英文论文写作浅谈
写好英文作文的技巧和方法
写好英文作文的技巧和方法写好英文作文有一定的技巧和方法。
下面是一些可以帮助你提高英文作文水平的技巧和方法：1. 阅读和写作联系：阅读是提高写作能力的关键。
通过阅读一些高质量的英文文学作品或者新闻材料，可以增加你的词汇量和语法知识。
同时，模仿作者的写作风格和句式结构，可以提高你的写作能力。
2. 有条理和逻辑性：一篇好的英文作文应该有清晰的条理和逻辑性。
在写作之前，建议你先列一个提纲，确定每个段落的内容和顺序。
确保每个段落都有明确的主题句，然后用支持性的句子来支撑你的观点。
3. 多练习写作：英语写作需要反复练习才能提高。
你可以选择一些常见的写作题目，如描述一个人、介绍一个地方、对比两种观点等，并逐渐增加难度。
每次写作练习后，可以找一位有经验的英语老师或者朋友来批改你的作文并给出建议。
4. 扩展词汇量：在写作过程中，要尽量使用多样化的词汇，避免重复使用相同的单词。
可以通过阅读和背诵词汇来扩展你的词汇量，并学习一些近义词和反义词，以便在不同场合中适当地使用。
5. 注意语法和拼写：良好的语法和正确的拼写对于写好英文作文至关重要。
在写作之后，要仔细检查你的语法和拼写错误，可以使用语法和拼写检查工具来帮助你提高精准度。
6. 注重结构和句子多样性：好的作文应该有多样化的句子结构和使用各种不同类型的句子。
可以使用复合句、并列句、从句等来丰富你的句式结构。
同时，要注意段落结构，保证每个段落都有一个中心思想，并用合适的过渡词来连接段落之间的内容。
7. 同时练习写作和口语：英语写作和口语相互影响，可以通过练习口语来提高你的写作表达能力。
尝试用英语表达你的想法，并练习将口语转换为书面语。
记住，提高英文写作需要时间和耐心。
通过充分的练习和反馈，你会慢慢提高你的英文写作水平。
浅谈高中英语议论文写作技巧
浅谈高中英语议论文写作技巧第一篇：浅谈高中英语议论文写作技巧浅谈高中英语议论文写作技巧高中英语议论文的写作，大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定，所以并不需要如何地纵横捭阖，如何地旁征博引。
但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇100来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。
下面笔者就从篇章结构，短语句型等方面来浅谈高中英语议论文的写作技巧。
一、篇章结构（一）掌握议论文约定成俗的模式，即从“主题句一正面论述，反面论述一结论”四大块去营造文章的基本结构(四块论)。
例如，学校几天前举行了“要不要穿校服”的讨论。
有些同学认为穿校服看起来很整齐，不必花时间和精力去追赶时髦，而且老师很容易就认出是本校学生。
而另一些同学厌倦穿校服，认为大家都穿校服显示不出个性，而且校服的质量太差，物非所值。
请表达你的观点。
首先，我们应该陈述主题：Wearing school uniform every day spreads as an order over many schools.Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.第二段，从一方面来阐述观点：Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character.According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes everyday, which is hard to tell who’s who.Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think.With the bad quality, it is not well worth the money.第三段，从另一方面来阐述观点。
英语议论文的写作方法与技巧(优秀5篇)
英语议论文的写作方法与技巧（优秀5篇）（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作资料、求职资料、报告大全、方案大全、合同协议、条据文书、教学资料、教案设计、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic model essays, such as work materials, job search materials, report encyclopedia, scheme encyclopedia, contract agreements, documents, teaching materials, teaching plan design, composition encyclopedia, other model essays, etc. if you want to understand different model essay formats and writing methods, please pay attention!英语议论文的写作方法与技巧（优秀5篇）高考英语议论文必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。
英语专业论文英语范文推荐(精选4篇)
英语专业论文英语范文推荐(精选4篇)选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。
问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来，本文是勤劳的小编给家人们找到的英语专业论文英语范文推荐【精选4篇】，仅供参考，希望对大家有一些参考价值。
英语小论文800字篇一1．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。
2．意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命，3．学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achieve success. It can contribute a lot to one’s success.Although “All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize life’s goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last.英语专业论文模板篇二“魅力新声”英语歌唱比赛不仅具有较高的学术含量，而且包含较浓厚的英语文化。
议论英语作文(优秀8篇)
议论英语作文（优秀8篇）议论英语作文篇一正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出23个赞成的理由)第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出23个反对的理由) 结论：第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)オ英语写作议论文模板篇二1、As is known to all, it is important to be/do …众所周知，重要的是……2、I think there are at least two reasons for …我认为至少有两个原因……3、For one thing,… For another ，…其中之一，另一个是……4、Let’s take … for example …我们以……为例……5、From what I have mentioned above we can see that without … we cannot …从上述我提到的`可以看出如果缺少……我们就不能……6、It is clear that,… plays an important part in …很明显，……在……方面起着重要作用。
浅谈SCI论文中Figure legends的写作要求
浅谈SCI论文中Figure legends的写作要求
1、Figure Legends的写作应严格按照期刊要求，如有的期刊要求另页双行打印，位置在表格或参考文献后面，也就是在论文的最后。
Figure legends不要排在插图下面。
2、图序即插图的序号。
根据插图在正文中被提及的顺序，用阿拉伯数字进行排序，如Figure 1、Figure 2等，并尽量把图安排在靠近第一次提及它的位置。
3、Figure Legends不应该包含方法细节，或者不超过100个字。
如果SCI论文没有方法部分，Figure Legends应该少于300个字。
4、图题即插图的标题，要求简明准确，要有较好的说明性和专指性，不要为了追求形式上的简洁而选用过于泛指的图题。
5、图中未能表达又必须表达的信息应在图注中说明。
如图中含有误差线，则应阐述是标准误、标准差、信度边界或数值范围。
如在图中标注了显著性值，则应在图注中说明。
6、当插图中含箭头、数字、符号或字母时，则要在相应的位置做明确的说明。
此外，在撰写Figure legends时一定要参考期刊的要求，有些期刊对图片数量有一定限制，因此在处理文档时，务必确认好哪些图片是必需放在文章内的，然后整理好Figure legends。
如何分析英文散文作文
如何分析英文散文作文Analyzing an English prose composition involvescarefully examining the language, structure, and content of the text. This includes looking at the author's use of literary devices, the overall theme and message of the piece, and the impact of the writing on the reader.When analyzing a prose composition, it's important to pay attention to the author's use of language. Thisincludes looking at the choice of words, sentence structure, and overall writing style. By examining the language used, we can gain insight into the author's intentions and the emotional impact of the writing.In addition to language, the structure of the prose composition is also important to analyze. This involves looking at the organization of the text, the use of paragraphs, and any patterns or motifs that emerge. By examining the structure, we can better understand how the author has chosen to present their ideas and how thisimpacts the reader's experience.Furthermore, it's essential to consider the content of the prose composition. This includes looking at the themes, characters, and overall message of the text. By analyzing the content, we can gain a deeper understanding of the author's perspective and the underlying meaning of the writing.Overall, analyzing an English prose composition involves carefully examining the language, structure, and content of the text in order to gain a deeper understanding of the author's intentions and the impact of the writing on the reader.。
大学英语议论文范文(优选4篇)
大学英语议论文范文第1篇英语议论文的格式一、英语议论文写作要点者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点:1.论点要鲜明、确切．一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证．2.论据要充分、可靠．一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据．i borrowed a book from the library last week .it was very boring and difficult .i read only ten pages. therefore, i think that all library books are useless.评注: it does not have a logical argument .the writer dislike one library book, but not all library books are the same. the writer should not make a general statement (all library books are useless) based on his reactions to one single book.二、议论文的写作步骤:大学英语议论文范文第2篇英语议论文作文：关于我Hello, my name is Jian ’m a ’m 12 years ’m in Class 5,Grade ’m tall and thin.In the school,I’m a good student. At my home,I’m s good son.I like playing badminton, playing the violin and so on. Sometimes, I play badminton with my good friends, sometimes; I watch badminton games on like blue and green, because they’re very beautiful. I like eating watermelons and mangoes very much.This is me. Do you like me?大学英语议论文范文第3篇英语作文的格式作文与阅读一样极为重要。
如何分析一篇优秀的英语作文范文
如何分析一篇优秀的英语作文范文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Analyze an Excellent English Essay SampleAs an English student, one of the best ways to improve your writing skills is by studying and analyzing excellent essay samples. These model essays serve as a guide, providing insights into proper structure, language usage, and effective argumentation. In this essay, I will share my approach to analyzing an outstanding English essay sample, breaking down the process into several key steps.Step 1: Understand the Prompt and Essay TypeBefore diving into the analysis, it's crucial to comprehend the essay prompt or question that the sample is addressing. Different essay types, such as argumentative, expository, or narrative, have distinct structures and requirements. Identifying the essay type will help you understand the writer's approach and the expectations for that specific genre.Step 2: Examine the IntroductionThe introduction is the gateway to the essay, and awell-crafted one can captivate the reader's attention and provide a clear roadmap for the rest of the piece. When analyzing the introduction, look for the following elements:Attention-grabbing hook: An effective hook, such as a thought-provoking quote, a striking statistic, or an intriguing anecdote, can immediately engage the reader.Background information: The introduction should provide enough context and background information to familiarize the reader with the topic without overwhelming them with excessive details.Thesis statement: The thesis statement is the backbone of the essay, clearly stating the main argument or purpose. It should be concise, specific, and debatable (for argumentative essays).Step 3: Analyze the Body ParagraphsThe body paragraphs are where the writer develops and supports their argument or central idea. When examining the body paragraphs, consider the following aspects:Topic sentences: Each body paragraph should begin with a clear topic sentence that introduces the main idea of that paragraph and ties it back to the thesis statement.Evidence and examples: Strong body paragraphs provide relevant and compelling evidence, such as facts, statistics, expert opinions, or real-life examples, to support the claims made in the topic sentence.Analysis and explanation: In addition to presenting evidence, the writer should analyze and explain how the evidence supports their argument, establishing clear connections between the evidence and the main point.Transitions and flow: Well-written essays use transitional phrases and logical flow to guide the reader smoothly from one idea to the next, ensuring coherence and clarity throughout the body paragraphs.Step 4: Evaluate the ConclusionThe conclusion is the final impression the reader will have of the essay, so it's essential to analyze its effectiveness. A strong conclusion should:Restate the thesis: The writer should reaffirm the main argument or central idea without simply repeating the thesis statement verbatim.Summarize key points: The conclusion should succinctly summarize the main points or arguments presented in the body paragraphs.Leave a lasting impact: The conclusion should provide a sense of closure and leave the reader with a memorable final thought, such as a call to action, a thought-provoking question, or a powerful statement that reinforces the essay's main message.Step 5: Assess Language and StyleWhile content and structure are crucial, an excellent essay also exhibits a mastery of language and style. When analyzing the language and style, consider the following elements:Word choice: The writer should use precise and vivid vocabulary that effectively conveys their intended meaning and enhances the overall impact of the essay.Tone and voice: The tone and voice should be consistent with the essay's purpose and intended audience, whether it's formal, informal, persuasive, or informative.Sentence structure: Effective essays employ a variety of sentence structures, including simple, compound, and complex sentences, to create a natural flow and maintain the reader's interest.Grammar and mechanics: Proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation are essential for clear and effective communication. The essay should be free of errors that could distract or confuse the reader.Step 6: Reflect and Apply Lessons LearnedAfter thoroughly analyzing the excellent essay sample, take the time to reflect on the lessons learned and consider how you can apply them to your own writing. Ask yourself:What strengths or techniques did the writer employ that you can incorporate into your essays?Were there any areas where the essay could have been improved, and how can you avoid similar weaknesses in your writing?How can you adapt the effective strategies from the sample to suit your own writing style and the specific requirements of your assignments?By carefully studying and analyzing outstanding English essay samples, you can gain valuable insights into the art of effective writing. This process will not only deepen your understanding of essay structure, argumentation, and language usage but also inspire you to elevate your own writing skills, enabling you to craft compelling and impactful essays.篇2How to Analyze an Exemplary English EssayAs an English student, one of the most valuable skills we can develop is the ability to critically analyze exemplary pieces of writing. By closely examining the elements that make an essay stand out, we can not only deepen our understanding of effective writing techniques but also gain insights that can elevate our own compositions. In this essay, I will share my approach to analyzing an exemplary English essay, covering aspects such as structure, language use, argumentation, and stylistic elements.Structure: The Foundation of a Well-Organized EssayThe structure of an essay is like the skeletal framework that holds everything together. An exemplary essay typically follows a clear and logical structure, with an engaging introduction thatcaptures the reader's attention, a well-developed body that presents the main arguments and supporting evidence, and a compelling conclusion that leaves a lasting impression.When analyzing the structure, I pay close attention to the essay's organization and the transitions between paragraphs and ideas. A well-structured essay should have a natural flow, guiding the reader seamlessly from one point to the next. I also examine the thesis statement, which should be concise, focused, and reflective of the essay's central argument or purpose.Language Use: The Power of Effective CommunicationLanguage is the medium through which ideas are conveyed, and an exemplary essay showcases a mastery of language use. When analyzing an essay's language, I focus on several key elements:Vocabulary: An exemplary essay often employs a rich and diverse vocabulary, demonstrating the writer's command of the English language. I pay attention to the precision and appropriateness of word choices, as well as the use of figurative language and rhetorical devices that enhance the essay's impact.Sentence Structure: The way sentences are constructed can greatly influence the flow and readability of an essay. I examinethe variety of sentence structures employed, looking for a balance between simple and complex sentences, as well as the effective use of parallelism and other stylistic techniques.Tone and Voice: An exemplary essay should have a consistent and appropriate tone that aligns with its purpose and audience. I analyze the writer's voice, considering factors such as formality, objectivity, and the ability to engage the reader.Argumentation: The Art of PersuasionAt the heart of an exemplary essay lies a strong andwell-supported argument. When analyzing the argumentation, I focus on several key aspects:Thesis Statement: The thesis statement should be clear, concise, and reflective of the essay's central argument. I evaluate whether the thesis is effectively supported throughout the essay and whether it addresses the prompt or topic in a compelling manner.Evidence and Examples: Supporting arguments with relevant and credible evidence is crucial in an exemplary essay. I examine the types of evidence used, such as facts, statistics, expert opinions, and examples, and assess their relevance, accuracy, and effectiveness in supporting the main arguments.Counterarguments and Rebuttals: An exemplary essay often anticipates and addresses potential counterarguments, demonstrating the writer's ability to think critically and engage in nuanced reasoning. I analyze how effectively counterarguments are presented and rebutted, contributing to the overall persuasiveness of the essay.Stylistic Elements: The Artistic TouchWhile structure, language use, and argumentation form the foundation of an exemplary essay, stylistic elements can elevate it to a truly outstanding piece of writing. When analyzing stylistic elements, I consider:Rhetorical Devices: The effective use of rhetorical devices such as metaphors, similes, analogies, and rhetorical questions can enhance the essay's impact and engage the reader. I examine how these devices are employed and their effectiveness in supporting the essay's overall message.Imagery and Description: Vivid imagery and descriptive language can transport the reader into the essay's world, making the writing more engaging and memorable. I analyze the use of sensory details and descriptive techniques that contribute to the essay's vividness and appeal.Tone and Voice: As mentioned earlier, the tone and voice of an essay can greatly influence its impact on the reader. I assess the consistency and appropriateness of the tone, as well as the writer's ability to establish a unique and compelling voice throughout the essay.ConclusionAnalyzing an exemplary English essay is a multifaceted process that requires a critical eye and a deep understanding of effective writing techniques. By examining the structure, language use, argumentation, and stylistic elements, we can gain valuable insights into what makes a piece of writing truly exceptional. As students, developing this analytical skill will not only deepen our appreciation for exemplary writing but also contribute to our growth as writers, equipping us with the tools to craft our own compelling and impactful compositions.篇3How to Analyze an Outstanding English Essay SampleAs an English student, it's crucial to learn from the best examples out there. Analyzing excellent essay samples can provide invaluable insights into effective writing techniques, structure, and language use. However, simply reading throughthese exemplary pieces is not enough; you need to approach them with a critical eye and an analytical mindset. In this essay, I'll share my tried-and-true approach to dissecting outstanding English essays, which has helped me improve my own writing skills tremendously.Understand the Prompt and PurposeBefore diving into the analysis, it's essential to comprehend the prompt or assignment that the essay is addressing. What was the writer asked to do? Was it a persuasive essay, a narrative, or an analytical piece? Understanding the purpose and requirements of the essay will help you identify the strategies and techniques the writer employed to meet those expectations.Examine the StructureA well-crafted essay follows a logical and coherent structure, guiding the reader smoothly from the introduction to the conclusion. When analyzing an excellent sample, pay close attention to the organizational patterns employed by the writer.Introduction: How does the writer capture the reader's attention and provide a clear thesis statement or central argument?Body Paragraphs: How are the supporting ideas and evidence presented? Is there a clear topic sentence for each paragraph, followed by relevant details and examples?Transitions: How does the writer smoothly transition between ideas and paragraphs, maintaining a logical flow?Conclusion: Does the conclusion effectively summarize the main points and reinforce the thesis without introducing new information?Analyze the Language and StyleLanguage and style play a crucial role in effective writing. When examining an excellent essay sample, pay close attention to the writer's choice of words, tone, and stylistic devices.Vocabulary: Does the writer use a rich and varied vocabulary appropriate for the subject matter and intended audience? Are there any particularly vivid or memorable word choices?Tone: What is the overall tone of the essay? Does it remain consistent throughout, or does it shift appropriately with the content?Stylistic Devices: Identify any effective use of figurative language, such as metaphors, similes, or analogies. Also, look forrhetorical devices like repetition, parallel structure, or rhetorical questions.Evaluate the Evidence and SupportIn persuasive or analytical essays, the strength of the argument lies in the quality and relevance of the evidence and supporting details provided. When analyzing an excellent sample, critically assess the following aspects:Sources: Are the sources cited credible, reliable, andup-to-date? Does the writer effectively integrate and synthesize information from multiple sources?Examples and Illustrations: Do the examples and illustrations effectively support and clarify the writer's points? Are they relevant, specific, and well-explained?Counterarguments: In a persuasive essay, does the writer acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints effectively?Consider the Overall ImpactFinally, step back and reflect on the overall impact and effectiveness of the essay. Ask yourself:Did the writer achieve the intended purpose and effectively convey their message or argument?Was the essay engaging, thought-provoking, and memorable?Did the writer demonstrate a strong command of the English language and a mastery of the specific writing genre or style?Remember, analyzing excellent essay samples is an ongoing process. As you continue to study and practice, your ability to identify and appreciate outstanding writing will improve. Don't be afraid to read the same sample multiple times, taking notes and reflecting on the writer's choices and techniques.By following this analytical approach, you'll not only gain a deeper understanding of what constitutes exceptional writing, but you'll also develop the skills and insights necessary to elevate your own English essays to new heights.。
论文写作课心得,英语版5篇
论文写作课心得,英语版5篇第一篇：论文写作课心得,英语版What I have learned:In this week’s class, first of all, our teacher showed us how to formulate a working thesis.A working thesis is a hypothetical answer to one’s research question and a good working thesis should be a single clear sentence, positive,non-obvious statement and can be tested.I think this could force us to narrow our topic and we should have our own opinion on the topic or what we want to prove.Then according to what I have learned I proposed three hypotheses of my own topic.After finished this task, the teacher showed us how to write the literature review.First, if we want to write a good literature review, we should have a clear thesis or research question.In the literature review we should describe the history and current situation of the field related to our research subjects, the definitions of some important terms and so on.I think the most important thing are that we should not ignore our own evaluation of the current cited paper and also our own opinions on the topics.Then according to what I have learned from this class, I read the article which the teacher have given us.I found that the author used the Thematical Method in the literature review.The author first introduced the surveys on the ownership of PDE in different countries, and then the function of the PDE and the disadvantages and advantages of the use of PDE , the teacher’s attitude towards the PDE and how to train students to use the PDE.At last, the author evaluated all the researches of this topic ,and showed what his own paper would do.Therefore, we can see that the author introduced all the related theories to thestudy of PDE these years in good order, but in each paragraph the author used the chronological method to introduce each period of the researches on this topic.About the tense of the literature review the author mainly used the past tense to introduce what the other authors have found.Then, in the last part, the author used the simple present tense to evaluate the researches and illustrated what would be tested in his own paper.I think the tenses that the author used are appropriate.About my own paper, first I collect more articles about my topic and read two articles carefully to find out the hypotheses and comprehend their literature reviews.Then, I also discuss the topic with my partner and supervisor.At last I find what I should do first is to search some political news in China Daily and the Liberty Times(the newspaper of Taiwan).Then I should read these news carefully to find out and analyze the main features of the use of metaphors in political discourse from different newspapers.Then I can analyze the differences and similarities of the use of metaphors between Mandarin and Taiwanese.Only after that can I illustrate the different ideologies of the two different language varieties.At the same time, I should read more articles and books about my topic so that I can write a good article.第二篇：论文写作心得论文写作心得引导语：论文写作，简单的说，就是大专院校毕业论文的写作，包含着本科生的学士论文，研究生的硕士论文，博士生的博士论文，延伸到了职称论文的写作以及科技论文的写作，我们要总结一些写作的心得，我们才能写出更加优秀的论文。
英语论文怎么写
英语论文怎么写
写好一篇英语论文需要遵循一定的结构和步骤。
以下是撰写英语论文的一些建议：
1. 主题选择：选择一个有足够研究价值和兴趣的主题。
确保主题具有明确的范围和目标。
2. 研究：收集和审查相关的文献、研究和资料。
了解当前的研究进展和观点，并做好笔记。
3. 论文结构：确立论文的结构，在引言、文献综述、方法、结果、讨论和结论部分进行组织。
每个部分应该清晰地引导读者进入下一个部分。
4. 引言：介绍研究主题，提出问题并转移到下一部分。
引言应简明扼要、激发读者兴趣。
5. 文献综述：回顾已有的相关文献，指出当前研究的缺点或机会，并阐明研究的理论和研究方法。
6. 方法：描述研究设计、数据收集和分析的详细步骤。
确保描述清晰、准确，以使其他人能够重复研究。
7. 结果：以图表、表格或统计数据的方式呈现研究结果。
结果应该客观、准确地反映实验或调查的结果。
8. 讨论：对结果进行解释和分析，将其与文献进行比较，并讨
论研究的局限性和未来研究的方向。
9. 结论：总结研究的主要发现，并阐明其对该领域的贡献。
不要重复论文的内容，而是提出进一步的研究建议。
10. 参考文献：列出全文中引用的文献和资料的详细信息，按
照规定的引文格式编排。
11. 编辑和校对：仔细检查论文的语法、拼写和标点错误。
请
其他人对论文进行审核和编辑。
最后，确保按照学术诚信的原则，引用他人的观点和研究成果，并避免抄袭。
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式在英文学术论文的写作过程中，准确和流畅的表达是非常重要的。
本文将探讨一些论文中的英文写作技巧及表达方式，帮助读者提升论文写作的能力。
1. 写作结构论文的结构对于阐明观点、组织思路至关重要。
以下是一般英文学术论文的常见结构：（1）引言：介绍论文的主题，概述论文的目的和重要性，并提供背景知识。
（2）文献综述：回顾相关的学术研究和理论，评估前人的研究成果。
（3）方法论：描述研究方法、实验设计和数据分析方法。
（4）结果：对实验结果进行客观的描述和分析。
（5）讨论：解释和解读结果，并与前人的研究进行比较和讨论。
（6）结论：总结研究成果，强调重要性和可能的进一步研究方向。
2. 语法和拼写良好的语法和拼写是论文写作的基础。
以下是一些常见的语法和拼写错误，需要注意避免：（1）主谓一致：主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数上要保持一致。
（2）时态一致：使用正确的时态表达，如过去时、现在时或将来时等。
（3）冠词使用：正确使用冠词（a、an、the），并避免过度使用。
（4）拼写错误：仔细校对论文中的拼写错误，可以使用拼写检查工具进行辅助。
3. 学术词汇在写作过程中，合适的学术词汇能够提升论文的专业程度，但过度使用学术词汇反而会让读者难以理解。
以下是一些建议：（1）避免使用口语化的表达方式，如俚语或缩写。
（2）使用学术词汇丰富论文内容，但确保这些词汇确实适用于所描述的概念。
（3）使用词汇表达准确的思想和观点，同时避免以讹传讹，对所使用词汇的准确性要有严谨要求。
4. 表达清晰在论文写作中，清晰的表达是非常重要的。
以下是一些建议：（1）使用简洁的句子结构和控制篇幅，避免过长的句子或段落。
（2）使用逻辑的连接词，如"however"、"therefore"、"in addition"等，帮助读者理解论文的逻辑。
（3）对于复杂的概念，使用图表或实例来解释，以帮助读者更好地理解。
英语议论文模板 英语议论文模板范文 英语议论文万能模板简单优秀5篇
英语议论文模板英语议论文模板范文英语议论文万能模板简单优秀5篇英语议论文一直以来被认为是书面语篇中一种基本的文本模式。
而英语议论文对外语学习者来说也是较难的一种语篇类型。
参考一些英语议论文模板，问题或许就迎刃而解了。
下面这5篇英语议论文模板范文英语议论文万能模板简单是作者为您整理的英语议论文模板范文模板，欢迎查阅参考。
大学英语议论文篇一要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。
分析并举例使其更充实。
the good old prover________(名言或谚语)reminduthat ________(释义). indeed, we can learn manthingform it.first of all,________(理由一). for example, ____________(举例说明). secondly,________(理由二). another case ithat ________(举例说明). furthermore , ____________(理由三).英语四级英译汉的目的。
,要求和评分in mopinion, ________(我的观点). in short, whatever you do, please remember the say____a. if you understand it and applit to your studor work, you”ll necessarilbenefit a lot from it.2.大学英语议论文通用模板the topic of ①________(主题)ibecoming more and more popular recently. there are two sideof opinionof it. some people saa itheir favorite. thehold their view for the reason of②________(支持a的理由一)what imore, ③________(理由二). moreover, ④________(理由三).while otherthink that ia better choice in the following three reasons. firstly,________(支持b 的理由一). secondl(besides),⑥____________(理由二). thirdl(finally),⑦____________(理由三).from mpoint of view, i think ⑧________(我的观点). the reason ithat ⑨____________(原因). aa matter of fact, there are some other reasonto explain mchoice. for me, the former isurela wise choice .(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点some people believe that ①________(观点一). for example, thethink ②________(举例说明).and it will bring them ③________(为他们带来的好处).in mopinion, i never think thireason can be the point. for one thing,④____(我不同意该看法的理由一). for another thing, ⑤____(反对的理由之二). form all what i have said,i agree to the thought that ⑥____(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).英语六级考试写作技巧大学英语议论文篇二1. 问题现状英语四级英译汉的目的，要求和评分怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)in recent days, we have to face i problem——a, which ibecoming more and more serious. first, ________(说明a的现状).second, ________(举例进一步说明现状) confronted with a, we should take a serieof effective measureto cope with the situation. for one thing, ________(解决方法一). for another ________(解决方法二). finally, ________(解决方法三).personally, i believe that ________(我的解决方法). consequently, i’m confident that a bright future iawaiting ubecause ________(带来的好处).说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，较后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)1. 说明事物现状事物本身的优缺点(或一方面) 你对现状(或前景)的看法nowadaymanpeople prefer a because it haa significant role in our daillife. generally, itadvantagecan be seen afollows. first ________(a的优点之一). beside____________(a的优点之二).but evercoin hatwo sides. the negative aspectare also apparent. one of the important disadvantageithat ________(a的一个缺点).to make matterworse,____________(a的第二个缺点).through the above analysis, i believe that the positive aspectoverweigh the negative ones. therefore, i would like to ________(我的看法).(from the comparison between these positive and negative effectof a, we should take it reasonabland do it according to the circumstancewe are in. onlbthiway, ________(对前景的预测).推荐英语议论文模板范文(精篇三姓名：性别：女民族：汉族政治面貌：团员出生日期：婚姻状况：未婚学历：大专毕业院校：师范学院毕业时间：所学专业：英语教育外语水平：英语（pets—3）电脑水平：熟练工作年限：3年联系方式：工作类型：全职期望行业：培训机构、教育、科研院所期望职位：幼儿教育、教师、培训工作地点：不限期望月薪：1000—20xx20xx年9月—20xx年6月就读于xx幼儿师范学校，多次获得奖学金20xx年9月—20xx年6月就读于师范学院，多次获得奖学金。
如何写好英文论文
如何写好英文论文写一篇出色的英文论文是每个研究生或学术研究者的追求。
然而，许多人在写作过程中会遇到各种困难。
下面将分享一些关键技巧，帮助您写好英文论文。
1. 研究和分析在撰写英文论文之前，必须进行充分的研究和分析。
这包括查阅相关的文献和研究成果，并将其整理成有逻辑性的论证链。
确定研究问题并进行深入的分析，以确保论文的内容有深度和独创性。
2. 结构和组织一个良好的英文论文应该具有清晰的结构和组织。
文章的开头应引起读者的兴趣，利用一个引人入胜的问题或令人难以置信的事实来捕捉读者的注意力。
在每个段落中，包括一个主题句，帮助读者理解自己的思路。
同时，确保论文的发展逻辑连贯，并且按照合理的顺序进行。
3. 使用正确的语法和拼写写作过程中，正确的语法和拼写是至关重要的。
定期检查文章中的拼写错误，并使用语法检查工具以确保文章的准确性。
此外，还要注意使用正确的时态和语气，避免使用口语或俚语表达，以保证文章的正式性和学术性。
4. 平衡引用和原创性在写作英文论文时，引用其他学者的观点和研究成果是非常重要的。
这可以帮助加强自己的论点，并向读者证明自己的研究的可靠性。
然而，在引用方面要谨慎，并确保通过恰当的方式引用，并标明出处。
此外，保持一定的原创性也很重要，通过自己的分析和见解来增加论文的独特性。
5. 编辑和润色阶段写完初稿后，不要急于提交。
先进行编辑和润色，以确保文章的质量和完整性。
在编辑过程中，注意逻辑和语法的错误，并对论文进行适当的调整和重组。
在润色阶段，重点关注文章的流畅性和细节，确保语言简洁且准确，以及用词精确。
6. 寻求反馈和建议最后，寻求反馈和建议是提高英文论文质量的关键步骤。
向同事、导师或其他专业人士寻求建议，并接受他们的批评和建议。
他们的反馈可以帮助你发现自己文章中的盲点和不足之处，并给出改进的方向。
通过不断修改和改进，最终得到一篇出色的英文论文。
总结起来，写好英文论文需要进行深入的研究，遵循良好的结构和组织，使用正确的语法和拼写，平衡引用和原创性，进行编辑和润色，并寻求反馈和建议。
写英文论文的几个小技巧（精选5篇）
写英文论文的几个小技巧（精选5篇）第一篇：写英文论文的几个小技巧小弟不才，迄今才撰写了三篇英文文章，但写作过程中也积累了一点经验，不敢敝帚自珍，今天也斗胆向各位虫友贡献一下。
我这几篇文章，不论内容如何，但每次审稿人对于语言的评价都是还不错的，well written，总结起来不外有三个小窍门：一是平时多积累。
我在日常读文献的时候，如果发现很好的句子句式，都会记录在一个文档里面，如下面的一段话，就是我在一篇文章的摘要中发现的：This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of microelectro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics.First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review of factors influencing the design of sensor networks is provided.Then, the communication architecture for sensor networks is outlined, and the algorithms and protocols developed for each layer in the literature are explored.Open research issues for the realization of sensor networks are also discussed.文章用词忌重复，中文如此，英文亦然。
英文论文写作体会
英文论文写作体会在学术界，英文论文写作是一个不可避免的话题。
作为一名学术研究者，我经常需要撰写英文论文。
在这个过程中，我有了一些心得体会，想和大家分享一下。
首先，要有一个好的论文框架。
论文框架是写作的基石，好的框架不仅可以帮助作者更好地组织文章结构，还可以使读者更容易理解作者的论点。
在论文框架中，要清晰地表述中心思想、背景和目的，再通过论据和证据等分析来支持自己的观点。
同时，论文的插图、图表和数据分析都要符合规范，出现在恰当的文章部分和位置上。
其次，要注重语言表达和语法。
英文论文写作中，语言的表达是一个非常重要的环节。
有时候，两篇论文获得的评分可能一样，但语言表达水平的高低可以使其中一篇论文获得更多的关注度。
要确保使用简洁明了但又恰当的语言，不要使用口语化的表达方式或短语。
此外，语法的正确使用也是至关重要的，需要注意时态、单复数的用法等语法规则。
还要注意阐述自己的观点。
英文论文的写作过程中要注意表达自己的观点。
尽管在学术研究中，不同的研究者可能有不同的看法，但文章必须清楚地表述作者自己的观点。
这个过程需要对文献进行充分的梳理，理解别人的观点，融汇贯通，最终萌发出自己的独特观点。
同时要注重读者的反馈，因为读者的反馈对于进一步改进论文和提高文章质量至关重要。
最后，要注意参考文献的引用。
参考文献是一份论文中必不可少的部分，因为它表明了作者的观点和想法是否有基于之前研究的科学依据。
正确引用参考文献可以有效的避免抄袭和剽窃，并增强文章的可信度。
在选择参考文献时，要注意选择与文章主题相关或者质量优良的文献。
此外，不断实践也能提高英文论文写作的技能。
写作是一项技能，需要不断地联系和实践。
在写作的过程中难免会遇到问题，需要不断地尝试新的写作方法，和积极接收别人的反馈和意见，不断地完善和提高自己的写作技能。
总而言之，英文论文写作需要有一个好的论文框架、注重福表达和语法、阐述明确的观点和参考文献的正确引用。
不断实践和尝试新的写作方法能够帮助写作技能的提高。
论文写作中的英文写作技巧
论文写作中的英文写作技巧写作一直是学术研究中不可或缺的一部分。
在论文写作中，对于母语非英语的学者来说，英文写作可能是一个挑战。
然而，掌握一些英文写作技巧，可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的思想，并且提高论文的质量。
本文将分享一些论文写作中的英文写作技巧，以期帮助学者们提升写作能力。
一、精确使用词汇在论文写作中，选择恰当的词汇可以增强文章的准确性和专业性。
避免使用过于普通或模糊的词汇，而是使用更具体和明确的术语。
同时，需要注意词汇的正确用法和拼写。
可以查阅专业词典或使用在线语言工具来确保使用的词汇准确无误。
二、正确使用语法和句式良好的语法和句式结构是确保文章流畅和易读的关键。
在论文写作中，需要遵守英文的语法规则，包括主谓一致、时态一致、语态正确等。
此外，也要注意使用多样化的句式，避免过多使用简单句，可以尝试使用复杂句或并列句来展示自己的观点。
三、引用和引文格式在学术论文中，引用他人的研究成果是不可或缺的。
准确引用和引文格式的使用可以提升文章的可信度和学术性。
在引用他人观点或研究结果时，需要注明来源，并使用正确的引文格式，如APA、MLA等。
建议学者们查阅相应的引用指南，确保引用的准确和规范。
四、结构清晰、段落过渡自然良好的结构可以使文章逻辑清晰且易于理解。
在论文写作中，可以采用传统的导言、正文和结论的结构，或是根据自己的需要选择其他适当的结构。
在每个段落中，要确保句子之间的过渡自然，保持段落之间的连贯性。
使用适当的过渡词可以帮助读者理解文章的脉络和思路。
五、阅读和修改写完论文后，不要忘了进行仔细的阅读和修改。
首先，阅读一遍论文，检查语法错误、句子不通顺或不准确的表达。
其次，检查论文的逻辑性和连贯性，确保每段的内容围绕主题展开，并且段落之间有明确的过渡。
此外，还可以请同行或专业编辑对论文进行评审，以获得更深入的意见和建议。
综上所述，论文写作中的英文写作技巧是非常重要的。
精确使用词汇、正确使用语法和句式、引用和引文格式的准确性、结构清晰和段落过渡自然以及阅读和修改都是提高论文写作质量的关键步骤。
英语对文章的看法作文
英语对文章的看法作文Title: The Importance of English in Understanding Texts。
English, as a global language, plays a pivotal role in comprehending various texts across different domains. Its significance extends beyond mere communication; it servesas a gateway to accessing knowledge, culture, and information. In this essay, I will delve into the reasons why English is crucial for understanding texts and how it facilitates intellectual growth and cross-cultural exchange.Firstly, English serves as the lingua franca in many fields such as science, technology, medicine, and business. Most academic journals, research papers, and technical documents are written in English. Therefore, proficiency in English is indispensable for individuals seeking to engage with scholarly literature, stay updated with the latest advancements, and contribute to their respective fields. Without a good command of English, accessing and comprehending these texts would be challenging, if notimpossible.Secondly, English is the language of the internet. A significant portion of online content, including websites, blogs, articles, and social media posts, is in English. Whether one is seeking information, entertainment, orsocial interaction, proficiency in English enhances one's ability to navigate the vast digital landscape effectively. Moreover, online platforms provide opportunities for self-directed learning and personal growth, and English proficiency unlocks these opportunities, enabling individuals to explore diverse perspectives and ideas.Furthermore, English is essential for understanding literature and culture. Many literary classics, influential works of philosophy, and iconic films originate in English-speaking countries. Translations may capture the essence of the original text to some extent, but they often fall short of conveying the nuances, wordplay, and cultural references inherent in the source material. By learning English, individuals can engage with these texts in their authentic form, gaining deeper insights into the cultural contextsfrom which they emerge.Moreover, English proficiency fosters cross-cultural understanding and communication. In today's interconnected world, interactions with people from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds are commonplace. English serves as a common ground where individuals from different parts of the world can come together to exchange ideas, collaborate on projects, and build meaningful relationships. By breaking down language barriers, English facilitates cultural exchange and promotes mutual understanding, tolerance, and empathy.Additionally, English proficiency enhances one's cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills. Learninga new language challenges the brain and improves memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills. Moreover, exposure to different linguistic structures and modes of expression fosters adaptability and flexibility in thinking. By grappling with complex texts in English, individuals develop analytical skills, linguistic competence, and the ability to evaluate information critically, enabling themto navigate the complexities of the modern world with confidence and clarity.In conclusion, English plays a vital role in understanding texts across various domains, from academic literature and online content to literature and culture. Its significance extends beyond mere communication, encompassing intellectual growth, cross-cultural exchange, and cognitive development. Therefore, investing in English language education and proficiency is essential for individuals seeking to thrive in today's globalized world. By mastering English, individuals can unlock a wealth of knowledge, connect with people from diverse backgrounds, and broaden their horizons in ways that enrich their lives personally, professionally, and intellectually.。
怎么剖析一篇英文综述作文
怎么剖析一篇英文综述作文Analyzing an English review article requires a careful approach to understanding the author's main points and arguments. In this task, it is important to maintain a conversational tone and avoid using overly formal language. Each paragraph should be independent and not follow a specific order or logical relationship. Additionally, it is essential to ensure that each paragraph has a unique language feature to showcase diversity in expression. Avoid using any form of connecting words or transitional phrases at the beginning of each paragraph to maintain the text's spontaneity and immediacy, avoiding giving the reader a coherent narrative expectation.The first paragraph of the review article introduces the topic of discussion. The author provides a brief overview of the subject matter and sets the stage for the rest of the article. The author may use descriptive language to create an image in the reader's mind and pique their interest in the topic.In the second paragraph, the author may delve into the history of the subject matter. The author may provide abrief background and discuss how the topic has evolved over time. This paragraph may include specific dates, events, or individuals that have had a significant impact on thesubject matter.The third paragraph may focus on the current state of the subject matter. The author may discuss recent developments, trends, or controversies related to the topic. This paragraph may also include statistics or data to support the author's argument.The fourth paragraph may discuss the author's own opinion or analysis of the subject matter. The author may provide their perspective on the topic and explain why they hold that particular viewpoint. This paragraph may include personal anecdotes or examples to illustrate the author's point.The final paragraph of the review article may summarizethe author's main points and conclusions. The author may provide a call to action or suggest further research or discussion on the topic. This paragraph should leave the reader with a clear understanding of the author's main argument and why it is significant.In conclusion, analyzing an English review article requires a careful approach to understanding the author's main points and arguments. Each paragraph should be independent and not follow a specific order or logical relationship. Additionally, it is essential to ensure that each paragraph has a unique language feature to showcase diversity in expression. Avoid using any form of connecting words or transitional phrases at the beginning of each paragraph to maintain the text's spontaneity and immediacy, avoiding giving the reader a coherent narrative expectation.。
教你写好一篇英语议论文
教你写好一篇英语议论文议论文是很常见的一种文体，非常考验逻辑性。
自高中以来，想必大家写了不少议论文了吧?那么，英语的议论文又该怎么写呢?下面是小编为您收集整理的教你写好一篇英语议论文，供大家参考!教你写好一篇英语议论文1、Compose your essay with a clear purpose 带着明确的意图写文章一篇议论文旨在让读者接受你对于这个话题的看法。
以下都是些很好的话题例子：Whether governments should or should not fund embryonic stem cell research.Whether love is a virtue or a vice.Why Citizen Kane is the best movie of the 20th century.Why American citizens should be forced to vote.2、Write your essay as though you are conducting a debate 写文章的时候假设你正在参加一场辩论赛辩论赛里你需要向听众介绍你的主题，摆出论据并且进行总结性说明。
议论文和辩论文章的结构是相似的。
3、Collect facts from good sources to justify your opinions 收集一些来源好的事实证明你的观点。
使用合理的事实来支持你的论证。
一篇写的好的文章是好的，而一篇议论的好的文章是难以否认的。
除了做研究，你还可以通过调查、采访或者进行实验来获取论证。
另外，不要只说一个事实，可以讲故事。
比如：Since the death penalty has been reinstated, more than 140 inmates on death row have been released after evidence proved them innocent. Ask yourself: How would you like to be one of those 140 wrongfully-convicted inmates.4、Discuss conflicting opinions 讨论正反观点除了阐明自己的意见，还可以提出相反的意见，并论证它是不准确的或是过时的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
选题
Regulation of the p27(Kip1) tumor suppressor by miR-221 and miR222 promotes cancer cell proliferation. Embo J 26: 3699-3708, 2007. …………
上调miR-221/222, 能促进胶质瘤细胞 增殖、侵袭能力,并 调节增殖相关蛋白 （PCNA、pAKT、 p27），侵袭相关蛋 白（MMP2、 MMP9 、TIMP3） ，抑癌基因相关蛋 白（PTEN、puma 、bcl-2）
引言
Taken together, we aimed to clarify whether overexpression of miR221/222 might co-enhance malignant phenotype in glioma cells through a similar pathway. By bioinformatics analysis, 70 common target genes of miR-221/222 were generated and 16 of these genes represented direct or indirect interaction with Akt. Overexpression of miR-221/222 increased glioma cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and induced 主题 glioma growth in a subcutaneous mouse model. Furthermore, miR221/222 could activate Akt pathway by regulation of common gene expression in gliomagenesis.
摘要(Abstract)
缩写的论文（250个字）关键的创新点和意义
结构式摘要：目的、方法、结果、结论四部分 每一部分明确标示
主题
传统式摘要: 背景、目的、方法与结果、结论
摘要
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory RNAs that negatively modulate protein expression at a post-transcriptional level. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. However, the further mechanism of miRNAs remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the coordinated function of miR-221/222 in glioma by bioinformatics and experiment method. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-221/222 had the 主题 potential to regulate about 70 common target genes and may exert a cooperative effect on regulation and function via Akt signaling pathway. Overexpression of miR-221/222 increased glioma cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and induced glioma growth in a subcutaneous mouse model. Furthermore, miR-221/222 overexpression resulted in an obvious activation of p-Akt and significant changes of Akt-related gene expression in glioma cells. Our results suggest that miR-221/222 coenhance glioma malignant phenotype via activation of Akt pathway mediated by regulation of common gene expression.
如何做好科研工作？
——做科研的一些经验和体会
史振东
2012. 11. 21
科研方向和课题选择
概 要
资料收集和文献阅读
研究思路和实验设计 实验完成和数据分析 论文撰写
如何确定研究方向和课题？
重要性
阐述核心或关键问题
新颖性 本学科的前沿领域或热点问题
实用性 具有转化意义或生产应用潜力
注意的问题
选题要恰当 防止选题过大、过难，这样的课题完不 成；防止选择过小过易不重要课题。 课题有兴趣 对漫长的过程 课题的实施不是一蹴而就，而是一个相
审稿人关注的问题
作者的论证是否合乎逻辑，讨论和结论是否合理
稿件的内容是否新颖、重要
文字表达是否正确、简明、清楚
实验数据是否真实、可靠 稿件的摘要、引言、体例是否合适
参考文献的引用是否妥当
主题
图表的使用和设计是否必要、规范、清楚
选题
实验数据结果整理分析
课题组中与该实验相关研究
主题
与该实验相关的最新进展
Or C dependent - B is regulated by A in tumor
题目
Downregulation of miR-21 inhibits EGFR pathway and suppresses the growth of human glioblastoma 主题 cells independent of PTEN status
准确 简洁 主题 清楚 醒目
题目
1. A inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo
2.
A inhibits tumor growth through B
主题
3. A mediated B inhibits tumor growth dependent of C
来源有依据 文献信息、学术交流、社会需求等，通 过科学分析判断决定。 基础要充分 包括科学积累、技术、设备条件和经 费 保障等，防止选择没有实施条件课题
资料搜集
课题研究的背景 科学意义和应用需求 研究现状和发展趋势 关键问题和研究方法
注 意：
（1）来源单一 （2）信息片面
除文献外，会议、报告和交流等。 注意课题优势，着眼于国外进展，
Co-suppression of miR-221/222 cluster suppresses human glioma cell growth by targeting p27kip1 in . vitro and in vivoInt J Oncol 34: 16531660, 2009.
主题
实验完成和数据整理
制定可行的试验计划 准备工作要充分 实验记录应真实详尽，善于总结发析 注重交流与合作，互利共赢 注意劳逸结合，保持良好心态
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
论文撰写
英文论文写作浅谈
结合自身写作经验，以“miR-221/222 promote malignant progression of glioma 主题 through activation Akt pathway”为例，谈 谈英文论文写作
引言
Among oncomiRs, miR-221/222 have been proved to be over expressed in several different types of human cancers, such as glioblastoma (6, 7), prostate carcinoma (8, 9), papillary thyroid carcinoma (10), hepatocellular cancer (11) and pancreatic cancer (12). That suggests that miR-221/222 are associated with the development and progression of cancer. miR-221/222, located in a cluster on chromosome Xp11.3, are 主题 considered part of the same family. They share the same “seed” sequence, short regions at their 5‟ ends through which they bind their target sites in mRNA 3‟-UTRs. The „„seeds‟‟ sequence is very well evolutionarily conserved, indicating an important role in coordinated regulation and function. Several genes have been evidenced to be common targets of these two miRNAs, such as p27kip1 (6), p57(13), kit(10).
有思路时：检验思路的优势、新颖性和创造性，跟踪最新文献和
研究思路的冲突。 实验目的要清楚：说明要解决的关键问题，避免盲目性。 实验方案要可行：提高效率，减少浪费。