2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第64期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B
卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had ( ) us accidentally on his way out of the town or if he'd been deliberately tasked.
问题1选项
A.crashed on
B.bumped into
C.fallen against
D.puzzled about
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

crash on“撞上”；bump into“无意中遇到”；fall against“绊倒在……”；puzzle about“苦思冥想”。

句意：我有些怀疑那个下士到底在出城的路上偶然碰上我们了还是被故意派来的。

因此B选项符合题意。

2.
单选题
The school shooting triggered a barrage of transparently irrelevant proposed solutions, tossed out without regard to their relevance to the events that supposedly ______ the proposals.
问题1选项
A.occasioned
B.concerned
C.illuminated
D.ensued
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

occasion“引起，惹起”；concern“涉及；使担心”；illuminate“阐明；照亮”；ensue“追求”。

句意：学校枪击事件引发了一连串明显不相干的解决方案，而这些方案与引发这些方案的事件毫无关联。

选项A符合题意。

3.
单选题
Hip replacement surgery is（）joint replacement surgery in the U. S.
问题1选项
A.the single most frequent
B.the most single frequent
C.the single frequent
D.a single frequent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词排序。

按照形容词最高级用法，the most 排在最前面，single表示种类，frequent 表示频率，处于常规形容词排序之外，因此B选项符合题意。

4.
单选题
Retirees looking to stretch their pensions might consider spending their golden years in Ecuador, Panama or Mexico, ______cost of living is low and the weather is warm, according to a new index.
问题1选项
A.which
B.when
C.where
D.whose
【答案】C
【解析】考查语法知识。

空格前是一个完整的句子，因此逗号后需要一个关系词修饰表示地点的先行词“Educator, Pnama or Mexico”，后面的非限定性定语从句中不缺主要成分，因此关系词在从句中充当状语，只有C选项where符合要求。

句意：一项新数据表明，希望延长养老金的退休人员可能会考虑在厄瓜多尔、巴拿马或墨西哥度过他们的黄金岁月，因为那里的生活成本较低，而且天气温暖。

5.
单选题
Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected（）the unconscious （）their psychology. No one can shield himself（）such an influence.
问题1选项
A.on... by... at
B.by... for... in
C.from... in... on
D.through... with... from
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。

infect sb. with sth. “用……感染……”是固定搭配；shield from“庇护使免遭……”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。

因此D选项符合题意。

6.
单选题
The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create（）_. 问题1选项
A.bore
B.bored
C.boredom
D.bordom
【答案】C
【解析】考查词语辨析。

A、B、C个选项属于同根词。

空格前是create动词，因此应填入名词。

bore“孔；令人讨厌的人”；bored“无聊的；烦扰”，没有名词用法；boredom“厌倦；令人厌烦的事物”；bordom 属于错词。

句意：电子技术的影响最初是给人带来焦虑。

现在它似乎在制造……。

因此C选项符合题意。

7.
单选题
All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are（）valleys and the smell of peat from every cottage.
问题1选项
A.wooden
B.wooded
C.wooding
D.woods
【答案】B
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

有题干得知，空格后为名词，因此应填入形容词。

wooden“木制的；呆板的”；wooded“树木繁茂额，森林多的”；wooding无形容词用法；woods“木材”，也无形容词用法。

修饰valley“山谷”的词应为wooded，因此B选项符合题意。

8.
单选题
The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to （）or to root out, apart from monarchy.
问题1选项
A.discard
B.discreet
C.discord
D.disgorge
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

空格后的or代表并列关系，因此选项应与root out动词词性相符合。

discard“抛弃，丢弃”；discreet“谨慎的”，没有动词用法；discord“不一致”；disgorge“吐出，被迫交出”。

句意：除了君主政体，美国革命没有中世纪的法律制度可以废除或……。

因此A选项符合题意。

9.
单选题
______ a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.
问题1选项
A.Obtaining not
B.Not obtaining
C.Not having obtained
D.Not obtained
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。

由后半句可知“他现在只能在家看电视”，即未买到比赛的票是既成事实，并且此事实对现在产生了影响，因此应该使用现在完成时态。

主语he与动词obtain之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词的现在完成时态。

因此C选项符合题意。

10.
单选题
I couldn't sleep because the tap in the bathroom was ______.
问题1选项
A.draining
B.dropping
C.spilling
D.dripping
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。

句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，使我无法入睡。

因此D选项符合题意。

11.
单选题
The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against the
notion that most people hold that as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic
legacy we are bom with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence
goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says Robert
Plom in. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”
Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetics to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability,
or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.
Plomin’s team calcu lated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in
intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent；by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get
older，they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs,
and says “ Kids with high G will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friends
who are like-min ded. ” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and
activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.
Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn’t
mean at all that there is nothing you can do about it，” says Susanne Jaeggi，“From our own work, the
ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training. ’’
Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children’s natural abilities. “My inclination would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators ne ed to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”
1.What is the common notion that people hold about genes?
2.The study by Plomin’s team aims to find out ()
3.From the experiment with twins, Plomin’s team draws a conclusion that() .
4.The word “pattern” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to() .
5.Which of the following might Plomin’s team least agree to?
问题1选项
A.Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people.
B.Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education.
C.Genes contribute more to one’s intelligence than environmental factors.
D.Environmental factors lessen the influence of genes on one’s intelligence.
问题2选项
A.whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differences
B.how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approaches
C.whether genetic contribution to one’s intelligence varies with age
D.the relationship between environment and genes
问题3选项
A.genetic contribution increases when one grows older
B.genetic influence decreases when age increases
C.environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twins
D.it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people
问题4选项
A.cognitive ability
B.strong heritability
C.genetic legacy
D.challenging pastimes
问题5选项
A.An identical curriculum to school children.
B.A differentiated course design to children with varied IQ.
C.More effort directed at children with medium or low G.
cation tailored to children’s natural abilities.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节题。

题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are bom with and may have implications for education”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmental influence环境影响”将逐渐大于“genetic legacy基因遗传”。

因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节题。

题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出______。

根据关键词“Plomin’s team”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。

因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节推理题。

题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_______。

第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomin’s team calculated that…”，第三句中“No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。

因此选项A符合题意。

4.词义推测题。

题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。

定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。

第三段中，Plomin认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。

可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。

因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节题。

题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。

因此选项A符合题意。

12.
单选题
Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only( ).
问题1选项
A.marginally
B.marvelously
C.martially
D.markedly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。

marginally“少量地”；marvelously“不可思议地”；martially“勇敢地”；markedly“显著地”。

句意：这些学校的学生在阅读测试中远远低于州平均水平，而且他们的成绩只得到了……提高。

空格前面有only修饰，因此可知是只提高了一点点。

一次你A选项符合题意。

13.
单选题
The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.
A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.
1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because （）.
2.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because ______.
3.According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on ______.
问题1选项
A.it is essential to personal freedom in American society
B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge
C.personal health choices help cure most illnesses
D.wrong decisions could lead to poor health
问题2选项
A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient
B.there are many factors influencing our decisions
C.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends
D.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life
问题3选项
A.personal decisions
B.society's laws
C.friends' opinions
D.statistical evidence
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B 第3题:D
【解析】1.细节推理题。

题干：个人健康选择的概念很重要，因为______。

文章第二句话提到“An estim ated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge”，可知个人健康的正确选择将避免约90%的疾病，如果不做合理选择就可能导致疾病。

因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。

题干：合理的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为______。

由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒数第二句，往下看到第二段第一句对此现象做了总结：A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors。

说明影响因素是方方面面的。

因此B选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。

题干：弗里斯和克拉波认为，健康的选择应该基于______。

根据文章最后两句可知弗里斯和克拉波认为“…personal health choices should reflect thos e behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity”，统计数据才能确定哪些是有利于健康的行为。

因此D选项符合题意。

14.
单选题
Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite（）in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.
问题1选项
cked
cking
C.for lack of
ck of
【答案】B
【解析】考查语法知识。

空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。

lack 与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。

因此B选项符合题意。

15.
单选题
Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for human being is a question that （）a wide solution.
问题1选项
A.admits of
B.requires of
C.needs of
D.seeks for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。

admit of“容许，有……的可能”；require of“需要，要求得到”；need of“需要”；seek for“寻找；探索”。

句意：意识的扩展对人类来说是否是一件“好事”，这一个问题……一个广泛的答案。

“需要或寻求广泛的答案”都不符合语义；所以选择admit of，表示“是一个可能有广泛答案的问题”。

因此A选项符合题意。