新版新目标七年级下册单元最全知识点讲解unit9.10.11.12

Unit 9 What does he look like?
◆短语归纳
1. short hair 短发
2. long hair 长发
3. curly hair 卷发
4. straight hair 直发
5. (be) of medium height 中等个子
6. (be) of medium build 中等身材
7. go to the movies 去看电影8. a little 有点儿
9. look like 看起来像10. a big nose 大鼻子
11. a small mouth 小嘴巴12. a round face 圆脸
13. black hair 黑发14. big eyes 大眼睛
15. a long face 长脸16. the same way 同样的方式
17. in the end 最后18. blonde hair 金黄色的头发
◆用法集萃
一
l. 表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: I have lunch every day.
表示现在存在的一种状态. 如：我My sister is a teacher.
一般现在时态分为be 动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。

1）be动词包括am，is，are.中文为"是"，这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。

"am" 用于第一人称单数（I）; "is" 用于第三人称单数（he，she，it）; "are "用于第一人称复数（we），第
二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数（they）。

2）一般疑问句和否定句变法：
a）如果句子的动词是be 动词"am is are"
变为疑问句时,把be 动词"am，is，are" 放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词；变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在"am is are" 的后面, 其中可以简写为：is not-- isn't ；are not---- aren't；am not 没有简写形式。

b）如果句子的动词是实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词"do"或者"does"。

这里的"do"，"does" 本身没有什么意义，只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句. "do"和"does"的使用要随着人称的变化而变化：
1）当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词的s形式+宾语
否定句为：主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句为：Does+主语+动词原形+宾语
注：第三人称单数用了does 后面用动词原形.
2)当主语不是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+宾语;
否定句为：主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语;
疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+宾语
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.
二、一般现在时，第三人称单数作主语时，动词的变化规则。

1）一般在动词后加-s词尾。

如，come-comes live-lives
2）在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如，
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes do-does
3）以“辅音+y”结尾的词，先变y为I 再加es,如，
try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
三、look的用法
1)look like看起来象，其中like 是介词。

如，He looks like his father.
2)look at看。

如，Look at the blackboard.
3)look the same看起来很像。

如，Lucy and Lily look the same.
4)look for寻找.如，They are looking for the lost child.
5)look over（医生）检查The doctor is looking over the old woman.
6)look up抬头看；（在词典或参考书中）查找He’s looking up at the picture.
四. 词语辨析
1．stop doing sth停止做某事；
stop to do停下来去做某事
2．remember to do sth 记着要去做某事；
remember doing sth.记着（已经）做过某事;
3．复合形容词构词法
1)形容词+动词-ing,如，Our teacher is easy-going.
2)名词+过去分词，如，This is a man-made satellite.
3)数词+名词（单数），如，a ten-year-old boy
4)数词+名词（+ed）如，a three-legged table一张三条腿的桌子。

5)形容词+名词如，This is a full-time job.
6)形容词+名词（+ed）如，He’s a warm-hearted person.
4. wear意为“穿着，戴着”，表示穿，戴的状态。

put on意思为“穿上，戴上”，表示穿，戴的动作。

5．a little和a bit都可以用来修饰不可数名词，作定语。

a bit在修饰名词时必须在后面加上介词of，如，a bit of water一点水，而用a little则说成a little water
Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.
◆短语归纳
1. would like sth 想要某物
2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
3. order food 订食物
4. Special 1 特色菜1
5. in the beef noodles 在牛肉面里
6. be sure 确定
7. what kind of noodles 什么面条
8. a large bowl of noodles 一大碗面条
9. a medium bowl of noodles 一中碗
10. a small bowl of noodles 一小碗
11. take one’s order 点菜
12. what size 什么尺寸
13. beef noodles with carrots
14. green tea 绿茶
15. be different from 与…不同16. in different countries 在不同国家
17. birthday cake 生日蛋糕
18. make a wish 许愿
19. blow out the candles 吹灭蜡烛
20. come true 实现
21. get popular 受欢迎
22. cut up 切碎
23. a symbol of long life 长寿的象征
24. bring good luck to sb. 带给...幸运
25. have different kinds of 有不同种类
26. orange juice 橙汁
27. around the world 全世界
28. put on …穿上
◆用法集萃
1. would like“想要”，相当于want, 用法亦同want，但比want委婉。

1）want/would like sth. 想要某物
2）want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事
3）What would sb. like? 某人想要什么？
4）What would sb. like to do? 某人想要做什么？
5）would you like sth. 你想要某物吗？（委婉地询问对方的要求时的用语）肯定回答：Yes, please. 否定回答：No, thanks.
2. noodle “面条”，可数名词，复数noodles。

3.What kind of….would you like?你想要那种……？
1) What kind of .......? 你想要那种……？
2) kind
种类①a kind of．．．．一种．．．．．．
②many kinds of．．．．多种．．．．．all kinds of．．．．各种各样的．．．．．．
仁慈的，和蔼的，好意的，友爱的
kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分……(相当于a little)
4. special
1) n. 特色/价商品，可数名词。

2）adj. 特殊的，特别的，专门的Today is a special day. 今天是特别的日子。

5.What size…..“多大……”
①What size bowl of noodles would he like? 他想要多大碗的面条？
He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.他想要一个小/中/大碗面条。

②What size shoes do you wear? 你穿多大号的鞋？
I wear size 40. 我穿42码的鞋。

6. fish 鱼；鱼肉
1）指多少条“鱼”，为可数名词。

复数：fish或fishes，通常用复数fish.
2) 指多少种“鱼”，为可数名词。

复数：fishes
3）指“鱼肉”，为不可数名词。

There’re hundreds of fish in the pool. 在这水池里有几百条鱼。

There’re all kinds of fishes in the lake. 这个湖里有各种各样的鱼。

Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。

7. 英语中表示食物的一些词的特殊用法
1）beef, fish, chicken, pork, meat, mutton等表示肉类的食物，是不可数名词。

2）vegetable蔬菜，可数名词
3）fruit, salad, ice cream, food等指总称时是不可数名词，指种类时是可数。

4）cabbage, onion, fish, chicken指食物时是不可数名词，指植物和活着的“鱼”“鸡”时是可数名词。

◆话题写作
My Favorite Food
I’m a middle school student. I like to eat healthy food. I have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast. For lunch I would like rice, fish and vegetables. I like chicken, juice, rice and hamburgers for supper. Of all the food, my favorite food is chicken and apple juice.
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
◆短语归纳
1. go for a walk 去散步
2. milk a cow 挤牛奶
3. ride a horse 骑马
4. feed chickens 喂小鸡
5. talk with 与……谈话
6. take photos 拍照
7. quite a lot 相当多8. show… around 带领……参观
9. learn about 了解10. from… to…从……到……
11. grow strawberries 种植草莓12. pick strawberries 采草莓
13. in the countryside 在乡下14. go fishing 去钓鱼
15. at night 在夜晚16. a lot of 许多；大量
17. come out 出来18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游
19. along the way 沿线20. after that 之后
21. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物22. all in all 总的来说
23. take a / the train 乘火车24. be interested in 对……感兴趣
25. not… at all 根本不……
◆用法集萃
1、What else did you do?
else adv. “另外，其他”，疑问副词(what;who;where;when)之后；
adj. “其他的，别的”，疑问副词或不定代词(something;anything;nothing)后。

eg：Would you like anything else?
Where else shall we go?
2、Class 9 have a great time on the school trip.
(1) have a great = have a good /wonderful time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
(2) on…tr ip 在……旅行期间，on表示“进行，从事于……”。

【拓展】on的用法：
①在……上（接触表面）The book is on the desk.
②以……的方式He often goes to work on his bike.
③在……时间（指具体的某天或某天的早上中晚）
④关于（专著性的）……This book is on/about science.
3、Then they watched a dolphin show.
(1) n.表演；演出；展览 a picture/fashion show
(2) v. 给……看；领；带show sb sth = show sth to sb
4、At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class
monitor cleaned the bus after the trip.
at the end of 在……的结尾in the end = at last = finally 最后
5、sleep.
⑴ v. 睡觉，过去式为slept。

eg：He slept 8 hours.
⑵ n. 睡眠eg：fall into a deep sleep
【拓展】
sleeping adj. 睡着的；熟睡的eg：There ia a sleeping baby in the bed.
sleepy adj. 困倦的eg：I feel sleepy after a long walk.
6、Did you have fun camping?
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
eg：They had fun singing and dancing in the party last night.
7、Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale.
⑴put sth out 把某物拿出来
eg：It’s dangerous to put out your hand now.
⑵ some of / one of ……的一些/……中的一个
eg：Some of my friends like singing.
⑶ have a yard sale 进行了一场旧货出售
eg：on sale 大减价for sale 代售
8、However, no one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.
⑴however转折连词，通常都是单独一个词，后面加逗号隔开。

eg：He wants to come. However, he is ill.
⑵no one 意为“没有人”，做主语时，看做是第三人称单数。

eg：No one wants to solve this problem.
◆话题写作
I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, I did my homework, and then I played computer games. In the afternoon, I visited my grandmother. We talked for a long time.On Sunday morning, I cleaned my room and did some reading. Then I cooked for m parents. In the afternoon, I watched a football match on TV and listened to
music. I had a good time.
Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?
◆短语归纳
1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业
2. go to cinema 去看电影
3. go boating/camping 去划船/去野营
4. play badminton 打羽毛球
5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上
6. work as 以……身份而工作
7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快
8. kind of 有点儿9. stay up late 熬夜
10. run away 跑开
11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷
12. fly a kite 放风筝
13. high school 中学
14. put up 搭起，举起
15. in the countryside 在乡下
16. get a surprise 吃惊
17. make a fire 生火
18. each other 互相
19. so … that … 如此…以至于…
20. go to sleep 入睡
21. the next morning 第二天早上
22. look out of …向……外看
23. shout to 冲……呼喊 24. up and down 上上下下 25. wake …up 把……弄醒 26. a swimming pool 一个游泳池 27. last weekend 上周末 28. learn a second language
◆用法集萃
1.一般过去时态 1)用法: ①过去某个时间发生的动作 例：His mother made a cake yesterday. ②过去某个时间存在的状态 例：Jim was 12 years old.
③过去经常或反复发生的动作 例：He often went to swim when he was a child.
2）. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语常见的有：Yesterday, last night, in 1990, once,
two days ago, the day before yesterday , the other day 几天前
3
4）. 动词的过去式和过去分词 的规则变化
①一般在动词词尾加ed 例: want →wanted
②以e 结尾的动词，只加d
例: live →lived
③以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，改y 为i ，再加ed 例: study →studied ④以重读闭音节结尾，双写再加ed 例
: stop →stopped
5）．不规则动词过去式：
am/is--was, are--were, do--did, see--saw, say-said, give-gave,
get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, fly-flew, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank ride-rode, speak-spoke, sit-sat sweep-swept swim-swam,
2. –你上个周末做了什么？引导，动词还原) --在星期天上午，我打了网球。

在上午/下午/晚上：in the morning/afternoon/evening
在星期天上午/下午/晚上：on Sunday morning/afternoon/evening
在上个星期天上午：/ last Sunday morning (前不用冠词)
在上学的白天/晚上：on school days/nights
was Tina’s weekend?Tina的周末怎么样？
--它很棒：It was great.
–它还不错：It was not bad.
–它很糟糕：It was terrible.
该是回家的时候了：
5. He spent half an hour _________ (play) computer games last night.
句型：某人花费时间在某事上：人+spend+时间+on sth
句型：某人花费时间做某事：人+spend+时间+ (in) doing sth
6.
某人/某东西怎么样？What about sb/sth? 如：你怎么样？What about you?
7. 去爬山：go to the mountains climb the mountains 去购物：go shopping 去看电影：go to the movies see a movie = watch a movie
去散步：go for a walk take a walk 去图书馆：go to the library
9. 待在家里：
10. 为考试而学习：study for the test = study for exams
11. 举行派对：举行晚会：
12. 阅读：do some reading
13. 去海滩：go to the beach (beach变复数+es)
14. 练习英语：practice English
句型：练习做某事：practice doing sth
15. 过了一个繁忙的某末：have a busy weekend (此处的have翻译为“度过”)
16. 一本关于历史的书：a book about history
(此处的about翻译为“关于”，= on)
17. 带某人去某地：take sb to sp
18. 乘车去某地：go to sp by car (car前无其他单词，“乘”用by)
= go to sp in their car (car前有其他单词，“乘”用in)
19. (1) last 最后的；在最后一张照片里：in the last photo
(2) last 上一个；last week last month last year
20.【解析】
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
(4)take→took → taken v 花费. 主语是it
21. (1) for 对…来说；如：对大多数的孩子来说：for most kids
(2) for 为，给；如：为我烧晚饭：cook dinner for me
◆话题写作
My friend Li Hua came to visit me on May Day. During the following days I showed him around the city. We went to the Guangzhou Museum on the morning of May 2. We learned much about the history of Guangzhou. In the afternoon., we climbed the Baiyun Hills. It was really great fun! In the evening. I took Li Hua to the night zoo. It was interesting to see animals at night. The next day, we went to the bookshops to buy books. Though we were very tired, we enjoyed ourselves very much.。