Adjectives and Adverbs2
总结 形容词 副词 比较等级(1)
my picture
your picture
his picture
4.Who draws best of all, you、 he or I ?
He draws best ( of all ).
Xing Huina
Mary Sun Yingjie
run , quickly
write badly
bad – badly usual – usually careful – carefully . She plays the piano badly. . She gets up early. . The teacher speaks slowly and carefully.
GRAMMAR--- ADVERB.
tall
Tom
1.Tom is tall . Li Mei Yao Ming 2.Li Mei is taller than Tom. 3.Yao Ming is the tallest of the three.
练习4
hot
Room 1 32°c
Room 2 35°c
Room 3 42°c
1.Room 1 is hot . 2.Room 2 is hotter than Room 1. 3.Room 3 is the hottest of the three.
回忆并总结比较级和最高级的变化规则：
1.单音节和多数双音节词+er,+est ⑴ +er,+est
如：new—newer--newest
⑵ “e ” 结尾 +r,+st 如： late--later--latest
⑶辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+er, +est 如：busy—busier--busiest ⑷辅+元+辅、重读、闭音节结尾， 双写尾字母+er，+est hot– hotter—hottest (其它big, fat, thin, red, wet)
初中英语语法——形容词副词
A living language should be learned orally(口头上). (活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) We have a living hope that you will succeed. (我们强烈地希望你能成功) Is she still alive? (她还活着吗？) They are the happiest children alive. (他们是活着的最开心的孩子)
⒀ gone、lost与missing
gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返 的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或 宾补,不可以作定语； lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思, 可作定语、表语或宾补； missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调 某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。
My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough. (发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) The parents found the lost child at last. (家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away? (我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址). (如果想知道失踪女孩们的 详情,请访问我们的网站)
⑿ special与especial
表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可 互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可 以表示特别的目的。 She pays (e)special attention to clothes. (她非常注重着装) These are special chairs for small children. (这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)
Adjectives and Adverbs
concerned/interested
4. As both but different in meaning-2
current
• (3) The present situation concerns all the students present. who are here who are not here • (4) There are some students absent from class and some listening to my lecture in an absent way. showing no interest • (5) The best textbook known is the best known textbook.
3. Only as postmodifiers
• 3) when modifying indefinite pronouns beginning with no-, some-, any-, every-, eg. • Do you hear something interesting?
3. Only as postmodifiers
3. Only as postmodifiers
• • • • • 1) location and time words 2) Adjectives beginning with a3) When modifying indefinite pronouns 4) Adjectives in pairs 5) Adjective phrases
BACK
2. Material nouns
• 2. material nouns and adjectives mostly ending in –en, such as medical, atomic, wooden, leaden, golden, silken, etc. • The medical student wears a silken T-shirt.
adjectives and adverbs
课题：Adjectives and Adverbs课型：Revision知识目标：Usage of comparatives and superlatives能力目标：Be able to use adjectives and adverbs correctly.教学重点：Position and how to use them.教学难点：处理手段：1．用来修饰的内容及位置形容词用来修饰名词、代词副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词（句子）位置：1)They are useful. (系表)2)She is a nice girl. (定语)3)There’s something wrong with it. (不定代词，后置)4)He made John angry. (宾补)☆keep, make, find, …☆ly结尾的adj. elderly, friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, daily☆表地点的副词：here, there, everywhere, home, inside, outside2．其比较级，最高级的构成，副词最高级前无“the”1) + er, est warm, short, small,…2) 以“不发音的e”结尾，＋r, st nice, huge, close, wide3) 重读闭音节结尾，结尾只有一个辅音字母，双写big, thin, hot4) 辅音字母＋y 结尾，去y, + ier, iest healthy, happy, early, heavy, easy, busy5) adj. + ly → adv, more, most slowly, heavily, quickly6)多音节和部分双音节，more, most beautiful, expensive, often, modern☆deep, high, wide, adj. / adv. (ly) 真高，假高☆terrible → terribly, (im)possible→(im)possibly, probable→probablygentle→gently, horrible→horribly, comfortable→comfortably☆simple, gentle, narrow, clever, friendly, lovely, lively, + ier, iest☆不规则：good, well, many, much, bad, badly, ill, little, far3. 用法1) This apple is bigger than that one.Jack sings better than John.2) Mary is the tallest in our class.Tom runs fastest of us three.3) The bag is as big as that one.Joan jumps as high as Joe.4) This building is not as (so) tall as that one.Tom doesn’t do homework as (so) carefully as Sally.5) It is getting warmer and warmer.Tina does homework more and more carefully.6) the second longest river + 完成7) one of the greatest inventors +完成8)the+ 比较, the + 比较9) A is taller than B. → B is shorter than A.John runs faster than Jack. → Jack runs more slowly than John.This book is more interesting than that one.→That book is less interesting than this one.Mary plays the piano more wonderfully than Joan. →Joan plays the piano less wonderfully than Mary.10) L5 is the most difficult text in Book I.L5 is more difficult than any other lesson in Book I.11) Tim jumps highest in our class. →Tim jumps higher than any other student / anyone else in our class.No one else / Nobody else jumps higher than Tim in our class.12) Mary jumps higher than any boy in our class.13) John is the tallest in the class. (in 用于不同类)John is the tallest of the students. (of用于同类)14) Who is the taller of the two?15) 倍数a. This factory is twice bigger than that one.= b. This factory is three times as big as that one.= c. This factory is three times the size of that one.16) the + adj. 表一类人（三复）17) 用于修饰比较级：much, far, even, still, a little, a bit, many☆a little, a bit, still还可用于修饰原级修饰原级：very, so, too, quite, enough, rather, a bit, a little, still, kind of 修饰最高级：序数词形容词、副词专项练习中考真题：1. In order to keep healthy, you should eat _____ fast food, and ____ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise.a. fewer, fewerb. less, morec. fewer, mored. less, less2. All of us are proud of the great changes in Shanghai. We are sure Shanghai will be even _____ tomorrow.a. goodb. betterc. bestd. the best3. I like swimming very much, but now I ____ swim as ____ as I used to.a. don’t, oftenb. not, oftenc. don’t, oftenerd. not, oftener4. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so ________. (easy)5. Grandpa is sitting ______ in the sofa, enjoying the view through the big window of our new flat. (comfortable)6. Many people caught cold last month because of the _______ weather. (change)7. Anyone who finds ______ animals, please send them to SPCA kennels. (home)8. Watch ______, and you will find the different between the two pictures. (care)9. The new carpet is ______ clean. Shall we take off our shoes before entering? (spot)10. Comics are exciting to read. (保持原句意思)It is ______ _______ read comics.11. Nowadays science fiction isn’t as ____ as cartoons among teenagers.a. popularb. more popularc. less populard. the most popular12. We are glad to see that Shanghai is developing ___ these years than ever before.a. quicklyb. less quicklyc. more quicklyd. the most quickly13. The cheese cake tasted so ____ that the kids asked for more.a. deliciousb. wellc. badd. badly14. Taiwan is _____ island of China. I hope to visit it soon.a. bigb. biggerc. biggestd. the biggest16. Mr. Smith is quite busy today. He has _____ meetings to attend.a. littleb. a littlec. fewd. a few17. The lake looks ____ in the moonlight. I often take a walk around it.a. wonderfullyb. famousc. beautifuld. well18. The Russian President paid his first visit to Shaolin Temple last March. He had____ been there before.a. neverb. oftenc. usuallyd. always19. The children were ______ excited when they saw the two pandas, Tuantuan andYuanyuan. (real)20. To be lovely Shanghainese, we should be helpful and _____ to others. (friend)21. It is _____ to improve our English without enough practice. (possible)22. The situation in that country is _______. You’d better not go there. (danger)23. It is _____ of Peter to pay so much money for clothes. (fool)24. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes muche_________.强化练习：。
四级高频词汇剖析adjectivesandadverbs
四级高频词汇剖析adjectivesandadverbsAdjectives and Adverbs: A Comprehensive Analysis of Common Words in CET-4Introduction:In English, adjectives and adverbs play a crucial role in modifying and enhancing the meaning of nouns, verbs, and other adjectives or adverbs. By understanding and effectively using these words, language learners can significantly improve their writing and communication skills. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of common adjectives and adverbs frequently encountered in the CET-4 exams, along with their usage and examples.1. Adjectives:1.1 Comparative Adjectives:Comparative adjectives are used when comparing two things or people. They often end with "-er" or are preceded by the word "more." For example:- He is taller than me.- This book is more interesting than the previous one.1.2 Superlative Adjectives:Superlative adjectives are used when comparing three or more things or people. They often end with "-est" or are preceded by the word "most." For example:- She is the tallest girl in our class.- That was the most delicious cake I have ever tasted.1.3 Descriptive Adjectives:Descriptive adjectives describe or provide more information about a person, place, thing, or idea. They are commonly used in sentences to give a detailed description. For example:- The beautiful sunset painted the horizon with shades of orange and pink.- He is a talented musician who plays multiple instruments.2. Adverbs:2.1 Adverbs of Manner:Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed. They often end with "-ly" and are used to modify verbs. For example:- She sings beautifully.- He speaks fluently in three different languages.2.2 Adverbs of Time:Adverbs of time indicate when an action occurred. They are used to modify verbs and often answer the question "when." For example:- I will meet him tomorrow.- They usually go jogging in the morning.2.3 Adverbs of Frequency:Adverbs of frequency indicate how often an action occurs. They are used to modify verbs and often answer the question "how often." For example:- He always arrives late to meetings.- They rarely go on vacation.3. Usage Tips:3.1 Avoid Overusing Adverbs:While adverbs can enhance writing, it is important not to overuse them. Instead, strive for more precise and descriptive language. For example:- Instead of saying "very beautiful," say "stunning" or "gorgeous."- Instead of saying "very quickly," say "swiftly" or "rapidly."3.2 Parallel Structure:Maintaining parallel structure is important when using adjectives and adverbs in a sentence. For example:- Incorrect: She is intelligent, kind, and sings beautifully.- Correct: She is intelligent, kind, and sings beautifully.Conclusion:Adjectives and adverbs are essential components of English speech and writing. By understanding their usage and applying them effectively, language learners can enhance their communication skills and excel in the CET-4 exam. This comprehensive analysis provides a solid foundation for utilizing adjectives and adverbs correctly, opening up a world of possibilitiesfor effective expression. Practice incorporating them into your daily language use, and you will soon experience significant improvement.。
九年级英语闽教版知识点
九年级英语闽教版知识点在九年级英语学习的过程中，我们需要掌握一系列重要的知识点。
下面将介绍一些关键的知识点，以帮助同学们更好地准备英语考试。
1. 时态和语态 (Tenses and Voice)时态是英语语法中一个非常重要的概念。
它用于描述动作或事件发生的时间。
九年级英语学习中，我们需要熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时等基本时态的用法。
另外，还需要了解被动语态的构成和用法。
2. 名词和代词 (Nouns and Pronouns)名词是指人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
在英语中，名词有单数和复数形式，并且可能带有冠词或其他限定词。
代词用来替代名词，并可分为人称代词、指示代词、不定代词等等。
3. 形容词和副词 (Adjectives and Adverbs)形容词用于描述名词的特征或性质，副词则用于描述动词、形容词或其他副词的程度。
在九年级中，我们需要学会正确使用形容词和副词，并了解它们的比较级和最高级形式。
4. 动词的不定式和动名词 (Infinitives and Gerunds)动词的不定式常用作动词的宾语、补语、定语等。
动名词则以-ing 结尾，常作为名词的宾语、补语、主语等。
在九年级英语学习中，我们需要掌握这两种形式的用法。
5. 从句 (Clauses)从句是句子的一部分，可以在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的角色。
常见的从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。
理解和运用从句的正确语法是九年级英语学习的一个关键。
6. 介词和连词 (Prepositions and Conjunctions)介词用于引导名词或代词与其他词或短语的关系。
连词用于连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子之间的关系。
九年级英语学习中，我们需要熟悉和运用常见的介词和连词。
7. 定语从句 (Relative Clauses)定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，在从句中通常包含一个关系词，如关系代词 who、which、that 或关系副词 when、where、why。
Adjectives&Adverbs
Practice
• Is there _________________in the film?
电影里有什么有趣的内容吗?
• There is _________________ here.
这儿一点都不危险。
• Mr. Fat doesn’t have _______to buy a car. But he is
• the+序数词+最高级+in • The Yangtz River is the second longest one in China.
Confusing 'the'
• This is the most intersting book of all. • The book is most interesting.
Adjectives&Adverbs
Definition of Adjective
• • • • • Adjectives are describing words. articulate literate co-operative ignorant
Adjectives Modify Nouns
More and more
• The city is becoming more and more beautiful. • That femal singer is getting fatter and fatter. • As winter approaches, the days seem shorter and shorter.
Comparative sentences: than
• A+比较级+than+B • This question is less difficult than that one. • Since it has been repaired, the machine works more efficiently than it did before. • She works harder than any other students in her class.
review
有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，
prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class， town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后， 表示该名词的深层含义（某种行为）； go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其 他目的) 不用冠词的序数词： 序数词前有物主代词 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last （自始至终）
on in after
above,
over, on * below, under, beneath / underneath 不一定垂直、不接触：above - below 垂直、不一定接触：over - under 接触：on - beneath / underneath 3. 其他
名词与介词的搭配 Knock
先行词
格
主格 who which
所有格 whose
宾格 whom
人 事物
人＋物
that
whose which (of which) —— that
功能 含义
特指
单数
复数
作主语、宾 作定语 作主语、 语、定语 宾语 the other the other (boys) the others
泛指
another
在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；
The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如: have breakfast，play chess 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词； I can’t write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字. 当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间 无冠词； by bus，by train；
语言学期末复习题
胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题Chapter 1I. Choose the best answer. (20%)5.Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness6.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?—A nice day, isn’t it?— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. InterpersonalII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)18. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time is an exa mple of the diachronic study of language.19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III. Fill in the blanks. (10%)nguage, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.22.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentencesbased on limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the __________theory.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)1. Design feature2. DisplacementV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature?Chapter 2 Speech Sounds2.Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B. [m]C. [ b ]D. [p]10.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. ConsonantII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)14.[p] is a voiced bilabial stop.16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.20. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda ratherthan the onset.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)23.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __________ and the lips.24.One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth.A second element is the __________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.25.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without __________.28. __________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.29. __________ is the smallest linguistic unit.30. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the________ coming from the lungs.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Sound assimilation34. Distinctive featuresV. Answer the following questions. (20%)36.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?Chapter 3 LexiconI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational4. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. stems7.The word TB is formed in the way of __________.A. acronymyB. clippingC. initialismD. blending9.The stem of disagreements is __________.A. agreementB. agreeC. disagreeD. disagreementII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)13.Base refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.15.Conversion from noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.18.In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes.III.Fill in the blanks. (20%)25. A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to __________ class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs,adjectives and adverbs belongs to __________ class.30.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: __________ and __________.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Blending32.Allomorph33.Closed-class wordV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35.How many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they? （厦门大学，2003）Chapter 4 SyntaxI.Choose the best answer. (20%)1.The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical9.The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinateII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%).16.In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verbphrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)24.The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject isgrammatically called __________.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Syntax32.IC analysisV.Answer the following questions. (20%)36.Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis.Chapter 5 MeaningI.Choose the best answer. (20%)5. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis6.“Alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational antonymsC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above9.Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemiesC. hyponymsD. synonymsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)12.Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while thereference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.13.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.15.Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. 17.The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.__________ can be defined as the study of meaning.24.Words that are close in meaning are called __________.26.__________ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.27. __________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.30.According to the __________ theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Entailment32. Propositionponential analysis34.ReferenceV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35.What are the sense relations between the following groups of words?Dogs, cats, pets, parrots; trunk, branches, tree, roots36.What are the three kinds of antonymy?VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.For each group of words given below, state what semantic property or properties are shared by the (a) words and the (b) words, and what semantic property or properties distinguish between the classes of (a) words and (b) words.(1) a. bachelor, man, son, paperboy, pope, chiefb. bull, rooster, drake, ram(2) a. table, stone, pencil, cup, house, ship, carb. milk, alcohol, rice, soup(3) a. book, temple, mountain, road, tractorb. idea, love, charity, sincerity, bravery, fear （青岛海洋大学，1999）Chapter Six PsycholinguisticsChapter 7 Language, Culture and SocietyI.Choose the best answer. (20%)1._______ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different speech communities.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. General linguistics2.The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its __________.A. use of wordsB. use of structuresC. accentD. morphemesII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)14. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.15. A person’s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)34. SociolinguisticsSapir-Whorf HypothesisV. Answer the following questions. (20%)Summarize the features of the female languageChapter 8 Language in UseI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context2. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual3. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive6. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act9. __________ is advanced by Paul GriceA. Cooperative PrincipleB. Politeness PrincipleC. The General Principle of Universal GrammarD. Adjacency Principle10. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicaturesII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.12. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.16. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.17. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences18. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.19. Speech act theory started in the late 50’s of the 20th century.20. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21. The notion of __________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.22. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an __________.23. The meaning of a sentence is __________, and decontexualized.25. __________ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.30. There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of __________, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Conversational implicature32. Performative33. Locutionary act34. Q-principle (Horn)VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. What is the function of context in communication? Try to explain the following utterances rather than just state facts.(1) The room is messy.(2) It would be good if she had a green skirt on.。
词汇学第四章考试题
CHAPTER 41. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_______.A. borrowingB. word-formationC. conversionD. the number of the people speaking English2. _______ doesn't belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A. AffixationB. CompoundingC. ConversionD. Blending3. Conversion gives us _______ of the new vocabulary.A. 30%B. 28%C. 26%D. 28% to 30%4. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration5. The most productive word formation are _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. all the above6. Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation7. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______.A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening8. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixes9. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or _______ to stems.A. affixesB. suffixes and prefixesC. inflectional affixesD. derivational affixes10. The words formed by affixation are called _______.A. affixesB. derivationsC. derivativesD. derivationals11. According to the _______ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.A. functionsB. positionsC. waysD. none of the above12. Prefixes do not generally change the _______ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A. word-classB. meaningC. formD. structure13. Accordingly, prefixes are classified on a semantic basis into _______ groups.B. 8D. 1014. These are negative prefixes except _______.A. dis-B. in-C. non-D. under-15. "Ex-" in the word "ex-prisoner" is _______.A. free rootB. bound rootC. inflectional affixD. derivational affix16. All of the following are pejorative prefixes except _______.A. mal-B. arch¬C. pseudo-D. mis-17. The "de -" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefix18. The prefixes contained in the following words are called _______: pseudo, friend, malpractice, mistrust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes19. The prefixes in words anti-government, pro-student and contraflow are _______.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes20. The prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _______.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes21. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes22. A subcutaneous infection is _______ the skin.A. on the surface ofB. aboveC. underD. below23. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______.A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent24. _______ of the given prefixes indicates number.A. fore-B. anti-C. semi-D. pan-25. The primary function of suffixes is to _______.A. change the word-class of rootsB. change the meaning of stemsC. change the grammatical function of stemsD. change the structure of roots26. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix27. The prefixes in words bilingual, uniform and hemisphere are _______.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes28. _______ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size29. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes30. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes31. Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and orderA. Ex-.B. Fore-.C. Post-.D. Para-.32. Which of the following is a case of suffixationA. HemisphereB. AttemptC. NATOD. Respondent33. A multiplied insect has _______ feet.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. many34. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. Four35. Which of the following belongs to number prefixesA. Auto-.B. Mis-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.36. We usually group suffixes on a _______ basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.A. grammatical C. meaningfulB. structural D. practical37. -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _______ nouns.A. abstract C. concreteB. de-verbal D. de-adjective38. These are adjective suffixes except _______.A. -ishB. -iveC. -aiD. -ance39. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes40. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different41. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectivesA. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.42. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _______.A. -fulB. -wiseC. -lessD. -like43. _______ of the following is not a verb suffix.A. -ateB. -enC. -ed44. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes45. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes46. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______ aspects.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above47. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five48. " Washing machine" is a word formed by _______.A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending49. "Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above50. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundB. verb compound D. none of the above51. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation; conversionB. clipping; affixationC. conversion; backformationD. backformation; borrowing52. Which of the following is not through backformationA. To mass-produce.B. To lip-read.C. To nickname.D. To chain-smoke.53. Conversion is a method _______.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure54. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is _______.A. full conversionB. partial conversionC. functional shiftD. zero-derivation55. Words involved in conversion are primarily _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs56. Almost all monomorphemic _______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.A. verbsB. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions57. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. speech shiftD. grammatical shift58. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles59. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb _______.A. with some changesB. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation60. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above61. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function62. "Empty" in the sentence "The meeting was over and the meeting-room began to empty" is _______.A. adjectiveB. verbC. nounD. four63. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clippingA. Dorm.B. Motel.C. Gent.D. Zoo.64. _______ are words pronounced letter by letter.A. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Clips65. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO66. "BBC" is formed in the way of _______.A. acronymyB. clippingC. back-formationD. prefixation67. "TV" is a (n) _______.A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound68. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymy D- conversion69. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by _______ the supposed suffixes. ( )A. removingB. combiningC. shorteningD. considering70. Back-formation usually involves _______ types of words.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. two71. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely some of them have not gained public acceptance.A. formalB. adjectivesC. human nounsD. informal72. The word "sandwich" which now denotes a popular fast food originates from _______.A. FaradayB. John MontagueC. BloomersD. Thomas More73. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. trade-names74. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames75. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames76. Which of the following words is NOT from ChineseA. Tea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.77. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames78. _______ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear, me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations79. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening80. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo- scientific are ______ prefixes.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative81. The prefixes like un- and dis- can be regarded both as negative prefixes and as privative prefixes. The justification of their category lies in _______.A. meaningB. functionC. collocationD. word-class82. Some prefixes are categorized as _______ since their chief function is to change the base from one word class to another.A. conversion prefixesB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. inflectional prefixesD. prefixes of time and order83. The word employer is composed of " employ+er", of which -er is the so-called _______ suffix.A. verbB. deverbal nounC. denominalD. denominal noun84. As a suffix, _______ means "receiver of the action".A. -eerB. -essC. -erD. -ee85. The suffix -or in actor is a(n) _______ suffix and -ance in performance is a(n) _______noun suffix.A. concrete; concreteB. abstract; concreteC. abstract; abstractD. concrete; abstract86. The suffix -ful in mouthful is a suffix and in graceful is a _______ suffix.A. denominal adjective; denominal adjectiveB. denominal noun; denominal adjectiveC. denominal noun; denominal nounD. denominal adjective; denominal noun87. Of the three words, _______ refers to the physical or heroic qualities of a man, _______ is applied to nonhumans and _______ implies unwelcome masculine attributes usually in a woman.A. manly; manlike; mannishB. manly; mannish; manlikeC. mannish; manlike; manlyD. mannish; manly; manlike88. The pattern of deadline and blueprint is _______ in formation.A. n. + n.B. n. + v.C. adj. + n.D. adj. + v.89. The grammatical relationship between the elements in fist-fighting is _______.A. subject-}-verbB. verb+objectC. verb ~h adverbialD. subject+adverbial90. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs usually involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function91. Through _______, we get lip-read out of lip-reading.A. lexicalizatjonB. conversionC. rearrangementD. backformation92. The process in which nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does is called a _______ conversion.A. functionalB. fullC. partialD. miscellaneous93. The word motel comes from "motor-f-hotel". This is an example of _______ in terms of word formation.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym94. The words socio-linguistic and psycho-analysis are _______ according to the bases with which they are coined.A. compoundsB. blendsC. derivativesD. acronyms96. The case of exec derived from executive is an instance of _______ clipping.A. frontB. backC. front and backD. phrase97. AIDS, which is an instance of _______, is short for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome".A. pure acronymsB. hybrid acronymsC. syllabic acronymsD. initialisms98. The word medicare comes from "medical+care", so its structure is _______.A. head+wordB. word+tailC. head+headD. head+tail99. Almost all the back-formed words are _______.A. nounsB. verbsC. adjectivesD. adverbs100. Words produced through affixation constitute _______ of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%101. The most productive word formation is _______.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy102. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on . [ ]A. word-formationB. prefixationC. suffixationD. compounding103. _______ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.A. PrefixationB. DerivationC. SuffixationD. Compounding104. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _______ and _______.A. clipping, blendingB. compounding, conversionC. conversion, derivationD. prefixation, suffixation105. We shall classify prefixes on semantic basis intoA. sevenB. eightC. nineD. eleven106. The prefix "pseudo" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a reversative prefixC. a locative prefixD. a pejorative prefix107. The "de-" in "decompose" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a pejorative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. an orientation prefix108. The chief function of prefixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above109. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.A. a negative prefixB. a locative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a miscellaneous prefix110. The chief function of suffixation is to _______.A. change meanings of the stemB. change the word class of the stemC. change the lexical meaningD. all the above111. The word "courageous" is created by _______.A. noun suffixesB. adverb suffixesC. adjective suffixesD. verb suffixes112. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.A. sameB. identicalC. similarD. different113. For the word "political”, its negative form is " _______.A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical114. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above115. _______ is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.A. SuffixationB. CompositionC. ConversionD. Clipping116. " Law-abiding" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above117. "Sit-in" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above118. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.A. adjective compoundB. noun compoundC. verb compoundD. none of the above119. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.A. affixation/conversionB. clipping/affixationC. conversion/backformationD. back-formation/borrowing120. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _______ whereas in noun phrase _______ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.A. the first element/the second elementB. the second element/the first elementC. the first element/the first elementD. the second element/the second element121. Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A. threeB. twoC. fourD. five122. Words mainly involved in conversion are _______.A. nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD. adjectives, adverbs and verbs123. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called _______.A. full conversionB. partial-conversionC. semantic shiftD. zero-derivation124. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above125. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.A. partial conversionB. full conversionC. functional shiftD. grammatical shift126. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.A. plural formsB. single formsC. adjectivesD. definite articles127. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function128. Words produced by conversion are primarily _______.A. nounsB. adjectivesC. verbsD. all the above129. The most productive conversion is the conversion that takes place _______.A. between nouns and verbsB. between nouns and adjectivesC. between verbs and adjectivesD. none of the above130. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbs131. Back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by _______ the supposed suffixes.A. removingB. shorteningC. addingD. writing132. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion133. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on_______.A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above134. Word formation excludes _______.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration135. Which of the following is a case of suffixationA. Hemisphere.B. Disunite.C. NATO.D. Respondent.136. A tricycle has _______ wheels.A. twoB. fourC. sixD. three137. The prefixes in the words*, irresistible, non-classical and apolitical are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes138. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames139. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______ .A. activeB. passiveC. lazyD. diligent140. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC, prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes141. _______are words pronounced letter by letterA. InitialismsB. AcronymsC. BlendsD. Compounds142. What does the neo-mean in neo-NaziA. Old.B. Poor.C. New.D. Rich.143. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clippingA. Dorm.B. Slurb.C. Gent.D. Zoo.144. Which of the following belongs to number prefixesA. Fore-.B. Pro-.C. Hemi-.D. Pre-.145. There are _______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. fourC. threeD. five146. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames147. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes148. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes149. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO150. Of the following word-formation processes, is the _______ most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. affixation151. The prefixes in words neo-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes152. Which of the following words is NOT from ChineseA. Tea.B. Ketchup.C. Kungfu.D. Czar.153. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectivesA. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.154. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames1. Affixes and compounding processes may become _______ on one time.2. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______ .3. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new word.4. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called _______.5. _______ is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.6. The majority of prefixes are _______ by their non-class-changing nature.7. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.8. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______ and suffixes.9. Prefixes are those affixes that added to the head of words, which primarily change the _______ of the stem.10. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _______.11. The chief function of _______ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.12. Suffixation is the formation of new word by adding _______ to stems.13. In the word "post-war" , "post-" is a prefix of _______.14. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining _______.15. Compounds and derived words are _______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.16. The open _______ are the same in form as free phrases.17. The stress patterns of compounds are not _______.18. Compounds are different from free phrases in _______ unit.19. A compound tends to play a single _______ role in a sentence.20. An alternative for conversion is _______.21. _______ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.22. Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are _______ related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.23. Such words as "the richer”, "the poor”, "the most corrupt" are all examples of _______.24. The words "autocide" and "telex" are formed by _______.25. With the development of market economy psywar becomes more and more popular. "Psywar" means _______.26. _______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.27. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.28. _______ is the process of forcing new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special phrases and technical terms.29. _______ is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.30. A word is the _______ of form and meaning.31. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through _______.32. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _______, compounding and conversion.33. Shortening including clipping and _______ is also a way of forming new words in modern English.34. Affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and _______.35. Affixation is also known as _______.36. The prefixes bi-, multi- and tri- are all _______ prefixes.37. Compounds can be written solid, _______ and open.38. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and _______ as a single word.39. The words sit-in and handshake are both _______ compounds.40. Verb compounds are generally created either through _______or back-formation.41. Compounds are largely the results of _______ of phrases.42. If we need a word which is not found, we can easily make one through _______ or rearrangement of word-forming elements.43. Conversion is also known as _______ since it does not change the morphological structure of words but their function.44. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _______.45. Words formed through acronymy can be divided into _______ and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of the words.46. Such words as goody-goody, willy-nilly and fiddle-faddle are known as _______ in terms of word formation.47. The process is called _______ when proper names are changed into common words in use.48. Words like nylon, orlon and rayon come from _______, a type of proper names.。
adjectives and adverbs
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Hale Waihona Puke Interrogative Adverb
• Introduces a sentence that asks a question • where, when, why and how
EXAMPLES:
• Interrogative:
– When will you return? – How is the trunk being sent?
EXAMPLES:
• SIMPLE:
– She moved quietly. (Manner and tell how) – I waited there for an hour. (Place and tell where) – You may leave soon. (Time, tells when) – I called you once. (Number, tells how many) – He sat very still. (Degree, tells how much)
EXAMPLES:
• The ship was an English vessel. (what kind)
• This factory is mine. (which one) • Many people enjoy the annual dinner. (how many, which one)
Unit 6 Adjectives and adverbs形容词和副词
区别3
worthwhile表示“值得的，值得干的，值得花时 间/金钱/精力的”，可作定语、表语或宾补。如：
Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理是很值得干的职业。(定语) The visit to Paris is worthwhile. 去巴黎访问是值得的(表语) I think it worthwhile to read the book. 我认为看那本书是值得的。(宾补) 还可用于It is worthwhile doing /to do sth. 句型。 It is worthwhile reading /to read the book 有时可在worth与while之间插入one’s。如： It is worth our while to discuss the question. 这个问题值得 我们讨论。 Make it worth sb.’s while 酬谢某人。如： They promised to make it worth her while if she would take part. 他们许诺说她要是参加，就给她报酬。
1. 形容词的用法
主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示 人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补 语等。如： The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落 是一种美丽的景象。 I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现 和他相处很容易。
“the+形容词”的四种类型 4. the + 形容词——表示抽象概念
One must learn to take the bad with the good. 人必须学会好坏都能承受。 He wants to make the impossible possible. 他想把不可能的事成为可能。 这类结构常见的有： the true 真 the good 善 the beautiful 美 the right 是 the wrong 非 the false 伪 the impossible 不可能做到的事 the unknown 未知的事物
初中英语语法形容词与副词adjectives-and-adverbs
Circle the adverbs and write them in the table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The tortoise crawls slowly. The horse moves quickly across the farm. David rides the bike carefully. Shakira sings well. It is hard to understand Greek.
Answers
Adjectives 1. Big 2. Fast 3. Happy 4. Exciting
5. Delicious 6. Boring 7. Much 8. Good 9. Bad
What are verbs ?
• • • • • • • Verbs are action words I play football. I play football well. My mother reads the newspaper. My mother reads the newspaper loudly. The rabbit jumps. The rabbit jumps quickly.
What are adverbs ?
• Adverbs describe the verb • Molly draws beautifully. • Adverbs tell us more about the verb • You must cross the road safely.
Circle the adverbs and write them in the table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The tortoise crawls slowly. The horse moves quickly across the farm. David rides the bike carefully. Shakira sings well. This stone is hard.
Unit 11 Adjectives and adverbs
4) According to lexical meaning Gradable and non-gradable adjectives (等级 形容词和非等级形容词) Gradable adjectives: all dynamic and most adjectives are gradable. Such as: careful, witty, big…
2) As Predicative ⑴ Adjectives denoting health conditions, such as “well, ill” and adjectives with a- as prefix, such as alike, alone, alive... • He is ill. • He was asleep.
N. +ing participle: ocean-going, law-abiding N. + ed participle: hand-made, sun-tanned Adj. + N. + ed participle: kind –hearted, absent-minded.
2) According to syntactic functions Central adjectives (中心形容词): can used as both modifier in a noun phrase and complement.
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3) Active vs passive meaning -ing participial adjectives usually have active meanings, –ed forms passive meanings a charming girl a charmed girl The contrast also applies to adjectives ending in –ful, --ous, -- some, --able / ible. (P395-396) Contemptuous 轻蔑的 contemptible可鄙的 Delightful令人高兴的 delighted 感到高兴的 respectful 尊敬人的 respectable 值得尊敬的 Troublesome令人烦恼的 troubled感到忧虑的
英语 语法 描述 Describe 形容词和副词 简单 适合1-2年级 Adjectives and Adverbs English PDF 小学
DescribeAdjectives and Adverbs描述形容词和副词AdjectivesAdverbs形容词副词P e r s on A c t ion say something about something/ someone (noun)说某事/某物/某人（名词）say something about some action (verb)说一些动作（动词）She is beautiful.(noun)(adjective)她很漂亮。
She sings beautifully.(verb)(adverb)她唱得很美。
But can she sing?但她会唱歌吗？But is she beautiful?但她漂亮吗？say something about some action (verb)说一些动作（动词）Ac t i o n 动作I play ...(verb)动词(adverb)副词我玩得...。
say something about something/ someone (noun)说某事/某物/某人（名词）Pe r s o n 人I am ...(noun)名词(adjective)形容词我是...。
AdjectivesAdverbsquickly nice ly slow lybad ly careful ly quiet lyquick 快的nice 宜人的slow慢的bad 不好的careful 小心的quiet安静的brave 勇敢的brave lyclever 聪明的clever lyWhat about you?How are you like? / What are you?你怎么样？/你是什么？What can you do? How do you do it?你能做什么？你是怎么做到的？I am ...我是...I ... ...我 (动作) (做的怎么样) ...AdjectivesAdverbs形容词副词Exceptions 例外情况slow ly quick ly loud ly slopp i ly happ i ly + ly y i + lygreed i lycareful ly 有-able or -ible 的, 将-e 改为-y graceful ly cheerful ly horribl y将-ic 改为-icallyquiet lyregrettabl yterrif icallybarbar ically fastlateearlywellsay something about some action (verb)说一些动作（动词）A c t i on He eats ...(verb)(adverb)他吃得...。
9.Adjectives and Adverbs
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Usage of Adjectives
She is wearing a new red silk dress. I have something important to tell you. The film was very interesting. Who left the door open? I laid him down dead. At last he got home，tired and hungry. We should respect the old and take care of the young.
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去年他遭厄运。 He had ill luck last year. 他已病了两天了。 He has been ill for two days. 他是经由可靠的人送那封信的。 He sent the letter by a sure hand. 我不太知道他为何需要它。 I’m not sure why he wants it. 听到你爷爷逝世，我们甚为难过。 We’re sorry to hear of your grandfather’s death. 我替你难过。 I feel sorry for you.
湖里的鱼多得很。 我为人民做的工作太少，感到惭愧。 他不能说出其差异。
The lake is alive with fish. I feel ashamed that I have done so little for the people. He is unable to tell the difference.
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Part 2, Topic 4, Adjectives and Adverbs in the Com
03
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
and Adverbs
Comparative level composition rules
One-syllable adjectives and adverbs
Add -er to the end of the word. For example, "fast" becomes "faster."
• Adjective phrases: An adjective phrase is a group of words that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. It typically consists of an adjective and its modifiers, such as adverbs or prepositional phrases (e.g., "extremely tall," "a beautiful red rose").
• Analysis of real questions and exam taking skills
• Summary, Review, and Extension
01
Basic Concepts and Classification of
These adjectives indicate the quantity or number of nouns, such as "many," "few," or "several."
These adjectives point out or identify nouns, such as "this," "that," "these," or "those."
英语基础教程 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Robert is a careful driver. Kakšen voznik je Robert? Pazljiv.
! Za pridevnikom (careful) vedno stoji samostalnik (driver). !
Prislovi opisujejo glagole.
Robert drives carefully. Kako vozi Robert? Pazljivo.
! Prislov (carefully) vedno stoji za glagolom (drives). !
We add –ly: bad + ly => badly dangerous + ly => dangerously
Find a suitable word in English or Slovene!
Ležalnik= krema za sončenje= podeželje= orientiranje= kravata= plavutke= plezanje= abroad= foreign=
bananin olupek= tent= ropar= gloves= spalna vreča=
This exercise is simple. You _______ have to put one word in each space.
Insert the correct form of of “must / mustn’t or not have to” 1. We ________ (use) electronic devices when we travel by plane. 2. Before entering a foreign country, we _______ (show) our passports. 3. It’s going to be a long journey. She ______ (come) if she doesn’t want to. 4. Children under 8 years old ________(be) with their parents. 5. You_____ (finish) writing the reports today. Tomorrow will be OK. 6. After a long-time injury, David ____________ (train) a lot to be fit. 7. When you come home, please be quiet. You _______ (wake) the baby. 8. Since we have two cars, you __________(wait) for us. 9. This is their last chance to qualify, they _____ (score) two goals. 10. People _____ (waste) water due to lack of water in the near future.
中考Adjective and Adverbs语法复习课实例与说明
中考Adjective and Adverbs语法复习课实例与说明王淑莲【摘要】一、教学内容与分析本节课复习形容词和副词的变化及其三级比较。
从教材分析的角度来讲,它主要集中在外研起点版七年级（下）Module7和八年级（上）Modules8～10。
对于一节中考复习课,我觉得应该从我省中考的命题难易程度以及对考点的探究入手,分析我省近3年中考真题中对形容词和副词用法的考察,并对2012年中考命题加以预测。
面向全体学【期刊名称】《黑龙江教育（中学教学案例与研究）》【年(卷),期】2012(000)001【总页数】2页(P56-57)【关键词】中考命题;复习课;实例;语法;教学内容;教材分析;难易程度;面向全体【作者】王淑莲【作者单位】克东县千丰中学【正文语种】中文【中图分类】G633.6一、教学内容与分析本节课复习形容词和副词的变化及其三级比较。
从教材分析的角度来讲，它主要集中在外研起点版七年级（下）Module 7和八年级（上）Modules 8～10。
对于一节中考复习课，我觉得应该从我省中考的命题难易程度以及对考点的探究入手，分析我省近3年中考真题中对形容词和副词用法的考察，并对2012年中考命题加以预测。
面向全体学生，以知识系统归纳呈现为切入点，巩固学生的基础知识和基本技能，培养学生的语言运用能力。
二、教学目标1.语言知识目标：掌握和熟练使用形容词和副词及其原级、比较级和最高级。
创设情境，让学生成为课堂的主人，掌握应试技巧。
2.语言技能目标：培养学生运用所学的有关形容词和副词的知识，解决中考中出现相关问题的能力。
3.情感态度：通过学习和练习，传递英语学习的重要性，激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，建立学习英语的成就感和自信心。
三、教学重、难点重点：掌握形容词和副词的变化及其三级比较。
难点：The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs.四、教学方法归纳法、列举法、比较法、分析法、练习法五、教学手段多媒体辅助教学六、评价方法英语形成性评价七、教学步骤Step I Leading-inT:Good morning,boys and girls!S s:Good morning,Miss Wang!T:It’s a fine day,isn’t it?S s:Yes,it is.T:I get up earlier than usual.I’mhappier than I was yesterday because my mother is coming to see me.But I must finish my work carefully and then I’ll have a big dinner with my mother.Doyou understand me?S s:Yes.T:Thank you.Let’s revise A djectives and Adverbs today.（设计说明：教师设置情境问题，吸引学生的兴趣，复习旧知识并导入今天所要复习的内容，自然过渡到本节课的主题。