锁骨骨折指南2020

锁骨骨折指南2020
Introduction.
Clavicle fractures are common injuries, accounting for approximately 5% of all fractures. They can be caused by a variety of mechanisms, including falls, direct blows to the shoulder, and sports injuries.
Classification.
Clavicle fractures are classified based on their
location and severity. The most common classification
system is the Neer classification, which divides clavicle fractures into three types:
Type I: Fractures of the medial third of the clavicle.
Type II: Fractures of the middle third of the clavicle.
Type III: Fractures of the lateral third of the
clavicle.
Diagnosis.
Clavicle fractures are typically diagnosed based on physical examination and radiographic imaging. Physical examination may reveal tenderness, swelling, and deformity of the clavicle. Radiographic imaging, such as X-rays or CT scans, can confirm the diagnosis and provide information about the fracture pattern.
Treatment.
The treatment of clavicle fractures depends on the type and severity of the fracture.
Type I fractures: Most type I fractures can be treated conservatively with a sling and immobilization. Surgery is rarely necessary.
Type II fractures: Type II fractures can be treated either conservatively or surgically. Conservative treatment
involves immobilization with a sling or cast. Surgical treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws.
Type III fractures: Type III fractures are typically treated surgically with ORIF.
Rehabilitation.
After treatment, patients with clavicle fractures will need to undergo rehabilitation to restore range of motion and strength to the shoulder. Rehabilitation typically involves physical therapy and exercises.
Complications.
Clavicle fractures can be associated with a number of complications, including:
Nonunion: Failure of the fracture to heal.
Malunion: Healing of the fracture in a deformed
position.
Neurovascular injury: Damage to the nerves or blood vessels in the area of the fracture.
Infection.
Prognosis.
The prognosis for clavicle fractures is generally good. Most patients will make a full recovery within a few months. However, some patients may experience persistent pain or stiffness in the shoulder.
Prevention.
Clavicle fractures can be prevented by wearing
protective gear when participating in sports or other activities that involve a risk of falling.
中文回答：
锁骨骨折管理指南 2020。

引言。

锁骨骨折是常见的损伤，约占所有骨折的 5%。

它们可由多种机
制引起，包括跌倒、直接击打肩部和运动损伤。

分类。

锁骨骨折根据其位置和严重程度进行分类。

最常见的分类系统
是 Neer 分类，它将锁骨骨折分为三类：
I 型，锁骨内侧 1/3 骨折。

II 型，锁骨中 1/3 骨折。

III 型，锁骨外侧 1/3 骨折。

诊断。

锁骨骨折通常根据体格检查和影像学检查诊断。

体格检查可能
发现锁骨压痛、肿胀和畸形。

影像学检查，例如 X 射线或 CT 扫描，
可以确诊并提供有关骨折模式的信息。

治疗。

锁骨骨折的治疗取决于骨折的类型和严重程度。

I 型骨折，大多数 I 型骨折可以用吊带和固定保守治疗。

极少需要手术。

II 型骨折，II 型骨折可以保守治疗或手术治疗。

保守治疗包括用吊带或石膏固定。

手术治疗包括切开复位内固定 (ORIF) 和钢板和螺钉固定。

III 型骨折，III 型骨折通常用 ORIF 手术治疗。

康复。

治疗后，锁骨骨折的患者需要进行康复，以恢复肩部的活动范围和力量。

康复通常包括物理治疗和锻炼。

并发症。

锁骨骨折可能伴有多种并发症，包括：
不愈合，骨折无法愈合。

畸形愈合，骨折在畸形位置愈合。

神经血管损伤，损伤骨折区域的神经或血管。

感染。

预后。

锁骨骨折的预后通常良好。

大多数患者将在几个月内完全康复。

但是，一些患者可能在肩部持续疼痛或僵硬。

预防。

在参加运动或其他有跌倒风险的活动时佩戴防护装备可以预防
锁骨骨折。