IELTSWriting词汇贴讲座
2024雅思写作IELTSWriting课件
雅思写作是雅思考试中的一部分，主要评估考生的英语写作能力。
Task 1通常要求考生根据所给图表或数据写一篇报告，主要考察考生的数据分析和描述能力；Task 2则要求考生就某一话题发表自己的看法，主要考察考生的议论和表达能力。
雅思写作考试要求考生在限定时间内完成两篇作文，分别是Task 1和Task 2。
雅思写作考试简介0102雅思写作评分标准主要包…任务完成情况、语法和拼写、词汇使用、句子结构和连贯性。
任务完成情况评估考生是否按照题目要求完成了写作任务，是否清晰地回答了题目中的问题。
语法和拼写评估考生的语法和拼写是否正确、准确，是否影响了读者的理解。
词汇使用评估考生使用的词汇是否丰富、准确，是否能够恰当地表达自己的意思。
句子结构和连贯性评估考生的句子结构是否多样、复杂，是否使用了恰当的连接词和过渡语，使文章更加连贯和流畅。
030405雅思写作评分标准03要求考生根据所给的图表或数据写一篇报告，分析数据并得出结论。
常见的图表类型包括柱状图、折线图、饼图等。
图表作文要求考生就某一话题发表自己的看法，并给出理由和证据支持自己的观点。
常见的话题包括教育、环境、科技、社会等。
议论文要求考生在一篇文章中同时完成图表分析和议论两种任务，既需要描述数据又需要发表自己的观点。
这种题型对考生的综合能力要求较高。
混合类型作文雅思写作题型介绍审题与立意仔细阅读题目，理解题意在写作前，务必认真阅读题目，确保完全理解题目的要求和限制。
确定文章主题和观点根据题目要求，明确文章的主题和要表达的观点，确保立意明确、不跑题。
列出要点和论据在审题和立意的基础上，列出文章的主要要点和支持观点的论据，为写作做好准备。
03注意段落内部的逻辑关系在每个段落内部，要注意句子之间的逻辑关系，确保段落内部的连贯性和一致性。
01合理安排段落根据文章的主题和要点，合理安排段落，确保文章结构清晰、层次分明。
02使用合适的转折词和连接词在段落之间和句子之间使用合适的转折词和连接词，使文章更加连贯、流畅。
IELTS_WRITING(新东方课件)
3 结构组织
有一个明确的引言、主体 段落和结论，使整篇文章 结构清晰有力。
任务2：样本题目
国际旅游的利与弊
讨论国际旅游对个人和社会 带来的利益与影响，并提供 例子和证据。
社交媒体的影响
分析社交媒体在现代社会中 的影响力和影响，以及其对 个人和社会的积极和消极影 响。
城市交通方式
分析人们在城市中使用各种交通方式的情况，并预测未来的趋势。
资源利用
描述和比较不同国家或地区在资源利用上的差异和趋势。
任务1：技巧和策略
1 观察关键数据
在开始写作之前，仔细观察图表、图形或图像中的关键数据和趋势。
2 选择重点
选择最重要的数据和信息，并以逻辑清晰和有条理的方式进行描述和分析。
为什么雅思写作很重要？
雅思写作成绩是评估考生语言能力的重要指标之一。高分的写作能力不仅可 以帮助考生在雅思考试中获得好成绩，还可以为他们的学术和职业发展打下 坚实的基础。
任务1：概述
任务1主要要求考生根据提供的图表、图形或图像，描述和解释相关数据的变化、趋势和关系，以及提取出关 键信息并进行比较。
雅思写作（新东方课件）
本课程旨在帮助学在本课程中，我们将介绍雅思写作的重要性以及Task 1和Task 2的基本要素。
什么是雅思写作？
雅思写作是雅思考试中的一部分，用于评估考生的英语写作能力。它涉及到 从提纲、图表、图表和图像中提取信息，并进行描述、解释和比较。
任务1和任务2 的区别
1 结构
任务1通常需要描述和解释数据的变化和趋势，而任务2主要是发表观点和论述问题。
2 时间
任务1需要在较短的时间内完成，通常为20分钟左右，而任务2需要在较长的时间内完成， 通常为40分钟左右。
IELTSWritingTask1--bysimon
IELTS Writing Task 1: describe a processHere is some more advice for describing a process diagram. The question I'm using comes from Cambridge IELTS 6. It's also on this website(go down the page to test 3).Advice:1.Introduction: paraphrase the question statement (one sentence).2.Summary paragraph: write how many steps there are in each of the2 diagrams. You could also mention the first step and the last stepin each process (two sentences).3.Details: describe each step in the diagrams. We'll look at this nextweek.Here's my example introduction and summary paragraph:The figures illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing silk cloth.There are four main stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, from eggs to adult moth. The process of silk cloth production involves six steps, from silkworm cocoon to silk material.Can you see the paraphrasing I have used? Next week we'll work on describing the stages in each process.paraphrasing:diagrams=figuresshow=illustratestages=stepsthe life cycle of the silkworm=the stages in the life of a silkworm production=process of producing...=process of ...production.there are ...stages=...involves ...steps.Hello Simon,I hope the paraphrasing aboved is correct. I enjoy you daily lessions very much. I am preparing for the IELTS test, and your lessons help me a lot. Thank you very much.Here I have some qustions about this lession. The following is my sentence:There are six stages in the process of silk cloth production, beginning with selecting cocoons. Then the qualified cocoons will* be boiled, unwind into* thread, and the thread will be twisted and finally weaved.My first question is that should I use future tense (will be boiled....) or present simple tense (is boiled)?The second question is that which preposition should i use? (the qualified cocoons will be unwind into* thread: should I use "into") ?I am looking forward to your reply. Thanks again.Best wishesTheresaHi Theresa,Your paraphrasing is perfect. Here are the answers to your questions:1. I would use the present simple to describe processes e.g. "The selected (not 'qualified') cocoons are boiled."2. I would avoid trying to use a preposition - I'd find another way to describe it e.g. "The cocoon is unwound, leaving a single thread". Or, "it is then possible to unwind the cocoon in order to have a thread of silk."Hope this helps,SimonWhen describing stages in a process:1.Start at the beginning. Use words that clearly show the stages (e.g.firstly, at the first stage, after that, next, following this,finally).e the present simple tense.e the 'active' when someone or something does the action (e.g.the moth lays its eggs).e the 'passive' when it is not important to say who or what doesthe action (e.g. the silk cloth is dyed).Here are some example sentences from last week's question: The life cycle of the silkworm begins when the moth lays its eggs.∙After 10 days the silkworm larva is born, and 4 to 6 weeks later the larva produces silk thread.∙At the first stage in the production of silk cloth the cocoon is boiled in water.∙Next, the silk thread is unwound and twisted.∙It is then dyed, to give it colour, or woven to make cloth and then dyed.I have highlighted the passive verbs and the words that mark stages.Advice: you can avoid difficult passive verbs like 'unwound' or 'woven' by writing 'it is then possible to unwind' or 'the thread is then ready for weaving'.IELTS Writing Task 1: describe a tableToday I'm going to look at a question from Cambridge IELTS book 5 (page 98). You can see the question and an example answer on this website.The problem with the example answer is that it is long (233 words) and quite complicated. I'm going to suggest some changes, starting with the introduction and summary paragraph.1. Introduction. Paraphrase the question (make small changes):∙The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities.2. Summary paragraph. Look for the most noticeable feature or main trend:∙The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use them each year. It is clear that thethree oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantlymore passengers than the newer systems.Next week I'll add the final paragraphs.Last week I wrote the introduction and summary paragraph for this question. The example answer on the website is good, but it's 233 words long, it contains a few mistakes, and it's a bit complicated.I've now written the full essay. I've followed my usual 4 paragraph structure (see previous Task 1 lessons) and I've tried to make the essay clear and simple.I'd give my essay a band 9, but maybe I'm biased! Please let me know if you find any mistakes in my writing (nobody's perfect), or ask if anything is unclear.Describe a table (Cambridge IELTS 5, page 98)The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities. The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use them each year. It is clear that the three oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems.The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863. It is also the largest system, with 394 kilometres of route. The second largest system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with 199 kilometres of route. However, it serves more people per year. While only third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1927 million passengers per year.Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most extensive, with 126 kilometres of route, compared to only 11 kilometres and28 kilometres for the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles network is the newest, having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the smallest and serves only 45 million passengers per year.(185 words)Analysis of this essay:∙ Simple paragraph structure: Introduction, summary paragraph, one paragraph about the 3 older systems, one paragraph about the 3newer systems.∙ Select key information: There is too much information to include in ashort essay. I found it difficult to write less than 185 words. Notice that Itried to include only one (sometimes two) statistics for each city.∙ Compare as much as possible: e.g. London is the oldest and largest; Paris is about half the size but serves more people.∙ Commas: Notice how I use commas to add extra information e.g. “…isthe oldest system, having opened in…” I often use the word “with” aftera comma to add a figure to the end of a sentence e.g. “…is the mostused, with 1927 million passengers.”ModelIt is a nice piece of writingI have tried one.The table reveals information on the Underground railway station among six cities during two centuries.As is shown by the table, London, the oldest railway system, has by farthe longest distance with 394 km, closely followed Paris, the second oldest underground railway , with 199 km, or equaling a haft distance of London system. This then preceded the opening of the railway system in Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoto and Los Angeles.Interestingly, although Tokyo has the middle position as regards the kilometers of route with 155 km, it appears to be the highest system used by passengers, with 1927 million. This number is considerably higher than that of both Paris and London. These figures are 1191 and 775, respectively.Surprisingly, Kyoto and Los Angeles have the lowest number of either kilometers of route and passengers per year. In fact, the number of passengers using both of them is a great deal less than that of Washington DC, with approximately three times less , while the distance of Kyoto and Los Angeles railway system is negligible (ranging from 11 to 28).In conclusion, London has the highest number of kilometers of route, while Tokyo occurs to be the successful railway system with the overwhelming majority of passengers(193 ws)IELTS Writing Task 1: comparing (bar charts)。
ielts writing 1
1、 How do you feel about writing in English?2 The marking criteria• Task achievement / Task response•Coherence and cohesion•Lexical resource•Grammatical range and accuracy3、In Task 1 of the IELTS Academic Paper you will be asked to describe a chart（bar/pie）, line graphs（曲线图），table, diagram or map. You need to write at least 150 words. It’s best to spend 20 minutes on Task 1 to leave yourself enough time for Task 2 (remember Task 2 is worth more marks).Structure：1、topic2、the main trends3、significant data points which illustrate the main trend（notevery detail ）4、conclusion（optional）建议：1、the reader should be able to see the chart in his mind when he reads your answer2、it is critical you select the right informationExaminers look for those essays identifying the significant and main trends as opposed to the mechanical description of all the data. Practice this skill by discussing the main points to be included in an essay with other students or friends in Chinese before worrying about expressing this in writing in English.Spend a few minutes with each question identifying 2-3 main and significant points in the diagram.Skill IYou should spend approximately 20 minutes planning and writing your task 1 answerBefore you begin writing your task 1 response, you need to spend 2-3 minutes analyzing the chart.If you do not do this, you may misinterpret the chart or miss out important main trends or detailsIf you analyse carefully, you help yourself to write a clear, thorough and well-planned answer.Follow these 4 key points:1 read and understand the topic2 check the time scale(时间标记) and the units of measurement （计量单位）3 find the main trends4 choose the significant data pointsRubric（题目）AutomateStandby power 待机电力1 what is the topic of this chart2 what are the units of measurement ?3 what is the time frame of this chart? Is it past, present and/or future or is it a fact chart(i.e. always true)? What verb tense should you use?4 what are the main trends?5 what are the significant data points?Skill 2 writing topic sentence and finding main trendsYour first sentence needs to describe the topic of the chart, and the following sentences should describe the main trends of the charts.You need to change the words used in the rubic. You can change the grammar or the words. Do not copy the chunks of the rubric exactlyRemember, your task is to make a clear and accurate picture for the reader. Writing a main trend sentence is an important part of creating a clear pictureMain trend sentence should go after your topic sentence. You should write one or two sentences about main trends.Skill 3After you have described the topic and the main trends, you need to write about the details of the chartCandidates who try to describe every data point do not get good scores on Task 1 writing answers. Remember , you are making a clear picture for the reader. Your job is to select the significant data points to do thisYou also need to group the data to help the reader to picture and understand the chart. Grouping the data is key to effective coherence in your writing.Skill 4 describing trendsIn the details paragraphs, you must summarise the information shown in the graph. You must include data, but also describe trends as you do so.Try to vary your sentence structures and vocabulary. Demonstrating a wide range of grammar and vocabulary, used at the right time and in the right way, is central to getting high scores in these two criteria.If you regularly repeat the same vocabulary and grammar, you will not get a high band score.Research and practice some different vocabulary and sentence structures. For example, activity 8 has provided you with a list of ways to express the idea of using something.Make your own lists of other useful language by studying other sample answers, and refer to these frequently.Learn a few items well. Do not try to learn too many structures without knowing how to use them appropriatelyLook for:Language to describe rising and fallingCompare and contrast(the sky of the equator appears more orderly than it does further south and further north)Average trends and unusual data points (far higher or lower than average)Skill 5 comparing and contrastingStructures for comparing and contrasting are very important when writing good task 1 answers.Some useful structuresComparative and superlative structuresBy far the most /the highest/the lowest……X is significantly greater /smaller than YX spent (50%/a great deal)more /less(time/money)on…..than YX spent the least /the most …on…SimilarBoth x and YX and y show a similar patternOppositeWhereas /while….illustrates a different trendHoweverIn contrast, onlyHere are some tips to help you with the task:•Read the question carefully and make sure you understand the graph, chart, table, diagram or map. Be clear about what you are describing.•Write a short introduction by paraphrasing the question (i.e.rewrite the question in your own words).•Be sure to give a summary (i.e. look at the big picture –what’s happening overall. There’s no need to mention any numbers in this part.)•Try to use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary. •Separate your paragraphs.•Choose the key information to describe or compare.•Make comparisons where you can. Avoid simply stating what is in the question.•Describe specific details. Use the numbers in the chart, table or graph to help you describe the key points.•Divide your main description into 2 paragraphs. This will help you to have a clear structure and organisation; especiallyimportant when the question has two separate diagrams, tables or maps.A couple of things to avoid:•Describing every single detail – there are usually a lot of numbers. You don’t need to mention them all.•Giving reasons or sharing your opinions - the question will not ask you to do this.A Task 1 example复习评分标准For this task, students looked at a bar chart showing changes in average house prices in a number of cities over time. They were asked to summarise the information and make comparisons.Here’s the answer:The illustration presents data on shifts in average home worths between 1990 and 2002 in five various cities. It is contrasted with the average house prices in 1989. It is clear that there is an erratic pattern of variation between these periods.On the average, there is a negative deflection of prices from 1990 to 1995. Sixty percent of the five cities shows a lower than zero percentage change from the 1989 prices. The involved areas are New York, London and Tokyo. On the positive side, Madrid and Frankfurt gained an above zero change.From 1996 to 2002, most of the cities have an average house price above zero. The peak percentage change was reached with more than ten percent of the marks. Tokyo was the only city with a negative deflection in this time period.Among the five places, two cities showed a consistent positive change in the average house prices. On the other hand, Tokyo remained below negative in a twelve year period. This comprises 10% of the total areas.In conclusion, the average house prices in the period for 1990 to 2002 is varied. The percentage changes also differ in comparison from the 1989 prices.4、Academic Writing Task 2 - question types and essay formatsIn the Academic Task 2 essay you may be asked from a range of questions. Whatever the question, it’s good to have an essay structure in mind. A four-paragraph structure is the most common, and the easiest to adapt to different questions.Before you take the test, practice using the structure so you can plan your essay quickly on the day of the test.Here are some possible question types and four-paragraph structures to match:（1）Agree or DisagreeMany children these days have an unhealthy diet. Both schools and parents are equally responsible for solving this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?1 Introduction: paraphrase the question and give a general answerthat will summarise your opinion2 Main paragraph 1: I agree/disagree because … + supportingreasons3 Main paragraph 2: Another reason I agree / disagree is …4 Conclusion: paraphrase your argument and sum up.（2）Advantages or Disadvantages outweigh each otherIn some countries, governments are encouraging people to use their cars less and to take public transport instead. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?1 Introduction: topic and give your opinion (more advantages ordisadvantages?)2 Main paragraph 1: Advantages3 Main paragraph 2: Disadvantages4 Conclusion: summarise your opinion in a different way from theintroduction（3）Problem and SolutionCrime rates tend to be higher in cities than in smaller towns. Explain some possible reasons for this problem and suggest some solutions.1 Introduction: topic and general answer to question2 Main paragraph 1: Give reasons for problem3 Main paragraph 2: Offer some solutions4 Conclusion: summarise (and paraphrase) your argument（4）Discuss two views plus your opinionSome people say children use technology too much these days. Others believe that using technology now will help them in the future. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.1 Introduction: topic and give your opinion2 Main paragraph 1: Discuss one view3 Main paragraph 2: Discuss second view4 Conclusion: summarise (and paraphrase) your opinion（5）Two-part questionsSome people think that history as a subject at school is not useful and should be replaced with a more practical subject. Why do you think it is important to learn about history? What would be the effect if children were not taught history?1 Introduction: topic and give an overall answer to both questions2 Main paragraph 1: Answer first question3 Main paragraph 2: Answer second question4 Conclusion: summarise both answersOne or two general points:•Introduce the topic by paraphrasing the question•Try to give two or three ideas in each paragraph•Always support your ideas with examples•Make sure examples are quite general – not personal examples •Conclude by summarising your opinion in a different way from the into (paraphrase)A Task 2 example2084 commentsNow look at an answer to a Task 2 question. In this question learners were asked to talk about job satisfaction. What does job satisfaction mean to the individual and what does it mean in a wider context?Here’s one student’s answer:As adults, many people find they have less time on their hands to spend on themselves. This usually occurs in adulthood because people tend to spend most of their time on working on their career. With all the hours put into building a career, it is important to have a job that can cater to a person’s needs.There are several factors that contribute to job satisfaction. First and foremost, it is important that there is a healthy work place environment. This is essential for keeping a person in a good state of mind and body. It is also vital for a person to love his or her job, whether it is writing for a newspaper or walking on the moon. When people are passionate about what they do, they will not have to work a day in their lives. However, it is important to keep in mind that money does matter. Though it would be idial to have a wonderful job and high salary, it is not always the case. It is important for these two elements to meet in the middle to have a truly satisfying job.Having job satisfaction can easily be achieved if a person remembers those three ideas. As long as a person has the right credentials, there will always be an opportunity to find a job he or she will love. Reaching job satisfaction is not impossible if a person shows great interest in his or her work, receives a good salary and has a good environment having a satisfying job is easy to do.What do you think about this answer? Share your comments.Cork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable material. It is tough, elastic, buoyant, and fire-resistant, and suitable for a wide range of purposes. It has also been used for millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcophagi (stone coffins) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it for anything from beehives to sandals.And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary tree. Its bark grows up to 20cm in thickness, insulating the tree like a coat wrapped around the trunk and branches and keeping the inside at a constant 20°C all year round. Developed most probably as a defence against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in replicating. The cells are filledwith air, which is why cork is so buoyant. It also has an elasticity that means you can squash it and watch it spring back to its original size and shape when you release the pressure.Cork oaks grow in a number of Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco. They flourish in warm, sunny climates where there is a minimum of 400 millimetres of rain per year, and not more than 800 millimetres. Like grape vines, thetrees thrive in poor soil, putting down deep roots in search of moisture and nutrients.Southern Portugal’s A lentejo region meets all of these requirements, which explains why, by the early 20th century, this region had become the world’s largest producer of cork, and why today it accounts for roughly half of all cork production around the world.Most cork forests are family-owned. Many of these family businesses, and indeed many of the trees themselves, are around 200 years old. Cork production is, above all, an exercise in patience. From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree. And for top-quality cork, it’s necessary to wait a further 15 or 20 years. You even have to wait for the right kind of summer’s day to harvest cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when it’s too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be damaged.Cork harvesting is a very specialised profession. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers. First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes, then lever it away in pieces as large as they can manage. The most skilful cork-strippers prise away a semi-circular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the first branches. It is then dried on the ground for about four months, before being taken to factories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might remain in the cork. Over 60% of cork then goes on to be made into traditional bottle stoppers, with most of the remainder being used in the construction trade. Corkboard and cork tiles are ideal for thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manufacture of concrete.Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the bottle. This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and mould. The tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper tomanufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, however. Firstly, its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated. Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without difficulty. Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted. So, given the current concerns about environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks promising.Passage TwoThe search for the anti-aging pillin government laboratories and elsewhere, scientist are seeking a drug able to prolong life and youthful vigor.Studies of caloric restriction are showing in get wayAs researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging - the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie* yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.*calorie: a measure of the energy value of foodUnfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty per cent, equivalent to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750.Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end.But what if someone could create a pill that mimicked the physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to eat less?Could such a ‘caloric-restriction mimetic', as we call it, enable people to stay healthy longer, postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life?Scientists first posed this question in the mid-1990s, after researchers came upon a chemical agent that in rodents seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction's benefits. No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet, but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction (CR) mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.The benefits of caloric restrictionThe hunt for CR mimetics grew out of a desire to better understand caloric restriction's many effects on the body. Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60 years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age. What is more, some of the treated animals survived longer than the oldest-living animals in the control group, which means that the maximum lifespan (the oldest attainable age), not merely the normal lifespan, increased. Various interventions, such as infection-fighting drugs, can increase a population's average survival time, but only approaches that slow the body's rate of aging will increase the maximum lifespan.The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters. Until fairly recently, the studies were limited to short-lived creatures genetically distant from humans. But caloric-restriction projects underway in two species more closely related to humans - rhesus and squirrel monkeys - have made scientists optimistic that CR mimetics could help people.The monkey projects demonstrate that, compared with control animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease), and they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels). Further, it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease. They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum lifespans in monkeys. Unlike the multitude of elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure, CR mimetics would alter fundamental processes that underlie aging. We aim to develop compounds that fool cells into activating maintenance and repair.How a prototype caloric-restriction mimetic worksThe best-studied candidate for a caloric-restriction mimetic, 2DG (2-deoxy-D-glucose), works by interfering with the way cells process glucose. It has proved toxic at some doses in animals and so cannot be used in humans. But it has demonstrated that chemicals can replicate the effects of caloric restriction; the trick is finding the right one. Cells use the glucose from food to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that powers many activities in the body. By limiting food intake, caloric restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation. When 2DG is administered to animals that eat normally, glucose reaches cells in abundance but the drug prevents most of it from being processed and thus reduces ATP synthesis. Researchers have proposed several explanations for why interruption of glucose processing and ATP production might retard aging. One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells. Reduced operation of the machinery should limit theirproduction and thereby constrain the damage. Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn't) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such ‘luxuries' as gr。
新东方雅思写作讲义
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version －Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it ma de______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health.Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2)(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong.Some people hold the opinion that ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________While some argue that ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3)(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement You should use your own experience to support your argument.According to some __________, air travel should be _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5Some people propose that___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4)(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punishedAverage Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished. Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefully teach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpointsFrom my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5)Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6)3. Report－Introduction写作对策Today, the phenomenon that_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern.In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1:Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to studyExercise3: Topic－欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version －分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。
雅思写作讲座(新航道)lesson 1
Requirements
1. 认真阅读历年真题 2. 对应相应不太会写的内容做提纲训练 3. 写作文后自己修改 （语法，词汇）-先质后量 4. 教师批改后自己再次修改 5. 在复习时候，应该针对话题然后按照题型训 练
WRITING
雅思写作的训练方法
（1）精读 （2）互译 （3）改写
何为模板？
有用网站
一. TR（Task Response任务反应情况） 二. CC（Coherence& Cohension连贯和衔接）
三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源）
四. GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度）
WRITING
英文写作的特点：(第一条评分标准）
IELTS WRITING：TASK II
低于Band 5的六种技术情况：
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 没有完成写作任务 格式错误 字迹模糊，难以辨认 Task 1和Task 2写反 攻击考官
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
不能缩写 不能格式混乱 不能使用口语化词语 不能英式英语美式英语混用 while 的用法 字迹模糊，难以辨认 Task 1和Task 2写反 题型判断错误
IELTS WRITING：TASK II
三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源） 正式，准确，多样 四.
GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度） 准确，多样，时态，简单句+复杂句
四大问题
语 法
注意!!!
词汇 搭配
组织 逻辑 写作技巧
中式思维 中式语序 中式表达方式
雅思写作各大话题词汇汇总
雅思写作各大话题词汇汇总教育：知识+能力褒义万能理由acquire/gain/be informed of knowledge 获取知识widen one's scope of knowledge 拓展知识面have quick and easy access to something 快速接触到某物cultivate/nurture/foster skills/ability/competence 培养能力promote/accelerate the development of...促进发展motivate/drive sb. to do... 促使某人做某事improve/enhance one's physical/mental health 改善身心健康stimulate/arouse/raise one's interest in 激发某人在…的兴趣tap one’s interest in 开发某人在…的兴趣relieve/release/ease stress/pressure缓解/释放压力boost/enhance efficiency 提高效率fulfill one's potential 发展潜能tap one’s potential 挖掘潜能integrate theory with practice 理论与实践相结合set/provide a solid foundation for 为...打下坚实的基础prepare oneself for future life/career为未来生活/职业做好准备adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change适应环境/变化Increase their employability 增强就业适应能力cope with the fierce/intense competition 应对激烈的竞争Raise competitiveness 提升竞争力Expand social circle扩大交际圈Develop one’s ability to adapt to the society培养某人适应社会的能力Rekindle students` enthusiasm about…重新点燃学生们对于...的热情strengthen students` willpower 锻炼学生们的意志力Keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使得技能可以与时俱进Become outstanding/prominent 脱颖而出Become proficient in reading and writing skills 熟练地掌握读写技能Improve their analytical skills 提高他们的分析能力Sharpen their skill 强化技能Help students to grasp a wide range of skills 帮助学生掌握广泛的技能Hone their problem-solving skills 提升它们解决问题的能力Promote students’ intellectual growth 促进学生思维能力发展Develop their observation skills 发展观察能力Foster students’ critical thinking abilities 培养学生的辩证思维能力Increase their logical thinking skills 增进逻辑思维能力Encourage and nurture their creative development and imagination 鼓励培养他们创造力和想象力Enhance their interpersonal communication skills 提升人际沟通能力Equip them with employment skills 装备就业技能Increase their employ-ability 增进它们的就业适应性Improve their career prospects after graduation 提升学生毕业之后的职业发展前景Find a decent job 找到体面的工作Develop self-discipline 发展自制力Enhance comprehensive quality 提高综合素质Develop their skills (thinking and learning skills; problem-solving skills, social skills, communication skills, cooperating skills; creative ability, artistic skills) 发展他们的技能(思考和学习能力；解决问题的能力；社交能力；交流能力；合作；创新；艺术)Improve their academic skills 提高他们的学术技能Gain/lack practical experience 获得/缺乏实践经验Lack self-discipline 缺乏自我约束力Increase/enhance their independence 增强独立性Develop good learning habits 形成良好的习惯Boost their life skills 提升他们的生活技能Teach their children good manners 教给孩子良好的举止Meet/satisfy students’ needs/demands满足学生的需要boost children's confidence 提升自信sharpen one' employment skills 强化就业技能Shape one’s character 养成良好的性格Boost their life skills 提升他们的生活技能broaden one's knowledge and open one's view 拓展知识和开拓视野better prepare themselves for future life 为将来的生活做好更好的准备face the challenge 面对挑战cope with the fierce/intense competition 应对激烈的竞争give equal education opportunities to economically-disadvantaged students 给贫穷的学生提供平等的教育机会have a good grasp of lessons 很好地掌握课堂知识have a good mastery of communication skills 熟练掌握交流技能strengthen adaptability 提升适应性advance their career 促进他们的职业发展strengthen one’s operative skills 提高操作技能boost their life skills 提升他们的生活技能enhance comprehensive quality 提高综合素质receive quality education 接受素质教育贬义万能理由：耗时间idle away their time破坏孩子的身体/心理健康damage theirphysical/psychological well-being 分散学生的注意力distract students from...沉迷于be addicted to/be indulged in/ indulge oneself in /be obsessed with 加重学习压力intensify academic pressure 让孩子们变得软弱weaken children`s willpower削弱学生对于...的兴趣sap/ dampen students` interest in浪费孩子的潜力waste youngsters` potential导致理论与实践相脱节disconnect theory from practice扼杀/伤害创造力stifle/undermine creativity降低效率lower/diminish efficiency让学生产生挫败感frustrate students让学生疲惫不堪make students exhausted变得消极/失去动力get demotivated失去个性lose individuality伤害他们的自尊damage their self-esteem削弱他们的信心diminish their self-confidence教育话题其他必备表达:高等教育high-level/university/tertiary education初级教育low-level/elementary/primary education义务教育compulsory education应试教育exam-oriented education素质教育quality-oriented education全面发展的教育education for all-round development环境话题Solutionconserve resources 节约资源preserve the environment 保护环境promote sustainable development 促进可持续发展raise / elevate citizen`s awareness of 提高公民的…意识harness natural resources开发自然资源enrich biodiversity 丰富生物多样性reduce car emissions 减少尾气排放recycle something 循环利用某物renewable energy可再生资源non-renewable energy不可再生资源degradable materials可降解的材料shoulder one`s responsibility 承担责任protect/preserve wild animals 保护野生动物use resources properly 正确利用资源support and encourage the use of sustainable energy sources 支持并鼓励使用具有可持续性的能源reduce global dependence on fossil fuels 减少全球对化石燃料的依赖Achieve a higher level of environmental development 在发展过程当中实现更高程度的环境可持续性reduce private car use 减少对私家车的使用Reduce the excessive reliance on fossil fuels 减少对化石燃料的过渡依赖Control industrial pollution 控制工业污染develop clean energy projects发展清洁能源工程Formulate some related policies and rules and regulations 制定相关政策和法律法规Issue/launch environment-related laws出台环境相关的法律Regulate one’s behavior规范人们的行为Raise public’s green awareness 提高环保意识Reduce greenhouse gas emission 减少温室气体的排放Reduce our dependence on private cars 减少我们对私家车的依赖Walk or cycle to and from work 步行或骑自行车上下班Raise/arouse/evoke public awareness/consciousness of environmental issues 提高/唤醒公众对于环境问题的意识Increase the public`s environmental awareness 提高公众的环境意识Environmental education campaigns 大规模的环境教育宣传活动Media coverage of environmental issues 媒体对于环境问题的报道Be educated about environmental issues at school 在学校里接受关于环境问题的教育Public education programs on environmental protection 关于环境保护的公众教育项目arouse/evoke people's consciousness of environmental protection 唤醒人们的环境保护意识guarantee the sustainable development 保证可持续发展correct our near-sightedness 改正我们的短见develop renewable / alternative / cleaner / greener energy 发展可再生（清洁）能源launch environment-related laws 建立环境相关的法律enforce strict laws and regulations 实施严格的法律法规recyclable materials 可重复利用的材料non-renewable sources 不可再生资源degradable materials 可降解的材料环境话题Problems/Reasons消耗资源consume/ deplete resources严重破坏环境ruin/ devastate the environment环境恶化the deterioration of environment以生态为代价发展经济push forward the economy at the expense of ecosystem滥用自然资源misuse natural resources使生态系统恶化aggravate the ecosystem威胁生物多样性jeopardize biodiversity忽视尾气问题overlook the emission problem扔掉某物throw something away逃避某人的责任shirk one`s responsibility威胁野生动物的生存endanger wild animals耗尽资源use up /exhaust人类活动对自然资源构成压力human activities put pressure on natural resources对自然资源构成严重的压力put a severe strain on natural resources对于某事物的需求已经远远超过了供给the demand for...has far exceeded the supply过度地开采自然资源over-exploit natural resources正在以不具有可持续性的速度被消耗be depleted at an unsustainable rate对于自然资源快速上升的需求the rapidly rising demand for natural resources 破坏环境harm/damage/ do harm to the environment威胁到环境pose a threat to／threaten the environment环境的恶化the deterioration of the environment对化石能源的过渡依赖an excessive dependence on fossil fuels 见证污染能源的衰竭witness the sudden collapse of dirty energy逆转对河流和森林的伤害reverse the damage to the rivers and forests暴露在污染中会威胁健康the exposure to pollution pose a threat to health导致可怕的后果lead to dire consequences让地球变得不那么适于居住make the planet less habitable for our species对生态系统的破坏是不可逆转的the damage to the ecosystemis irreversible 对生态系统产生极其严重的破坏have devastating effects on the ecosystem工作类seize employment就业hunt jobs 找工作succeed in finding decent jobs 成功找到体面的工作get a well-paid job 找到高薪工作have access to a larger social circle 能够通往更大的社交圈promote job satisfaction 提高工作满意度fulfill/realize their ambitions 实现他们的梦想gain a sense of fulfillment 收获充实感live／lead a comfortable life 过着舒服的生活cover living expenses 支付生活费enter the workforce 参加工作adapt to the workplace 适应职场manage to overcome the difficulties 成功克服问题keep pace with the relentless urbanization 跟上快速的城市化进程high employment rate has far-reaching effects. 高的就业率有深远的影响。
九分学长雅思写作讲义
九分学长雅思写作讲义
1. 内容涵盖：
九分学长雅思写作讲义可能会包括对于雅思写作任务1和任务2的详细讲解。
对于任务1，讲义可能会介绍如何描述图表、流程图、地图等不同类型的数据，并给出范例和写作技巧。
对于任务2，讲义可能会涵盖不同类型的题目，如讨论型、观点对比型、问题解决型等，以及如何构思和组织文章结构。
2. 写作技巧：
讲义可能会介绍一些写作技巧，比如如何避免常见的语法错误、如何使用丰富多样的词汇和句式结构、如何进行段落间的衔接等。
此外，还可能包括如何在有限的时间内高效地完成写作任务，以及如何提高写作的逻辑性和连贯性等方面的建议。
3. 范文解析：
九分学长雅思写作讲义可能会提供一些高分范文的解析，分析范文的优点之处，比如论点的合理性、论证的充分性、语言的表
达准确性等，帮助考生了解什么样的表达方式和思路可以得到高分。
4. 常见题型分析：
讲义可能会对雅思写作常见的题型进行分析，比如环境类、
教育类、社会类等，指导考生如何应对不同类型的题目，以及如何
找到合适的论据和例子支撑自己的观点。
总的来说，九分学长雅思写作讲义是一份全面系统的教学材料，旨在帮助考生全面提高雅思写作的能力，从而取得更好的成绩。
希
望这些信息能对你有所帮助。
雅思词汇课试讲教案模板
一、教学目标1. 帮助学生掌握雅思考试中常见的词汇和短语，提高词汇量。
2. 培养学生灵活运用词汇的能力，提高雅思写作和口语的得分。
3. 增强学生的英语学习兴趣，激发学生主动学习词汇的热情。
二、教学重点与难点1. 教学重点：雅思考试中常见的词汇和短语，词汇的记忆和运用。
2. 教学难点：词汇的记忆方法，词汇在写作和口语中的灵活运用。
三、教学过程1. 导入新课（1）教师简要介绍雅思考试及词汇在雅思考试中的重要性。
（2）播放一段与雅思考试相关的视频，激发学生学习兴趣。
2. 词汇学习（1）教师展示一组雅思考试中常见的词汇，引导学生进行阅读和记忆。
（2）学生分组，进行词汇接龙游戏，巩固所学词汇。
（3）教师针对重点词汇进行讲解，包括词性、词义、用法等。
3. 词汇运用（1）教师给出几个例句，引导学生分析词汇在句子中的运用。
（2）学生根据所学词汇，仿写句子，提高词汇运用能力。
（3）教师挑选优秀例句进行点评，帮助学生改进。
4. 写作练习（1）教师给出雅思写作话题，要求学生运用所学词汇进行写作。
（2）学生独立完成写作任务，教师巡视指导。
（3）学生展示自己的写作成果，教师进行点评和修改。
5. 口语练习（1）教师给出雅思口语话题，要求学生运用所学词汇进行口语表达。
（2）学生分组进行口语练习，教师巡视指导。
（3）学生展示自己的口语成果，教师进行点评和指导。
6. 总结与作业（1）教师对本节课所学内容进行总结，强调重点和难点。
（2）布置课后作业，要求学生复习所学词汇，并尝试在写作和口语中运用。
四、教学反思1. 教师应关注学生的个体差异，针对不同学生的学习情况，调整教学策略。
2. 教学过程中，注重激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生的学习积极性。
3. 课后作业要具有针对性，帮助学生巩固所学知识，提高雅思考试成绩。
雅思写作大作文专用讲义
第一讲雅思写作考试对中国考生的四个难点(Chapter 1: The Four Hurdles in IELTS Writing Test)难点一: Academic Writing 学术类写作问题的特殊要求(改错练习) 1. Since private companies don't care much about the public interests, so the government has a significant role to play in scientific research. (不能缩写)2. Why these travellers damage the environment should be analyzed. (英式美式拼法不能混用)3. We must do our best(utmost) to protect (preserve) animals. (词汇用法太嫩)4. It is clear (manifest) that pornographic shows do harm to (undermine, endanger, jeopardy) the lives of lots of youngster (adolescent).词汇,专有特定的修饰5. Nowadays (In present-day society), human beings face big challenges in many areas.6. In these day and age, many companies have replaced telephone with internet.7. We are confronted with many environmental problems. They are becoming more and more serious. (句式,语法)8. The traffic problem is becoming worse. We must work together to solve it.(句子结构)9. So individuals, communities and the government all must work hard tofight crime! (不应该带感情色彩)10. We must be friendly to other because the Bible said, "Treat your neighbors as you would like to be treated." (文化背景,圣经不可用)难点二: No specific topic pool. 题库大,没有公开,而且题目变化多.对策:掌握思考素材的四种方法对策: 雅思写作"语法的七宗罪"改错练习1. Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employee. (n.可数不可数)2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. (v.原型不可做主语)2.2 Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. (被动语态)Poor children can face problems when they grow up.2.3 The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve. (主谓一致)2.4 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar. (时态)3. Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers. 副词4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globalization may create. 介词4.2 The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.5. Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.6. These old buildings should be destroyed, new buildings must be constructed. 逗号7. These are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.补充材料IELTS 作文复杂句的七种内部关系(Seven possible relationships Underlying a complex sentence)Cause and effect因果关系标志词1)表示原因的because, as, since, due to, owing to (画横线的连接词请重点掌握)2)表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),As a consequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的),As a result…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果) so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment. 生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此,我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染.Exemplification 举例关系标志词…is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比如…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例证…)e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. TakeChina for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以中国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时候,通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影. Comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contraste.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could oftenperform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧X,而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务.e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.Concession 让步关系标志词Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.2 Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的,尽管很枯燥和机械.3The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.Definition 下定义关系标志词A is best characterized by…( A 最明显的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen observations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,毅力和敏锐的观察.Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.Supposition假设论证, 标志词provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…)only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要) if…, suppose that…e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.e.g. Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.Modification 修饰关系标志词that, which, whoIn this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly likethe buildings our ancestors built.Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.补充资料IELTS 写作考试的常用模板和句型进步类1) In contemporary society, the human race is advancing at an unprecedented rate in a multitude of arenas.=in many fields. 在当今社会,人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展.2) Today we have embarked upon the …era. 今天,我们已经进入了…的时代.We have embarked on the information era. –he has embarked on the road of committing crimes.3) Since the advent/arrival of the…era… 随着…时代的到来…例句:Since the advent of the information era, our efficiency at work has been greatly enhanced.随着信息时代的到来,我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高.例句 2 With the advent of the information era, school education has undergone profound changes at an accelerated rate.倒退类4) But A is accompanied by B 但是伴随着…(某种好现象)的到来,某种坏现象也出现了.例句:But the proliferation of English is accompanied by the extinction of many lesser-known languages.但是随着英语的广泛传播的是大量小语种的消亡.5) Accompanying all the advantages brought about by the profound social changes have come some sufferings; and …is very prominent among them. 随着深刻的社会变革带来的种种好处,出现了很多问题,…是其中很显著的一个.Please analyze causes of traffic congestion, and give some solutions. Accompanying all the conveniences brought about by violent social changes have come some negative effects, and traffic congestion is the most pressing one / the most serious one.6) With the incidence(发生率) of …hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. …的发生率居高不下,这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉.Traffic offenses have become a problem confronting modern people, please give some suggestions of how to deal with it effectively.With the incidence of traffic accidents hovering at high level, many people, especially sociologist and anthropologist, have shown great concern.7) In this day a nd age, it is standard practice for … to do something. 今天,某些人做某事是很普遍的.例句:In this day and age, it is standard practice for parents to rush around all day busying themselves with their work. Many of them cannot spare some time to take care of their children,which has led to some serious social consequences. This essay will make some analysis concerning this phenomenon.8) Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注.Juvenile delinquency is an issue/topic worth our concern / discussion / analysis.Efforts will be made to analyze this topic in this essay.9) The issue of … has been thrown into sharp focus. …引起了人们的强烈关注.例句:Soaring car ownership has thrown the issue of car accidents into public attention / widespread concern.10) Howev er, there is no consensus on …yet. 或者people hold divergent /contrasting/conflicting view on… 或者people are divided over… 不同的人关于某个问题持不同的看法.例句:People hold contrasting views on animal experiments.人们对动物试验持不同的看法.Some people hold that the experimentation on animals is justified. However, others believe that this practice is a reflection of cruelty. From my perspective, it is advantageous to some degree whilst its drawbacks can never be overlooked. / As for some experiments, animals are irreplaceable subjects but I think we should be kind as possible as we can when carrying out these experiments. /I think this practice is to some extent cruel and unjust to animals but at least in the near future we cannotget rid of it completely.11) Something has been growing at an alarming/ staggering rate. 某事物正在以令人震惊的速度增长.例句:With the car ownership soaring in China, traffic accidents have been growing at an alarming/staggering rate. Accompanied by the dramatic development of society, women crimes have been growing at an alarming rate. Such a grave situation has aroused widespread concern, especially sociologist and educationists. In essay attempts will be made to explore the causes of this issue and provide some feasible solutions.12) Whether…has triggered /aroused heated debate / discussion.是否应该…引起了激烈的辩论Whether… is an issue open to debate 或者Whether…is a controversial issue. 例句:Whether student should appraise their teachers' performance is an issue open to debate.是否学生应该评价老师的教学是一个没有定论的问题.13) Some (people) assert/ argue/hold/maintain/claim/assume that… 有一些人认为…例句:Some people assert that relocating large companies to the countryside is the best way to resolve the traffic and housing problems in cities. 一些人认为把大公司搬到乡村是解决城市交通和住房的最好方法.14) …is largely fuelled by...某现象主要是被…所推动.例句:The proliferation of plastic bag is largely fuelled by the pursuit for lowercosts.IELTS 议论文主体段写作加分37句型前进类1 profit fromPeople throughout the world can profit from the advancement in motorized flight.Flight to transport fruits to places where there is no such fruits or not in season.Mobile phones can bring about some drawbacks such diseases. Whether we should avoid using mobile phones.People throughout the world / in every corner of the world can profit from the advancement of information technology. Nowadays we can keep in touch with each other and communicate with our friends or clients quickly by means of mobiles phones. However, some research reveals that mobile phone may cause some medical complaints and thus it is suggested that we should cease using them. In my viewpoint, the advantages of mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages.2 A is an integral /indispensable part of BAdvertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn.3,S omething plays a pivotal /key role in …It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success.4, Enable /allow somebody to do somethingCultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new societysuccessfully.5get accustomed to do something/adjust to /adapt toNew immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed.6Someone can have access to something 或者can access something 或者can utilize somethingIn this day and age, many individuals can have access to the Internet via /by means of computer or mobile phone.倒退类1…is attended by /…is accompanied byThe staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem.2The more…the more…The more vehicles on the road, the more traffic congestions to occur.3A can be attributed to B 或者B stems from AThe proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent enough.4be afflicted with/be plagued withIn present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty.5deprive someone of somethingModern cities deprive city-dweller of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.6something prompt/impe ls somebody to do…Peer pressure often impels youngster to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories.7A has rendered B + adj./noun 形容词或名词We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 其中We must ensure that..意思是我们必须确保…我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶.The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another.With the acceleration of living tempo, modern people are confronted with many physical and psychological problems. Among them, stress is the most prominent one. This has brought about numerous negative social consequences and aroused widespread concern especially among psychiatrists and sociologist. This essay focuses on exploring the causes and providing some ways to relieve stress.快节奏的生活让很多人彼此疏远.8A recent study conducted by the organization / association / institution /union / scientist reveal that…如果是教育问题用UNESCO如果是犯罪问题可以用the Ministry of Justice 交通问题可以用the Ministry of Transportation 建筑问题可以用the Ministry of Construction 环境问题可以HSUS and GreenpeaceA recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals in lab cages today.9 be addicted to /preoccupied with somethingIn present-day society, many individuals are addicted to /preoccupied with various forms of gambling.10 something is the chief culprit in 或者something is the root cause of …The population explosion is the chief culprit in water scarcity.11be confronted with somethingIn contemporary society, we are confronted with a large number of violent and pornographic TV shows.12 present/pose a threat to…In contemporary society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish poses a grave threat to humanity.13 be awash with/be inundated with somethingThe media are be awash with/be inundated with detailed crime coverage.14 if…something will ensueIf parents neglect their offspring, lack of discipline and respect will ensue. 15With the incidence of … hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.With the incidence of driving offenses hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.16something is unwarranted /unjustifiableExperimenting upon lab animals without trying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted/unjustifiable.中间类1…on the grounds that…Some others oppose to animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane.2 exert beneficial/ baneful/ profound influence on somethingIn this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live,play and learn.3 A prevail over / outweigh/ outbalance BThe advantages of imposing stiffer punishment on driving offender prevail over the disadvantages.4 A bring about/ generate/ breed/ engender/ spawn /induce B. Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economical and cultural arenas.5 A is a key determinant of BIn an individual's career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.6 It is manifest that …或者It is universally acknowledge that…It is manifest that globalization can also engender a host of banes to the lives of people in the third-world countries.解决类1 give priority to somethingThe government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resources.2 dedicated A to BThe government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty.3 be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows.4 something should be condemned rather than condoned(押尾韵) Indiscriminate copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned ratherthan condoned.5 it is imperative/ crucial/ key/ essential that… 或者something is of paramount/ overriding importance.To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture immediately.6 abide by/ comply withIt is essential that government pass more stringent laws to compel drivers to abide by/ comply with the law.7 something requires/ necessit ates /call for…The grave ecological problem requires/ necessitates/ call for joint effort of all the nations on the globe.8 distinguish between A and BMany youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.9 must ensure thatParents must ensure that they dedicate enough time and energy to their offspring.结尾段常用模板1) based on the above discussion, I am convinced that…(用于一边倒文章的结尾段)基于以上的讨论,我确信…2) In the final analysis, I concede that… However, ….On balance…(用于折衷式文章结尾段) 作为最后总结,我承认…但是…综合起来看… 3) The upside of something, outweighs its downside 或者the strengths of something,prevail over its weaknesses或者the pros of something outbalance its cons.某事利大于弊(如果弊大于利把顺序颠倒一下就可以了)IELTS 作文常用同义词人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind, Homo sapiens在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat破坏(及物动词)undermine, jeopardize, devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications危险(名词)perils, hazards, dangers明显的(形容词)manifest, apparent, evident, obvious从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about积极的,好的beneficial, advantageous消极的,坏的baneful, detrimental好处-坏处benefits, blessings, boons—banes, pros—cons, advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a vast number of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数)增进enhance代替improve 贫穷的impoverished代替poor保护preserve代替protect 富裕的affluent/wealthy代替rich污染contamination代替pollution 需要(及物动词)require, necessitate, call for第二讲十大全真版本X文,词汇与模板Education 类Some peoplethink students should be allowed to evaluate their teachers' job performance. Others believe that will lead to loss of respect and discipline. Discuss and give your own opinion.开头段(不少于4句)In this day and age, it is standard practice for business executive to fill out performance-evaluation forms to give their assessment of their subordinates' work. But when it comes to the evaluation of school teachers' job performance by their students, people hold divergent views. Some argue that students should be allowed to do so. Others contend that disrespect and indiscipline will ensue if students evaluate their teachers work. Personally, I believe both these two views have some merit.主体段1(不少于5句)Granted, there could be some possible drawbacks to students evaluating their teachers' work. First, if not well-managed, evaluation by the students may be completely worthless or even misleading. It is manifest that not all students would give their evaluation responsibly and some students may make mean comments. Secondly, some students criticize their teacher not because their teachers have a slack attitude about their job. Rather they do so because they dislike or even despise schooling.主体段2(不少于7句)However, encouraging students to evaluate their teacher can bring about more boons. In the first place, it is an effective means of motivating theteachers to improve their lectures.Teachers have to keep adjusting their teaching to measure up to the expectations of the student. In the second place, regular input affords the teacher objective and balanced ideas about their own performance. Without such feedback, it is hard for the teacher to have accurate assessment of their own teaching. In the third place, a measure of students' autonomy can make the student better prepared for their adult life. The student becomes better at decision-making and critical thinking.结尾段(不少于3句)In the final analysis, I concede that enabling the student to evaluate their teachers' performance might have some potential drawback. However, by averaging out student's appraisal and encourage them to evaluate responsibly can eliminate the downside of this practice. On balance, I am convinced that allowing students to evaluate their teachers is in the best interests of students, teachers, school administrators, and the society as a whole.教育类8分X文Children who grow up in families without large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with problems in their adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. Do you agree or disagree题目点评:这道题目是IELTS writing task2当中比较少见的"看着容易写好太难"的题目(很多IELTS作文题目看起来很难,写好却不一定特别难).首先要注意到区别"families without large amounts of money" 和"poor families" 这两个概念的差异,前者不仅仅指"low-income families" 还包括"middle-income families", 所以题目的意思和一些同学概括的"穷人的孩子早当家不同";另外一个误区在于因为这道题目和中国的文化比较贴近,很多同学会举过多的简单生活事例但是忽略了推理,论证缺乏深度.从论点上看,考虑到多数考生更熟悉中国的国情,肯定是totally agree 更好写,布什的内阁里面现在也有拉洋板儿出生的(不过美国的富豪的孩子当中牛人还是出了不少,四十三位总统里面也有大量的富家子弟,从整体上看西方有钱的家长更舍得让自己的孩子经历风雨).既然观点写一边倒,那么结果当然就是五段式――开头段转述题目+主旨句,主体段1讲一般家庭的孩子比富家孩子有更强的心理承受能力,主体段2讲一般家庭的孩子有更强的独立性,主体段3讲普通家庭的家长对小孩的要求往往更严格,几位段总结上三层意思.Thesis statement 和topic sentences (X文里用横线标明) 关键词:income gaps 指收入差距income inequality 指收入不均intergenerational 两代人之间的turn the table 是个idiom, 有点像中文说的"打翻身仗" offspring 孩子counterpart 相对应的人(或事务) meritocratic society 说白了就是"凭本事吃饭的社会"self-restraint 自制能力infancy 婴儿期frugality 勤俭financial strains 说白了就是缺钱,名词well-off/affluent (adj)/ well-to-do/ well heeled/ wealthy 自己管理自己,名词initiative 主动性well-acquainted 对某事很熟悉,mitigate缓解,要说解决问题,雅思里面词汇也特多tackle/ address/ solve resolve grapple with /combat 再加题目里面的deal with,大家挑着用啦It is widely accepted that we have been living in a "the rich get richer whereas the poor get poorer" age in terms of income gaps within a generation. However, to this day, there has been no consensus yet over the extent to which income inequality is intergenerational. Some contend that the offspring of low-income and middle-income parents can largely grow up manifest better problem-solving abilities during adulthood than their high-income family counterparts thereby turning the table socially and financially. Personally, I believe this is generally the case in any meritocratic society. (Thesis statement) First and foremost, children raised in household not in possession of a good fortune are conditioned early on in their lives to exercise self-control and self-restraint. These individuals learn from their infancy onward that not everything they crave will become theirs instantaneously. Every so often their wishes go beyond their parents' means and they have to come to terms with the resulting sense of frustration or rejection. Throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue. Consequently these children, for the most part, are apt to interpret scrimping and saving, emotional uneasiness, not infrequent financialstrains and menial first jobs as an integral part of life rather than a devastating ordeal. Hence they end up being better able to manage stress in their adult years and less likely to panic or get daunted when problems occur.11Further, children brought up by parents of low or middle economic status often grow up to be physically, mentally and professionally more independent than children brought up by affluent parents. It goes without saying that children whose parents are not particularly well-off are more likely than children of affluent households to know how to get the most out of a modest allowance, if they ever get such a thing at all. To the former group of children most desirable things in life have to be "earned"—that is, more often than not they must put forth great effort before their desire is fulfilled. On the other hand, busy, low or medium salaried parents translate into more autonomy and initiative on the children's part. This originally disadvantaged group becomes spontaneous and handy through crafting toy on their own, resourceful by cooking their own meals, tactful with coaxing their parents into buying them gifts, intelligent thanks to the absence of private tutors, savvy in doing summer jobs, and above all, unrelenting in pursuing their dreams. Lastly, non-wealthy parents typically have higher and more definite aspiration for their children than well-to-do parents. Well-acquainted with all thedisadvantages a meager or fair-to-middling bank account generates, many non-wealthy parents pin their hopes on their children to get their families upwardly mobile. These adults mostly have high behavioral, educational and (subsequently) occupational expectations for their children. As a result, they cannot afford to be permissive parents. Spoiling their offspring rotten is the last thing they care to do and they are always ready to discipline their children when they misbehave. They keep tabs on their children's grades at school and do not spare the rod when their offspring do not measure up academically. The odds of children raised in such rigorous environments having good problem-solving skills are apparently better than children raised otherwise. To conclude, the chief determinant of individuals' problem-solving skills is not the amount of money their parents can amass when they are little. Rather, hands-on experience in comprehending, analyzing, resolving, mitigating or circumventing problems is more essential to the cultivation of problem-solving abilities. Hence, I am convinced that families without great wealth are more advantageous to the development of individual capacity to tackle problems.Education 类词汇Education:1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student's physical, mental (或者用intellectual) andemotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/ talent 学习能力(后天学习到的)ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths2) 传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the students; thought 或者give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词)adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students' grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students' enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one's character 责任感a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背learn thing by rote.4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize equations, formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization' s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神team spirit(noun) 独立思考: think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈students' feedback 或者students' input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers' performance7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论只是theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare不是"福利"的意思)9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学,历史,语言学等)humanities 社会科学(包括政治,经济,社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐,雕塑等)arts 文科的总称也可以称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科(包括物理,化学,生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youthsEducation 类模板1 In this day and age, it is universally acknowledged that education is one of the key determinant of individual success. 众所周知,在当代教育是一个人成功的决定因素之一.2In contemporary society, education plays a pivotal role in individual development. 在当代社会,教育在个人发展中扮演着至关重要的角色.Technology & media 类科技类2/26 people today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole开头段(不少于3+1句)The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This。
雅思写作大作文常见话题及分论点总结
常见话题分类及分论点词汇短语总结⼀一.教育1. 学习⾳音乐、体育的重要性培养团队精神和思考能⼒力Foster team spirit critical thinking提升⽂文化修养和对⽂文学艺术的欣赏⽔水平self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature.提⾼高⾝身体素质，养成良好的⽣生活习惯Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle2. 学习数学的重要性培养独⽴立思考、创造性思考、分析和解决问题能⼒力independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability数学是很多学科的基础Fundamental subject3.孩⼦子是否应该obey the rules由于年轻和缺乏经验，孩⼦子容易误⼊入歧途，所以很多时候他们需要⽼老师和⽗父母的建议和指导。
go astrayInexperienced be more likely to do孩⼦子迟早都要⾃自⼰己做决定，如果他们从⼩小只会服从命令，那么会慢慢失去主见。
the ability and desire to form their own opinion4.孩⼦子成长谁负责？parents家长以⾃自⼰己为榜样，帮助孩⼦子形成正确的⼈人⽣生观和价值观role modelhelp foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life孩⼦子早年⼤大部分时间与家长在⼀一起，家长塑造孩⼦子们的性格Shape personalityteacher/ school传授理论知识impart knowledge platform提⾼高⼈人际交往能⼒力interpersonal skills媒体对孩⼦子的影响Questionable contents教育类核⼼心词汇：theoretical 理论的practical 实际的scope of knowledge 知识⾯面lighten the burden of 减轻...的负担nurture 培养，教育 motivation 动⼒力physical ⾝身体上的psychological ⼼心理上的intelligence 智⼒力，智能intellectual 智⼒力的，有智⼒力的，n. 知识分⼦子motivate 激发potential 潜在的，潜⼒力talent 天才，才能qualify （使）具有资格discipline 纪律，学科subject 科⽬目，学科adolescent 青少年，青春期的mature 成熟的interactive 互动的，交互式的learn by rote 死记硬背feedback 反馈learner-oriented 以学⽣生为导向的exam-oriented education 应试教育force-feed the students 填鸭式教法教学⽣生raise family 养家achieve life value 实现⼈人⽣生价值degree factory 学历⼯工⼚厂all-rounded 全⾯面的impart knowledge 传授知识obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills获得知识和技能quality education素质教育team spirit 团队精神become qualified employees 成为合格雇员adapt to 适应某事dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学⽣生的积极性enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富了社会和⽣生活阅历practical and professional skills 实⽤用的职业技能become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争⼒力make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做出贡献encourage students to think critically and independently ⿎鼓励学⽣生批判地和独⽴立地思考promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development促进学⽣生的⾝身体、智⼒力和情感发展help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 帮助年轻⼈人树⽴立正确的价值观、世界观、⼈人⽣生观A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的⼀一个缩影。
雅思写作讲座(新航道)lesson 4
A同意
entirely support/agree/ habour back up/ be in favor of / for substantiate view / point/opinion. suggestion / proposal. this assertion /argument. claim/state champion/welcome
IELTS WRITING
I: P+R+S
Problems + Reasons + Recommendations (问题 理由 建议 问题+理由 建议) 问题 理由+建议 写作策略------ 一边倒 写作策略 首段：现象描述 引出问题 首段：现象描述/引出问题 主体段落：说明出现这一现象或者问题的原因， 主体段落：说明出现这一现象或者问题的原因，或者是这一现 象的具体表现形式并加以分析举例。 象的具体表现形式并加以分析举例。 结尾段：提出建议和措施。 结尾段：提出建议和措施。
completely fully totally
2不同意
A This argument is virtually actually In fact misleading. destructive. harmful. negative.
I tend to disagree / I am against this view / I am an opponent of the claim that… This argument / assumption / assertion / claim/ statement, nevertheless, is misleading.
IELTS WRITING
雅思写作ppt课件
次要推展句
❖次要推展句是指对主要推展句作进 一步的事实分析和举例说明。它从 属于某一个或某几个推展句。
❖ I don’t teach because teaching is not easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sink-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I’m always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Smoking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
❖Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable.
转折
❖But, however, although, though, yet, except for
❖Yet there was still a chance that he would win.
举例
❖for example, for instance, a case in point, such as
雅思作文讲座授课方案模板
雅思作文讲座授课方案模板英文回答， IELTS Essay Lecture Class Lesson Plan Template。
Lesson Plan。
Topic: IELTS Essay Writing。
Level: Intermediate to Advanced。
Time: 60 minutes。
Objective:To improve students' ability to write IELTS essays.To develop students' critical thinking skills.To increase students' vocabulary and grammar knowledge.Materials:Whiteboard or projector。
Markers or pens。
Handouts (optional)。
Procedure:1. Introduction (5 minutes)。
Greet students and introduce yourself.State the lesson topic and objectives.Briefly review the IELTS essay format.2. Task Analysis (10 minutes)。
Explain the four parts of an IELTS essay: introduction, body paragraphs, conclusion, and grammar.Discuss the different types of IELTS essay questions.Provide examples of good and bad IELTS essays.3. Vocabulary and Grammar (15 minutes)。
【讲义】刘洪波雅思写作真经班(1)
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 3: Some people said the government should not spend money on building theaters and sports stadiums. Instead, it should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or disagree?
6
5
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Coherence and Cohesion
7 • uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use • presents a clear central topic within each paragraph • uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical • may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately
原因1.现代人均寿命增长，生育期相应延后； 2.社会竞争压力大，选择事业收入稳定后生孩子。 影响1.父母与孩子的年龄差会变大，交流中代沟会明显； 2.会出现劳动力缺口，老龄化社会。
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 1: In order to learn a language well, we should learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
IELTS-Writing
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Bar Chart
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Pie Chart
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Process Diagram
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Map
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Deaths by road accident and suicide
Байду номын сангаас
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Opium cultivation in the ‘Golden Triangle’
thesis statement Recommending the potential results of the
solutions/alternatives Predicting the trends Call to action
task 2- Learning Strategies
Post-writing steps
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Writing Task 1 – Task Types
Drafting
Revising
雅思英语作文字帖电子版可打印
雅思英语作文字帖电子版可打印Preparing for the IELTS Exam: A Step-by-Step Guide to SuccessEmbarking on the journey to take the IELTS exam can be a daunting prospect, but with the right preparation and mindset, you can achieve your desired score and open doors to new opportunities. The IELTS exam, which stands for the International English Language Testing System, is a widely recognized assessment of English proficiency used for various purposes, such as academic admission, immigration, and professional certification. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the key strategies and resources to help you excel in the IELTS exam.Understanding the IELTS Exam StructureThe IELTS exam consists of four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. Each section is designed to assess a specific aspect of your English language skills. The Listening and Speaking sections are the same for both the Academic and General Training modules, while the Reading and Writing sections differ between the two. It is crucial to familiarize yourself with the format and requirements of each section to develop a targeted approach to your preparation.Developing a Comprehensive Study PlanEffective preparation for the IELTS exam requires a well-structured study plan. Begin by assessing your current English proficiency level and identifying your strengths and weaknesses. This will help you create a personalized study plan that focuses on areas that need the most improvement. Allocate sufficient time for each section of the exam, and ensure that you cover all the necessary skills, such as vocabulary, grammar, and task-specific strategies.Mastering the Listening SectionThe Listening section of the IELTS exam tests your ability to understand spoken English in a variety of contexts. To excel in this section, practice actively listening to authentic English audio materials, such as podcasts, news broadcasts, and academic lectures. Familiarize yourself with the different types of questions and strategies for effectively managing your time during the exam.Conquering the Reading SectionThe Reading section assesses your ability to comprehend written texts from various sources. Develop your reading comprehension skills by regularly reading a wide range of materials, including academic articles, newspapers, and magazines. Practice identifying key information, understanding the main ideas, and answering different types of questions, such as multiple-choice, true/false, and short-answer.Mastering the Writing SectionThe Writing section requires you to demonstrate your ability to produce well-structured and coherent written responses. Familiarize yourself with the task types, such as the academic essay and the task 1 report, and practice writing under timed conditions. Pay attention to the task requirements, organize your ideas effectively, and focus on improving your grammar, vocabulary, and cohesion.Excelling in the Speaking SectionThe Speaking section evaluates your ability to communicate effectively in English. Practice speaking English as often as possible, whether with a language partner, in a study group, or by recording yourself and analyzing your performance. Focus on improving your fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and the ability to respond to a variety of topics and questions.Utilizing Effective Resources and Practice MaterialsTo supplement your study plan, take advantage of a wide range of resources and practice materials. Utilize IELTS-specific textbooks, online practice tests, and video tutorials to familiarize yourself with the exam format and develop effective strategies. Additionally, consider enrolling in an IELTS preparation course or working with a tutor to receive personalized feedback and guidance.Developing a Positive Mindset and Test-Taking Strategies Approaching the IELTS exam with the right mindset can greatly impact your performance. Cultivate a positive and confident attitude, and practice effective stress management techniques to manage any anxiety or nerves during the exam. Additionally, familiarize yourself with the test-taking strategies, such as time management, effective reading and listening techniques, and strategies for the writing and speaking sections.Continuous Practice and FeedbackConsistent practice and feedback are crucial for improving your English proficiency and IELTS performance. Regularly practice sample questions and tests, and seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or language exchange partners to identify areas for improvement. Analyze your mistakes, learn from them, and continuously refine your skills.ConclusionPreparing for the IELTS exam requires a comprehensive and strategic approach. By understanding the exam structure, developing a personalized study plan, mastering the individual sections, and utilizing effective resources and strategies, you can increase your chances of achieving your desired IELTS score. Remember, the journey to success is not a sprint, but a marathon, and withdedication, persistence, and a positive mindset, you can unlock new opportunities and reach your goals.。
《雅思写作》课件-2024鲜版
《雅思写作》课件CATALOGUE 目录•雅思写作概述•雅思写作任务类型与技巧•文章结构与段落展开方法•词汇、语法和句式运用指导•观点陈述、论证和批判性思维培养•模拟试题与范文欣赏01雅思写作概述CHAPTER雅思写作考试形式与要求考试形式雅思写作考试分为两部分，第一部分为图表作文（Task 1），第二部分为议论文（Task 2）。
字数要求Task 1要求考生写至少150字，Task2要求考生写至少250字。
时间限制Task 1的建议用时为20分钟，Task 2的建议用时为40分钟。
评分标准及考生常见问题评分标准考生常见问题如何备考雅思写作熟悉考试形式和评分标准积累词汇和句型练习写作请教老师或专业人士02雅思写作任务类型与技巧CHAPTER1 2 3理解图表信息选择重要信息使用适当的语言和结构图表作文写作技巧明确观点提供充分的论据逻辑清晰030201议论文写作技巧混合题型应对策略分别应对识别题型针对不同类型的题目，采用不同的应对策略。
例如，对于包含图表和议论的题目，可以先描述图表，然后提出观点并进行论述。
整合信息03文章结构与段落展开方法CHAPTER引言段写作方法开门见山背景介绍提出疑问论证方法运用举例、对比、因果等论证方法，充分阐述主题句。
主题句每段开头明确主题句，概括该段主要内容。
过渡与衔接使用过渡词和衔接手段，确保段落间逻辑清晰、连贯。
正文段落展开策略结尾段总结技巧重申观点01展望未来02简洁明了0304词汇、语法和句式运用指导CHAPTER高级词汇选用及替换建议使用具体、生动的词汇01避免重复使用同一词汇02注意词汇的准确性和正式程度03复杂句式构造和变换技巧使用从句和复合句变换句子结构注意句子的流畅性和简洁性避免常见语法错误确保主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
注意动词的时态和语态的正确使用，避免混淆。
正确使用标点符号，避免句子结构的混淆和歧义。
例如，避免使用双重否定、注意冠词的正确使用等。
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不可抗拒的
• self-esteem n. 自尊
•
•
名词动化
• harbor n. 海港，港口 v. 持有或怀有 • We shouldn’t harbor prejudice or suspicion to cultures we don’t understand. • 我们不应对我们不了解的文化抱有偏见和怀疑。 • • pool n. 池子，池塘 v. 汇聚 • Only by pooling their resources can governments hope to overcome global warming. • 只有汇集它们的资源，政府才能有希望战胜全球变暖。 • • mirror n. 镜子 v. 反映 • Many of today’s social problems are not new but mirror similar dilemmas from the past. • 当今社会的许多问题不是新的，而是映射了过去相似的困境。 • • mask n. 面具 v. 掩饰 • High test scores mask many students’ inability to communicate effectively in a second
同义词 people, the public, individuals, citizens the young, juvenile, youth the old, the elderly, senior citizens, the aged workers, employees, staff, clerks rival, competitor, opponent, adversary, contender trait, feature, attribute, characteristic, quality outcome, result, consequence lack, shortage, insufficiency benchmark, standard, criteria a lot of, enormous, plenty of practical, feasible, workable, usable
vt.
use, utilize, employ, exploit, harness
vt.
support, sponsor, back up, subsidize, finance
vt.
improve, promote, enhance, strengthen, facilitate, boost
改变，转变 重视，强调
IELTS Writing
Gandalf
雅思写作笔记汇总
Part 1 Lexical Resources
•常用同义词替换
词义 人们 年轻人 老年人 员工 竞争对手 特点，特征 结果，后果 缺乏，缺少 标准，基准 大量的 可行的，可操作的
词性 n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. adj. adj.
• sustainable adj. 可持续的，可维 • cost-effective adj. 节省成本的，
持的
划算的
• optimistic adj. 乐观的
•Байду номын сангаасeco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好
• potential adj. 潜在的，可能的
的，环保的
• inevitable adj. 不可避免的，必然 • multi-cultural adj. 多元文化的
起来或表面上正确的
的，发人深省的
• detrimental adj. 有害的
• state-of-the-art adj. 最新型的，
• demanding adj. 过分要求的，费 最尖端的
力的，费神的
• know-how n. 专门技能，实践知
• overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的， 识
暗中破坏，削弱
• jeopardize v. 使受危险，危害 • deteriorate v. （使）恶化 • impede v. 妨碍，阻止 • exaggerate v. 夸大，夸张
• 高端形容词
• 带连字符的高端合成词
• prosperous adj. 繁荣的
• win-win adj. 双赢的
重要的 产生，造成 解决，处理 使用，利用 支持，资助 提高，推动，加强
adj.
important, essential, crucial, critical, key, pivotal
vt.
produce, generate, create, trigger, pose, engender
vt.
solve, resolve, settle, tackle, handle, deal with, cope with
用
• inequality n. 不平等，不公平 • hierarchy n. 层级，等级 • democracy n. 民主，民主精神
高端动词
• collaborate vi. 协作，合作 • manipulate vt. 熟练地操作，巧
妙地处理，利用
• optimize vt. 使最优化 • withstand vt. 抵挡，经受住 • compensate v. 补偿，赔偿 • undermine v. 破坏，逐渐损坏，
vt.
change, shift, alter, transform, convert
vt.
highlight, emphasize, underline, underscore, pay/draw attention to
忽视，轻视
vt.
ignore, neglect, overlook, underestimate
高端大气上档次的词汇
• 高端名词
• dilemma n. 进退两难的局面 • strategy n. 策略 • infrastructure n. 基础设施 • mindset n. 思维模式 • compromise n. 妥协，折中 • paradox n. 自相矛盾的观点 • synergy n. 协同效应，增效作
的
• eye-catching adj. 引人注目的
• sophisticated adj. 老于世故的； • market-oriented adj. 以市场为导
复杂的，精致的，深奥微妙的
向的
• plausible adj. 看似有道理的，看 • thought-provoking adj. 引起思考