英文疾病介绍-Hypertension(高血压病) PPT课件
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高血压英文PPT精品课件Antihypertensive
• Diagnosis is generally based on repeated, reproducible measurements of elevated blood pressure and not on patient symptoms. Patient compliance is a major obstacle to therapy
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
--高血压英文PPT精品课件_5
Hypertension is often symptom less, so screening is vital - before damage is done. Many surveys continue to show that hypertension remains under diagnosed, undertreated and poorly controlled in the UK
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Hypertension
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension_
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Tailored Approach
• Assessment of overall cardiovascular risk • Recognition of co-morbidities • Lipid profile • Renal function • Existing contra- indications
• In diabetes – Diastolic< or = 80mmhg 51 % lower risk compared to 90 mmHg
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Global heart threat from diabetes:
A global explosion in the number of cases of diabetes is threatening to reverse the reduction in deaths from heart disease in many western countries, including the United Kingdom. To coincide with World Diabetes Day on 14 November, Diabetes UK is calling for action to be taken to reduce the 20,000 deaths per year from coronary heart disease (CHD) among people with diabetes in the UK.
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Tailored Approach
• Assessment of overall cardiovascular risk • Recognition of co-morbidities • Lipid profile • Renal function • Existing contra- indications
• In diabetes – Diastolic< or = 80mmhg 51 % lower risk compared to 90 mmHg
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Global heart threat from diabetes:
A global explosion in the number of cases of diabetes is threatening to reverse the reduction in deaths from heart disease in many western countries, including the United Kingdom. To coincide with World Diabetes Day on 14 November, Diabetes UK is calling for action to be taken to reduce the 20,000 deaths per year from coronary heart disease (CHD) among people with diabetes in the UK.
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONANDVASCULAR
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Hale Waihona Puke Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; eg, 24 2–4 mm Hg oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.
(elevated serum creatinine,
▪(2) Renovascular disease
abnormal urinalysis),
(abdominal bruits)
▪(3) APKD-autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease (abdominal or flank masses)
Prehypertension:
recheck in 1 year
2. Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99
Stage 1 hypertension:
confirm within 2 months
2 separate office visits)
▪(5) Primary hyperaldosteronism
(hypokalemia)
7
JNC VII 2003 recommendations
Normal: recheck in 2 years (see Comments)
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Etiology and pathogenesis of EH
No
cause can be established Possible mechanisms Genetic tendency
Spontaneous hypertension rat EH tends to cluster in families
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Diastolic Hypotension??? <60 Optimal <120 <80 Normal <130 <85 High-normal 139 85-89 Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Optional investigations
Plasma renin( 肾 素 ) activity & aldosterone (醛固酮), urinary VMA（香草杏仁酸），to identify secondary hypertension Echocardiography, to detect ventricular hypertrophy Vascular ultrasonography should be performed if arterial disease is suspected. Renal ultrasonography should be performed if renal disease is suspected.
perhaps by catecholamines儿茶酚胺
【高血压英文PPT精品课件】 HYPERTENSION IN THE INPATIENT SETTING
• End Organ Injury
– Myocardial ischemia – Stroke – Renal failure
• Pulmonary Edema
Sympathetic Nervous System Regulation of Blood Pressure
CNS
Adrenal Gland
Parenteral Treatment of Hypertension May Be Required During/After Perioperative Period
• Cardiac Surgery • Major Vascular Surgery
– carotid endarterectomy – aortic surgery
Parenteral Treatment of Hypertension May be Required in ...
• EM • MICU • SICU • OR • PACU • Obstetrics Suite
Parenteral Treatment of Hypertension May be Required for Medical Emergencies
• Uncontrolled or Malignant Hypertension • Drug-Induced Hypertension
– cocaine, amphetamines – drug withdrawal – drug-drug interactions
• Endocrine Disorders
OR
PACU
Myocardial Ischemia
Hypercarbia/ Hypoxemia
Vascular clamping (afterload)
– Myocardial ischemia – Stroke – Renal failure
• Pulmonary Edema
Sympathetic Nervous System Regulation of Blood Pressure
CNS
Adrenal Gland
Parenteral Treatment of Hypertension May Be Required During/After Perioperative Period
• Cardiac Surgery • Major Vascular Surgery
– carotid endarterectomy – aortic surgery
Parenteral Treatment of Hypertension May be Required in ...
• EM • MICU • SICU • OR • PACU • Obstetrics Suite
Parenteral Treatment of Hypertension May be Required for Medical Emergencies
• Uncontrolled or Malignant Hypertension • Drug-Induced Hypertension
– cocaine, amphetamines – drug withdrawal – drug-drug interactions
• Endocrine Disorders
OR
PACU
Myocardial Ischemia
Hypercarbia/ Hypoxemia
Vascular clamping (afterload)
【高血压精品英文课件】Hypertension
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Investigation of the New Hypertensive
• History and examination • Exclude secondary Hypertension • Urea and electrolytes • FBP and ESR • ECG • Lipid profile
disease. • Mild – moderate renal dysfunction. • Sudden onset pulmonary oedema.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Ladder Approach
• Bendrofluazide • Bendrofluazide + Atenolol or ACE • Calcium Channel blocker • Alpha blocker
• Phaeochomocytoma • Cusings syndrome • Conn’s syndrome • Acromegaly and hypothyroidism
– Coarctation of the aorta – Iatrogenic
• Hormonal / oral contraceptive • NSAIDs
• Chest x-ray no longer routinely indicated
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Clinical clues to renal vascular disease
• Hypertension under 50 Yrs of age. • Generalised vascular (esp peripheral)
Investigation of the New Hypertensive
• History and examination • Exclude secondary Hypertension • Urea and electrolytes • FBP and ESR • ECG • Lipid profile
disease. • Mild – moderate renal dysfunction. • Sudden onset pulmonary oedema.
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Ladder Approach
• Bendrofluazide • Bendrofluazide + Atenolol or ACE • Calcium Channel blocker • Alpha blocker
• Phaeochomocytoma • Cusings syndrome • Conn’s syndrome • Acromegaly and hypothyroidism
– Coarctation of the aorta – Iatrogenic
• Hormonal / oral contraceptive • NSAIDs
• Chest x-ray no longer routinely indicated
Kieran McGlade Nov 2001
Clinical clues to renal vascular disease
• Hypertension under 50 Yrs of age. • Generalised vascular (esp peripheral)
英文疾病的介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Diagnosis
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Diagnosis
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)ppt课件
Hypertension
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
【高血压英文PPT精品课件】Hypertension (HT) -High Blood Pressure (HBP)
• Symptoms:
Always asymptomatic Symptoms often attributed to hypertension:
headache, tinnitus, dizziness, fainting
slide 10
Clinical Features
• Complications of Hypertension Heart: LVH, CHD,HF Brain: TIA, Stroke Renal: Microalbuminuria, renal dysfunction Ratinopathy
3. Renal Sodium Handling 4. Vascular Remodelling 5. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction 6. Insulin Resistance
slide 4
The pathological changes of small artery
• Ambulatory monitoring can provide:
– readings throughout day during usual activities – readings during sleep to assess nocturnal changes – measures of SBP and DBP load – Exclude white coat or office hypertension
KW II: More marked narrowing and irregularity with arteriovenous nicking (crossing defects)
KW III: Flame-shaped hemorrhages and exudates in addition to above arteriolar changes
Always asymptomatic Symptoms often attributed to hypertension:
headache, tinnitus, dizziness, fainting
slide 10
Clinical Features
• Complications of Hypertension Heart: LVH, CHD,HF Brain: TIA, Stroke Renal: Microalbuminuria, renal dysfunction Ratinopathy
3. Renal Sodium Handling 4. Vascular Remodelling 5. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction 6. Insulin Resistance
slide 4
The pathological changes of small artery
• Ambulatory monitoring can provide:
– readings throughout day during usual activities – readings during sleep to assess nocturnal changes – measures of SBP and DBP load – Exclude white coat or office hypertension
KW II: More marked narrowing and irregularity with arteriovenous nicking (crossing defects)
KW III: Flame-shaped hemorrhages and exudates in addition to above arteriolar changes
高血压英文PPT精品课件_3
BPLTTC Meta-analysis: Stroke and CHD
Relative Risk of Stroke Relative Risk of CHD
Stroke
1.50
CHD
1.50
1.25
1.25
1.00
1.00
0.75
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.25
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
2 mm Hg decrease in mean SBP
7% reduction in risk of CHD mortality
10% reduction in risk of stroke mortality
Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-1913.
No Compelling Indications
Stage 1 140-159/90-99 Diuretics for most;
consider ACEI, ARB, B, CCB
Stage 2 BP 160/100 2-drug combo for
most (diuretic + ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB)
What Is Hypertension?
JNC 7 Definitions
Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
Systolic
Diastolic
<120
and <80
120-139
or 80-89
140-159
or 90-99
≥160
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIVE
In Young ...
Protein C levels Protein S levels Platelet Analysis Sr. & Urine for Homocysteine levels
Others ...
Hb Electrophoresis PT / PTT Anti-Phospholipid antibody Complete Cardiovascular evaluation
Microaneurysyms Optociliary vessels – collaterals between retinal & ciliary
vessels
Cilioretinal artery occlusion
Combined with CRVO
Cilioretinal artery occlusion
• HRVO (Hemi Retinal Vein Occlusion)
• BRVO (Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion) Constitutes 69.5 % of all RVO cases
CRVO ...
Classic Appearance
Mildest Form
CRVO
Combined with anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
HRVO ...
HRVO ...
Superior & Inferior vein do not merge into Central Vein before entering into lamina cribrosa
Traditional Rx Options ...
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIVE
GRADE 2 HTR
SEVERE GENERALIZED AND FOCAL ARTERIOLAR CONSTRICTION
A-V CROSSING CHANGES (SALUS SIGN)
GRADE 3 HTR
Copper wiring of arterioles Venous banking distal to A-V
the arterial & venous circulation
Green et al – Thrombus formation in the region of lamina cribrosa is the primary event
GRADE 4 HTR
All changes of grade 3
Silver wiring of arterioles
Disc edema
Ocular associations of hypertension
Retinal vein occlusion
• CRVO (Central Retinal Vein Occlusion)
crossing (bonnet’s sn) Venous tapering on either
side of crossing (gunn’s sn) Right angle deflection of
veins. Flame shaped hemorrhages
cotton wool spots, hard exudates.
• HRVO (Hemi Retinal Vein Occlusion)
• BRVO (Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion) Constitutes 69.5 % of all RVO cases
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cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
Genes（遗传因素） Diet（膳食因素） Social And Mental
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
sign
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓 进性高血压
Mቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlignant
（[məˈliɡnənt ）
Hypertension (Accelerated Hypertension)恶性/急进性
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
Who is at risk?
Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign（biˈnain ）
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic （[ˈkrɔnik]慢性的 ） medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries （[ˈɑ:təriz]动脉 ） is elevated([ˈeləˌveɪtɪd]提高的).
Diagnosis（[ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis]诊 断）
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
孕妇
Chronic kidney disease
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
Who is at risk?
Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
Genes（遗传因素） Diet（膳食因素） Social And Mental
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
sign
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓 进性高血压
Mቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlignant
（[məˈliɡnənt ）
Hypertension (Accelerated Hypertension)恶性/急进性
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
Who is at risk?
Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign（biˈnain ）
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic （[ˈkrɔnik]慢性的 ） medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries （[ˈɑ:təriz]动脉 ） is elevated([ˈeləˌveɪtɪd]提高的).
Diagnosis（[ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis]诊 断）
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
孕妇
Chronic kidney disease
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
Who is at risk?
Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure