英语文学导论

Emily the gazed in the house ß An eye for an eye ß A battle for visual power ß An object to be a subject ß Woman warrior
Emily‟s voice
ß
ß
ß
Role-play: If you were Emily, how would you tell your story? The silenced heroine女主角: voice vs.silence Theater 剧场of the absurd(荒诞剧):
twopulitzer普利策prizesnationalbookawardnobelprizeliterature1950精品精品精品精品精品plotreview精品sectionemilysfuneralbigeventherdistinguished受人尊敬的familytaxincident事件thevisitdeputation代表团精品sectionemilyshousecomplaints抱怨actionstakendoawayemilysfatherherdelayeddisposal推迟处理精品sectionemilyssicknessbeforedatinghomerbarronarsenic砒霜精品sectionwidespreadrumors传闻absolutereclusive孤独的lifeemily精品sectionmissemilyherhouseviolentlyinvadedhernecrophilia恋尸癖精品closereading精品missemilysfatherherappearance外貌andcharacterhertownhertownspeopleherhousevisual看得见的violence
Pan Jinlian
《潘金莲----一个女人的沉沦史》魏明伦
ß
剧中人：潘金莲、武松、武大郎、西 门庆、张大户、王婆、泼皮甲、泼皮 乙、泼皮丙 剧外人：吕莎莎、施耐庵、武则天、 安娜﹒卡列尼娜、女庭长、贾宝玉、 芝麻官、现代阿飞、红娘、上官婉儿
ß
ß
ß ß ß ß ß ß ß ß ß
女庭长：按照法律程序进行调解。 吕莎莎：夫妻毫无爱情基础，调解仍然无效呢？ 女庭长：根据《婚姻法》第25条，批准离婚。 吕莎莎：可是紫石街上没有人民法庭，潘金莲出路何在？ 女庭长：她只有三条路可走。 吕莎莎：一？ 女庭长：悬梁投江，快性自杀？ 吕莎莎：二？ 女庭长：终生痛苦，慢性自杀？ 吕莎莎：都不幸，第三条路呢？
ß
Gaze(凝视): a psychoanalytical心理分析
term / Jacques Lacan / anxious state that comes with the awareness that one can be viewed/the subject loses a degree of autonomy upon realizing that he or she is a visible object/mirror stage/ a child encountering a mirror realizes that he or she has an external appearance外貌/ gaze effect produced by any conceivable 可想 向的object such as a chair or a television screen, eyeball.
Plot review
Section 1 ß Emily's funeral as a big event ß the house and her distinguished 受人尊敬的 family ß tax incident事件&the visit by the deputation代表团
Section 5 ß death of Miss Emily with her house violently invaded ß discovery of the murder & her necrophilia(恋尸癖)
Close reading
ß ß ß ß ß ß
ß
ß
Miss Emily's father her appearance 外貌and character the women in her town the attitude of her townspeople her house visual 看得见的violence: Emily vs. townsfolk镇民 voice of Miss Emily the narrator
Miss Emily: a spectacle
Three kinds of gaze ß Her father‟s portrait: an eye of patriarchal 家长的power/the townspeople from the same perspective ß The female gaze ß The gaze of the readers: voice/take Emily with a pinch of salt有保留地
visual violence
ß ß ß
ß
“to see the inside of her house” 9 “a crayon portrait”10 “looked back/stared at/ looked him eye for eye/ looked away”14 “we sat back to watch developments/A neighbor saw the Negro man/ we would see her at a window”15
ß ß ß ß
ß
Shelter居所: privacy隐居/home long past/memory dignity not to be offended fortress堡垒 prison
Emily's father
ß ß
ß
ß ß ß
"a crayon portrait "蜡像(p.10) father clutching a horsewhip马鞭 (P.12) father vs. young men(p.12) the influence of the father(p.15) Emily's dead body& father's face absent & present: HE is always there.
ß
ß
ß
“Daily, monthly, yearly, we watched the Negro…/looking or not looking at us…/their quick, curious glances”16 “looking down at the profound and fleshless grin”17 “we saw a long strand股 of iron-gray 铁灰色的hair.”
A Rose For Emily
William Faulkner 威廉.福克斯
William Faulkner
ß
ß
His growth:Born in a wealthy family, Mississippi/ "the American Deep South"/rise and fall/"a Faulknerian world"/nostalgia(怀旧 )/impending doom即将发生的命运 His creation: family history/prototypes原型/ the town of Oxford(Jefferson)/His greatgrandfather, William Clark Falkner(Colonel Sartoris) /Mary Louise Neilson & Jack Barrona, Yankee street paver 铺路工(Emily &Homer)
Section 3 ß Emily's sickness before dating with Homer barron & passionate 热 烈的love ß the purchase of arsenic 砒霜
Section 4 ß widespread rumors传闻 in the town ß the absolute reclusive 孤独的life of Emily
ß
ß ß
ß
ß
The female spectators: visual pleasure Spiteful gossips (the townspeople) Observers, commentators, supervisors, interventionists Complicity合谋者 successors of Emily‟s father
Emily's appearance
ß ß
ß
“a fallen monument”(p.9)倒下的纪念碑 the deputation's visit(p.10) Emily in drugstore(p.14)
ß ß ß
Symbols for the townspeople Alienated 感到孤独的body Derogatory 贬义的terms: bias偏见 /stereotype陈规旧习
Male gaze: Laura Mulvey/” Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema ”/gender
ß
Female gaze: women look at themselves through the eyes of men/male gaze as a manifestation示威 of unequal power between gazer and gazed, or as an attempt to develop that inequality不平等 的/ a woman who welcomes an objectifying gaze may be simply conforming to norms 准则established to benefit men/to reduce a recipient to an object/Welcoming such objectification 客 观化may be viewed as akin相似的 to exhibitionism(裸露癖)
ß
power asymmetry in film/women objectified 使具体化in film because heterosexual异性恋的 men were in control of the camera/ voyeurism(窥淫癖) and scopophilia(窥视)/influential in feminist film theory and media studies/curves 曲 线of a woman's body / an erotic性欲的 object for characters within &the spectators without/ passive to the active gaze from the man/gazer vs. gazed
Emily's house
ß
ß
ß
Hale Waihona Puke ß ß"a big, squarish frame house"方木屋 /location位置 "an eyesore难看的东西 among eyesores" the attraction and focus of the town (p.11/16/) the captured house (p.16/17) What does her house symbolize?
Section 2 ß smell in Emily's house & complaints 抱怨 in the neighborhood & actions taken to do away ß death of Emily's father & her delayed disposal推迟处理
ß
ß
His concerns: southern aristocratic 贵族 families/American South/human situation/ spiritual deterioration心灵的恶 化/ loss of love/want of emotional response情绪反应 Prize winner：two Pulitzer普利策 Prizes, a National Book Award, and the Nobel Prize for Literature(1950)
The ladies in Jefferson
ß ß
ß ß ß
the curious women(p.9) "only a woman could have believed it"(p.9) ladies with mixed feelings(p.14/15) ladies as invaders(p.16/17) Do they really care about their sister?