大英习题(含解释)

综合B3Test1 答案 (共60 minutes )
Part I Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
I’m not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we don’t need as much either. I 1 enough income to handle our $600-a-month mortgage payments plus the usual expenses for a family like ours. That includes everything from music lessons and dental bills to car repairs and college costs. When it comes to insurance, we have a poor man’s major-medical policy. We have to pay the first $500 of any medical fees for each member of the family. It 2 80% of the costs beyond that. Although we are stuck with paying minor expenses, our premium is low — only $560 a year — and we are 3 against catastrophe. 4 that and the policy on our two cars at $400 a year, we have no other insurance. But we are setting aside $2,000 a year in an IRA.
We’ve been able to make up the difference in income by 5 without appreciably lowering our standard of living. We continue to dine out once or twice a month, but now we patronize local restaurants 6 more expensive places in the city. We still attend the opera and ballet in Milwaukee but only a few times a year. We eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies. 7 Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments …
I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a 8 for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don’t entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are 9 in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.
The other requirement is energy — a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the 10 to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw. 1-5 DAKLI 6-10 FGMEB
Section B
Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Genetically modified foods (or GM foods转基因食品) are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Animal products have also been developed, although as of July 2010 none are currently on the market.
Critics have objected to GM foods on several grounds, including safety issues, ecological concerns, and economic concerns. However, genetically-modified foods are here to stay. That’s not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear, but simply that food-buying patterns will polarize11 (两极分化): there will be a right market for conventional food just as there is for organic food. It may even be that GM food will become the food of preference because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use12.
The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase13 in food production by the year 2050 to
keep pace with the world’s predicted population growth to ten or eleven billion. It’s not just a question of more mouths to feed either. What is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space, reducing the overall land available for agriculture.
"Genetic modification is analogous to nuclear power: nobody loves it, but climate change has made its adoption imperative," says economist Paul Collier of Oxford University. "Declining genetic modification makes a complicated issue more complex. Genetic modification offers both faster crop adaptation and a biological, rather than chemical, approach to yield increases."
The world has 800 million hungry people. Until now, food supplies have been increased by improved varieties, pesticides and artificial fertilizers: the green revolution. Now we’re on the edge of a new revolution: a genetic one.
It may well be that in the long ter m it is the developing world that benefits most from GM foods. It’s true that for the next ten years or so GM crops may be too expensive. But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here — once the technology has been developed for profitable crops, it will spread and become affordable for all14 . This doesn’t mean, unfortunately, that famines will disappear, but severity and duration will be helped by an improved ability to produce and distribute food.
11. The introduction of GM food will affect _____.
A) food-pricing standard
B) food-buying patterns 结果推断题
C) food-supplies scale
D) food-production efficiency
12. Consumers prefer GM food to conventional food because _____.
A) GM food receives less pesticide application 原因推断题
B) GM food is more nutritious than organic food
C) GM food is cheaper than conventional food
D) Conventional food is free from chemicals
13. If the world population grows to ten or eleven billion by the year 2050, _____.
A) a genetic revolution will take over the green revolution
B) the overall land available for agriculture will run out
C) the number of hungry people will rise to 800 million
D) food production should be increased to three times that of today 词义（数字）推断题
14. "But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here" (in the last paragraph) probably means that ______.
A) once the technological innovation is in progress, its cost will be reduced
B) once the technology has been turned into productivity, it will become popular
C) once the technology has been developed for profitable products, it will enter into our daily life 句子释义推断题
D) once the technology has been improved to meet the demands of the developing world, it will be affordable
15. We can infer from the passage that GM food will _____
A) be too expensive to afford
B) keep the world from starvation
C) be well-accepted by some consumers 主旨推断题
D) eventually replace conventional food
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
The radical transformation of the Soviet society had a profound impact on women’s lives. Soviet women under Stalin were also the first generation of women able to give birth in the safety of a hospital, with access to prenatal care
(产检). Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle-class husbands exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immediately proclaimed complete equality of rights for women. In the 1920s divorce and abortion were made easily available, and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting changes for women involved work and education.
These changes were truly revolutionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the countryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farms. With the advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men through education were also open to women. Determined women pursued their studies and entered the ranks of the better-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a woman’s profession. By 1950, 75 per cent of doctors in the Soviet Union were women.
Thus Stalinist society gave women great opportunities but demanded great sacrifices as well. The vast majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so low that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husband’s earnings. Moreover, the full-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the woman’s respo nsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, creating further physical, emotional, and mental strains for women. In any event, the often-neglected human resource of women was mobilized in Stalinist society.
16. The main idea of this passage is that women in Stalinist society ________.
A) had economic opportunities that had never been available before
B) had difficulty balancing their work and family responsibilities
C) had new opportunities but also many hardships
D) moved quickly into the highest levels of government
17. In the last paragraph, monopolize probably means _____.
A) hold
B) earn
C) leave
D) pay
18. The author’s main purpose in writing this passa ge is to ________.
A) compare different systems of government
B) tell stories about women in Soviet Union
C) amuse the reader
D) provide information
19. The author’s tone in this passage can best be described as ________.
A) disapproving
B) emotional
C) objective
D) sympathetic
20. We can conclude that the economic and social status of women in Stalinist society ________.
A) had been improved
B) was worse than before
C) had not changed much
D) was better than that in capitalistic countries
详细解释：
16. 主旨题。

文章第一段作者提出话题，苏联的根本性社会变革对女性的生活产生了深刻的影响。

第二段作者描述了这些变化：女性获得了参与各种工作和受教育的同等机会，甚至进入了一些专业领域。

第三段作者指出，女性在获得机会的同时电不得不付出巨大的代价。

因此，纵观全文，作者既写到了变革带给女性的机会，也提到了她们面对的困难。

故正确答案为C项。

17. 词义推断题。

第三段作者陈述了变革后女性面对的各种困境。

女性参与工作导致工资水平下降。

这又反过来迫使她们不得不出去工作，补充丈夫的收入来养家，但女性还得同时兼顾家庭。

除此之外，在工作方面，男性继续垄断了好的工作机会。

因此，这里和“monopolize”意思最为接近的是“hold”，故答案为A项。

18. 写作目的题。

结合第一题主旨题可以看出作者写作此文不是为了娱乐读者(选项C)，也不是在讲故事(选项B)，更没有比较不同的政府体制(选项A)，作者只陈述了苏联社会变革对女性的生活产生了深刻的影响，是属于提供信息，故答案为D项。

19. 文章基调(作者态度)题。

作者既陈述了变革给女性带来的机会，也写到她们由此不得不做出的牺牲。

因此，作者客观地提供信息，文章基调是客观的。

故正确答案为C项。

20. 结果推断题。

文章第二段指出变革赋予女性和男性平等的权利。

她们可以从事同样的工作，接受相同的教育，通过努力同样进人专业领域。

尽管第三段提到她们由此也不得不付出很大的代价，但我们可以推断，和过去相比，女性的经济和社会地位还是有所提高的。

故正确答案为A项。

Part II V ocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )
Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
21. Steam turbines (涡轮机) are used for the _____ of electricity.
A) construction B) manufacturing C) change D) generation
generation 一代人；代（约30年）
22. John says that his present job doesn’t provide him with enough _____ for his organizing ability.
A) scope B) opening C) capacity D) range
scope和range的区别
scope指人们所处理、研究的事物的―范围‖以及所掌握、控制的―面积‖。

scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即―眼界，见识‖。

eg：Is Romanticism in the scope of your book? 你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗?
range代表的是一个可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包括一系列可变化的数量。

range还特指视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程。

eg：The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鸟飞入了我的视野。

23. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think is best to _____.
A) engage in B) devote to C) seek D) pursue
如何区分pursue, seek, trace, chace
pursue指坚持不懈、毫不动摇地紧跟、追赶某人、某物或某个事业。

I pursued the robbers.我追赶盗贼.
seek 语义庄重，语气强，使用广。

多暗示做出很大努力去寻求某人或物，抽象解释为探索；I am seeking my key now.我正在找我的钥匙.
trace作为动词的时候意为追踪，强调踪迹，并没有逮捕之类的意思；I traced my father this afternoon.今天下午我跟踪了我老爸.
chace现在常用的是chase,作为动词的时候意思是追逐。

If you make me anger,I'll chase you from my house.如果你让我圣骑，我就把你赶出去！
24. One foolish mistake can _____ you in a good deal of trouble. 一个愚蠢的错误会给你招惹来大量的麻烦。

A) release 释放；放开；发布；发行B) involve C) evolve D) empower 授权
revolve, evolve, involve
revolve v. 旋转，转动。

The room began to revolve , then he fainted. 屋子开始旋转，然后他就昏倒了。

evolve v. 发展，演变。

Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years. 几千年来，农业发展得很缓慢。

involve v. 需要，包含；使卷入，牵涉。

Getting a driver's license involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.
要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车，学习交通规则，还要经过考试。

25. The doctor suggested __________ my diet with vitamins E and A.
A) supplement B) supplementing C) add D) adding
Suggest用法小结
1．Suggest表示建议，用法如下：
1)Suggest+ 名词/代词或suggest+名词/代词to+人，但不能说suggest sb sth ,即不能加双宾做宾语
eg: We suggest him the plan (Χ), 但We suggest the plan to him(√)
2）suggest+doing sth eg He suggested going out for a walk.
3) 注意：suggest 不可以加不定式，所以上面的句子不可以这样写：He suggested to go out for a walk.(Χ)
4) suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略
eg: He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.
=He suggested you go there tomorrow.
注意，不可以这样说：He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构。

5）it is suggested that +主语+(should )do sth
eg: It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.
6)suggestion做主语时，其后的表语从句也用这个结构即：
The suggestion is that +主语+should +do sth
eg: His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.
2. suggest 表示暗示或表明之意，注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气
eg: Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy. 她哈欠连天表明她困了
26. ____________, this essay is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes. Which one of the following choices is NOT appropriate to fill in the blank?
A) On balance B) Generally C) Generally speaking D) In balance
27. Up the chimney roared the fire, and ______ the room with its broad blaze.
A) brightened B) lingered C) furnished D) fused 熔化；融合
28. Now the cheers and applause _____ in a single sustained roar.单一的持续的咆哮
A) mingled混进，与……交往B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated 弥漫；遍布；渗入；渗透
注释：
做这种题目的时候首先应该注意题目当中有没有和动词搭配的介词，如果有则可以直接先排除掉答案中不能和该介词相搭配的动词。

如在本题 B 选项中的concentrated 后应该跟介词on ，而不是in ，所以排除；
assemble 则表示人的集合、聚集。

permeate 意思为渗透、弥漫，有一样东西进入另外一样东西的意思，所以答案就应该选择A ) mingled , 它用来表示混合的意思，可以和抽象名词搭配。

29. They also are looking closely at what may be two key pieces of Columbia (哥伦比亚号航天飞机) _____ —a 2-foot piece of one wing and a 300-pound cover of a landing gear compartment.
A) debris 碎片，残骸；残渣B) garbage C) palette 调色板，颜料D) canvas 帆布；油画（布）
30. "I am afraid it will not _____ my dress," she answered, "and, besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent me some real jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers."
A) settle into B) stand out C) expose to D) go with 相伴；跟…相配；跟…谈恋爱；赶时髦
31. Unable to go out because of the deep snow, she felt _____ in her own house.
A) isolated B) isolating C) imprisoned关押，监禁；束缚，禁锢；使…不自由D) imprisoning
32. Nobody encourages a man to dissect his appearance, feature by feature. _____ perfection, that is considered trivial — almost unmanly.
A) As for B) As of C) As from D) As by
33. "Now that you have a job and I don't," the husband said to his wife, "our situations are _____."
A) remarkable B) diverged 偏离；分歧；分道扬镳C) transferred D) reversed反转
34. The street sellers repeatedly _____ their selling cries about their goods.
A) advocated B) pursued C) barked D) confirmed
35. "We are convinced that efforts for a peaceful resolution of the situation regarding Iraq should be _____ continued," Putin told journalists after talks with Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder in Berlin.
A) genetically 遗传地；基因地B) normally C) persistently D) significantly
36. With a tremulous whisper, he broke off in the middle of a sentence, his hands flapping at his side in a _____ shrug.耸肩
A) psychic 精神的；超自然的B) helpless C) capable D) tranquil安静的；平静的；宁静的（U3TA）
37. During the citywide drive, doctors will provide free consultation and blood pressure examinations in local communities. ______, medical staff at district hospitals will receive special training to improve their professional skills in treating hypertension patients.
A) As a result B) On balance C) For instance D) In addition
38. We can _______ with four computers at the moment, but we'll need a couple more when the new staff arrive.
A) go for B) go off C) get through D) get by
39. Teachers are on strike in protest at the pay settlement _______ by the government this year.
A) added B) stressed C) forced D) imposed
40. Tim is good, smart and hardworking. __________, I can't speak too highly of him.
A) As a result B) In a word C) By the way D) On the contrary
41.I bought some new locks as an _____ against burglary.
A. insurance
B. assurance
C. encouragement
D. improvement
42.Nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced – even a proverb is no proverb to you till your life has _____ it.
A. corrected
B. changed
C. illustrated(用图,实例等)说明,阐明
D. created
43.College students are advised to _____ a wide range of subjects.
A. carry
B. pursue to seek, go / aspire after
C. spray
D. supplement
44.He makes a big _____ from selling waste material to textile companies.
A. payment
B. profit make a profit
C. income
D. fees
45.Patience is definitely a _____ for a career in teaching.
A. requirement需要，要求，必要的条件
B. demand
C. need
D. request
46.Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretakers began ______ the chairs.
A. strapping
B. packing
C. stacking放成一堆
D. retiling
47.Apple trees must be ______, or many of the apples will be eaten by worms.
A. sprayed喷洒,喷涂
B. sprung
C. generated
D. cultivated
48.Internet has _____ the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.
A. invested
B. replaced 取代，替换
C. subtitled
D. supplemented增补,补充
49.In my view students should resist the _____to take part-time jobs in their first two years at college.
A. temper
B. temperance节制,节欲，戒酒
C. temptation
D. temperature
fayette Hotel is _____ by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.
A. petrified
B. patronized
C. parabolized
D. proposed
51.I live in my _____ as I live inside my skin. I know more beautiful and more attractive skins, but it would seem to me
unnatural to exchange them for mine. （意大利化学家列维(Primo Levi)）我住在我的房间里就好像住在我的皮肤里。

我知道有很多更美丽更吸引人的“皮肤” ，但在我看来和他们交换让我感觉不自然。

这里有暗喻的意思，skin 未必就指的是皮肤。

可这么译：我在自己家里非常自由自在。

我见过更漂亮和引人瞩目的家，但对我来说“金家银家比不上自己的穷家啊”，所以我不跟他们换。

)
A. family
B. home
C. house
D. household
52.I _____ whether he has lost his way even he hasn’t come back yet up till now and he is a new comer here.
A. doubt
B. expect
C. haul
D. suspect
53.With machines, people are turning _____ products more quickly.
A. in
B. on
C. out
D. up
54.We are never satisfied that we know enough to get _____.
A. back
B. by
C. over
D. through
55._____ balance, living in the country has long been a part of the American Dream.
A. For
B. In
C. Of
D. On
56.Age is no criterion when it comes to _____ your life.
A. change
B. changing
C. exchange
D. exchanging
57.Inflation has _____ the price of everything from food to industrial products.
A. down
B. downed
C. up
D. upped
58.Successful people are the ones who _____ things for the rest of the world to keep busy at.
A. pick out
B. pick up
C. think out
D. think up to invent/devise
think out 与think up
think out 是去想出来一个方法、方案来解决困难，跟―think of‖有一点相似。

比如：Let me think it out.让我想想办法。

Let me think out（可以用of取代）a way to do it.
另外，还有―Think out of the box/Think outside the box.‖是指思路要开阔，别墨守成规，要另辟蹊径。

think up 是发明、设计出、想出、编造、凭空想象等意思。

比如：I thought up a fairytale. 我编造了（想出了）一个神话故事。

或者：Let’s try to think up a design for it. 咱们来给它想一个设计方案吧。

59.We are all born good, but can be taught to be _____.
A. wick
B. wicked
C. wicker
D. wicket
bad, evil. Ill, poor, wicked这些形容词均含―坏的‖之意。

bad:含义广泛，指任何不好的或不合需要的品质。

evil:语气比bad强，强调道德上的邪恶不良，含狡猾凶险或危害他人的意味。

ill:与evil意义接近，但语气弱一些，常指道德或性质方面的不良。

poor:普通用词，侧重指事物的质量或数量低于标准或不合要求。

用于指天气与食品时可与bad通用。

wicked: 语气比evil强，指居心叵测，任意违反道德标准，有意作恶。

60.A river forms the _____ between the two countries.
A. border 边缘,边界,边境,国界
B. boundary边界, 分界线
C. bounder 暴发户
D. frontier国境, 边境
II. Translate the following Chinese (using the English in Text A, Unit 1)
翻译时要注意：
用词准确、句型选准、时态语态前后呼应，注意简洁、保持完整、符合英语表达习惯，避免中式英语。

61.Nobody can be sure whether the basketball player with an injured knee (能否打完全场
through the whole game.
whole与all
这两词意思相同，但用法很不一样。

1)whole一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而all须位于这些词之前。

①all the time;the whole time 整个时间
②all my life; my whole life 我的一生
③all the class;the whole class 整个班级
【注意】如名主词前没有限定词，不能用whole，如可以说all day，而不能说whole day。

2)all和whole都可指―未经分割的整体‖。

但all还可用来指―已经分割或分散的人和物‖，而whole不能这样用。

①the whole city＝all the city整座城市
②all the classes所有的班级(不能说the whole classes)
3)whole一般不能修饰不可数名词或物质名词，修饰复数名词时一般前面有数量词，而all能用于各种情况。

①all the money所有的钱(不说the whole money)
②three whole days三整天
4)whole一般不能修饰地名。

不能说the whole Europe，但可以说the wholeof Europe(整个欧洲)。

game 与match
game是游戏,运动,也有比赛的意思.这个词用的比较普遍,侧重于小型的比赛项目.
match是运动,竞争,比赛的意思.一般用来讲一些大型的,正式的比赛.match还有火柴的意思．
62.After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system (以防再次遭受损失
further losses.
suffer与suffer from
suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等；但suffer from指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。

suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤
suffer from headache/illness 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰
loss n. 损失，减少；丢失，遗失；损耗，亏损；失败losses 复数
lose v.
63. (我怀疑他已经迷路了’t come back yet up till now and he is a new comer here.
suspect that 与doubt that
I suspect that she told a lie. 我怀疑/觉得她说谎。

I doubt that she told a lie. 我觉得她没说谎。

I doubt that she will change her mind. 我恐怕她不会改变想法。

doubt 比较多用whether、if，比较少用that，如果用，常用于在否定句中：I don't doubt that he will win.我不怀疑他会赢。

迷路: lose one’s way=be / get lost
此句翻译时注意前后时态的一致性。

64．The college students are going to have other expense,
aside from 与except for
aside from.除...以外(尚有) 如：Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.除了有趣与运动外，游泳还是个很有用的技能。

except for.除…之外（没有）如：Your composition is good，except for some spelling mistakes．你的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误
expense, fee, tuition, fare
expense: 主要是―花费‖、―开支‖之意，如current expenses―日常开支‖，selling expenses―销售费用‖，travelling expenses―旅费‖等等。

fee:[C] (a) (usu pl 通常作复数) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etc 服务费, 酬金（如付予私人教师、医生等的）: pay the lawyer's fees 付律师费* a bill for school fees 学费帐单. =>Usage at income 用法见income. (b) amount paid to sit an examination, join a club, etc （考试的）报名费、（加入俱乐部的）会费等: If you want to join, there's an entrance fee of 20 and an annual membership fee of 10. 入会须缴入会费20英镑, 年费10英镑.
[U] (law 律) (a) rights (esp the right to bequeath) in property that one has inherited 不动产继承权（尤指遗赠权）. (b) such property 继承的不动产.
tuition:名词n. [U] 1.讲授,教学;教诲Her father had decided she ought to have private tuition.
她父亲决定她应该有私人教师指导。

2.学费His yearly tuition is $15,000.
tuition and fees 美国大学的tuition和fees分别包括: tuition是指学费，就是你修多少个学分付给学校多少钱。

fees很广泛，包括health fee, parking, insurance和学校学生联盟的费用等学杂费。

fare:(公共汽车﹑轮船﹑计程车等的)票价
What is the bus fare to London? 到伦敦的公共汽车费是多少?
travel at half/full/reduced fare 半价/全价/减价/票旅行
85．
财产: fortune, property
只有巨额的财产才称为fortune。

property指的是一个人所拥有的一切。

wealth, assets, estate, money, cash
wealth：普通用词，含义广。

既可指大笔的钱财或物质财富，也可指抽象的精神财富。

assets：法律和商业用词，指包括全部动产和不动产的资产。

estate：多指地产或建在地面上的房产。

money：钱的通称，可以是硬币可以是纸币，也可指用作货币的其它物品。

cash：特指立即可以兑现的现金或现款。

房地产:
house building/ industry, property, real estate
(此时他一眼看见门外放着一包奇怪的东西).
at a glance: 看一眼就…; 马上I recognized her at a glance. 我一眼就认出了她。

lying, laying= lie, lay
TOM saw _____ in the path a pair of old shoes…√A. lying ying
lie: 躺；摆放，位于；处于…状态；存在，内含; 撒谎
不要混淆lie与lay这两个动词的用法。

lay表示将某物放在某处或某个位置，意义上与动词lie有相关之处。

某人将某物放（lay）在某处，那该物就放（lie）在那里。

lie的过去式是lay，过去分词是lain，为不及物动词，如：I lay on the floor with my legs in the air（我躺在地上，双腿抬起）。

而lay的过去式和过去分词均为laid，通常作及物动词，如：They laid him on the floor（他们把他放在地上）。

每个人都认为他终将一无所成).
… he will without any success X everyone think s that…
68. (随着工作条件的日益改善), the factory's productivity is increasing steadily.
state, situation, condition
situation 意为―情况‖，―形势‖，―局面‖，主要是指各种情况之间的相互关系以及该情况与有关人士之间的关系，即强调相互之间的联系和影响;
而state则主要强调人或物在特定时间内具有的特征和所处的环境，不涉及相互之间的关系。

如：the international / political / present
▲condition含有―与周围环境有关‖之意，如：
①He's now in a dangerous situation. 他现在处境危险。

②The condition of my health prevented me from working. 我的健康状况不允许我继续工作。

③He's in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况不宜于旅行。

④The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage. 此船的情况不宜作长途航行。

【注意】condition可以有复数形式，而state, situation作―状况‖解释时只能用单数。

①Their living conditions were terrible. 他们的生活条件很差。

②Joe took an active part in the workers' struggles for better pay and better conditions.
乔积极参加工人的斗争，争取提高工资和改善工作条件。

improve
You have to work hard to get your English ___. √A. improved B. improving
I’m glad that your English is ____ day by day. A. improved √B. improving
他花了两年时间走遍全国各地寻找失踪的儿子), but in vain.
cost，spend与take均可表示“花费”，区别如下：
1、从所用主语来看：
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语it)，不能是人；spend 的主语只能是人，不能是事或物；take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)也可以是人。

如：
●The computer cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。

●It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。

●I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了1 整天找你。

●It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了1 个小时。

●The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
●I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注：若cost 不是表示“花费”，而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”，则也可用人作主语。

如：
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。

2、从所接宾语来看：
cost 的宾语通常是钱，take 的宾语通常是时间，而spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。

如：
●How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
●It took her two hours to walk to the station. 步行去车站花了她两小时。

●He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(很多钱买)书。

注：cost 有时也用于时间，但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。

如：
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。

按传统语法，take 的宾语通常是时间，但在现代英语中，用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。

如：
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。

3. 从句型结构来看：
(1) 三者的通常句型为：
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时，cost 不能用于被动语态，take 通常不用于被动语态，而spend 则可以用于被动语态。

如：
误：Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误：Two hours was taken to do the work.
正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。

4. 在比喻用法中：
(1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。

如：
Careless driving will cost your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。

Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话，这不费什么事。

(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。

如：
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。

He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。

(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。

如：
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。

It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。

It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要3 个人。

losing 与missing
losing: 一般只用做动词的现在进行时，例如Somebody is losing something--某人失去某物
missing: 用作表语定语，eg. My pen is missing.--我的笔不见了。

missed: 是miss（错过或者想念）的过去式，只能做动词谓语，不能用做定语。

I missed the meeting--我错过了会议。

I missed my wife.--我想念我的妻子。

lost: 有两个用法，一个是表语定语，意思是迷路。

I get lost--我迷路了。

还有一个是lose(丢)的过去式，做动词谓语。

eg. I lost my umbrella.-- 我丢了我的雨伞。

lose在作“丢失”解时，表示“失而难以复得”或“失而无法复得”的意思。

miss是指“发觉某物不见”。

例如：I’ve lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。

She lost her husband in the crowd.她和她丈夫在人群中走散了。

When did you first miss your purse?你什么时候发现丢了钱包呢？
注意：missing和lost都可作形容词，missing表示“不见了”、“应有而缺少”；lost含有“遗失”、“失而找不到”的意思。

例如：The book had two pages missing/two missing pages. 那本书缺两页。

When he left the country, I knew the money I’d lent him was lost forever.
在他出国的时候，我就知道我借给他的那笔钱是永远失去了
现在孩子们把互联网看成是理所当然的) because they think life is not enjoyable without it.
behoove, behove 使（某人）应当It behoves us to think of these dangers. 我们必须考虑到这些危险。

We shouldn't take anything for granted. 我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的.
注意：children 和Internet前不要加the。