托福写作172句型

（论证positive方面常用）
1.Be supposed to – should 应该…
In fact, going on a diet is supposed to be more than just eating little. It should also be about eating healthily.
实际上，节食应该不只关乎吃得少，也应关乎吃得健康。

2.Hold fast to - 牢牢的把握住
In his biography, the massage of perseverance and holding fast to one’s dreams in the face of adversity is very strong.
他的传记非常强调坚持不懈与不放弃梦想的精神。

近义词：put a high value on/ treasure/ cherish/value/put emphasis on/ attach great importance to
3.Bear in mind - 牢记
Bear in mind that the next generation of cell phone is just around the corner.
请牢记，新一代手机已呼之欲出。

4.There is no better way to ... than to ...……　是做某事做好的方法
没有比运动更好的减肥方法了
5.Go a long way --- 大有帮助
Sincere praise, encouragement and appreciation go a long way- even just saying “thank you”　leaves a lasting impression.
真诚的表扬，鼓励与赞赏总是非常有效地，即使只是一句谢谢也给对方留下长久的印象。

6.It’s worthwhile to ... / be worth doing sth
- 值得做某事
Before you vote for a certain candidate in an election, it’s worthwhile to find his/her true worth.
在你为某位大选候选人投票前，值得去发现他的真正价值。

7.Give sb. the credit for ...把……　归功于某人
given the credit for defeating the disease of It’s generally recognized that Edward Jenner should be
smallpox.
人们普遍认为战胜天花这种疾病的功劳应归功于爱德华-詹纳。

8.Enable sb. to do sth. / equip sb.with the ability to do sth.让某人可以做……　Technically, the new bill enables the president to shut down the Internet when major threats to internet are identified.
严格意义上讲，新的议案让总统可以在确认出现主要网络威胁时，关闭因特网。

9.Draw on - 借鉴...利用…
As a friend and mentor, she drew on humor, a beautiful spirit and her faith in the Aboriginal culture to accomplish her work.
作为朋友和导师，她利用幽默感，良好的性格以及对原住民文化的信仰完成了工作。

10.Boost efficiency / productivity - 提高效率/生产率
Automation probably boosts productivity even though it may make job even stressful.
尽管自动化可能会使工作变得更紧张，但却显著提高了生产力。

11.Give sb. a competitive edge - 给某人竞争优势
Foreign language skills give people a competitive edge in this age of globalization.
在全球化时代背景下，外语技能是一项竞争优势。

12.... is a gateway/passport to ... ……　是通向某一目标的途径
performance on standardized tests has become a gateway to the opportunities that lie Students’　
before a student when they complete their studies.
当学生完成学业后，他们在标准测试中的表现已成为他们通向未来机遇的一种途径。

-开阔某人眼界,拓展视野
13.enlarge one’s outlook / broaden one’s horizons
Encouraging students to study a foreign language is a way to enlarge their outlook and raise their cultural awareness.
鼓励学生学一门外语是开阔他们眼界与提高他们文化意识的一种途径。

14.... is a good vehicle for ... 一种有效手段
Humor is generally considered a good vehicle for cross-cultural communication.
幽默感被普遍认为是跨文化交流中的一种有效手段。

15.Generate (…employment) opportunities创造（就业）机会
International trade can generate more employment opportunities for the domestic job market.
国际贸易能为国内劳动力市场创造更多的就业就会。

16.dedicate A to B/ spend A on B - 把 A (金钱、时间、精力等) 用到B这个目的上Multibillionaires like Bill Gates and Richard Branson have dedicated large amounts of money to humanitarian initiatives.
如比尔盖茨与理查德-布兰森这样的亿万富翁已向人道主义事业投入巨额资金。

17.assume / shoulder the responsibility for ... 承担起……的责任
Educator should assume the responsibility for ensuring that cultural, language and learning differences are addressed in teaching.
教育者因承担起确保教学中出现的文化、语言与学习差异得到处理的责任。

18.be mindful of / pay close attention to.. - 关注…
The big company should be more mindful of and sensitive to the environmental needs of the local communities.
大公司应该应更加关注与留意当地社区的环境需求。

19.... is a lifelong process -是持续一生的过程
Learning as become a lifelong process, not just because of the individual needs, but also because of the ever-increasing pressure.
学习已成为一种持续一生的过程，这不只出于个人需求，还缘于不断增长的竞争压力。

20.Put into practice - 把……投入实践
Putting new ideas into practice is far more difficult than having them.
将新理念付诸实践比想出他们要难得多。

- 发挥某人的潜力
21.Fulfill one’s potential
His management style derives from the belief that working under pressure helps employees fulfill
their potential.
他的管理风格源于在压力下工作能帮助员工发挥潜力这一观念。

近义词Stretch sb. / make sb. Stretch
There is no shame in not meeting all of our goals, as long as our goals make us stretch. For
example, if we want to run a marathon in under three hours, we’ll train differently than if we want to run it in four hours.
只要我们的目标让我们发挥了潜力，我们便无需因为未完成我们所有的目标而惭愧。

举个例
子来说，如果我们想在三个小时内跑完马拉松，那么我们的训练方法就和想在四个小时内跑
完的不一样。

stretch me, so I’m looking for something more demanding.
My present job doesn’t
我目前的工作无法让我发挥自己的潜力，所以我正在找一份更具挑战性的工作。

22.From within... - 来自内心深处
When you feel uncomfortable with your circumstance, listen to yourself, your own experiences ,
your own thoughts and your gifts from within, which are real and true.
当你对自己的现状感到不适时，倾听来自你内心深处自己的心声、经验、想法以及天赋，这
些都是最真实的。

23.Remove the barrier for消除障碍
Machine translation was intended to help remove the barrier for communication between people
who do not speak the same language.
机器翻译本来旨在帮助消除讲不同语言的人们之间的交流障碍。

24.Be in tune with与……一致（和谐）
is thoroughly in tune with the Asian
Some American scholars argue that John Dewey’s thought
philosophies.
一些美国学者认为约翰-杜威的思想与亚洲哲学完全一致。

25.Keep pace with ... - 与……同步发展
keep pace with inflation.
For the first time in five years, senior executives’ salaries didn’t
高级执行官的工资水平五六年来第一次未跟上通货膨胀的脚步。

26.Promote the development of ... - 促进……的发展
The extensive use of English as a global language has helped promote the development of a host
of international organizations.
英语作为一种全球语言被广泛使用促进了大量的国际组织的发展。

.
提高人们的某种意识
27.Raise people’s awareness of ...
The electronic media, therefore, have the obligation to help raise the public awareness of the crisis.
因此，电子媒体有义务帮助提升公众的危机意识。

28.... has found one’s niche-找到了属于某人自己的一片天地
Chris has found his niche as a high-school baseball coach.
克里斯在高中棒球教练这一职位上找到了属于自己的一片天地。

29.Be the cornerstone of ...是……的基石
The strong belief in individualism has been the cornerstone of America throughout his history.
对个人注意的坚定信仰一直以来是美国的基石。

Bedrock
Marriage and children are the bedrock of family life.
婚姻与孩子是家庭生活的基石。

30.Be an essential ingredient of ... 是……的必备条件
The development of new products is an essential ingredient of corporate success.
新产品开发是公司成功的必要条件。

近义paly a pivotal/crucial role in在……中起关键作用
Architects play a pivotal role in the improvement of the modern cityscape.
建筑师在提升现代城市景观方面扮演了关键的作用。

近义 A is an essential/integral/indispensable part of B. A是B不可缺少的一部分
Over the past decades, digital technology has emerged as an essential part of our everyday life at work and at home.
在过去几十年里，数字技术已成为我们日常工作于家庭生活中不可缺少的部分。

近义is part and parcel of ... 是……最核心的部分
This program was part and parcel of his election campaign.
这个活动是他竞选活动中最核心的部分。

31.Sharpen one’s intellect
提高某人用知识去分析问题的能力
Our friends are not all the same: One friend brings out our athletic side - we run or go to the gym together. Another sharpens our intellect with debate and discussion. Yet another is our favorite companion for going to the movies or out to dinner.
我们的朋友各不相同，有些激发我们的运动细胞，比如我们和他们一起跑步或去健身房。

另一些通过与我们辩论与讨论提升了我们的才智。

还有一些则是我们约去看电影或上馆子吃饭
的不二人选。

32.Achieve and maintain sth. 实现并保持某种状态
One of the keys to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is portion control.
达到并保持健康体重的关键之一是控制食量。

33.Be a positive alternative... 某事是有益的替代方式
Clearly, this is a positive alternative for motivated parents and their children.
显然，这是积极的家长与学生的有益的替代方式。

对比the mainstream of ...主流
Due to the ever-increasing concern over climate changes, environmental ideas have been absorbed into the mainstream of American politics. But what truly matters is action, not talk, as President Obama aptly remarked about the Copenhagen Accord.
由于人们对气候变化的担忧与日俱增，环保观念已被美国主流政治吸收，但关键是行动，不是言论，正如奥巴马总统对哥本哈根协议所做的恰当评论。

34.Participate in/take part in参与
Encouraging kids to participate in an organized sport like soccer, gymnastics, ice hockey, or figure skating, is another great way to get them involved in physical activity.
鼓励孩子参加如足球、体操、冰球或花样滑冰这样有组织的体育运动是让他们参与体育活动
的另一条极佳的途径。

35.Afford people the sense of belonging / the sense of fulfillment / the sense of achievement 给
人们归属感/成就感
The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction as colleagues help each other enjoy their working lives.
对团队和工作社区的归属感也有益于帮助员工实现工作满意感，因为同事间通过相互帮助来
享受工作生活。

36.... is a main driving force behind ...是……的主要推动力
Competition has been a main driving force behind productivity throughout he history of the market-oriented economy.
竞争力一直是市场经济下生产力的主要推动力。

37.Reverse the damage to ... 挽回对……的破坏
They’re constructing facilities to r everse the flood damage to the town.
他们正建造设施来挽回洪水给这座城镇带来的破坏。

38.is a perfect complement to ...是对……的极好补充
This system has the potential to develop into a perfect complement to antivirus software and firewalls.
这个系统有潜力成为杀毒软件与防火墙的极好补充。

39.Be in accordance with与……一致，符合。

类似的表达还有be in line with 和be in
keeping with
The authorities must ensure that things proceed in accordance with the law.
当局必须确保事情依法发展。

反义be incompatible with / be at odds with / clash with
40.Catch a glimpse of ... 很快地了解一下某种事物，走马观花
Visitors to the gallery caught a glimpse of the painters’ observations and fantasies.
参观画廊的游客对画家的观察和幻想做了走马观花般的一瞥。

41.Integrate / incorporate...into...将……　结合进……
This project brought together a group of teachers who created multimedia learning objects that incorporate innovative uses of technology into the curriculum, to enhance students’ learning and illustrate new ways of thinking.
这个项目汇聚多位教师，这些教师将技术的创新运用结合到课程中去，制作出多媒体学习对
象，旨在增强学生学习效果、阐明新的思想方式。

42.Give priority to sth.给什么优先权
give priority to the optimization (优化) of
The finite (≈limited) budget requires the government to
its financial resources.
有限的预算要求政府优先对财政资源进行优化。

43.Inject ... into ...把……注入，赋予……
Even though the word fairness is somewhat elusive, Americans have managed to inject many
meanings into it.
尽管平等的定义飘忽不定，美国人还是赋予这个词许多意义。

44.Explore every avenue toward...去探索完成……的各种途径
The American government will explore every avenue toward peace in this region.
美国政府将寻求各种途径以确保这一区域的和平。

45.Awaken the conscience of society唤起社会的良知和责任感
They worked in Women’s S helter to protect the battered and abused women, to awaken the conscience of society and to arouse compassion.
他们在“妇女避难所”工作，保护那些遭殴打、虐待的妇女，旨在唤起社会的良知。

46.Unravel the mystery / the detail of ...解释清楚本来很难理解的情况
Life science has not completely unraveled the mystery of genes yet.
生命科学还未彻底解开基因的秘密。

47.Far from being... 完全不是......
Far from being amateurs, these kids know the game rules inside out （对……了如指掌）.
这些孩子挺专业的，这些孩子对这项比赛的规则了如指掌。

The space trash problem is far from being solved. In fact, all efforts to bring down space trash
have failed glaringly and, ironically, have led to even more trash in the outer space.
太空垃圾问题远未解决，实际上，所有减少太空垃圾的努力都遭到惨重的失败，具有讽刺意
味的是，这些努力在太空产生了更多的垃圾。

48.Satisfy / accommodate the needs of ... 满足...的需求
are accommodated and the assessment
We should make sure that the needs of individual students’　
practices are aligned to (与...一致) the larning process.
我们应确保个体学生的需求得到满足，以及评估与学习过程的一致性。

49.Are obligated to ...有义务去做某事
In some American universities, graduate students are not obligated to have their supervisor for their thesis.
在一些美国的大学，研究室无须请指导教师作他们的论文导师。

50.Make it a point to ... （make sure/ ensure that）确保去做某事
Journalists make it a point to know very little about an extremely wide variety of topics. This is
how we stay objective.
记者应确保自己对各类新闻主题都有涉猎。

51.... a milestone / milepost in ...在...过程中是个标志性事件
a milestone in the entrepreneur’s life.
Moving out of his parents’ home was
从父母家搬出去住是这个企业家人生中的一个里程碑。

The bill is an important milestone in preserving American natural resources.
这个议案在保护美国自然资源方面具有标志性的意义。

52.... is the cradle of ... 是……的发源地
Boston, or more specifically, Faneuil Hall, is sometimes referred to as the Cradle of Liberty.
波士顿，更确切地说是该市的法尼尔厅，有时被称为自由的摇篮。

53.... Take sanctuary in ... 在……中找到避风港
If I want some peace and quiet, I take sanctuary in my study.
如果我想要一些平静，学习就是我的避风港。

Home is my sanctuary, the place where I can escape the world.
家是我的避风港，一个让我远离尘嚣的地方。

54.Gain/ gather/ lose momentum势头增强/减弱
A switch to renewable energy resources has been gaining momentum in many portions of the Western U.S. in response to the environmentalists’ concerns.
作为对环保人士担忧的回应，转向可再生能源的势头在美国西部一些区域的势头正不断增
强。

55.Rise to occasion 迎难而上
Being prepared gives one enough confidence to rise to the occasion and deliver what he/she knows best.
做好准备给人们足够的信心迎难而上，并展现出自己最好的一面。

56.Exude confidence / sympathy / an air of wealth and power（某人）浑身散发着某种品
FDR was approachable and exuded optimism and vision.
富兰克林和蔼可亲，全身上下还散发着一股积极乐观的品质。

57. A labor of love发自内心心甘情愿地去做的努力
He did all this as a labor of love. He didn’t need any recognition for it.
他做这一切是心甘情愿地，并不需要任何认可。

58.Get into the swing of things 去努力熟悉，适应身边的事物
take a
Don’t be too hard on yourself. Moving to a new country can be really stressful and it’ll
while for you to get into the swing of things.
别对自己太苛刻，搬到一个新的国家的确会带来压力，需要一段时间去适应。

倒退类（论证negative 方面常用）
1.Be at risk处在风险中
If a company cannot keep profits well above the break-even point, its future is at risk.
如果一家公司不能保持器利润远高于收支平衡点，那么其未来堪忧。

近义run the risk of ... 冒……的风险/ be in peril 意思接近，但语气更强，一般是很大的危险
be at stake处在危险中/ put... to the test让...经受考验
2.... Few of us have ever stopped to think about ...很少有人去考虑……
Probably few of us have ever stopped to think about how our present-day concept of time and
ways of measuring it came about.
可能很少有人去考虑我们今天对时间以及如何衡量时间的概念是如何逐渐形成的。

3.Be concerned about ...对……很关注，担忧
Canada is deeply concerned about losing its professionals to the United States. Taxes are a big
factor in this “brain drain”. But the average families living in the United States are not necessarily better off in terms of disposable income, than their Canadian counterparts.
加拿大对专业人才外流美国的现象十分关注。

税收是引起这一人才外流的一个主要因素。

但
是就可支配收入而言，美国中等收入家庭的生活水平并不一定高于加拿大的中等收入家庭。

4.Have a hard time doing sth. 很难实现或者完成某事
You’ll have a hard time falling asleep or wake up earlier than desired if you continue to think and
worry.
如果你继续担忧的话，你会出现失眠与早醒的问题。

5.Be at odds with sth. 与……不符/冲突
Their findings were at odds with the previous research results, which suggested that there might be
some problems with the methods used in the previous experiments.
他们的发现与之前的条查结果不符，这表明之前的实验方法可能存在一些问题。

近义clash with sth. / be incompatible with
6.Be threatened with...受到……的威胁
Large number of animals and plants are being threatened with extinction, mainly as a consequence
of human activities.
大量植物正受到灭绝的威胁，这主要是人类活动造成的结果。

Put a threat to
7.Abide by / comply with / conform to 遵守（法律、法规等）
We swear that we will take part in these Olympic Games in the true spirit of sportsmanship and
that we will respect and abide by the rules which govern them, for the glory of sport and the honor of our country.
我们宣誓，为体育之光荣及祖国之荣誉，我们在比赛过程中将尊重并服从真正体现体育精神
的奥运规则。

8.... very little, if any, ...只有很少，如果有的话
Some scientists believe that human activity has very little, if any, impact on the recent warming trend on Earth.
一些科学家认为如果人类活动队近来地球变暖的趋势有影响的话，影响也很小。

9.Be overly dependent/ reliant on...对某事过度依赖
Technology, originally intended to （be intended to do sth.被用来实现……的目的）liberate we humans, has successfully made us overly dependent on it.
技术原本旨在解放人类，却已成功的让我们对其产生了过度依赖。

10.Be hard-pressed to ... = find it difficult to ...
During the Christmas season, people are hard-pressed to find a nice restaurant with empty seats.
圣诞期间，人们发现很难在好的餐厅找到空位。

11.Be in short supply供应短缺
In some developing countries, school classes are very large, ranging from 50 to 100 students and classroom resources are in short supply.
在一些发展中国家，学校里的班级很大，规模从50-100人不等，且教室短缺。

表示短缺的名词lack /shortage/scarcity/dearth
12.Widen the gap between ... and ...加大两者间的差距
At present, the technology available to individuals is actually widening the gap between the rich and the poor rather than narrowing it.
目前，个人所能获得的技术实际上扩大了富人与穷人之间的差距，而非缩短。

近义narrow the gap between / bridge the gap between / close the gap between
13.In part because ... / partly because ...部分因为
In America, those who often move long distance are generally the kind of people who play the
major role in holding the community together, in part / partly because they are more confident and have better career opportunities.
在美国，远途迁居的人一般在促进社区凝聚力中扮演着主要角色，这部分是因为他们更自信
且拥有更好地职业发展机会。

14.Frown on ...对……皱眉头/不满/不悦
Many American citizens frowned on the astronomical budget deficit of their government.
许多美国公民对政府天文数字般的财政赤字表示不满。

15.If ..., ... will ensue如果……，某种结果跟随而来
Disasters will ensue if they remain unready like this.
如果他们还是像这样不做准备的话，灾难将接踵而来。

16....hover at high levels ……居高不下
The unemployment rate has been hovering at historically high levels this year.
今年的失业率在历史高位上居高不下。

17.Be inundated with sth. / be saturated with sth.充斥着……
The upcoming video games will be saturated with blood and nudity.
这款即将上市的视频游戏将充斥着血腥与裸露镜头。

18.Be subject to ... 经受、遭受……
Homeschooled children are less subject to the stress and pressure experienced by conventional students who spend six, seven , or eight hours a day with their peer.
与每天花六七个小时，甚至八个小时与同龄人在一起的传统学生相比，在家受教育的孩子经
受较少的压力。

19. A can be attributed / ascribed to B A可以归功于 B
Many cases of eating disorders can be attributed to anxiety or a sense of guilt.
许多饮食失调都是由于焦虑和内疚造成的。

近义 A is attributable to B. A的根源是 B
B is the root cause of A A的根源是 B
The population explosion has been the root cause of the persistent water scarcity.
人口数量爆发式增长是长期水源短缺的根源。

A stems from B. A的根源是 B
Their disagreement mainly stemmed from misunderstanding.
他们之间分歧的根源缘自误解。

20.Be susceptible to容易受到来自……的负面影响
Children tend to be more susceptible to advertising, especially when they view the advertising alone.
儿童更容易受到广告的影响，尤其在他们独自观看广告时。

21.Distract sb. From... 分散某人的注意力
There are educational video games that, instead of distracting students from their classes, actually make students more academically-motivated.
具有教育意义的视频游戏不会使学生从学习中分心，实际上，这样的游戏让学生对学习更加
投入。

22.At the expense/cost of ... 以……为代价
The economy should not be developed at the expense of reckless depletion of natural resources and degradation of the environment.
经济发展不应以不顾后果地开采自然资源与环境的恶化为代价。

Be sth. down the drain是白白扔掉的
You’ve already spent a lot of money fixing your car. Spending even more just be money down the drain.
你已经花了大把的钱修你的车，花更多钱的话，你的钱只会打水漂。

23.Run contrary to 与……背道而驰
Their arguments run contrary to the overwhelming evidence that technology enhances efficiency
in almost all fields.
他们的观点与技术提升几乎所有领域效率的观点背道而驰。

24.erode the cultural identity / national pride侵蚀文化特性/ 民族自豪感
Extinction of native languages has been eroding the cultural identity of Native Americans.
原住民语言的消失正侵蚀美国原住民的文化特性。

25.It’s wrong to equate ... with ...
把……等同于……是错误的
happiness with bigger house or a bigger bank account.
It’s wrong to equate
把幸福等同于更大的房子与更多的存款是错误的。

26.Be confronted with sth. 面对挑战、危机、困难等
Today, the American parents who are confronted with a plethora of violent and pornographic TV shows are actually divided about this issue.
时下，美国的家长对电视节目充斥着暴力与色情这个问题的看法不一。

27.Copy sth. mechanically 机械地抄袭
Today, some public-school young teachers have no alternative but to copy, very mechanically, the techniques used by their own teachers fifteen years ago.
当今，一些公立学校的年轻教师只是非常机械地复制他们自己的老师15年期所使用的教学技术，而没有使用任何替代技术。

某方案不是解决某问题的万能药
28.... is not a panacea for …
Charter school are not a panacea for the deficiency found in American public schools.
寄宿之学校并不是解决美国公立学校不足之处的万能药。

29.Be addicted to sth. / be preoccupied with sth.对负面事物上瘾
Many American teens are so addicted to social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter they and spend hours on them daily.
许多美国青少年对如Facebook, Twitter这样的社交网络上瘾。

他们每天都在上泡上数小时。

后面不一定跟负面事物
Be absorbed in .../ be engrossed in …
30.Drive up the crime rate 导致犯罪率上升
The unprecedentedly high unemployment rate is driving up the already alarming violent crime rate.
史无前例的高失业率催升了本已高企的暴力犯罪率。

31.Exert detrimental influence upon / have adverse effect on对……有负面影响
Long-distance flights are a classic trade-off. On the one hand, they make things a lot easier for international travelers and multinational companies. On the other hand, a great deal of detrimental influence has been exerted upon the environment by the jumbo jets.
长途航班是典型的双刃剑。

一方面，对于国际游客和跨国公司来说，它们使事情变得简单得多。

另一方面，巨型飞机对环境产生了大量负面影响。

32.Sth. is unwarranted / unjustifiable某种做法很不合理
Performance of experiments upon lab animals without effort to alleviate their pain is unwarranted. 在实验室动物身上做实验而不采取措施减轻他们的痛苦的做法很不合理。

33.Spin out of control 失去控制
The demand for economic growth is helping make the American consumerism spin out of control. 对经济增长的需求正为美国消费者保护主义的失去控制推波助澜。

Lose track of失去对某事的管理
lose track of time when they use the internet.
It’s easy for people to
人们网上冲浪时容易忘了时间。

34.Are not compatible with ... / are incompatible with ... 与……不一致或协调
We want to be safe, but we also want to be adventurous, even though the two don’t seem compatible with each other.
我们想要安全，但我们也想冒险，尽管这两样看起来并不一致。

35.Be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable to容易成为……的受害者
Some medical professionals assume that the elderly may be vulnerable to the side effects of H1N1 vaccination.
一些医学专业人士推测年长的人可能容易受到H1N1疫苗副作用的影响。

36.Sth. should be condemned rather than condoned 某事应该被谴责而不是被宽恕
The spokesman should be condemned rather than condoned for what were, essentially, racist remarks.
这位发言人应为其本质上的种族主义言论而受到谴责而不是被宽恕。

37.What’s the good of ...?……又如何呢？
easingly difficult to transport What’s the good ofhaving more advanced public transit if it’s incr
industrial and agricultural products.
如果运输工农业产品变得越发困难，那么拥有更先进的公共运输系统又有何用呢。

38.Live in poverty/ misery / frustration / anxiety生活在贫困/困苦/沮丧/焦虑中
Living in misery, these people have no chance to receive education, which might be the only way that can lift them out of poverty.
这些不幸的人没有机会接受教育，而教育可能是引领他们走出贫困的唯一途径。

减少某人的休闲时间
39.Diminish individuals’ leisure time
leisure time and causes The accelerating pace of urban life seriously diminishes individuals’　
psychological strain.
城市神火节奏变得越来越快，这大大减少了人们的休闲时间，并造成持续的心里压力。

40.Stifle creativity扼杀创造力
In the same year, some scholars began to argue that copyright laws might stifle creativity.
同一年，一些学者开始提出版权法可能扼杀创造力的观点。

41.Be afflicted by遭受……
Interestingly, not just many women, but many men as well, are afflicted by compulsive shopping. 有趣的是不只是女人，许多男人也受强迫购物欲望的困扰。

42.Be oblivious to 对……完全无视
Oblivious to our limits, we attempt things that we can’t really handle.
我们全然不顾自己的局限性，尝试我们不能应付的事情。

43.Cause grave concerns引起严重关注
The H1N1 epidemic has caused grave concerns and the elderly, pregnant women, children and health care workers have been encouraged to get vaccinated against the virus.
H1N1的流行引起了严重的关注，我们鼓励老年人、孕妇、儿童以及医护工作者去接种疫苗。

44.Spell disaster / trouble for ... 某事意味着灾难/麻烦
The new policy could spell disaster for many business in this country.
这项新政策可能会给这个国家的许多企业带来灾难。

45.Deprive someone of sth.剥夺
As human, we cannot function properly when we are deprived of sleep.
人类被剥夺睡眠时，其机体无法正常运作。

46.Take... for granted认为……是理所当然的
Many young Americans take the comforts of living in America for granted. They would become more grateful for that if they saw more of the world.
许多年轻的美国人认为自己在美国舒适地生活是理所应当的。

如果他们看到更多的世界，就会对此更加感激了。

47.Poorly-informed, uninformed or misinformed about...（公众）对某事了解很少，完全不了
解或者错误了解
Many Americans believe that they have been poorly informed, uninformed or misinformed about the war in Iraq.
许多美国人认为他们对伊拉克战争了解甚少，甚至全不了解，或者错误地了解了伊战。

48. A has rendered B + 形容词或者名词作宾语补足语A让B变成了某种状态
New technology keeps rendering old computers obsolete.
新技术使得电脑不断地推陈出新。

49.Lower one’s expecta
tions 降低某人的期望值
To keep from being disappointed, we sometimes lower our expectations or avoid taking challenges. There may be good reasons for this, but it can limit what we experience.
为了不让自己失望，我们以后时候降低期望或避免接受挑战。

我们可能会找到一个很好的理
由这么做，但这么做却局限了我们的经历。

50.Go from bad to worse越来越糟
Things went from bad to worse and in the end, Obama’s Treasury Secretary nominee apologized for tax mistakes.
事情变得越来越糟，最后奥巴马提名的财政部长为税收上的错误道了歉。

51.There is no guarantee that ...无法保证……
no guarantee that the UN climate conference in Copenhagen can produce any concrete There’s
results.
无法保证在哥本哈根举行的联合国气象会议能达成实质性成果。

52.（a certain problem）has reached such proportions that 问题已经到了……的程度
The H1N1 epidemic has reached such proportions that global control efforts must be made immediately. Otherwise, tourism, economy and public health may suffer irreparable harm.
H1N1流行的严重程度已到了必须立即在全球范围内控制蔓延的地步。

否则可能会对旅游、
经济和公共健康造成无法挽回的损失。

中间类（论证不好不坏/可好可坏方面常用）
1.On the basis of ...基于……
The child laborers felt insulted when employers hired them solely on the basis of their size and appearance.
当雇主只是以童工的个子与外表为标准雇佣他们时，他们感到被侮辱了。

2.Are likely to ... / are unlikely to
Men suffer from heart are more likely to disease, even though heart disease is still the number one
killer of women in America.
尽管心脏病仍是美国女性健康的第一杀手，男性心脏病患者更易发病。

important to know events happening around the world, even though sometimes they are
It’ｓ
unlikely to affect your daily life.
尽管世界上发生的事件不太可能影响你的日常生活，知道这些事件还是很重要的。

名词形式likelihood
There is little likelihood now that interest rates will come down further.
目前，利率进一步下行的可能性很小。

3.The + 形容词比较级……，the + 形容词比较级越……就越……
The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多，这个地方对水，运输与垃圾处理的需求也就越大。