高二英语Unit 18—Inventions(II)人教版知识精讲

高二英语Unit 18—Inventions（II）人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 18—Inventions（II）
1. 词汇复习
2. 课文难点句解析（II）
3. 语法复习：定语从句
二. 知识总结与归纳：
词汇复习：运用构词知识掌握下列单词：
1. edible
2. laptop
3. palmtop
4. desktop
5. inflatable
6. creative
7. rephrase 8. possibility
9. visible 10. connection
11. trial 12. relativity
13. dusty 14. background
15. typewriter
三. 课文难点句解析：
1. Anywhere we go, we can hear the ringing of a cellphones , the tapping of a keyboard or the clicking of a muse. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”, a time of new discoveries and great changes.
不论我们走到哪里，我们都能听到手机的铃声，键盘的敲击声和鼠标的点击声。

人们都说我们生活在一个“信息时代”，一个充满新发现和大变革的时代。

（1）Anywhere“无论何地”引导一个状语从句相当于“wherever; no matter where.
I’ll take you anywhere you like.
（2）We are said to be living人们都说我们正生活在……
Sb. be said to do….== It’s said that +从句。

He is said to have been allowed into Peking University.
句型中的said可以替换成believed; thought; known; reported等。

It is thought that the project can’t be completed this year.
（3）a time of new discoveries and great changes是the “Information Age”的同位语。

2. Has our life changed that much ? Many of the things we do with computers, such as typing and sending mail, are things we also did before.
我们的生活有那么大的变化吗？我们现在用计算机所做的许多事情，像打字和发邮件，我们以前也做过。

（1）that：相当于副词：so，“这么，那么”
I have never return this / that late before.
（2）we do with computers和we also did before作为定语从句分别修饰Many of the things 和things
3. A computer’s “memory”is similar to human memory in some ways, but it is also very
different.
电脑的储存器在某方面是和人的记忆很相似的，但又有所不同。

（1）is similar to：与……类似/相似。

His opinion on education is similar to mine.
（2）in some ways：在某些方面。

4. After all, what makes a new invention such a wonderful thing is that it allows us to do something we could not do before.
毕竟，使一项新发明成为如此奇妙的事情就在于它可以让我们做以前做不到的事。

（1）After all：毕竟；
（2）what makes a new invention such a wonderful thing：what引导的主语从句。

（3）that it allows us to do something we could not do before。

是表语从句。

句中有一个定语从句we could not do before修饰something。

5. Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is to find new ways of using it.
既然我们在如此高速地发展着新技术，那么现在真正的挑战是寻求利用新技术的新途径。

（1）Now that：既然；由于，引导原因状语从句。

Now that you mentioned it, I’d like to discuss with you.
（2）at such a high pace：快速地
The electronics industry is developing at a high pace.
6. The real function will only be known once we discover new ways of thinking about the technology.
只有当我们发现了这项新技术的新的思维方式，我们才会懂得它的真正的功能。

once：一旦，引导时间状语从句。

Once you have made a great decision, you should carry it out.
Once you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty.
7. If you use our inflatable bike, you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
如果人们使用我们的可冲气的自行车，只需要把气放掉并把它装进你的包里就行。

let … out：释放；泄露，使……知道．加宽／大。

Someone has let the air out of my bike.
He let out that he would resign the next week.
语法复习：定语从句：
（一）先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only, little; none; every…等形式时，关系代词一般用that,而不能用which.
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
3. He was the first that came and the last that went.
（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还是which
1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he di dn’t tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
（三）词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，或介词of短语这是关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
3. I picked up some apples, some of which were bad.
（四）as引导的定语从句：
1. As is expected, our team defeated theirs in the match.
2. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
3. I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. ____ dinner is ready, wash your hands, please.
A. After
B. Now that
C. Although
D. As soon as
答案：B
分析：既然晚饭准备好了，就请去洗手吧。

Now that：既然。

2.Of course he’s tired, ____ he has been driving for ten hours.
A. After all
B. As a result
C. In other words
D. As usual
答案：B
分析：毕竟他已经开了十个小时的车了。

After all：毕竟。

3. It was several minutes before I was ____ what was happening.
A. fond of
B. realized
C. aware of
D. prepared of
答案：C
分析：过了几分钟我才意识到发生了什么。

Be aware of：意识到。

4. In order to get the exact result, the scientists made ____.
A. a lot tries
B. to do experiments
C. trial and error
D. great try
答案：C
分析：为了得到准确的结果，科学家们进行了反复的实验。

trial and error：反复实验。

5. In washing this cloth, be sure to ______ the temperature of water.
A. allow for
B. pay for
C. account for
D. answer for
答案：A
分析：洗这种布一定要考虑到水温。

allow for：顾及，为……做准备。

6. One of the provinces ___ the union and formed a new country.
A. broke away from
B. keep away from
C. did away with
D. cut off
答案：A
分析：有一个省脱离了联邦建立了一个新国家。

break away from：脱离，摆脱。

7. Some of the roads were flooded, ____ makes our journey more difficult.
A. that
B. it
C. which
D. who
答案：C
分析：____ makes our journey more difficult为非限定性定语从句修饰Some of the roads were flooded这件事。

8. Friendship is needed by all, __ plays an important role in people’s lives.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. it
答案：A
分析：__ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。

9. Uncle Li __ I worked three years ago has retired now.
A. who
B. whom
C. with whom
D. to whom
答案：C
分析：__ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。

10. Is this the reason __ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
答案：A
分析：定语从句__ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。

先行词在从句中做宾语。

二. 句型转换：
1. Thinkers have changed the world, but it doesn’t seem that they have much in common.
Thinkers ____ have changed the world ____ have much in common.
2. Good solutions and new ideas are the result of a change in perception.
A change in perception ____ ____ good solutions and new ideas.
3. We are said to be living in the “Information Age.”
______ ______ ______ ______ we are living in the “Information Age.”
4. A new invention is such a wonderful thing because it allows us to do something we couldn’t do before.
_____ makes a new invention such a wonderful thing ____ _____ it allows us to do something we couldn’t do before.
答案：略
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择：
1. Teachers, __ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whose
2. The Olympic Games ,_____in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
3. The houses ____ for the teachers and the construction worker will start soon.
A. built
B. to be built
C. to build
D. being built
4. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended
B. attending
C. to attend
D. have attended
5. She has three children, __ is working in Australia.
A. who
B. one of whom
C. one of them
D. none of them
6. The day came finally ___ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.
A. when
B. in that
C. which
D. in which
7. Susan is the very girl __ the good deed.
A. whom I think did
B. whom I think she did
C. who I think did
D. I think who did
8. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money __ he could buy a train ticket.
A. by which
B. on which
C. with which
D. for which
9. Do you have any ____ with the affair ? I assure you that haven’t.
A. relation
B. connection
C. tie
D. fault
10. _____ you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that
B. After
C. Although
D. As soon as
11. Seven people were reported _____ in the accident.
A. to have been killed
B. having been killed
C. to kill
D. being killed
二. 完型填空：
Cars are important part in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are 1 . And even if a person is poor he doesn’t feel 2 poor when he has a car.
Henry Ford was the man who first started 3 cars in large numbers. He proba bly didn’t know how much the car was going to 4 American culture. The car made the United States a nation on _ 5 . And it 6 to make the United States what it is today.
There are three main reasons that the car has become so 7 in the United States. 8 the country is a huge one and Americans like to_ 9__ around it. The car 10 the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go any place 11 spending a lot of money. The second reason is that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public 12 . Long distance trains have never been as 13 in the United States as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by 14. But it is too expensive to be used 15 . The third reason is the most 16 one. The Americans’ spirit of 17 is what really made cars popular. Americans don’t like to wait for a bus or a train, 18 a plane. They d on’t like to have to 19 an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want 20 to have.
1. A. healthy B. rich C. pretty D. poor
2. A. really B. truly C. actually D. exactly
3. A. doing B. making C. designing D. owing
4. A. affect B. afford C. effort D. effect
5. A foot B. horse backs C. chairs D. wheels
6. A. tried B. helped C. hoped D. got
7. A. well-known B. lovely C. popular D. famous
8. A. In all B. After all C. First of all D. Above all
9. A. move B. transport C. walk D. go
10. A. offers B. provides C. takes D. proves
11. A. with B. without C. for D. by
12. A. journey B. travel C. transportation D. trip
13. A. common B. usual C. unusual D. ordinary
14. A. bikes B. ships C. rockets D. planes
15. A. frequently B. continuously C. completely D. fully
16. A. funny B. important C. common D. simple
17. A. dependence B. serf-confidence C. selfishness D. independence
18. A. or even B. but C. and D. nor
19. A. take B. receive C. follow D. accept
20. A. worst B. most C. best D. least
三. 阅读理解：
Some people don’t believe that driving more slowly can save lives. But the truth is that driving more slowly can help a person to avoid serious accidents.
The following chart shows the distance that it takes to stop a car at a given speed. The distance is measured in feet. The shaded area shows the driver's thinking distance. That's the distance it takes for the driver to react to a danger that he sees. The white area shows the car's braking distance. That's the distance it takes for the car to stop once the brakes are used. The number at the top of each bar shows the total number of feet that it takes to stop the car.
注：黑色部分内的数字从左至有依次为：22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77
1. According to the chart, what is the total number of feet needed to stop a car that is traveling at
50 miles per hour?
A. 55
B. 73
C. 128
D. 183
2. What is the braking distance for a car that is traveling at 60 miles per hoar?
A. 66 feel.
B. 119 feet.
C. 185 feet.
D. 251 feet.
3. Which of the following statements about braking and speed is true?
A. The braking distance is what it takes for the driver to react to a danger that he sees.
B. The speed of a car has a direct influence on the distance needed to stop the car .
C. The braking distance increases only when a driver drives faster than 50 miles per hour,
D. Driving slowly can help a person to avoid all accidents.
[参考答案]
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一. 单项选择：
1. D 非限定性定语从句__ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose
2. C 公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。

_____in 776 BC 做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。

用done做定语。

3. B 根据句意房子即将开工。

____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses将要为教师和职工修建的房子。

4. B 根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。

与全句动作同步.
5. B 非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。

6. A 定语从句___ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。

7. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。

先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom
8. C 定语从句__ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。

关系词前面需要加介词：with
9. B你与这见事有关吗？connection：关系，联系；have connection with /to：与……有关。

10. A既然你有这样一个机会，就应该充分利用它．Now that：既然．
11. A 据说这次事故中有七人死亡．句型：sb. is reported to do / to have done / have been done.
二. 完型填空：
本文讲述美国人为什么喜欢汽车。

1. D “汽车在美国是生活的重要部分。

没有汽车，大多数人会感到贫穷。

同时根据even if a person is poor。

可知应选D。

2. A really—thoroughly，故选A最佳，“不感到非常穷”。

3. B Henry Ford是第一个大批量地生产汽车的人。

4. A affect（动词）＝have an influence on sb. / sth.．“影响”，选A最佳，“影响美国文化”。

注意，D项effect是名词。

5. D根据上下文，“汽车使美国成为轮子上的国家”。

6. B汽车也帮助使美国成了今天的美国。

7. C下文解释汽车“如此普及”的原因，故选Ｃ最佳。

8. C三个主要原因的第一个，“首先”，故选C最佳。

9. A move around—travel around，故选A最佳，“喜欢在国内旅游”。

10. B汽车提供了最舒适最便宜的交通形式。

offer：乐意提供帮助provide：提供
11. B根据上文说的“最便宜的交通工具”所以说“出行不花许多钱”。

12. C汽车是属于交通工具，“一种有效率的、不贵的公共交通工具”。

13. A长途火车在美国不普遍。

14. D根据air-service，所以说是“飞机提供的优质的空中服务”。

15. A“飞机太贵以至不经常用”。

frequently：经常地continuously：连续地
16. B根据下文可知是“第三个原因是最重要的一点”，故选B最佳。

17. D根据美国文化，选D最佳，“独立精神”。

18. A并列否定用or，“甚至也不愿等飞机”。

19. C“遵循准确的时间表”，follow：遵循。

20. B上文说“汽车给了他们安排自己时间的自由”所以此处说“这是美国人最想拥有的自由”。

三. 阅读理解：
语篇解读：本文通过数字调查论证了慢速行驶可有助于避免重大交通事故。

1. D 解题关键是图表上方的文字解释。

The number at the top of each bar shows the total number of feet that it takes to stop the car .（柱形条上方的数据表明将车刹住所需英尺的总数。

）因此，该题选择D。

2. C The white area shows the car’s braking distance。

That’s the distance takes for the car to stop once the breaks are used .（白色区域表示汽车刹车的距离。

即当刹车时，汽车停下来所需要的距离。

）因此，该题选择C。

3. B 根据文章第一段以及图标所示，汽车的速度直接影响到了刹车距离的长短，因此B 项为正确答案。

A项中the braking distance的定义下错了，参照上一题解析；C项从图标中就可看出，司机在以每小时30—70英里的时速行驶时，刹车距离都要增加，only一词用错了；D项可根据第—段的第二句话排除，行驶较慢可使司机避免，serious accidents（重大事故），而不是all accidents（所有事故）。