2020-2021学年高二英语人教版选修6教师用书：Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Gramma

姓名，年级：
时间：
it的用法(Ⅰ）
语境自主领悟
先观察原句后自主感悟
1．It is a beautiful day here and
I am sitting under the big tree
at the end of the garden．
2．Your mother tells me that you
started smoking some time ago
and now you are finding it
difficult to give it up．
3．Believe me，I know how easy
it is to begin smoking and how
tough it is to stop．
1．例句1中的it作非人称代词，
此处指代时间。

2．例句2中的第一个it作形式宾
语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短
语to give it up；第二个it作人
称代词,代替前文提到的名词
smoking。

3．例句3中的第一个it作形式主
语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短
语to begin smoking；第二个it
也作形式主语，真正的主语为后面
的不定式短语to stop。

一、用作代词
1．it作非人称代词
常用于指代时间、距离、自然现象、量度、价值等.
It is time to get up．（指时间)
到起床的时间了。

It is going to snow．(指天气）
(天)要下雪了。

It is a long way from my school to the hospital．（指距离)从我的学校到医院(距离)很远.
2．it用作人称代词
代替前文提到的事物或动物、指婴儿（尤指性别不明者),未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。

Her baby’s due next month．She hopes it will be a boy．（代替前文提到的Her baby）
她的孩子该下个月出生.她希望会是个男孩。

[即时演练1]用适当的代词填空
①The Parkers bought a new apartment but it will need a lot of work before they can move in．
②It was nearly midnight when she came back．
二、用作形式主语
it充当形式主语，本身无意义，其真正的主语通常是不定式、动名词或主语从句。

it作为形式主语常用于下面句型中：
1．It be＋adj．＋ (for/of sb．） to do．．．（对某人来说）做……是……的
常用于此句型的形容词有：possible，necessary，important，easy，strange,natural等
It is impossible to get there by boat．
坐船不可能到那里。

2．It be＋n．＋ doing．．．做……是……的
常用于本句型的名词有：good，use等
I knew it was no use saying anything，so I stood by Mary．
我知道说什么也没有用，所以就站在玛丽一边.
3．It be＋adj．＋ doing．．．做……是……的
常用于本句型的形容词有：useless,worthwhile等
It is useless giving him some advice．＝It is no use giving him some advice．
给他提建议没用.
4．It be＋adj．＋ that．．．（对某人来说）做……是……的
常用于此句型的形容词有：necessary,important,strange，natural等
It is necessary that the work should be done well．
这项工作应该被完美完成是必须的.
5．It be＋v．。

ed＋ that．．．
It is/was said （reported/learned/believed/thought/ known/told/hoped．．．） that．．．句型中，it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句;该结构常译为“据说(据报道/据悉……)”。

该句型常可改为：sb．/sth． be ＋v．.ed ＋to do．．．It was said that the typhoon had caused a lot of damage．＝The typhoon was said to have caused a lot of damage．据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。

6．It be＋n．＋ that．．．
It is/was a pity (a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise．．．) that．．．句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然"。

没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It's a pity that you missed such an exciting football
match．（陈述语气)
你错过了这么令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾。

It is a pity that such a thing （should) happen in your class．（虚拟语气)
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
［名师点津]
it作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的主语移至句子的后面,避免头重脚轻。

［即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空
①The doctor thought it would be good for you to have(have)
a holiday．
②It is a great pleasure to be（be) here with you this evening．
③It is reported（report) that many people have been badly injured in the mine disaster．
三、用作形式宾语
1．用于“主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语"句型中
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it 作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。

They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time．他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。

He made it clear that he hated me．
他表达得很明确，他讨厌我。

［名师点津］
为了便于记忆，可以把该句型称为“6123结构”：6指的是句中常
用的六个谓语动词:think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词或宾语从句。

2．用于动词appreciate,dislike，hate，like，love等后。

I would appreciate it if you could come．
如果你能来我会很感激。

3．用于动词have(称……属实）,take(以为；猜想)等后。

I take it that you don’t agree with me．
我以为你不同意我的见解.
4．用于动词短语count on(期待)，depend on，see to（确保)等后.
See to it that you are here punctually tomorrow．
明天你务必要准时到这里。

［即时演练3]用适当的代词填空
①I think it no use arguing with him．
②I like it when the weather is fine in autumn．
③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time．
同义句转换（用it改写句子)
1．To my surprise，he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well．
→To my surprise,he thought it impossible for him to learn English well．
2．36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class．→It is said that 36 students have passed the exam in our
class．
3．To give up smoking is not easy．
→It is not easy to give up smoking．
4．Debating about it is useless．
→It is useless debating about it．
5．I became stronger and stronger，which made my parents glad．→I became stronger and stronger，and it made my parents glad．。