. A and B.51. The process of estimating the dividends and earnings that can be expected from the firm based on determinants of value is calledD. fundamental analysis.52. The emerging market exhibiting the highest growth in real GDP in 2007 wasA. China53. The emerging stock market exhibiting the highest U.S. dollar return in 2007 wasA. China54. The life cycle stage in which industry leaders are likely to emerge is theC. consolidation stage.55. Investment manager Peter Lynch refers to firms that are in bankruptcy or soon might be asE. turnarounds.56. A top-down analysis of a firm's prospects starts withD. an assessment of the broad economic environment.57. Over the period 1999-2006, which of the following countries had a change in its real exchange rate that was favorable for U.S. consumers who want to buy its goods?E. Japan58. Over the period 1999-2006, which of the following countries had a change in its real exchange rate that was most unfavorable for U.S. consumers who want to buy its goods?A. Canada59. In recent years, P/E multiples haveB. risen dramatically.60. In recent years, P/E multiples for S&P 500 companies haveD. ranged from 12 to 25.61. The industry with the highest ROE in 2007 wasD. iron/steel.62. The industry with the lowest ROE in 2007 wasE. airlines.63. The industry with the lowest return in 2007 wasA. home construction.64. The industry with the highest return in 2007 wasB. oil equipment.65. Investors can ______ invest in an industry with the highest expected return by purchasing ______.B. not; industry-specific iShares66. Which of the following are key economic statistics that are used to describe the state of the macroeconomy?I) gross domestic productII) the unemployment rateIII) inflationIV) consumer sentimentV) the budget deficitE. I, II, III, IV, and V67. An example of a positive demand shock isE. a decrease in tax rates.68. An example of a negative demand shock isA. a decrease in the money supply.B. a decrease in government spending.E. A and B.69. During which stage of the industry life cycle would a firm experience stable growth in sales?A. Consolidation70. The emerging stock market exhibiting the highest local currency return in 2007 wasB. ChinaE. China71. Sector rotationC. is shifting the portfolio more heavily toward an industry or sector that is expected to perform well in the future.72. According to Michael Porter, there are five determinants of competition. An example of _____ is when new entrants to an industry our pressure on prices and profits.A. Threat of Entry73. According to Michael Porter, there are five determinants of competition. An example of _____ is when competitors seek to expand their share of the market.B. Rivalry between Existing Competitors74. According to Michael Porter, there are five determinants of competition. An example of _____ is when the availability limits the prices that can be charged to customers.C. Pressure from Substitute Products75. According to Michael Porter, there are five determinants of competition. An example of _____ is when a buyer purchases a large fraction of an industry's output and can demand price concessions.D. Bargaining power of Buyers76. Assume the U.S. government was to decide to increase the budget deficit. This action will most likely cause __________ to increaseA. interest ratesB. government borrowingD. both A and B77. If interest rates decrease, business investment expenditures are likely to ______ and consumer durable expenditures are likely to _________.A. increase, increase78. An example of a defensive industry is ________.B. the tobacco industryC. the food industryE. B and CTwo firms, C and D, both produce coat hangers. The price of coat hangers is $1.20 each. Firm C has total fixed costs of $750,000 and variable costs of 30 cents per widget. Firm D has total fixed costs of $400,000 and variable costs of 50 cents per widget. The corporate tax rate is 40%. If the economy is strong, each firm will sell 2,000,000 widgets. If the economy enters a recession, each firm will sell 1,400,000 widgets.79. If the economy enters a recession, the total revenue of Firm C will be ________.A. $1,680,00080. If the economy enters a recession, the total cost of Firm C will be ________.B. $1,170,00081. If the economy enters a recession, the before tax profit of Firm C will be ________.C. $510,00082. If the economy enters a recession, the tax of Firm C will be ________.D. $204,00083. If the economy enters a recession, the after tax profit of Firm C will be ________.E. $306,00084. If the economy is strong, the total revenue of Firm C will be ________.D. $2,400,00085. If the economy is strong, the total cost of Firm C will be ________.C. $1,305,00086. If the economy is strong, the before tax profit of Firm C will be ________.B. $1,050,00087. If the economy is strong, the tax of Firm C will be ________.A. $420,00088. If the economy is strong, the after-tax profit of Firm C will be _______.E. $630,00089. If a firm's sales decrease by 15% and profits decrease by 20% during a recession, the firms operating leverage is ____________?A. 1.33Short Answer Questions90. Discuss the tools of the U.S. government's "demand-side" policy. Include in your discussion of these tools the relative advantages and disadvantages of each in terms of the effect of the use of these tools on the economy.The two tools of the government's "demand-side" policy are fiscal and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxing for the specific purpose of stabilizing the economy. Fiscal policy, once enacted, has the most direct and immediate effect on the economy. However, the formulation and implementation of fiscal policy is extremely slow, as such policy must be approved by both the legislative and executive branches of the federal government. Monetary policy consists of actions taken by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) to influence the money supply and/or interest rates. Monetary policy is relatively easy to formulate and to implement, but has less direct impact on the economy than fiscal policy. The most widely used tool of the FRS is the open market operations, in which the Fed buys or sells bonds for the Fed's account. Buying securities increases the money supply; selling securities decreases the money supply. Open market operations occur daily. Other FRS tools include adjusting the discount rate, which is the interest rate the Fed charges banks onshort-term loans, and altering reserve requirements, which are the fraction of deposits that banks must maintain in cash deposits with the Fed. Reductions in the money supply signal an expansionary monetary policy; lowering reserve requirements increase the money supply, and thus, stimulate the economy. The Fed walks a fine line: expansionary monetary policy probably will lower interest rates and stimulate investment and consumption in the short run, but ultimately inflation probably will result.Feedback: The rationale of this question is to ascertain whether the student has an understanding of the basic principles of macroeconomics.91. Discuss the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)'s indexes of economic indicators, and how each of the categories of these indicators might be used by the securities' analyst.The NBER has developed a set of cyclical indicators to help forecast, measure, and interpret short-term fluctuations in economic activity. The leading economic indicators are those that tend to increase or decrease in advance of the rest of the economy. These indicators are used to forecast the state of the economy for the coming period (usually one year). Coincident economic indicators move in tandem with the broad economy, and are used to confirm (or disconfirm) an earlier economic prediction. Lagging economic indicators are those that move after the broad economy, and are used to identify the end of a stage of the business cycle (such as a trough) and as an indication that another stage of business cycle (such as the expansion) is about to begin. The S&P 500 stock index is an excellent leading economic indicator, as would be expected by market efficiency proponents. However, if the stock market anticipates general economic trends, the task of the fundamentalist using economic forecasts to identify attractive industries (and thus stocks) for the future becomes even more impossible.Feedback: The purpose of this question is to ascertain the student's understanding of the widely quoted economic indicators and the usefulness (and lack thereof) in securities' analysis.92. Discuss the industry life cycle, how this concept can be used by security analysts, and the limitations of this concept for security analysis.The industry life cycle may be defined by the following stages: start up (rapid and increasing growth), consolidation (sable growth), maturity (slowing growth), and relative decline (minimal or negative growth). Investors interested in identifying new, and presumably ultimately successful, industries will use this technique, trying to get in on the "ground floor". In the start up stage, no historical data is present; thus, one cannot identify potentially successful firms. However, typically, all of the firms are selling at low prices and the investor will "diversify across the industry" by buying many different stocks in the industry. If the industry becomes successful, the surviving firms will appreciate substantially in value; the non-surviving firms will be written off as losses. Typically, in this stage, firms are paying little or no dividends. Investment in this stage is for the risk-tolerant investor. As the industry moves from the start up to the consolidation stage, firms begin paying or increasing dividends; the surviving firms become more successful, begin to enjoy economies of scale, and are moving up the learning curve in terms of cost efficiency. In the maturity stage, the growth has slowed and dividends may have increased; less risk is involved. By the relative decline stage, the firm has no new exciting capital budgeting projects and may have become an "income stock", by paying out a higher than average level of dividends. At this stage, the stock may be attractive for the risk-averse retiree interested in dividend income. However, the stock must be watched carefully in this stage, as this industry may be dying (buggy whips). However, over the industry life cycle, the clientele for the firms' stocks have changed, from the risk-tolerant to the risk averse.The problem with using this concept for investment purposes is identifying where the industry is in the industry life cycle. In addition, all industries do not move through the cycle in the same fashion. In fact, the goal is to avoid the relative decline stage.Feedback: The purpose of this question is to ascertain whether the student understands the industry life cycle, how the concept can be used by investors, and the limitations of the concept for investors.93. Discuss the ways in which the global economy might have an effect on a firm whose headquarters are in Montana. Be specific - cite some of the relevant factors that should be considered.A firm that operates from Montana cannot ignore the global economy. The firm may make sales to other countries, employ people from other countries, and invest in other countries. It may face price competition from similar firms abroad, be subject to wages that are different from those paid by foreign firms, and management may have less power to do what it wants due to labor unions. Exports of its products and imports will be influenced by the global economy. Interest rates in other countries will determine part of the return on the firm's investments. Exchange rates pose an additional risk if the company wants to repatriate its earnings. Countries' political and economic policies should be considered, with some being more predictable than others. Global markets have some linkages, but there are significant variations in performance among countries.Feedback: This question emphasizes the importance of the global economy, which should not be ignored when doing a macroeconomic analysis.94. List and discuss three of the five determinants of competition suggested in Porter's 1985 study.The determinants are: the threat of entry from new competitors, rivalry between existing competitors, price pressure from substitute products, the bargaining power of buyers, and the bargaining power of suppliers. Each of these is discussed below.Threat of entry from new competitors - If there are high profit margins in the industry, new competitors will be likely to enter. There may be some barriers to entry that existing firms can establish to discourage this. Possible barriers include longstanding relationships with suppliers and buyers, proprietary knowledge or patents, brand loyalty, and experience in the market. Rivalry between existing competitors - This could lead to price competition and lower profit margins. Expansion of one firm cuts into the rivals' market shares. Firms with homogeneous products face price pressure because they are unable to differentiate their products from their competitors' products. High fixed costs might force a company to operate at close to full capacity.Price pressure from substitute products - If firms in related industries produce similar products, the firm may not be able to charge as much for its product. Some examples are carbonated beverages and fruit drinks, paint and wallpaper, and movies and videos. Many other examples may be offered.Bargaining power of buyers - Buyers might have bargaining power if they purchase a substantial proportion of the firm's output. The firm might have to settle for accepting a lower price for its products. The automobile industry is an example given in the textbook. Bargaining power of suppliers - If the firm depends on a supplier to provide much of its inputs, the supplier might demand a higher price. This is especially true if there are no easily available alternative suppliers. Labor unions are cited as an example.Feedback: This question tests the student's understanding of the relationships among industry structure, competitive strategy, and profitability.。

高二英语经济模型单选题50题

高二英语经济模型单选题50题1. In a market, when the quantity of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy equals the quantity that producers are willing and able to sell, it is called ____.A. supplyB. demandC. equilibriumD. surplus答案：C。

解析：本题考查经济术语的理解。

A选项supply表示供给，指生产者愿意并且能够提供的商品数量。

B选项demand表示需求，是消费者愿意并且能够购买的商品数量。

C选项equilibrium意为均衡，在市场中，当消费者愿意且能够购买的商品数量等于生产者愿意且能够销售的商品数量时，就是均衡状态，符合题意。

D选项surplus是过剩的意思，指供给量大于需求量的情况，不符合题目描述。

2. The law of ____ states that, other things being equal, as the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded of the good falls.A. supplyB. demandC. equilibriumD. production答案：B。

解析：本题考查需求定律相关的经济术语。

A选项supply 是供给，与题意不符。

B选项demand需求，需求定律表明在其他条件不变的情况下，当一种商品的价格上升时，该商品的需求量下降，符合需求定律的描述。

C选项equilibrium均衡，和需求定律无关。

D 选项production生产，也不符合题意。

3. An increase in the price of a good usually leads to an increase in ____, as producers are more willing to produce and sell at a higher price.A. supplyB. demandC. equilibriumD. consumption答案：A。

2024年教师资格(初级中学)-英语知识与教学能力(高中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版

2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。

in a theoritical model, decision making

In a theoretical model of decision making, individuals are assumed to gather and process information in a rational and systematic manner in order to arrive at the best possible choice. This theoretical framework often involves weighing the costs and benefits of different options, considering various probabilities and potential outcomes, and evaluating the potential impact of each decision on one's goals and objectives.One common theoretical model of decision making is known as expected utility theory, which posits that individuals make choices based on the expected value of each option, taking into account both the potential gains and losses associated with each possible outcome. This model assumes that individuals are able to accurately assess the probabilities of different outcomes and are able to make decisions that maximize their expected utility or satisfaction.Another influential theoretical perspective on decision making is bounded rationality, which suggests that individuals do not always have the capacity to gather and process all relevant information when making decisions due to cognitive limitations and time constraints. Instead, individuals use heuristics and shortcuts to simplify the decision-making process and satisfice, or choose the first option that meets their criteria, rather than exhaustively searching for the best possible choice.Additionally, some theoretical models of decision making incorporate emotional and motivational factors, recognizing that individuals' choices areoften influenced by their desires, fears, and emotional responses to different options. This may involve considering the role of affective forecasting, or predicting one's emotional reactions to different outcomes, in decision making processes.Overall, theoretical models of decision making provide valuable frameworks for understanding and predicting how individuals make choices in various contexts, and serve as the foundation for further empirical research and practical applications in fields such as economics, psychology, and management.。

岳阳2024年04版小学三年级第九次英语第4单元自测题[含答案]

岳阳2024年04版小学三年级英语第4单元自测题[含答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、What is the term for a story that is not real?A. BiographyB. FictionC. HistoryD. Memoir答案:B2、填空题：I like to collect ______ (纪念品) from my travels. Each one has a special memory attached to it.3、填空题：I enjoy ________ (画画) on weekends.4、听力题：The atomic model describes the arrangement of ______ in an atom.5、填空题：The chemical process of _______ involves combining elements to form compounds. (合成)6、选择题：What is the main ingredient in cereal?A. MilkB. GrainsC. SugarD. Fruit7、填空题：I have a new _______ (背包).8、选择题：What do we call a place where you can buy food?A. StoreB. MarketC. GroceryD. All of the above9、What is the opposite of ‘hot’?A. ColdB. WarmC. BoilingD. Cool10、填空题：I have a collection of ________ (玩具名称) from around the world.11、听力题：The process of ______ can lead to the creation of new habitats.12、填空题：The ancient Romans produced ________ (法律) that influenced modern systems.13、填空题：A kitten learns to hunt by watching its ______ (母亲).14、Which gas do we breathe in?A. Carbon DioxideB. OxygenC. HeliumD. Nitrogen答案: B15、听力题：I can ___ very fast. (run)16、填空题：My cousin is a great __________ (手工艺者).17、填空题：I saw a _____ (鳄鱼) at the zoo.18、听力题：We need to ________ the dishes.19、选择题：What is the main ingredient in tzatziki?A. YogurtB. CucumberC. GarlicD. All of the above20、填空题：The prairie dog lives in _________ (地下).21、填空题：The first successful vaccine was developed by ________.22、听力题：A chemical reaction that releases heat is called _____ (exothermic).23、听力题：We enjoy _____ (watching) the sunset.24、填空题：The _____ (植物细胞) are unique to plants.25、听力题：The chemical symbol for uranium is _____.26、听力题：The child is ___ a song. (singing)27、填空题：My hamster runs on a ______ (轮子) every night.28、听力题：A ____ is known for its hopping abilities.29、How many teeth does an adult human typically have?A. 20B. 24C. 28D. 32答案: D30、What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. ParisC. MadridD. Rome答案:B31、填空题：I love to collect ______ (邮票) from different countries. They are very ______ (特别).32、填空题：I want to _______ (学习)更多语言.33、听力题：A _______ is a reaction that produces sound energy.34、听力题：My favorite color is ________.35、听力题：We take a _____ to school every day. (bus)36、What do we call the marks on a map that represent directions?A. ScaleB. Compass RoseC. LegendD. Grid答案: B37、听力题：The concept of climate policy addresses the need for action on ______ change.38、填空题：The ancient Egyptians practiced elaborate ________ (葬礼).39、What is the main language spoken in Spain?A. FrenchB. ItalianC. SpanishD. Portuguese40、What do you call the part of the plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil?A. StemB. LeafC. RootD. Flower答案:C41、填空题：The ________ (海洋保护) is crucial for ecosystems.42、water quality standards) ensure safe drinking water. 填空题：The ____43、填空题：古代中国的________ (silk) 是一种重要的贸易商品。

3203以前考题

3203以前考题2012A1.垂直整合(a)A manufacturer of pencils contemplates预期backward integration into the production of rape seed oil, a key ingredient in manufacturing the rubberlike material (called factice) that forms the eraser. Rape seed oil 菜籽油is traded in world commodity markets and its price fluctuates as supply and demand conditions change. 价格波动大The argument that has been made in favour of vertical integration is this: “Pencil production is very utilization sensitive利用敏感(i.e. a plant operates at full capacity can produce pencils much cheaper and at much lower cost per unit than a plant that operates at less than full capacity).Owning our own source of supply of rape seed oil insulates us from short run supply and dema nd imbalances and therefore will give us a competitive advantage over rival producers”. Explain why this argument is wrong.(b)What types of transactions are best brought within the firm? Explain your answer and show diagrammatically how decisions to bring these transactions within the firm ultimately determine the vertical boundaries of the firm.画图2011A1.多元化Virgin Group.(a)Whether diversification adds to company value or not is a question about where a company‟s boundary belongs. Explain this statement using your knowledge of theory and discuss its implications for managers.(b)Explain and evaluate the diversification strategy of the Did it create Use your knowledge of theory to support your answer.2010A1.垂直整合Virgin Group.(a) In each of the following situations, why are firms likely to benefitfrom vertical integration?(i) An independently operated grain elevator located at theterminus of a rail way line.(ii) A manufacturer of a product with a national brand-namereputation uses distributors that arrange for advertising andpromotional activities in local markets.(iii) A biotech firm develops a new product that will be produced,tested, and distributed by an established pharmaceuticalcompany.(b) Explain and evaluate the diversification strategy of Did it create Use your knowledge of theory to support your answer.Value AddingThe Virgin Group, as a corporate parent does value to its business. It is achieved by the following points:Understanding of institutionalised MarketsVirgin‟s management team have done well in identifying complacency in the market. It is this expertise/experience coupled with the strategy to offer more for less that has help the Group plough through complacent business industries.Virgin brand name to overcome barriers to entryThe Virgin brand name is a consumer‟s champion and as mentio ned previously is a much respected brand with the British public.Limiting Risk in joint VenturesAny company, corporation or organisation in a joint venture with the Virgin Group has the benefit of limiting its risk in the market place. This reiterates the point made in the last paragraph.Management are not restrictedA flat management structure helps encourage innovation; provides flexibility and promotes the values of shared ownership and responsibility.InnovationVirgin‟s senior staff consists o f individuals with successful careers. The Group acquires like-minded partners in ventures who match their ability to innovate and differentiate.These collective innovative thoughts and ideas are applied directly into business; which most often bare fruit. For example Virgin Mobile formulated partnerships with existing telecommunications operators to retail in mobile services. The Virgin management team successfully identified that the complacency was in the handling of network management. Their innovation led them to promote unique services that shock-up the market. These included “no line rentals”, “no monthly fees” and “cheaper prepaid” offers. Irrespective of the fact that Virgin Mobile did not actually operate it own network it had won the best wireless in the UK. RecommendationsBecome Less DiverseVirgin should become less diverse. Its name has become diluted and its brand a purely endorsement brand. Lessons for the analysis of the environment must be learned. For example brand name alone isn‟t enough. The pubic are sensitive and are attuned corpora te strategies given time. Virgin as a corporate parent can add workable value to its businesses by investing and developing real expertise. Trying to limit risk is a knife that is sharp on both sides. On the one side it inevitably “limits risk”. On the other hand it sends out a contradictory signal to consumers. How can Virgin be “daring” when Sir Richard Branson‟s value adding process is to limit risk? That is a question we should work towards eradicating.Change in StrategyThe Virgin Group should change its policy to accommodate both independent and joint ventures to rely upon short-term profits on a few of its businesses for the sake of raises capital and release the …ring-fenced‟用栅栏维护policy so that important revenue making Virgin Atlantic can be bailed out during the low times. Monies can be returned to the short-term ventures when the busy season arrives. The idea is to not restrict yourself to a policy of philosophy. Philosophies and policies should be such that can strategically change with time and environment.Accounting Year EndEvery effort should be made to bring in line the accounting year end date for all businesses in the Virgin Group to be on the same date. This shall aid towards providing a better picture of thehealth and wealth of the empire.2012A2. competitive advantage(a)Given your knowledge of Kay‟s (1995) Distinctive Capabilities and Strategic Asset战略资产Framework explain how a firm can out-perform rivals超过竞争对手creating a durable competitive advantage in a market.(b)Explain whether you consider the Distinctive Capabilities Framework, discussed in part (a) to be inconsistent with Porter’s concept of strategy, which is based on the issue of market positioning.2011A2. competitive advantage(a)“Competitive advantage, whatever its source, ultimately can be attributed to the ownership of valuable resources that enables the company to perform activities better or more cheaply than competitors”(Collis, D.J. and Montgomery, C.A. Competing on Resources, Harvard Business Review, July–August 2008, 140-150.) Explain this statement. In your answer, characterise resources that are strategically valuable.(b)Outline and evaluate the source of competitive advantage of a firm of your choice. Explain in detail the criteria标准，条件on which you base this evaluation.(a)Davis on the BBCprogramme The WorldsGreatest Money Maker, stated that(b) Kay (2000) argues that Micheal Porter‟s contribution to the field of strategy sheds no light on不能解释why different companies, facing the sameenvironment, perform differently. Do you agree with thisassessment?2012A3.五力(a)“Good industry analysis looks rigorously at the structural underpinnings of profitability” (Porter, M. 2008, The Five Forces that Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, January, p.87). Using an industry of your choice, outline how Porter‟s Five Forces model provides an understanding of the structural underpinnings结构基础of profitability in that industry.(b)Empirical studies have shown that firms in the same industry have different levels of profit and that these differences in profits persist over time. Provide an explanation that reconciles和解，一致this evidence with Porters Five Forces approach to examining the structural underpinnings of profitability of an industry. Support your argument with examples you are familiar with.2011A4.五力(a)Empirical studies have shown that firms in the same industry have different levels of profit and that these differences in profits persist over time.（和上题一样）Critically evaluate Porter‟s Five Forces model and explain how this framework c an be used to analyse the variance in profitability among these firms. In your answer you should refer toexamples that you are familiar with.(b)“Unlike war and sports, business is not about winning and losing. Nor is it about how well you play the game. Companies can succeed spectacularly without requiring others to fail. And they can fail miserably no matter how well they play if they make the mistake of playing the wrong game.” [Brandenburger & Nalebuff (1995) The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, July-August, p. 57]Discuss the relevance of this statement in relation to strategic behaviour. Refer to appropriate theories and frameworks with which you are familiar with in your answer.2010A3.五力(a) “The competitive forces reveal the drivers of industry competition”Porter (2008, p.93). Explain this statement and why an understanding of Porter‟s five forces model is equally important forinvestors as for managers?Make reference to any examples you are familiar with to supportyour answer.(b) Suggest different strategies firms can use to cope with thecompetitive forces and discuss how expanding the overall profit poolof an industry does not reduce the importance of industry structure.Make reference to any examples you are familiar with to supportyour answer.2011A3.Topic 1(a)The stakeholders of a business have conflicting interests resulting in several different business objectives. Explain the various objectives a firm may have and how these might conflict.Use your knowledge of theory and evidence to support your answer.(b)What can we learn from economic theory about how to formulate successful strategies? Make reference in your answer to how stakeholders within organisations may influence the formulation of strategy.2012A4.掠夺竞争(a)Critically analyse the rationality of a predatory pricing strategy and discuss the role asymmetric information plays in the rationality argument. Refer to the cases of predatory pricing you are familiar with in your answer.(b)Discuss how instances of market failure can arise when firms develop strategies that restrict competition in a market. Outline and discuss how competition policy attempts to alleviate these market failures. Use appropriate examples to support your answer.2011A5.竞争法律(a)Discuss how competition policy and competition law can help to prevent and control for market failures. Identify the key issues that must be analysed in competition policy analysis. Give supporting evidence in your discussion.(b)Briefly discuss Irish Competition Policy and its implications for business in Ireland.(c)Discuss the effectiveness of Irish Competition Policy in light of investigations into alleged price-fixing and cartels operating in Ireland. Support your argument with examples discussed in class.2010A4.价格竞争(a) (i) “An action that can be changed l oses strategic effect against arival who thinks strategically” Di xit and Nalebuff (1993, p.143).Explain this statement using the concept of strategiccommitment.(ii) An incumbent firm is considering expanding its capacity to takeadvantage of a recentgrowth in demand. It has two options toconsider. Option (1) is to purchase general purpose assets thatcan be resold at close to their original value if the ventureproves to be unprofitable. Option (2) is to invest in highlyspecialised assets that will lead to increased quality but, oncethey are installed, have no alternative uses and virtually noresale value.Assuming constant production costs throughout, under whatoption is the firm likely to encounter a greater probability thatits competitors will also expand capacity? Explain your answer.(b) …By waiting to invest, a firm preserves its options.‟ Discuss the difficult trade-off which firms can face between making a strategiccommitment and maintaining flexibility.Make reference to any examples you are familiar with to support youranswer.2012A5.表格(a)(i)The Table A5.1 shows the approximate global market shares for players in the beer brewing industry market in 2011. Compute the Hirschman Herfindahl Index for the top twelve largest players.只算前四个=0.052658<0.2C4=(S1+S2+S3+S4)/St=0.052658/0.418=0.126<0.2Herfindahl Index=0.059432<0.2Perfect competition(ii)Would antitrust agencies反垄断机构be concerned to see a Hirschman Herfindahl Index of the magnitude大小you computed in (a)(i)? Suggest mergers between two of these twelve players which antitrust agencies might challenge and mergers between two of these twelve players which they are less likely to challenge? Justify your answer.(b)Discuss the key theoretical economic arguments in favour of mergers. Based on a merger that you are familiar with, outline the key reasons provided by the acquirer for this merger and evaluate whether these were consistent with the theoretical arguments you have identified from the economics literature.Table A5.1 Market Shares of PlayersGlobal Market Share 2011in the Global Beer Brewing IndustryCompany1. Anheuser-Busch InBev NV 18.32.SABMiller Plc 9.23.Heineken NV 8.74.Carlsberg A/S5.65.China Resources Enterprise Co Ltd 5.46.Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd 3.67.Modelo SA de CV, Grupo 2.98.Beijing Yanjing Brewery Co Ltd 2.99.Molson Coors Brewing Co 2.610.Kirin Holdings Co Ltd 2.611.Asahi Breweries Ltd 1.512. Diageo Plc 1.22010A5.表格(a) (i) Table A5.1 shows the approximate market shares for playersin the United States carbonated drinks market in pute the Herfindahl Index for the three largest players inthe carbonated drinks market.=0.3466(ii) Federal antitrust agencies would be concerned to see aHerfindahl Index of the magnitude you computed in(a)(i) andmight challenge any proposed merger between the players inthe industry. Explain why? Could a player respond by offeringa different market definition? What market definition mightthey propose? Why would this change the Herfindahl Index?(b) …Regulation, like any other good, has a supply and a demand.‟Discuss the validity of this statement.Make reference to any examples you are familiar with to supportyour discussion. Table A5.1: Market Shares of Players in the United States Carbonated Drinks MarketCompany PercentageCoca Cola 43.7%Pepsico 31.6%Cadbury/Schweppes 15.8%2012A6Getaway Tours Inc., has estimated the following multiplicative demand function for packaged holidays in Ireland using quarterly data covering the past four years (16 observations):85.15.25.08.310.110IAPAPQ xxyyy−=20 estimate theoferror Stanadard%802==RHere Qy is the quantity of tours sold, Pyis average tour price, Ayis expenditure onadvertising for each tour, Px is the average price of another good, Axis expenditure onadvertising for the other good and I is per capita disposable income.The standard errors of the exponents in the estimated demand function are:. 45.0b and ,9.0b ,35.0 ,5.0b ,04.0IAA xy=====xy pp bbGiven the information presented above, you have been asked by the company to write a report which answers the questions below.。

人教版高二英语必修第一册 Unit 4 单元测试题(含答案)

人教版高二英语必修第一册 Unit 4 单元测试题（含答案）大单元思维知识整合一、重点单词1．gesture n.手势；姿势；姿态2．witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人3．bow vi. 鞠躬；点头 vt. 低(头) n. 弓；蝴蝶结4．incident n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突5．pose n. 故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势vi. 摆好姿势vt. 造成(威胁、问题等)6．bend vt. & vi. (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向7．reveal vt. 揭示；显示；露出8．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清9．lower vt. 把……放低；降低；减少 adj. 下面的；下方的；较小的10．stare vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视11．ashamed adj. 羞愧；惭愧12．merely adv. 只是；仅仅；只不过13．bother vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 n. 麻烦；不便14．weep vi. & vt.哭泣；流泪15．conflict n.矛盾；冲突vi. 冲突；抵触二、重点短语1．vary from ...to ...从……到……不等2．by contrast 相比之下3．look down 往下看；俯视4．by comparison (与……)相比较5．make inferences 推理；推断6．break down 消除；分解；打破7．call on 访问；要求；正式邀请8．get through 度过；熬过；完成；使理解；使明白9．make assessments 做出评估10．be compared to 把……比作11．in other words 换句话说；也就是说12．at the same time 同时13．at work 有某种影响；在工作14．be based on 以……为基础/根据15．come up with 提出三、重点句型1.when doing…当when，while，before，after，unless，as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词2.nothing better than比较级的否定学生表示最高级四、重点用法1.In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.在法国和俄罗斯等国家，朋友见面时可能会亲吻脸颊。

Unit6第六单元Section3+2024新教材高中英语选择性必修一(外研版2019)基础知识复习

Section 3Using language—Language Points一、基础词准确填写1．jungle n. 热带丛林2．disturb v. 打扰，扰乱3．economy n. 经济4．operator n. 经营者5．emission n. 散发物，排放物6．conservationist n. 环境保护主义者二、派生词精准变形1．economy n. 经济→economist n. 经济学家→economic adj. 经济的，经济学的2．operator n. 经营者→operation n.手术，行动，企业→operate v. 运转，操作，动手术3．conservationist n. 保护工作者→conserve v.节省；保护，保存4．endanger v. 使遭受危险，危及→endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→danger n. 危险三、重点短语双向记1．for a while 一会儿2．provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物3．brush off 掸去，删掉4．in turn 轮流，依次5．in particular 尤其，特别6．be involved in/with sth. 涉及或与某事有牵连7．pull off 扯下8．be_concerned_about 对……担心9．be_in_harmony_with 与……和谐10．reach_an_agreement 达成一致四、重点词汇1.(教材P65)This is an amazing experience and a reminder of how many species there are in the rainforest.这是一个令人惊奇的经历，并提醒我们雨林里有多少物种。

◆reminder n. 起提醒作用的东西remind v．提醒，使想起①—You look sleepy today.—Reminded not to miss the flight, I didn't dare to close my eyes the whole night.——你看起来很困。

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷二十三(带答案)

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷二十三(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)词汇1.Improved consumer confidence is ______ to an economic recovery.（分数：3.00）A.subordinateB.cumulativeC.crucial√D.satisfactory解析：消费者信心增强对于经济复苏具有关键性的作用。

2.Don't let such a ______ matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.（分数：3.00）A.trivial√B.partialC.slightD.minimal解析：不要让这么件小事形成我们之间的障碍，以便我们能够将精力集中在主要的事情上。

3.The toy maker produces a ______ copy of the space station, exact in every detail.（分数：3.00）A.minimalB.minimumC.miniature√D.minor解析：玩具制造商生产了一种小型的太空站模型，每一个细节都很精确。

4.They're going to build a big office block on that ______ piece of land.（分数：3.00）A.voidB.vacant√C.blankD.shallow解析：他们打算在那块空地上建造一座办公大楼。

5.They were ______ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.（分数：2.00）A.submergedB.drownedC.immersed√D.dipped解析：他们埋头于科学研究，就连实验室外面发生了什么事情都不知道。

2025届石家庄市第四十中学英语高三上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析

2025届石家庄市第四十中学英语高三上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so. A．vital B．availableC．specific D．similar2．—How was your job interview?—Very successful. I ________ my homework about the company, you know.A．had done B．have doneC．did D．was doing3．Bob was trying to ________ that he knew the famous singer who would perform in our city.A．let out B．lay outC．figure out D．make out4．Nowadays with the development of science, more and more new technology____ to the fields of IT.A．has introduced B．was introducedC．will introduce D．is being introduced5．—In the UK，some people equate life experience with the number of stamps in their passports.—That’s why they all agree that they ________ the “travel bug”．A．catch B．caughtC．have caught D．are to catch6．Ted couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it wasSunday because everybody was at church.A．/, the B．a, /C．/, a D．the, /7．Mary nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping.A．in need of B．on top ofC．in front of D．as a result of8．A lot of food as well as some tents _________to Yushu since the earthquake occurred. A．has been transported B．have been transportedC．is being transported D．are transported9．You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _________ you think your real interests lie.A．that B．whatC．where D．how10．—John, do you know why the suspect was set free?—For lack of ________ evidence.A．solid B．apparentC．ambiguous D．concrete11．_____ that it was sold out when it came out.A．So was her successful book B．So successful was her bookC．So her book was successful D．So successful her book was12．The church which is easily ________ from my home is being rebuilt. A．accessible B．availableC．acceptable D．responsible13．Recently, a programmer criticized the “996” work schedule ______ employees work from 9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week, with the prospect of ending up in an intensive care unit.A．where B．when C．which D．whose14．Will it be ages ______ he goes back to school? I'm so worried about him. A．before B．afterC．when D．as15．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault. A．who B．thatC．as D．what16．I _________ to help you to do homework but I couldn't spare any time. I ________ a composition last night and I'll finish it tomorrow.A．wanted；wrote B．had wanted；was writingC．had wanted；wrote D．wanted；have been writing17．—What do you think of the movie last night?—When I got there it _______, so I only watched the end.A．finished B．had finishedC．was finishing D．has finished18．_______ those past years, we couldn’t help feeling sorry for our parents who never had a rest all the year round.A．Looking back upon B．Looking around C．Looking out D．Looking up 19．It is not surprising that she was elected ______ monitor ;she is ______ very smart girl who has the ability to organize the class well.A．/; the B．/; aC．a;a D．the;/20．________ you recognize an idiom when it is being used, it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear.A．Unless B．AfterC．Once D．Since第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

高一英语经济学理论模型与应用案例单选题40题

高一英语经济学理论模型与应用案例单选题40题1. In economic terms, when the supply of a product is greater than the demand, the price is likely to ___.A.increaseB.decreaseC.remain unchangedD.fluctuate randomly答案：B。

解析：当供大于求时，价格通常会下降。

选项A“increase”（增加）不符合；选项C“remain unchanged”（（保持不变）也不对；选项D“fluctuate randomly”（随机波动）不准确，一般情况下供大于求价格会下降。

涉及经济学词汇有“supply”（（供给）、“demand”（（需求）。

语法上没有特别复杂的地方。

2. Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost in a business?A.raw materialsbor costC.rentD.sales commission答案：C。

解析：固定成本是不随产量变化而变化的成本。

原材料、劳动力成本和销售佣金通常随产量变化，而租金一般是固定的。

经济学词汇有“fixed cost”（（固定成本）、“raw materials”（（原材料）、“labor cost”（（劳动力成本）、“rent”（（租金）、“sales commission”（（销售佣金）。

语法上无难点。

3. If a country's GDP is growing rapidly, it usually indicates ___.A.high unemploymentB.economic recessionC.economic prosperityD.deflation答案：C。

解析：一个国家的GDP 快速增长通常表明经济繁荣。

超市绿化的好处英语作文

Greening a supermarket offers a multitude of benefits that extend beyond mere aesthetics.Here are some of the advantages of incorporating green spaces and plants into a supermarket environment:1.Improved Air Quality:Plants are natural air purifiers.They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen,improving the overall air quality in the supermarket.This is particularly beneficial in large,enclosed spaces where fresh air circulation can be limited.2.Enhanced Customer Experience:A green environment can make the shopping experience more pleasant and enjoyable.The presence of plants can create a calming atmosphere,reducing stress and making customers feel more relaxed.3.Aesthetic Appeal:Green spaces add visual interest to the supermarket,making it more attractive to customers.This can lead to increased foot traffic and potentially higher sales.4.Biodiversity:Introducing a variety of plants can support local biodiversity.This can include providing habitats for beneficial insects,which can help with pest control in the supermarket.cational Opportunities:A green supermarket can serve as an educational tool, teaching customers about different types of plants,their benefits,and how to care for them.6.Sustainability:Greening a supermarket is a step towards a more sustainable business model.It demonstrates a commitment to environmental responsibility and can enhance the supermarkets reputation among environmentally conscious consumers.7.Regulation of Temperature and Humidity:Plants can help regulate the temperature and humidity levels within the supermarket,creating a more comfortable shopping environment.8.Noise Reduction:Plants can absorb sound,reducing noise levels in the supermarket and creating a more peaceful shopping experience.9.Mental Health Benefits:Exposure to nature has been shown to have positive effects on mental health.A green supermarket can provide a brief escape from the stresses of daily life for shoppers.10.Increased Productivity:For employees,working in a green environment can boost morale and productivity.A pleasant working atmosphere can lead to increased jobsatisfaction and reduced absenteeism.Incorporating green spaces into a supermarket is not just about enhancing the visual appeal its about creating a healthier,more sustainable,and more enjoyable shopping environment for both customers and employees.。

Integrated_management

Integrated management systems:moving from function to organisation/decision viewVrassidas Leopoulos,Dimitra Voulgaridou and Evangelos BellosMechanical Engineering Department,National Technical University of Athens,Athens,Greece,andKonstantinos KirytopoulosFinancial and Management Engineering Department,University of the Aegean,Chios,GreeceAbstractPurpose –The integration of management systems is a common need nowadays,thus several paradigms exist in the bibliography for relevant efforts.However,the basic effort seems to be mainly at the direction of aligning processes and documents,taking into account only one of four typical views of organisations’modelling (the function view).Since the function view has been widely studied,this paper aims to focus on the organisation/decision view.Design/methodology/approach –The proposed approach focuses on the integrated management system (IMS)with respect to the organisation/decision view and offers a control mechanism which guarantees that requirements from all standards will be taken into consideration,while it proposes the use of a well-known multi-criteria decision making technique to support the decision makers.The paper focuses on the organisation/decision view,illustrated through a real case from the chemical industry.Findings –It is concluded that the integration of management sub-systems into one IMS should be done with respect to each one of the four enterprise modelling views,namely function,information,resource and organisation/decision view.Research limitations/implications –The proposed approach is general and can be applied to many integrated systems where decisions have to be taken.However,the selection of the analytic network process as a decision support tool implies that the decision involves both qualitative and quantitative criteria.In cases where only qualitative or only quantitative criteria exist,another decision support tool may be superior.Originality/value –The originality of the paper stems from the consideration of the organisation/decision view rather than the function view that mostly appears in literature.Keywords Chemical industries,Companies,Quality Paper type Research paperThe current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at /1754-2731.htmThe authors wish to acknowledge the contribution made by the European Union,which partly funded this research,through the project Green Enterprise:a framework for planning and implementing local level strategies serving sustainable socio economic development.In addition,the authors would like to express sincere gratitude to all the partners of the aforementioned project and the organisation’s managers who provided valuable time and information for the research.Finally,the authors wish to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive critique that helped the improvement of this paper.TQM 22,6594Received March 2009Revised October 2009February 2010Accepted June 2010The TQM Journal Vol.22No.6,2010pp.594-628q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1754-2731DOI 10.1108/17542731011085302IntroductionRising customer expectations as well as the increase in global competition have made quality an important strategic priority.Quality affects the productivity and performance of both industrial and consumer organisations(Forker et al.,1996;Su et al.,2008).Evidence suggests that high quality has a positive impact by signiﬁcantly increasing proﬁtability,through lower operating costs and improving market share (Su et al.,2008;Westlund and Lo¨thgren,2001).On the other hand,increasing regulatory and market pressures have forced companies to consider and initiate implementation of more eco-efﬁcient practices to improve both theirﬁnancial and environmental performance.These two aspects (quality and environmental friendliness)are among the most popular standardized functions and the respective function speciﬁc management system standards are quality with ISO9001:2000and environment with ISO14001:2004(Karapetrovic and Casadesu´s,2009).However,when an organisation has to comply with both standards it should integrate for practical reasons the two function speciﬁc management sub-systems(the one relevant to quality and the other one relevant to environment) to a unique integrated management system(Karapetrovic,2002).By developing and implementing integrated management systems(IMS),most organisations could theoretically“kill both of these birds with one stone”,that is,create a lean system compliant to most regulatory and voluntary standards(Beckmerhagen et al.,2003). The sequence of the integration(quality management systems(QMS)then environmental management system(EMS),EMS then QMS or simultaneous) depends on whether one of the function speciﬁc management sub-systems already exists or the strategy that the organisation wants to follow(Karapetrovic,2002).Thus, the problem of how to develop an integrated management system by integrating two or more function speciﬁc management sub-systems arises.This of course is not the only case where management sub-systems have to be integrated.Several other paradigms exist and the bibliography for how to integrate management sub-systems is quickly growing(Bernardo et al.,2009).However,the basic effort from both the literature and practice seems to be mainly at the direction of aligning processes and merging procedures and documents.Processes documented as a set of procedures describe the“function view”of an organisation(Ponis et al.,2007).According to ISO19439:2006enterprise integration–framework for enterprise modelling,an international standard for organisations’modelling and integration(ISO,2006),the view dimension is based on the idea that both organisation modellers and usersﬁlter their observations of the real world by particular views.The predeﬁned views are:function view,information view,resource view and organisation view.Both of the most relevant standards ISO19439:2006(ISO,2006)and ISO19440:2007(ISO,2007)state that the constructs of the organisation view are the organisational cells,organisational units and decision centres.As in this paper the importance of decision-making in integrated management systems is stressed,from now on,the organisation view will be referred to as the organisation/decision view.Management systems should be integrated with respect to each one of the four views.Although integration with respect to the function view,based on documentation integration and alignment of core processes,has been widely studied(Karapetrovic, 2002),the other three views remain almost unaddressed.This paper is focusing on the organisation/decision view(see Figure1).Integrated managementsystems595The present study aims to develop and propose a comprehensive,practical and easy to use method that supports the development of a unique IMS,focusing on the organisation/decision view.This idea came up by the simultaneous implementation of quality and environmental function speciﬁc management sub-systems at a chemical company,which comply with the ISO 9001(ISO,2008b)and the ISO 14001(ISO,2004)standards requirements.The method developed for this purpose is illustrated in the present study through the supplier evaluation process,which is an important strategic decision within every organisation.Nevertheless,the proposed framework is general and can be applied to any decisional aspect of business/organisation’s process.The proposed method aims also to ﬁll the gap identiﬁed by various academics and practitioners,who state that although the supplier evaluation criteria are included in the standards’clauses (e.g.ISO 9004:20007.4.2),there is a lack of a method that could support the decision making process in a logical and practical way.The method consists of two steps (see Figure 1):(1)Identiﬁcation of the criteria that affect decision making within a process,takinginto consideration that each process of an integrated management system should comply with speciﬁc requirements as imposed by relevant standards.A set of control tables maps the requirements to the activities of the process and secures their inclusion in the decision making tool (ﬁrst step).(2)Analysis of the decision problem and decision support.Having identiﬁed thecriteria in the ﬁrst step,a multicriteria decision making tool which integrates the requirements with the expertise and intuition of the decision makers (second step)is used in order to model the decision problem and help them come up with a decision that takes into account all the predeﬁned requirements.Figure 1.ProposedmodelTQM 22,6596Theﬁrst step is supported by the integrating controlling tool which is a set of tables mapping the activities of the processes to the standards’requirements.The second step,is implemented by the analytic network process(ANP),which is a well-known multi-criteria decision-making technique.The rest of this paper is organized as follows.In the next section,a short literature review presents the status of research in integrating management systems along with a bibliography for suppliers’evaluation criteria and methods.The following section describes the proposed method and is divided in three sub-sections:Theﬁrst two describe how control tables aid the development of unique processes of an IMS and the third presents the decision making approach through the ANP.The paper ends with the conclusion section where theﬁndings and further research ideas are exposed.Literature reviewIntegrating management systemsSeveral approaches have been presented about the deﬁnition of management sub-systems integration.According to Karapetrovic(2003),an IMS is conceptualized as a single set of interconnected processes that share a unique pool of human, information,material,infrastructure andﬁnancial resources in order to achieve a composite of goals related to the satisfaction of a variety of stakeholders,while Beckmerhagen et al.(2003)deﬁne integration as a process of putting together different function-speciﬁc management systems into a single and more effective IMS.Finally, Pojasek(2006)states that a genuinely integrated system is one that combines management systems using an employee focus,a process view,and a systems approach,that makes it possible to put all relevant management standard practices into a single system.The integration of management sub-systems,from a functional point of view,has been thoroughly analysed on a both theoretical and empirical basis.Existing studies address important aspects of the integration process concerning the possible integration strategies,methodologies and degrees(Bernardo et al.,2009).Strategies refer to the selection and the implementation sequence of sub-systems,while methodologies cover the implementation phases and steps.Finally,the degree concerns the level of integration that the organisation intends to achieve.Speciﬁcally,Karapetrovic and Willborn(1998)and Karapetrovic and Jonker(2003) discuss basic organisations strategies for integrating management sub-systems,while Douglas and Glen(2000),Zeng et al.(2006)and Salomone(2008)present the results arriving from the implementation of these strategies.A methodology for integrated use of management system standards has been proposed by ISO(2008a),while several authors have presented their approach for efﬁcient integration of management sub-systems(Puri,1996;Karapetrovic and Willborn,1998;Wright,2000;Zeng et al., 2006).At the same time,various countries have developed guidelines for the integration of management sub-systems,such as Australia and New Zealand:AS/NZS 4581:1999,Denmark:DS8001:2005,Spain:UNE66177:2005and the UK:PAS99:2006 (Bernardo et al.,2009).Finally,as far as it concerns the degree of management sub-systems integration in an organisation,several scholars have proposed various theoretical approaches, leading to the conclusion that there is not a common practice for all organisations asIntegrated managementsystems597they encompass different characteristics (Karapetrovic,2003;Beckmerhagen et al.,2003;Pojasek,2006;Jorgensen et al.,2006).The present study focuses on the integration of management sub-systems with respect to the organisation/decision view and proposes a comprehensive,practical method that can be used complementary to the aforementioned approaches and support the organisations’integration effort.Suppliers’evaluation criteria and methodsSeveral papers for suppliers’evaluation and selection have been published and most agree that it is a complicated issue because of the large number of criteria that have to be considered (Choy et al.,2002;Yang and Chen,2006;Teng and Jaramillo,2005;Hu and Su,2007;Bayazit,2006).Hence,evaluation and selection of suppliers is a typical multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)problem,involving both qualitative and quantitative criteria (Gonzalez et al.,2004;Krause et al.,2001;Svensson,2004;Yan and Wei,2002).The process of deciding the criteria,which should be used for the evaluation of suppliers,can be broken down into two main steps.The ﬁrst one is to evaluate the supplier in a more detailed way in order to assess his suitability as a trading partner.Typical criteria of this step include quality,price,delivery performance,response to problems,relevant experience,customer satisfaction,service,logistics capability,and ﬁnancial standing (ISO 9004:2000).The second step concerns the selection of the criteria used to evaluate the offers,which will lead to the selection of a speciﬁc offer.In both steps there is no deﬁnitive set of criteria that should be used and the actual choice is up to the buyer.Some of the most commonly used criteria include price,discount,delivery time and compliance with speciﬁcations.The choice of the criteria should enable the buyer to identify the offer that represents the best alternative by meeting a satisfactory level of requirements imposed by the decision maker (usually the buyer’s purchase manager).While literature related to supplier evaluation is abundant,the work on supplier evaluation that considers environmental factors is rather limited.The purchasing process becomes more complicated when environmental issues are considered,due to the fact that the purchasing process must consider the supplier’s environmental responsibility along with the traditional factors such as the supplier’s price,quality,lead-time and ﬂexibility.Noci (1997)designed a vendor rating system for the assessment of a supplier’s environmental performance based on four categories:competencies,current environmental efﬁciency,suppliers’environmental image and net life cycle cost.Walton et al.(1998)designed a ﬂowchart for selecting the appropriate methods and criteria for supplier evaluation and selection in environmental management.Humphreys et al.(2003)identiﬁed the environmental criteria which inﬂuence a ﬁrm’s purchasing decision,and categorized them into two groups:the quantitative and qualitative criteria.Moreover,most of the studies found in literature take into account whether suppliers are certiﬁed according to the ISO 14001:2004standard,a criterion that does not guarantee that the supplier has indeed a good environmental performance.Most of the previous studies,however,focus on an environmental viewpoint and do not consider other important non-environmental factors.In order toTQM 22,6598overcome these shortcomings,the proposed model incorporates both traditional and environmental criteria,aiming to provide a comprehensive supplier evaluation model.As far as it concerns the decision methods for the supplier evaluation problem, numerous approaches have been proposed.These methods can be broadly grouped intoﬁve categories:traditional MCDM techniques,mathematical programming, artiﬁcial intelligence,expert systems,and multivariate statistical analysis.Due to strategic importance and involvement of various uncertainties and risks associated with the supplier and offer evaluation process,the purchasing activity,is usually carried out,by teams,rather than individual purchasing managers.The supplier selection process also concerns several departments other than purchasing such as production,ﬁnance,and marketing.Hence,the personnel of these departments may be involved in the decision making process along with the purchasing manager.The supplier evaluation problem is further aggravated due to the need for multiple criteria, the conﬂicting objectives of the criteria,the involvement of many alternatives(due to increasing competition and globalisation)and the numerous internal and external constraints imposed by the purchasing process.The present study proposes the use of the ANP method,which incorporates both qualitative and quantitative criteria and is suitable to describe complex decision environments(Peniwati,2005;Kirytopoulos et al.,2008).MethodMoving from function to organisation/decision viewIn order to develop and apply a QMS conforming to the ISO9001:2008requirements, the development team,usually staff from the quality department of the organisation and external consultants,identiﬁesﬁrst the key processes,which are directly related to the realization of product and/or service.Support activities that affect performance and effectiveness of the key processes are further identiﬁed.The system with respect to the function view is documented in the procedure manual.According to a usual methodological approach,the development team identiﬁes the existing processes in every department using a model that would allow the review of activities according to the requirements of the standard.In the review step,the linkage between the individual processes,as well as their combination and interaction,is determined.Further,the processes that exist and conform to the requirements of the standard,those that exist but should be harmonised with the requirements of the standard,andﬁnally those that do not exist and should be developed are spotted.The procedures are thus documented,for the activities that every department of the organisation performs as parts of the related processes.When integrated sub-systems are developed,the processes are reviewed according to both standards.When possible,and depending on the degree of the integration, common procedures are documented for both sub-systems in order to assure the integration with respect to the function view.In order to move from the function to the organisation/decision view,the generic processes,as described in the ISO9001:2008standard and the corresponding requirements have to be related to the organisations departments as presented in Table I.In addition,the requirements stemming from the ISO14001:2004standard’s elements and related to each department are included.Table I supports the development team to locate the different functional departments that are related toIntegrated managementsystems599T o p m a n a g e m e n t H R R &D S a l e s P u r c h a s i n g P r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g P r o d u c t i o n L o g i s t i c s Q u a l i t y c o n t r o l M a i n t e n a n c e G e n e r a l4.Q u a l i t y m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m £4.1.G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s £4.2.D o c u m e n t a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s £4.2.1.G e n e r a l £4.2.2.Q u a l i t y m a n u a l £4.2.3.C o n t r o l o f d o c u m e n t s £4.2.4.C o n t r o l o f r e c o r d s £5.M a n a g e m e n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y £5.1.M n a g e m e n t c o m m i t m e n t £5.2.C u s t o m e r f o c u s £5.3.Q u a l i t y p o l i c y ££5.4.P l a n n i n g £5.4.1.Q u a l i t y o b j e c t i v e s £5.4.2.Q u a l i t y m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m p l a n n i n g £5.5.R e s p o n s i b i l i t y ,a u t h o r i t y a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n £5.5.1.R e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d a u t h o r i t y ££5.5.2.M a n a g e m e n t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e £5.5.3.I n t e r n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n £££5.6.M a n a g e m e n t r e v i e w £5.6.1.G e n e r a l £5.6.2.R e v i e w i n p u t £5.6.3.R e v i e w o u t p u t £6.R e s o u r c e m a n a g e m e n t ££6.1.P r o v i s i o n o f r e s o u r c e s ££6.2.H u m a n r e s o u r c e s £££6.2.1.G e n e r a l £6.2.2.C o m p e t e n c e ,a w a r e n e s s a n d t r a i n i n g £6.3.I n f r a s t r u c t u r e££(c o n t i n u e d )Table I.Relations between ISO9001:2008and ISO14001:2004requirements andorganisation’s functionsTQM 22,6600T o p m a n a g e m e n t H R R &D S a l e s P u r c h a s i n g P r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g P r o d u c t i o n L o g i s t i c s Q u a l i t y c o n t r o l M a i n t e n a n c e G e n e r a l6.4.W o r k e n v i r o n m e n t ££7.P r o d u c t r e a l i z a t i o n £7.1.P l a n n i n g o f p r o d u c t r e a l i z a t i o n £7.2.C u s t o m e r -r e l a t e d p r o c e s s e s £7.2.1.D e t e r m i n a t i o n o r r e q u i r e m e n t r e l a t e d t o t h e p r o d u c t £7.2.2.R e v i e w o f r e q u i r e m e n t s r e l a t e d t o t h e p r o d u c t £7.2.3.C u s t o m e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n £7.3.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t £7.3.1.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n n i n g £7.3.2.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t i n p u t s £7.3.3.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o u t p u t s £7.3.4.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t r e v i e w £7.3.5.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t v e r i ﬁc a t i o n £7.3.6.D e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t v a l i d a t i o n £7.3.7.C o n t r o l o f d e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t c h a n g e s £7.4.P u r c h a s i n g £7.4.1.P u r c h a s i n g p r o c e s s e s £7.4.2.P u r c h a s i n g i n f o r m a t i o n £7.4.3.V e r i ﬁc a t i o n o f p u r c h a s e d p r o d u c t s£(c o n t i n u e d )Table I.Integrated managementsystems601T o p m a n a g e m e n t H R R &D S a l e s P u r c h a s i n g P r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g P r o d u c t i o n L o g i s t i c s Q u a l i t y c o n t r o l M a i n t e n a n c e G e n e r a l7.5.P r o d u c t i o n a n d s e r v i c e p r o v i s i o n £7.5.1.C o n t r o l o f p r o d u c t i o n a n d s e r v i c e p r o v i s i o n ££7.5.2.V a l i d a t i o n o f p r o c e s s e s f o r p r o d u c t i o n a n d s e r v i c e p r o v i s i o n ££7.5.3.I d e n t i ﬁc a t i o n a n d t r a c e a b i l i t y ££££7.5.4.C u s t o m e r p r o p e r t y £7.5.5.P r e s e r v a t i o n o f p r o d u c t ££7.6.C o n t r o l o f m o n i t o r i n g a n d m e a s u r i n g d e v i c e s £8.M e a s u r e m e n t ,a n a l y s i s a n d i m p r o v e m e n t 8.1.G e n e r a l 8.2.M o n i t o r i n g a n d m e a s u r e m e n t 8.2.1.C u s t o m e r s a t i s f a c t i o n ££8.2.2.I n t e r n a l a u d i t ££8.2.3.M o n i t o r i n g a n d m e a s u r e m e n t o f p r o c e s s e s £8.2.4.M o n i t o r i n g a n d m e a s u r e m e n t o f p r o d u c t ££8.3.C o n t r o l o g n o n c o n f o r m i n g p r o d u c t £8.4.A n a l y s i s o f d a t a £8.5.I m p r o v e m e n t ££8.5.1.C o n t i n u a l i m p r o v e m e n t ££8.5.2.C o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n ££8.5.3.P r e v e n t i v e a c t i o n££(c o n t i n u e d )Table I.TQM 22,6602T o p m a n a g e m e n t H R R &D S a l e s P u r c h a s i n g P r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g P r o d u c t i o n L o g i s t i c s Q u a l i t y c o n t r o l M a i n t e n a n c e G e n e r a l4E n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m £4.1G e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s £4.2E n v i r o n m e n t a l p o l i c y £££4.3P l a n n i n g £4.3.1E n v i r o n m e n t a l a s p e c t s ££4.3.2L e g a l a n d o t h e r r e q u i r e m e n t s ££4.3.3O b j e c t i v e s ,t a r g e t s a n d p r o g r a m m e (s )££4.4I m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n £4.4.1R e s o u r c e s ,r o l e s ,r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d a u t h o r i t y ££££4.4.2C o m p e t e n c e ,t r a i n i n g a n d a w a r e n e s s £4.4.3C o m m u n i c a t i o n ££££4.4.4D o c u m e n t a t i o n £4.4.5C o n t r o l o f d o c u m e n t s £4.4.6O p e r a t i o n a l c o n t r o l £££££££4.4.7E m e r g e n c y p r e p a r e d n e s s a n d r e s p o n s e £4.5C h e c k i n g 4.5.1M o n i t o r i n g a n d m e a s u r e m e n t ££££4.5.2E v a l u a t i o n o f c o m p l i a n c e £££4.5.3N o n c o n f o r m i t y ,c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n a n d p r e v e n t i v e a c t i o n ££4.5.4C o n t r o l o f r e c o r d s £4.5.5I n t e r n a l a u d i t 4.6M a n a g e m e n t r e v i e w££Table I.Integrated managementsystems603each process or element.Decisions that are taken on a departmental level should be harmonized with the goals of the entire process and satisfy the requirements of both standards.When necessary,group decisions have to be taken,from members of different departments included in the same process.Both cases are supported by the proposed method.The control tablesIn order to achieve conformity with the standards’requirements for every decision included in the procedures the method proposes a set of control tables that relate every step of the procedure to the related requirements.It should be noted that if the function view is correctly completed each requirement should be related at least with one activity of the process.The decision maker takes into consideration the requirements and “translates”them to decision criteria.In order to produce the control table,the requirements that will be taken into consideration have to be selected.In the presented case,the ISO 9001:2008standard approach prescribes that organisations should evaluate and select suppliers based on their ability to supply products,emphasizing on quality issues.The requirements cover a wide range of criteria,qualitative and quantitative,including price,delivery time,product performance,risks associated with the purchased product and supplier’s relevant experience.Accordingly,the ISO 14001:2004standard indicates that companies should evaluate the environmental performance and practices of contractors and suppliers and establish,implement and maintain procedures related to the identiﬁed signiﬁcant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organisation and ﬁnally,communicate applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers,including contractors.Moreover,both standards stipulate that the organisation should establish and implement effective and efﬁcient actions in order to make decisions,based on results of logical analysis and balanced with experience and intuition.Table II illustrates the control table for the purchasing process.Making the decisionThe ANP,developed by Saaty (1996),is a multi-criteria decision making method that incorporates feedback and interdependent relationships among decision criteria and alternatives.It provides a general framework to deal with decisions,without making assumptions about the independence of higher-level elements from lower level ones or the independence of the elements within a level as in a hierarchy (Jharkharia and Shankar,2007).In other words,the ANP uses a network of elements without the need to specify levels (Saaty,2005).Technically,the model consists of clusters and elements.The dominance or relative importance of inﬂuence is the central concept and judgments are provided by utilising a fundamental scale (Saaty’s 1-9scale)ranging from 1(equally important)to 9(extremely more important)and answering the question:Given a criterion X,which of the two elements Y,Z is more dominant with respect to that criterion?In order for the inﬂuences among the elements to be meaningful at the ﬁnal stage of the method (synthesis),a speciﬁc element is each time used to perform the pairwise comparisons.This element is called control criterion.In short,the ANP approach handles interdependence among elements by obtaining the composite weights through the development of a “SuperMatrix”.An example providing the proposed ANP model follows just afterwards.This example comprises aTQM 22,6604。

英语口语常见问题

考研面试过程中还有五大问题，考研面试过程中还有五大问题，是必考内容，是必考内容，一定要提前预习数十遍，一定要提前预习数十遍，一定要一定要做到心中绝对有数，烂熟于胸才行。

否则，你将来可就是地地道道的冤大头了。

1．姓名、年龄、从哪儿来？有无前科？．姓名、年龄、从哪儿来？有无前科？2．为什么要报考本学校的本专业？．为什么要报考本学校的本专业？3．你对这个专业的发展前景如何看待，机遇和挑战是什么？4．你如果能够被录取，你打算作哪一方面的研究，为什么？5．你认为你有什么保障，能够完成或胜任此研究？你觉得自己的强项和优势是什么？什么？1. Where do you come from? 2. What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown? 3. What do you do during the Spring Festival? 4. Tell me something about the customs of your hometown. 5. Could you tell me something about your family? 6. What social responsibilities should a post-graduate take? 7. Which kind of professor do you like best? 8. 8. What What does does friendship friendship mean mean to to you you and and what what kind kind of of people people do do you you make make friend friend with? 9. What is your major? How do you like your major? 10. When and where did you graduate? What qualifications have you obtained? 11. What impressed you most when you were at university? 12. What is the best university in your opinion? 13. 13. Do Do you you think think the the subjects subjects you you are are studying studying today today are are relevant relevant to to present-day present-day society? Why ? 14. What do you do for a living? 15. What are your job prospects? 16. If you had the opportunity to change your subject, what would you do with it? 17. What are your spare time interests? 18. Where have you been traveling to? Which place interested you most? 19. 19. What What kind kind of of differences differences in in the the system system of of higher higher education education between between China China and and other countries? 20. 20. Do Do you you think think you you will will be be able able to to cope cope with with English-demands English-demands of of your your intended intended study program? 21. What difficulties do you think you'll encounter in your studies? 22. Why did you choose our university? 23. If there were an opportunity of studying abroad, what would you do? 24. Should you study more theory or do more practice? Give your reasons, please.25. What do you intend to do after you finish studying? 26. How serious serious is is unemployment among unemployment among young people and what will you do if if you you cannot find a job after graduation? 27. In your opinion, what are the most serious problems associated with modern life?28. What do you think have been the most important changes in your study field over the past 5 years? 29. How do you afford your tuition? 30. Does your family support your decision on studying? What help do they offer? 2012研究生英语复试口语常见问答1、What can you tell me about yourself ？（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student student，， Iworked in in a a clothingclothing store store part-time part-time and and found found that that I I could could sell sell things things easily. easily. The The sale sale was was important important，， but but for for me me，， it it was was eveneven more more important important to to make make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I ‘m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation ？（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）I hope to do my best I can be at my job and because many in this line of work are promoted to area manager ， I am planning on that also.3. What is your greatest strength ？（？（你最突出的优点是什么？）I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them them done. done. I I feel feel a a real real sense sense of of accomplishment accomplishment when when I I finish finish a a job job and and it it turns turns out out just just as as I ‘d d planned. planned. I I ’ve ve set set somesome high high goals goals for for myself. myself. For example example，， Iwant to graduate with highest distinction. And even though I had a slow start in my freshman year year，， I made up for it by doing an honor honor‘‘s thesis.4. What is your greatest weakness （？（你最大的弱点是什么？）I ‘m m such such a a perfectionist perfectionist that that I I will will not not stop stop until until a a job job is is wellwell done. done.5. How do you feel about your progress to date ？“（对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看的？）I I think think I I did did well well in in school. school. In In fact fact，， in in a a numbernumber of of courses courses I I received received the highest exam scores in the class. As an intern for the X Company ， I I received received somesome of of the the highest highest evaluations evaluations that that had had been been given given in in years. years.二、其他常见问题二、其他常见问题6.Why did you choose peking university ？7.Why did you choose MBA 7.Why did you choose MBA？？8.What would you like to be doing five years after graduation ？9.What has been your greatest accomplishment ？10.Describe your greatest strengths and weaknesses.11.What have you learned from the jobs you have held ？三、行为面试问题（三、行为面试问题（Sample Behavioral Interview Questions Sample Behavioral Interview Questions ）:12.Describe the best/worst team of which you have been a member.13Tell me about a time when your course load was heaviest. How did you get all of your work done get all of your work done？？14.Give 14.Give me me a a specific specific example example of of a a time time when when you you sold sold someone someone on on an an idea idea or concept.15.Tell me about a time when you were creative in solving a problem.16.Describe a time when you got co-workers or classmates who dislike each other to work together.17.Tell me about a time when you made a bad decision.四、压力面试问题（四、压力面试问题（Sample Stress Interview Questions Sample Stress Interview Questions ）:18.What kinds of people do you find it difficult to work with ？19.What are some of the things you find difficult to do ？20.How would you evaluate me as an interviewer ？21.What interests you least about MBA ？22.How do you handle rejection ？23.What is the worst thing you have heard about our school ？24.See this pen I 24.See this pen I‘‘m holding. Sell it to me.五、案例面试问题（五、案例面试问题（Sample Case Interview Questions Sample Case Interview Questions））: 25.A chain of grocery stores currently receives its stock on adecentralized decentralized basis. basis. EachEach store store deals deals independently with independently with its its suppliers. suppliers. The president of the chain is wondering whether the firm can benefit from a centralized warehouse. What are the key considerations in making this decision decision？？A magazine publisher is trying to decide how many magazines she should deliver to each individual distribution outlet in order to maximize profits. She has extensive historical sales volume data for each of the outlets. How should she determine delivery quantities ？六、非常规问题六、非常规问题: :26.It is the 15th Century. How do convince the Pope that the Earth is round round？？27. If I gave you an elephant 27. If I gave you an elephant，， where would you hide it where would you hide it？？28. Why are soda cans tapered on the top and bottom ？29. How much RAM does a PC need to run Windows95？30. You are in a boat on a fresh water lake. In your hand is a rock. You throw the rock into the lake. How is the lake ‘s water level affected ？31. If it rained music 31. If it rained music，， what would grow what would grow？？32. Describe your best friend and what he or she does for a living.33. In what ways are you similar or different from your best friend ？34.What 34.What are are your your career career‘‘s s strengths strengths andand how how do do you you capitalize capitalize on on them them？？ 35. Are you a happy person 35. Are you a happy person？？36. 36. According According to to JRM JRM，， Jr. Jr.，， a a fast fast growinggrowing software software company company asked asked this this question question………… You have a wealthy aunt who weighs 300 pounds. Tell me how you would redesign her toilet.七、其他常见的英语面试问题七、其他常见的英语面试问题: :37.Would you please make a brief introduction about yourself ？38.Why 38.Why did did you you take take the the MBA MBA examination examination？？ Would Would you you pleaseplease say say something something about the currently MBA program in China ？39.Why do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA ？ Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding.40.How do the people around you review MBA ？41.What 41.What‘‘s the difference between MBA program at home and abroad ？42.If you failed this time what will you do in the near future ？43.Why do you want to be a part of MBA students ？44.Why do you think you are qualified for MBA program ？45.Do you have a career plan in 5 years ？46.Do you have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student ？47.What 47.What‘‘s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experience working experience？？48.How do you define marketing or management ？49.Do you think English is quite important in MBA study ？ Why Why？？50.Do you think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life life？？ Why Why？？51.What do you want to do after your MBA study ？52.What is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have have？？53.Say a little about teamwork.54.Say a little about management.55.How communication works in organizations ？56.Tell me the relationship between the management and management theory.57.What will you do if you can ‘t find a job t find a job？？58.Do you think that the economy will get better ？59.Who are you currently employed with ？60.What kinds of opportunities are you looking for ？61.What is your biggest accomplishment on the job ？62.What joy did you enjoy the most and why ？63.What would your former boss say about you ？64.Why did you leave your last job ？65.Please tell me a little about your working history ？ What kind of fields fields？？66.Say a little about your educational background.67.What are your strengths and weakness ？68.What do you do in your spare time ？69.What is your impression of Beijing ？70.What is CFO 70.What is CFO？？ If you were a CFO If you were a CFO，， what would you do what would you do？？71.What is the difference between sales and marketing ？72.What do you think is the most important as a manager ？在面试快结束的时候，在面试快结束的时候，一般考官都会问，一般考官都会问，你有没有什么要问的。

国家开放大学（电大）理工英语4单元自测7

国家开放大学（电大）理工英语4单元自测7一、选择填空：阅读下面的对话或句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

题目1—Do you eat porridge every day?—.B. No, sometimes I’d have a cup of soybean milk, a boiled egg and a steamed bun for my breakfast题目2—So how can we buy safe food?—.C. When we choose food, we must remember to check its tag, confirming whether the basic information is marked on it 题目3—What would you like to have for breakfast?—. Would you like to have a taste?A. Twisted cruller, I bought it this morning 正确题目4The technology has several advantages earlier attempts to engineer meat in vitro .B. in comparison to题目5This, they argue, will be essential to the needs of a booming population in decades to come and avoiding starvation.B. meeting题目6二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。

（课外选材）According to experts, the advantage of modified food is thatit helps in preventing the occurrence of allergies and also has a long shelf life. However, a major portion of the population is against the consumption of genetically modified food and is concerned about its disadvantages. If you are also confused about the consumption of genetically modified food, read through the pros and cons given below and decide for yourself.Advantages of Genetically Modified Foods●One of the most prominent advantages of genetically modified food is that it helps in controlling the occurrence of certain diseases. Certain foods cause allergy to people. Their genetic modification alters the DNA system of these foods, thereby making them non-allergic.●Another major advantage of such type of foods is that they grow faster than their traditionally grown counterparts. As a result, there is greater productivity and more food.●A person need not bo ther about any additional costs, such as buying chemicals and pesticides, when it comes to genetically engineered food. The food is naturally pest-resistant.●Farming these foods can be a great way to fight world hunger. Since these crops grow faster or more effectively, increased production would help countries wherein crops may not normally prosper because of less than desirable environmental conditions.●The increased shelf life of these food products helps in reducing the quantity of rotten food. Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Foods●The biggest disadvantage of genetically modified food is that they have harmful effects on the human body. The consumption of these genetically engineered foods can lead to development of diseases that are immune to antibiotics.●Chances of developing cancer are high in people who regularly consume engineered food.●Since it is an unnatural way of producing foods, there is an increased health hazard such as allergens, transfer of antibiotic resistance markers and unknown effects.●Since the production of engineered food involves infusing animal genes in the crops and tampering with nature, it might not be good for consumption in the long run.1. How does genetically modified food control the occurrence of certain diseases?回答A. By cross-pollinating.B. By conventional crossbreeding.C. By altering the DNA system of these foods.2. Do farmers need to buy any chemicals and pesticides if they plant genetically modified food?回答正确A. Yes, they need to. Because the food is not resist to pests.B. No, they don’t need to. Because the food is naturally pest-resistant.C. No, they don’t need to. Because the chemicals and pesticides are provided by the government.3. Which statement is not the advantage of genetically modified food?回答A. It may have harmful effects on human body.B. Genetically modified food grows faster than their traditionally grown counterparts.C. Farming genetically modified food can help fight world hunger.4. What would happen to a person if he regularly consume genetically modified food?回答A. He would get cold.B. He would lose some weight.C. He would have cancer.5. Which title is the best for this passage?回答A. Can genetically modified foods combat world hunger?B. Genetically modified mood: our answer is noC. Genetically modified foods: pros and cons解析：1. C2. B。

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