医药专业 词汇

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FDA 和EDQM术语:
CLINICAL TRIAL:临床试验
ANIMAL TRIAL:动物试验
ACCELERATED APPROVAL:加速批准
STANDARD DRUG:标准药物
INVESTIGATOR:研究人员;调研人员
PREPARING AND SUBMITTING:起草和申报
SUBMISSION:申报;递交
BENIFIT(S):受益
RISK(S):受害
DRUG PRODUCT:药物产品
DRUG SUBSTANCE:原料药
ESTABLISHED NAME:确定的名称
GENERIC NAME:非专利名称
PROPRIETARY NAME:专有名称;
INN(INTERNATIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAME):国际非专有名称
ADVERSE EFFECT:副作用
ADVERSE REACTION:不良反应
PROTOCOL:方案
ARCHIVAL COPY:存档用副本
REVIEW COPY:审查用副本
OFFICIAL COMPENDIUM:法定药典(主要指USP、NF).
USP(THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA):美国药典
NF(NATIONAL FORMULARY):(美国)国家处方集
OFFICIAL=PHARMACOPEIAL= COMPENDIAL:药典的;法定的;官方的AGENCY:审理部门(指FDA)IDENTITY:真伪;鉴别;特性
STRENGTH:规格;规格含量(每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量)
LABELED AMOUNT:标示量
REGULATORY SPECIFICATION:质量管理规格标准(NDA 提供)
REGULATORY METHODOLOGY:质量管理方法
REGULATORY METHODS VALIDATION:管理用分析方法的验证
COS/CEP 欧洲药典符合性认证ICH
International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH 文件分为质量、安全性、有效性和综合学科4 类。

质量技术要求文件以Q 开头,再以a,b,c,d 代表小项: Q1:药品的稳定性Q2:方法学Q3:杂质Q4:药典Q5:生物技术产品质量Q6:标准规格Q7:GMP Q7a:(原料药的优良制造规范指南)药物活性成分的GMP. GMP 英语PIC/S 的全称为:Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention/Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme, PIC/S(制药检查草案), 药品检查协会(PIC/S) ,也有人称PIC/S 为医药审查会议/合作计划(PIC/S)PIC 的权威翻译:药品生产检查相互承认公约
API(Active Pharmaceutical Ingrediet) 原料药又称:活性药物组分
AirLock 气闸
Authorized Person 授权人
Batch/Lot 批次Batch Number/Lot-Number 批号;Batch Numbering System 批次编码系统;Batch Records 批记录;
Bulk Product 待包装品;
Calibration 校正;
Clean area 洁净区;
FDA(FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION):(美国)食品药品管理局
IND(INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG):临床研究申请(指申报阶段,相对于NDA 而言);研究中的新药(指新药开发阶段,相对于新药而言,即临床前研究结束)
NDA(NEW DRUG APPLICATION):新药申请
ANDA(ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION):简化新药申请
TREATMENT IND:研究中的新药用于治疗
ABBREVIATED(NEW)DRUG:简化申请的新药
DMF(DRUG MASTER FILE):药物主文件(持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料,可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF 持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA,FDA 在审查IND、NDA、ANDA 时才能参考其内容)HOLDER:DMF 持有者
CFR(CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION):(美国)联邦法规
PANEL:专家小组
BATCH PRODUCTION:批量生产;分批生产
BATCH PRODUCTION RECORDS:生产批号记录
POST-OR PRE- MARKET SURVEILLANCE:销售前或销售后监督
INFORMED CONSENT:知情同意(患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验)PRESCRIPTION DRUG:处方药
OTC DRUG(OVER—THE—COUNTER DRUG):非处方药
GMP 文件常见缩写
GCP Good Clinical Practice GCP 药品临床研究管理规范
GLP Good Laboratory Practice GLP 药品临床前安全性研究质量管理规范
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice GMP 药品生产质量管理规范
GSP 药品销售管理规范
Standard Operating Procedure SOP (STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE)标准运作程序SPC/SmPC Summary of Product Characteristics summary of product characteristics(SPC) Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) USP US Pharmacopoeia VMF Veterinary Master File VPC Veterinary Products Committee A.A.A Addition and Amendments 增补和修订
AC Air Conditioner 空调器
ADR Adverse Drug Reaction 药物不良反应
AQL Acceptable Quality Level 合格质量标准
BOM Bill of Material 物料清单
BPC Bulk pharmaceutical Chemiclls 原料药
CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation Research 生物制品评价与研究中心
CFU Colony Forming Unit 菌落形成单位
DMF Drug Master File 药品管理档案
CDER Cemter for Drug Evaluation amd Research 药物评价与研究中心
CI Corporate Identity (Image) 企业识别(形象)
CIP Cleaning in Place 在线清洗
CSI Consumer Safety Insepctor 消费者安全调查员
CLP Cleaning Line Procedure 在线清洗程序
DAL Defect Action Level 缺陷作用水平
DEA Drug Enforcement Adminestration 管制药品管理
DS Documentation Systim 文件系统
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning 空调净化系统ISO Intematonal Organization for Standardization国际际标准化组织
MOU Memorandum of Understanding 谅解备忘录
SDA State Drug Administration 国家药品监督管理局
SMP Standard Managmert Procedure 标准管理程序
SOP Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作程序
USA United States Pharmacopeia 美国药典专业英语词汇词素(词根)
1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独haploid 单倍体monoxide 一氧化碳monoatomic 单原子的
2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du:二,双,两,偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生dual 双重的
3. tri :三,丙triangle 三角triacylglycerol 三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环
4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四quadrilateral 四边的quadrivalent 四价的quadruped 四足动物tetrode 四极管tetracycline 四环素
5. pent,penta,quique 五pentose 戊糖pentagon 五角形pentane 戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose 戊糖pentomer 五邻粒
6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose 已糖hexapod 六足动物hexapoda 昆虫纲hexamer 六聚体
7. hepta,sept 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin 七珠蛋白
8. oct 八octpus 章鱼octagon 八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖
9. enne,nona 九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体
10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克
11. hecto, 百hectometer 百米hectoliter 百升hectowatt 百瓦
12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特
13. deci,十分之一,分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克
14. centi,百分之一
15. milli,千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升
16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology 微生态学micropipet 微量移液器
17. nano 十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond 十亿分之一秒nanometer 纳米
18. demi,hemi,semi 半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque 半透明semi-allel 半等位基因semi-conductor 半导体
19. holo 全,整体,完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein 全蛋白holocrine 全(质分)泌
20. mega 巨大,兆,百万megaspore 大孢子,megabasse 兆碱基megakaryocyte 巨核细胞megavolt 兆伏megalopolitan 特大城市
21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage 巨噬细胞macrogamete 大配子macroelement 常量元素macromolecular 大分子
22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合polyacrylate 聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain 多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA 多顺反子mRNA multicopy 多拷贝 1 chrom颜色chromophore 生色团chromosome 染色体chromatography 色谱法 2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma 黑素瘤melanin 黑色素melanophore 黑色素细胞 3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute 黄xanthophyl 叶黄素xanthous 黄色的,黄色人种xathine 黄嘌呤flavin 黄素flavone 黄酮letein 黄体素,叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红
erythrocyte 红细胞erythromycin 红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor 绿,氯chlorophyll 叶绿素chloride 氯化物chloramphenicol 氯霉素 6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanide 氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys 金色aureomycin 金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum 菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb 无色,白色leucine 亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis 白血病bleaching powder 漂白粉albomycin 白霉素四表示方位和程度的词素 1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine 内分泌endocytosis 胞吞作用endogamy 近亲繁殖endolysin 内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast 外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取,浸出 3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular(细)胞内的interurban 城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge 离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng 着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial 上鳃的perilune 近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目submucosa 粘膜下层subclone 亚克隆subcellular 亚细胞subsection 小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor 超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular 超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo 下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension 低血压hypophysis 脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic 等渗的isopod 等足目动物isotope 同位素12 oligo,olig 少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene 寡基因oligomer 寡聚体oligophagous 寡食性oligarchy 寡头*** 13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline 广盐性eurytopic species 广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure 超微结构ultroviolet 紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的infrahuman 类人生物infrared 红外线的infrastructure 基础结构,基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素 1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血 5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas 肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma 肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal 肾上腺的nephridia 肾管nephron 肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram 心电图concord 一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology 眼科学ophthalmia 眼炎ophthalmologist 眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch 丝鳃lamellibrnch 瓣鳃sencondary branchium 次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin 臂粘连蛋白bracelet 手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin 牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast 成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule 绒毛plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle 滤泡foiling 叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的药名常用词首ace- 乙(酰基)acet- 醋;醋酸;乙酸acetamido- 乙酰胺基acetenyl- 乙炔基acetoxy- 醋酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl- 乙酰(基)aetio- 初allo- 别allyl- 烯丙(基);CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺(基)amino- 氨基amyl- ①淀粉②戊(基)amylo- 淀粉andr- 雄andro- 雄anilino- 苯胺基anisoyl- 茴香酰;甲氧苯酰anti- 抗apo- 阿朴;去水aryl- 芳(香)基aspartyl- 门冬氨酰auri- 金(基);(三价)金基aza- 氮(杂)azido- 叠氮azo- 偶氮basi- 碱baso- 碱benxoyl- 苯酰;苯甲酰benzyl- 苄(基);苯甲酰bi- 二;双;重biphenyl- 联苯基biphenylyl- 联苯基bis- 双;二bor- 硼boro- 硼bromo- 溴butenyl- 丁烯基(有1、2、3 位三种)butoxyl- 丁氧基butyl- 丁基butyryl- 丁酰caprinoyl- 癸酰caproyl- 己酰calc- 钙calci- 钙calco- 钙capryl- 癸酰capryloyl- 辛酰caprylyl- 辛酰cef- 头孢(头孢菌素族抗生素词首)chlor- ①氯②绿chloro- ①氯②绿ciclo- 环cis- 顺clo- 氯crypto- 隐cycl- 环cyclo- 环de- 去;脱dec- 十;癸deca- 十;癸dehydro- 去氢;去水demethoxy- 去甲氧(基)demethyl- 去甲(基)deoxy- 去氧des- 去;脱desmethyl- 去甲(基)desoxy- 去氧dex- 右旋dextro- 右旋di- 二diamino- 二氨基diazo- 重氮dihydro- 二氢;双氢endo- 桥epi- 表;差向epoxy- 环氧erythro- 红;赤estr- 雌ethinyl- 乙
炔(基)ethoxyl- 乙氧(基)ethyl- 乙基etio- 初eu- 优fluor- ①氟②荧光fluoro- ①氟②荧光formyl- 甲酰(基)guanyl- 脒基hepta- 七;庚hetero- 杂hexa- 六;己homo- 高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-) hypo- 次io- 碘indo- 碘iso- 异keto- 酮laevo- 左旋leuco- 白levo- 左旋mercapto- 巯基meso- ①不旋;内消旋②中(间)③中(位)(蒽环的9、10 位)meta- ①间(有机系统用名)②偏(无机酸用)methoxy- 甲氧基methyl- 甲基mono- 一;单neo- 新nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九;壬nor- 去甲;降;正nov- 新novo- 新oct- 八;辛octa- 八;辛octo- 八;辛ortho- ①邻(位)②正③原oxalo- 草oxo- 氧[代] oxy- ①氧②羟基(误称,但常用)para- ①对(位)②副(俗名)penta- 五;戊per- ①高②过phen- 苯pheno- 苯phenoxy- 苯氧(基)phenyl- 苯基phospho- 磷;磷酸phosphor- 磷;磷酸phosphoro- 磷;磷酸phyllo- 叶poly- 多;聚propyl- 丙基proto- 原pseudo- 假;伪;拟ribosyl- 核糖基sec- ①另(指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基② semi- 半silico- 硅strept- 链strepto- 链sulf- 硫sulfa- 磺胺(磺胺类药物词头)sulfo- ①硫[代]②磺基sulph- 硫[代] sulpho- ①硫[代]②磺基tert- ①特(指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基)②叔tetra- 四thio- 硫trans- 反(式);转tri- 三undeca- 十一valyl- 缬氨酰(基)vinyl- 乙烯基xantho- 黄色药名常用词尾-al 醛-aldehyde 醛-amide 酰胺-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷-ase 酶-ate ①盐②酯-azide 叠氮;-N3 -caine 卡因(局部麻醉药词尾)-carbonyl 羰基-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxylic acid 羧酸-cidin 杀……菌素-cillin 青霉素;西林(青霉素族抗生素词尾)-cycline 四环素(四环素族抗生素词尾)-diol ①二醇②二酚-dione 二酮-disulfide 二硫(化物)-ene 烯-enol 烯醇-ester 酯-flavine 黄素-form 仿(俗名词尾)-genin 甙元(旧称配基)-hydrin 醇-ine 碱;素(生物碱词尾)-lactone 内酯-lysin 溶素(俗名词尾)-micin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-mycetin 霉素;菌素(抗生素词尾)-mycin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-nitrile 腈-ol ①醇②酚-olol 心安(心安类药物词尾)-one 酮-ose 糖-oside 糖甙-oxide 氧;氧化物-oyl 酰-quine 奎(俗名尾词)-sporin 孢菌素(抗生素词尾)-sullide 硫(化物)-sulfone 砜-sulfoxide 亚砜-thioic acid 硫代酸-thione 硫酮-thione 硫酮-toxin 毒-triol 三醇-tropin 托品(俗名尾词)-urea 脲-xanthin 黄质-yl 基(一价基)-yne 炔常用分析化学词汇(C to E) 玻璃漏斗Glass funnel long stem 试管test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿evaporating dish small 烧杯beaker 锥形瓶Erlenmeyer 量筒grad cylinder 洗瓶plastic wash bottle 勺皿casserole ,small stoppered flask 分液漏斗separalory funnel water bath/oil bath strring bar magnetic stirrer 冷凝器condenser Ballast bottle 圆颈烧瓶Round-buttom flask 试剂瓶reagent bottles 托盘天平platform balance 台秤0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scale crossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平two-pan/single-pan analytical balance 滴定管burette glass bead(basic) nozzle 移液管pipette 胖肚elongated glass bulb 洗耳球rubber suction bulb 玻棒glass rod 玻璃活塞stopcock 容量瓶pyknowmeter flasks 比重瓶(one-mark)volumetric flasks 胖肚吸管one-mark pipette 刻度吸管graduated pipettes 实验仪器清单1、柜子中四、抽屉中:锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2 烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2 250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clamp;test tube holder)×1 100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×1 50 ml×2 10 ml×1 容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×1 50 ml×4 洗耳球(ear wadhing bulb) 碘量瓶(iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3 试剂瓶(reagent bottle) (无色)×2 (棕色)×2 配洗液:量筒(cylinder)100 ml×1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml 水→65mlH2SO4 (graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。

二、台面上仪器:一般仪器的洗涤(wash) 铁支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架白瓷板(White Porcelain Board ) (一)清点仪器(to count;to make an inventory) 酸式滴定管(Acid burette) 25 ml×1 配洗液(Lotion) 碱式滴定管(Alkali burette)25 ml×1 一般仪器的洗涤三、公用柜中:(二)滴定管(buret;burette) 直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)×1 容量瓶(volumetric flask) 漏斗架(funnel stand) ×2 移液管(pipe) 水浴锅(water bath kettle) ×1 温度计(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope) ×1 电炉(electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove) 四人一个分析化学:analytical chemistry 定性分析:
qualitative analysis 定量分析:quantitative analysis 物理分析:physical analysis 物理化学分析:physico-chemical analysis 仪器分析法:instrumental analysis 流动注射分析法:flow injection analysis;FIA 顺序注射分析法:sequentical injection analysis;SIA 化学计量学:chemometrics 绝对误差:absolute error 相对误差:relative error 系统误差:systematic error 可定误差:determinate error 随机误差:accidental error 不可定误差:indeterminate error 准确度:accuracy 精确度:precision 偏差:debiation,d 平均偏差:average debiation 相对平均偏差:relative average debiation 标准偏差(标准差):standerd deviation;S 相对平均偏差:relatibe standard deviation;RSD 变异系数:coefficient of variation 误差传递:propagation of error 有效数字:significant figure 置信水平:confidence level 显著性水平:level of significance 合并标准偏差(组合标准差):pooled standard debiation 舍弃商:rejection quotient ;Q 滴定分析法:titrametric analysis 滴定:titration 容量分析法:volumetric analysis 化学计量点:stoichiometric point 等当点:equivalent point 电荷平衡:charge balance 电荷平衡式:charge balance equation 质量平衡:mass balance 物料平衡:material balance 质量平衡式:mass balance equation 酸碱滴定法:acid-base titrations 质子自递反应:autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递常数:autoprotolysis constant 质子条件式:proton balance equation 酸碱指示剂:acid-base indicator 指示剂常数:indicator constant 变色范围:colour change interval 混合指示剂:mixed indicator 双指示剂滴定法:double indicator titration 非水滴定法:nonaqueous titrations 质子溶剂:protonic solvent 酸性溶剂:acid solvent 碱性溶剂:basic solvent 两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent 无质子溶剂:aprotic solvent 均化效应:differentiating effect 区分性溶剂:differentiating solvent 离子化:ionization 离解:dissociation 结晶紫:crystal violet 萘酚苯甲醇: α -naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 奎哪啶红:quinadinered 百里酚蓝:thymol blue 偶氮紫:azo violet 溴酚蓝:bromophenol blue 配位滴定法:compleximetry 乙二胺四乙酸:ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物:chelate compound 金属指示剂:metal lochrome indcator 氧化还原滴定法:oxidation-reduction titration 碘量法:iodimetry 溴量法:bromimetry ] 溴量法:bromine method 铈量法:cerimetry 高锰酸钾法:potassium permanganate method 条件电位:conditional potential 溴酸钾法:potassium bromate method 硫酸铈法:cerium sulphate method 偏高碘酸:metaperiodic acid 高碘酸盐:periodate 亚硝酸钠法:sodium nitrite method 重氮化反应:diazotization reaction 重氮化滴定法:diazotization titration 亚硝基化反应:nitrozation reaction 亚硝基化滴定法:nitrozation titration 外指示剂:external indicator 外指示剂:outside indicator 重铬酸钾法:potassium dichromate method 沉淀滴定法:precipitation titration 容量滴定法:volumetric precipitation method 银量法:argentometric method 重量分析法:gravimetric analysis 挥发法:volatilization method 引湿水(湿存水):water of hydroscopicity 包埋(藏)水:occluded water 吸入水:water of imbibition 结晶水:water of crystallization 组成水:water of composition 液-液萃取法:liquid-liquid extration 溶剂萃取法:solvent extration 反萃取:counter extraction 分配系数:partition coefficient 分配比:distribution ratio 离子对(离子缔合物):ion pair 沉淀形式:precipitation forms 称量形式:weighing forms 物理分析:physical analysis 物理化学分析:physicochemical analysis 仪器分析:instrumental analysis 电化学分析:electrochemical analysis 电解法:electrolytic analysis method 电重量法:electtogravimetry 库仑法:coulometry 库仑滴定法:coulometric titration 电导法:conductometry 电导分析法:conductometric analysis 电导滴定法:conductometric titration 电位法:potentiometry 直接电位法:dirext potentiometry 电位滴定法:potentiometric titration 伏安法:voltammetry 极谱法:polarography 溶出法:stripping method 电流滴定法:amperometric titration 化学双电层:chemical double layer 相界电位:phase boundary potential 金属电极电位:electrode potential 化学电池:chemical cell 液接界面:liquid junction boundary 原电池:galvanic cell 电解池:electrolytic cell 负极:cathrode 正极:anode 电池电动势:eletromotive force 指示电极:indicator electrode 参比电极:reference electroade 标准氢电极:standard hydrogen electrode 一级参比电极:primary reference electrode 饱和甘汞电极:standard calomel electrode 银-氯化银电极:silver
silver-chloride electrode 液接界面:liquid junction boundary 不对称电位:asymmetry potential 表观PH 值:apparent PH 复合PH 电极:combination PH electrode 离子选择电极:ion selective electrode 敏感器:sensor 晶体电极:crystalline electrodes 均相膜电极:homogeneous membrance electrodes 非均相膜电极:heterog eneous membrance electrodes 非晶体电极:non- crystalline electrodes 刚性基质电极:rigid matrix electrode 流流体载动电极:electrode with a mobile carrier 气敏电极:gas sensing electrodes 酶电极:enzyme electrodes 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管:MOSFET 离子选择场效应管:ISFET 总离子强度调节缓冲剂:total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB 永停滴定法:dead-stop titration 双电流滴定法(双安培滴定法):double amperometric titration 普朗克常数:Plank constant 电磁波谱:electromagnetic spectrum 光谱:spectrum 光谱分析法:spectroscopic analysis 原子发射光谱法:atomic emission spectroscopy 质量谱:mass spectrum 质谱法:mass spectroscopy,MS 紫外-可见分光光度法:ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰:shoulder peak 末端吸收:end absorbtion 生色团:chromophore 助色团:auxochrome 红移:red shift 长移:bathochromic shift 短移:hypsochromic shift 蓝(紫)移:blue shift 增色效应(浓色效应):hyperchromic effect 减色效应(淡色效应):hypochromic effect 强带:strong band 弱带:weak band 吸收带:absorption band 透光率:transmitance,T 吸光度:absorbance 谱带宽度:band width 杂散光:stray light 噪声:noise 暗噪声:dark noise 散粒噪声:signal shot noise 闪耀光栅:blazed grating 全息光栅:holographic graaing 光二极管阵列检测器:photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法:partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法:convolution spectrometry 褶合变换:convolution transform,CT 离散小波变换:wavelet transform,WT 多尺度细化分析:multiscale analysis 供电子取代基:electron donating group 吸电子取代基:electron with-drawing group 荧光:fluorescence 荧光分析法:fluorometry X-射线荧光分析法:X-ray fulorometry 原子荧光分析法:atomic fluorometry 分子荧光分析法:molecular fluorometry 振动弛豫:vibrational relexation 内转换:internal conversion 外转换:external conversion 体系间跨越:intersystem crossing 激发光谱:excitation spectrum 荧光光谱:fluorescence spectrum 斯托克斯位移:Stokes shift 荧光寿命:fluorescence life time 荧光效率:fluorescence efficiency 荧光量子产率:fluorescence quantum yield 荧光熄灭法:fluorescence quemching method 散射光:scattering light 瑞利光:Reyleith scanttering light 拉曼光:Raman scattering light 红外线:infrared ray,IR 中红外吸收光谱:mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱:Far-IR 微波谱:microwave spectrum,MV 红外吸收光谱法:infrared spectroscopy 红外分光光度法:infrared spectrophotometry 振动形式:mode of vibration 伸缩振动:stretching vibration 对称伸缩振动:symmetrical stretching vibration 不对称伸缩振动:asymmetrical stretching vibration 弯曲振动:bending vibration 变形振动:formation vibration 面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,β 剪式振动:scissoring vibration,δ 面内摇摆振动:rocking vibration,ρ 核磁共振:nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR 核磁共振波谱:NMR spectrum 核磁共振波谱法:NMR spectroscopy 扫场:swept field 扫频:seept frequency 连续波核磁共振:continuous wave NMR,CW NMR Fourier 变换NMR:PFT-NMR,FT-NMR 二维核磁共振谱:2D-NMR 质子核磁共振谱:proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR 氢谱:1H-NMR 碳-13 核磁共振谱:13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR 自旋角动量:spin angular momentum 磁旋比:magnetogyric ratio 磁量子数:magnetic quantum number,m 进动:precession 弛豫历程:relaxation mechanism 局部抗磁屏蔽:local diamagnetic shielding 屏蔽常数:shielding constant 化学位移:chemical shift 国际纯粹与应用化学协会:IUPAC 磁各向异性:magnetic anisotropy 远程屏蔽效应:long range shielding effect 结面:nodal plane 自旋-自旋偶合:spin-spin coupling 自旋-自旋分裂:spin=spin splitting 单峰:singlet,s 双峰:doublet,d 三重峰:triplet,t 四重峰:quartet 五重峰:quintet 六重峰:sextet 偕偶:geminal coupling 邻偶:vicinal coupling 远程偶合:long range coupling 磁等价:magnetic eqivalence 自旋系统:spin system 一级光谱:first order spectrum 二级光谱(二级图谱):second order spectrum C-H 光谱:C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY 质谱分析法:mass spectrometry 质谱:mass spectrum,MS
棒图:bar graph 选择离子检测:selected ion monitoring ,SIM 直接进样:direct probe inlet ,DPI 接口:interface 气相色谱-质谱联用:gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS 高效液相色谱-质谱联用:high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS 电子轰击离子源:electron impact source,EI 离子峰:quasi-molecular ions 化学离子源:chemical ionization source,CI 场电离:field ionization,FI 场解析:field desorptiion,FD 快速原子轰击离子源:fast stom bombardment ,FAB 质量分析器:mass analyzer 磁质谱仪:magnetic-sector mass spectrometer 四极杆质谱仪(四极质谱仪):quadrupole mass spectrometer 原子质量单位:amu 离子丰度:ion abundance 相对丰度(相对强度):relative avundance 基峰:base peak 质量范围:mass range 分辨率:resolution 灵敏度:sensitivity 信噪比:S/N 分子离子:molecular ion 碎片离子:fragment ion 同位素离子:isotopic ion 亚稳离子:metastable ion 亚稳峰:metastable peak 母离子:paren ion 子离子:daughter 含奇数个电子的离子:odd electron 含偶数个电子的离子:even eletron,EE 均裂:homolytic cleavage 异裂(非均裂):heterolytic cleavage 半均裂:hemi-homolysis cleavage 重排:rearragement 分子量:MW α -裂解:α -cleavage 固定相:stationary phase 化学键合相:chemically bonde phase 封尾、封顶、遮盖:end capping 手性固定相:chiral stationary phase,CSP 恒组成溶剂洗脱:isocraic elution 梯度洗脱:gradient elution 紫外检测器:ultraviolet detector,UVD 荧光检测器:fluorophotomeric detector,FD 电化学检测器:ECD 示差折光检测器:RID 光电二极管检测器:photodiode array detector ,DAD 三维光谱-波谱图:3D-spectrochromatogram 蒸发光散射检测器:evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD 释药系统(drug delivery system,DDS)中国药典(Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP)美国药典(The United States Pharmacopoeia,USP)美国国家处方集(The National Formulary,NF)英国药典(British Pharmacopoeia,BP)欧洲药典(European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup)国际药典(The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int)良好药品实验研究规范(Good Laboratory Practice,GLP)良好药品生产规范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP) 良好药品供应规范(Good Supply Practice,GSP) 良好药品临床试验规范(Good Clinical Practice,GCP) 分析质量管理(Analytical Quality Control,AQC) 边缘效应edge effect 斑点定位法localization of spot 放射自显影法autoradiography 原位定量in situ quantitation 生物自显影法bioautography 归一法normalization method 内标法internal standard method 外标法external standard method 叠加法addition method 普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve [function] 谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening (分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation] 加宽校正broadening correction 加宽校正因子broadening correction factor 溶剂强度参数ε 0,solvent strength parameter 洗脱序列eluotropic series 洗脱(淋洗) elution 等度洗脱gradient elution 梯度洗脱gradient elution (再)循环洗脱recycling elution 线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient 程序溶剂programmed solvent 程序压力programmed pressure 程序流速programmed flow 展开development 上行展开ascending development 下行展开descending development 双向展开two dimensional development 环形展开circular development 离心展开centrifugal development 向心展开centripetal development 径向展开radial development 多次展开multiple development 分步展开stepwise development 连续展开continuous development 梯度展开gradient development 匀浆填充slurry packing 停流进样stop-flow injection 阀进样valve injection 柱上富集on-column enrichment 流出液eluate 柱上检测on-column detection 柱寿命column life 柱流失column bleeding 显谱visualization 活化activation 反冲back flushing 脱气degassing 沟流channeling 过载overloading 分析化学方面的词汇abatement 1:减少2:消除;ablution 1:清洗2:洗净液;abnormal distribution 1:非正态分布;above-critical 临界以上的;above proof 超过标准;abrasive 1:磨料,研磨机;abrupt change !:陡变2:(滴定)突跃;absolute calibration curve method 绝对校准曲线法;absolution configuration 绝对构型;absolute deviation 绝对偏差;absolute error 绝对误差;absolute ethyl alcohol 无水乙醇;absolute humidity 绝对湿度;absolute manometer 绝对压力计;absolute isotopic abundance measurement 绝对同位素丰度
测量;absolute precision 绝对精密度;absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度;absolute mobility 绝对淌度;absolute retention time 绝对保留时间;absolute refractive index 绝对折射率;absolute stability constant 绝对稳定常数;absolute temperature 绝对温度;absorbance index =absorptivity 1:吸收系数2:吸光系数;absorbance 吸收度,吸光度;absorbance ratio 吸光度比值;absorbed dose 吸收计量;absorbed layer (被)吸收层;absorbent 吸收剂;吸收的,有吸收力的;absorbing band 吸收带;absorption 吸收;absorption chamber 吸收室;absorption factor 吸收率;absorption index 吸收指数;absorption peak 吸收峰;absorption power 吸收能力;absorption region 吸收范围;absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱法;absorption spectrum 吸收光谱;absorption tube support 吸收管架;absorption value 吸收值;abundance 丰度;abundance of element 元素丰度;accelerator (粒子)加速器;acceptable life 有效使用寿命;acceptance quality level (AQL)合格质量标准;acceptance level 验收标准;accidental error 偶然误差;accessory substance 副产物;accommodation 调节;accuracy 准确度;acetaldehyde 乙醛;acetic acid 乙酸;acetic anhydride 乙酸酐;acetoacetic ester 乙酰乙酸酯;acetone 丙酮;acetone titration 丙酮滴定法;acetylation 乙酰化;acetylene 乙炔;acetyl group 乙酰基;acetylenic bond 炔键;三键;achiral molecule 非手性分子;acidate 酸化,酰化;acid-base equilibrium 算见平衡,acid degree 酸度;acid dissociation constant 酸离解常数;acidic 酸式,酸性的;acidic solvent 酸性溶剂;acidity 酸度;acidometer=acidimeter 酸度计;acticarbon 活性炭;activate 活化,激活,使…产生放射性;activated state 活化态;activating 活化;activating agent 活化剂;activator 激活剂;active center 活性中心;active group 活性基团;active mass 有效质量;active site 活性点;actual column plate 实际塔板数;adapter tube 接管;additional peak 附加峰;additivity 加和性;adjacent 相邻的,邻位的;科技汉语常用动词的英译法:1. 表明, 表示, 说明, 证明表明: show, indicate, denote, signify Calculations indicate that... Preliminary results indicate that... Recent study has indicated that... The available data indicate that Experience has shown that... Present results show that... Previouse work has shown that... This investigation shows that... 表示: show, indicate, express, demonstrate, illustrate, represent Fig. 2 demonstrates/shows/indicates/illustrates that... In the diagram, plump lines represent the observed results. 说明: show, explain, illustrate, interpret explain how a machine works to be illustrated by examples The result shows clearly that this procedure is correct. To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 证明: show, prove as analyses show that... 分析证明as fact showed that... It goes to prove that... It has been proved that... 一切证明There has been evidence that... 已经证明Countless facts have proved this point 无数事实证明了这一点证实: confirm, verify, support remain to be confirmed 有待证实verify a scientific hypothesis It supports the fact that Equation(1-7) can be easily verified by differentiating equation (1-6) 2. 获得, 得到, 得出结论获得: "获得" 的宾语多是抽象的事物win liberation win the first prize win acclaim/earn favourable comment 获得好评achieve great success acquire knowledge In order to obtain a higher temperature it is necessary to raise the pressure. 得到: "得到" 的宾语多是具体的东西get, obtain, gain get timely medical treatment By studying the sketch, we can get an idea of the operation of a simple laser. 研究一下简图, 我们就能对简单激光器的操作得到一个概念。

得出结论: reach/draw/form/make a conclusion come to a conclusion arrive at a conclusion conclude What conclusion did you draw from the investigation. They concluded after investigation that this region was not poor in oil. 3. 构成, 组成, 包括构成: form, constitute, compose, make up 组成: form, make up, compose, constitute 包括: include, comprise, consist of, incorporate 应注意以下几点: ①如果主语是构成的整体compose 要用被动语态, 如果主语是构成整体的部分compose 要用主动语态: 误: The sea mainly composes water and salt. 正:The sea is mainly composed of water and salt. ②Hydrogen and oxygen make water. ③Every five persons constitute a group. ④The p residium consists of 148 delegates. 主席团由148 人组成。

⑤consist of 表
示"由......组成", consist 是不及物动词, 虽然在汉语看来像被动语态, 但在英语却是主动语态。

由于此词是不及物动词不能用被动语态。

⑥comprise 是一个双面动词, 其主语既可以是构成的整体, 也可以是构成的部分。

此词不用被动语态。

Our course of study comprises five subjects. or Five subjects comprise our course of study. 4. 利用, 使用, 应用利用: use, make use of, employ, exploit, utilize New technology must be developed to exploit the new resources. Make full use of the latest achievement in science and technology. 使用: use, make use of, employ The new machine has come into use. "come into use" 行为的主体是物The new machine has been put into use/operation. "put into use" 行为的主体是人应用: apply (+ to) applied science 应用科学apply theory to practice 5. 检查, 检验, 试验检查: examine check up, look over Steam lines should be checked for corrosion. Look over your excercises before handing them in. 检验: test, inspect, judge Strictly examine the quility of the products. To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 试验: 试: try 验: test He tried his new method on oxygen 他用氧试验他的新方法。

A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite. 6. 查, 查对, 查明, 查阅查: 查字典: look up, read up, consult, find out 误: look up a dictionary 正: look up a word in a dictionary 正: consult a dictionary 查资料: read up the literature Find out the cause of the accident! 查对: check, verify check the data verified/examined and found correct 查明: prove, find out find out the truth It has been established that.../investigation reveals that find out how something started and developed 查明某事的来龙去脉查阅: consult technical data/look up technical literature He looked through a number of journals. 7. 完成, 完结, 完工完成: complete, be ready, accomplish, fulfil, finish complete one's mission accomplish a task fulfil the state plan 完结: end, be over, finish This is not the end of the matter. 完工: complete a project, finish doing sth., get through It took only one month to complete the bridge. finish a piece of writing/ complete the manuscript 8. 讨论, 商量, 商榷, 探讨讨论: discuss sth., (talk sth. over with sb.) Electricity production is discussed later in detail. 商量: consult sb.. talk sth. over with sb. Consult the masses when matters arise. 有事与群众商量We ought to talk it over with Mr.Smith. 商榷: dicuss, deliberate with sb. over sth. This point is open to question 这一点值得商榷。

Here are a few points I wish to discuss with you. 探讨: look/enquire/probe/ go into, approach approach a subject from different angles 生理学词汇消化(digestion)和吸收(absorption)、慢波电位(slow wave potential)或基本电节律(basic electricalrhythm)、胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)、脑-肠肽(brain-gut peptide)、蠕动(peristalsis)、粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus-bicarbonate barrier)、肠胃反射(entero-gastric reflex)、容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)、胃排空(gastric emptying)、胆盐的肠肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salts)、分节运动(segmentation contraction)、集团蠕动(mass peristalsis)能量代谢(energy metabolism)食物的热价(themal equivalent of food)食物的氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)呼吸商(respiratory quotient)基础代谢(basal metabolism) 基础代谢率(basal metabolism rate, BMR) 体温(body temperature) 战栗产热(shivering thermogenisis) 非战栗产热(non-shivering thermogenesis) 辐射散热(thermal radiation) 传导散热(thermal conduction) 对流散热(them1a1 convection) 蒸发散热(evaporation) 不感蒸发(insensible perspiration) 发汗(sweating)或可感蒸发(sendbie evaporation) 热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron) 肾单位(nephron)肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate, GFR)滤过分数(fildtrationfraction)有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)水利尿(water diuresis)渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)重吸收( reabsoption) 管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)滤过平衡(filtration equilibrium)清除率(clearance)球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance)肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)感受器(receptor)、感觉器官适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)换能作用、感受器电位(receptor potential)发生器电位(generator potential)编码作用(coding)适应现象(adaptation)简化眼(reduced eye)视敏度(visual acuity)眼的调节(visual accommodation)正视眼、近点(near point of vision) 近视。

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