安徽省2018年初中毕业考试模拟冲刺卷(二)及解析

合集下载

2018年安徽初中学业水平测试第二次模拟

2018年安徽初中学业水平测试第二次模拟

NH4Cl 20.8
(NH4)2SO4 20.8
NH4NO3 20.8
500min 时氧气浓度(%) 15.8
17.0
17.4
实验前溶液 PH
5.31
5.53
5.50
实验后溶液 PH
7.37
7.99
8.22
铁钉表面锈蚀情况
大量铁锈
大量铁锈
大量铁锈
(1)用稀硫酸去除铁锈的化学反应方程式为
(2)在 NH4Cl、(NH4)2SO4、和 NH4NO3 溶液中,铁钉锈蚀过程中上述溶液的酸性均变 (填“强”或“弱”)
(4)铁钉锈蚀的速率还可能与 实验操作
有关。请设计你的实验,验证你的猜想: 实验现象及结论
【注意:若答对第(5)小题奖励 4 分,化学试卷总分不超过 60 分】 (5)该小组在不同酸碱性溶液中又进行了探究,在相同条件下其测定的实验数据如下图:
a、上述实验中,氧气浓度下降先陡后缓的原因为 b、根据甲、乙图像,请写出三点结论: ①结论: ②结论: ③结论: 三、本大题共 6 分 16. 实验中学化学兴趣小组为测定某石灰石样品(杂
铲雪工作,右图是在本次除冰铲雪工作中用到的铲雪车。请你回
答下列问题。
(1)图中属于有机合成材料的是
(填序号,一个即可,下同);属于金属材
料的是
(2)铲雪车重要部位是前面巨大的不锈钢铲,不锈钢属于
(填“混合物”或“纯
净物”)
(3)请用化学方程式表示金属铁、铝活动性顺序
(4)铲雪车使用的燃料是柴油,铲雪车使用过程中是将

(3)ZNFe3O4 可看作两种氧化物的结合,它与稀 H2SO4 反应生产两种盐,分别是 ZnSO4 和
(填化学式).

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟冲刺卷(二)

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟冲刺卷(二)

温馨提示:此套题为Word版,请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴,调节合适的观看比例,答案解析附后。

关闭Word文档返回原板块。

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟冲刺卷(二)(150分钟·150分)一、语文积累与综合运用(35分)1.默写古诗文中的名句名篇。

(10分)(1)古诗词名句默写。

(6分)①________________,病树前头万木春。

(刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》)②________________,志在千里。

(曹操《龟虽寿》)③大漠孤烟直,________________。

(王维《使至塞上》)④烟笼寒水月笼沙,________________。

(杜牧《泊秦淮》)⑤陆游《游山西村》一诗中流传最广、景物描写中寓含哲理、千百年来被人们广为传诵的两句是:__________,________________。

(2)请默写出白居易《钱塘湖春行》的后四句。

(4分)________________,________________。

________________,________________。

答案:(1)①沉舟侧畔千帆过②老骥伏枥③长河落日圆④夜泊秦淮近酒家⑤山重水复疑无路柳暗花明又一村(2)乱花渐欲迷人眼浅草才能没马蹄最爱湖东行不足绿杨阴里白沙堤2.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(9分)人生的本色该是如此:成,如朗月照花,深潭微澜,是不论顺逆、不计得失的超然,是扬鞭策马、登高临远的驿站;败,仍清水穿石,汇流入海,有穷且益坚、不坠青云的ào( )岸,有“将相本无种,男儿当自强”的倔强。

荣,江山依旧,风采犹然,恰如沧海巫山,熟视岁月如流,浮华万千,不屑过眼烟云;辱,胯下韩信,雪底苍松,宛若羽化之仙,深知暂退一步,海阔天空,不肯因噎废食……没有比行动更美好的语言,______________________。

人生需要的是德行的沐浴..( )、坚韧的浇灌、挚爱的孕育。

2018安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟卷(含答案解析)

2018安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟卷(含答案解析)

2018安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟卷数学时间120分钟满分150分一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,满分40分)每小题都给出代号为A,B,C,D的四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的,请把正确选项的代号写在题后的括号内.每一小题,选对得4分,不选、选错或选出的代号超过一个的(不论是否写在括号内)一律得0分.1.下面四个数中比-3大的数是()A.-B.-2C.-6D.-42.下列计算正确的是()A. B. C. D.=-33.据《合肥晚报》报道,合肥地铁6号线一期建设总投资估算201亿元,将201亿用科学记数法表示应为() A.201×108 B.2.01×1010 C.0.201×1011 D.2.01×1084.图中所示几何体的俯视图是()5.下列实数中,介于5和6之间的是()A. B. C. D.6.2017年5月,20国青年评选出了中国的“新四大发明”:高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网购.某共享单车公司计划2018年连续3个月对合肥投放新型共享单车,计划第一个月投放3000台,第3个月投放6000台,每月按相同的增长率投放,设增长率为x,则可列方程()A.3000(1+x)2=6000B.3000(1+x)+3000(1+x)2=6000C.3000(1-x)2=6000D.3000+3000(1+x)+3000(1+x)2=60007.在《朗读者》节目的影响下,某中学开展了“好书伴我成长”读书活动.为了解5月份八年级300名学生的读书情况,:册数01234人数31316171关于这组数据,下列说法正确的是()A.中位数是2B.众数是17C.平均数是3D.方差是28.如图,在矩形ABCD中,边AB的长为3,点E,F分别在AD,BC上,连接BE,DF,EF,BD,若四边形BEDF 是菱形,且EF=AE+FC,则边BC的长为()A.2B.C.6D.39.如图是在同一平面直角坐标系内,二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c与一次函数y=ax+c的大致图象,正确的是()10.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AB=6,AC=8,P是斜边BC上一动点,PE⊥AB于点E,PF⊥AC于点F,EF与AP相交于点O,则OF的最小值为() A.4.8 B.1.2C.3.6D.2.4二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分)11.-的立方根是.12.如图,BD为☉O的直径,AB与☉O相切于点B,连接AO,AO与☉O交于点C,若∠A=30°,☉O的半径为2,则的长为.(结果保留π)13.“杨辉三角形”是中国古代重要的数学成就,它比西方的“帕斯卡三角形”早了三百多年,如图是三角形数阵,记a n为图中第n行各个数之和,则a5+a11的值为.14.如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB=5,BC=7,点E是AD上的一个动点,把△BAE沿BE向矩形内部折叠,当点A的对应点A1恰好落在∠BCD的平分线上时,CA1的长为.三、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分)15.计算:23-sin 45°+(π-3.14)0-.16.先化简,再求值:,其中m=.四、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分)17.《孙子算经》是中国传统数学最重要的著作,约成书于四、五世纪.现在传本的《孙子算经》共三卷.卷上叙述算筹记数的纵横相间制度和筹算乘除法则;卷中举例说明筹算分数算法和筹算开平方法;卷下记录算题,不但提供了答案,而且还给出了解法.其中记载:“今有木,不知长短.引绳度之,余绳四尺五,屈绳量之,不足一尺.问木长几何?”译文:“用一根绳子去量一根长木,绳子还剩余4.5尺,将绳子对折再量长木,长木还剩余1尺,问长木长多少尺?”请解答上述问题.18.如图,在△ABC中,A(-4,4),B(-4,-2),C(-2,2).(1)请画出将△ABC向右平移8个单位长度后得到的△A1B1C1;(2)以O为位似中心,将△A1B1C1缩小为原来的,得到△A2B2C2,请在y轴右侧画出△A2B2C2.五、(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,满分20分)19.如图,坡AB的坡比为1∶2.4,坡长AB=130米,坡AB的高为BT.在坡AB的正面有一栋建筑物CH,点H,A,T在同一地平线MN上.(1)试问坡AB的高BT为多少米?(2)若某人在坡AB的坡脚A处和中点D处,观测到建筑物顶部C处的仰角分别为60°和30°,试求建筑物CH的高度.(结果精确到米,参考数据:≈1.73,≈1.41)20.如图,反比例函数y1=的图象与一次函数y2=x的图象交于点A,B,点B的横坐标是4,点P(1,m)在反比例函数y1=的图象上.(1)求反比例函数的表达式;(2)观察图象,找出当y1>y2时,x的取值范围;(3)求△PAB的面积.六、(本题满分12分)21.在大课间活动中,同学们积极参加体育锻炼,小明就本班同学“我最喜爱的体育项目”进行了一次调查统计,如图是他通过收集数据后,绘制的两幅不完整的统计图.请你根据图中提供的信息,解答以下问题:(1)该班共有名学生;(2)补全条形统计图;(3)在扇形统计图中,“乒乓球”部分所对应的圆心角度数为;(4)学校将举办体育节,该班将推选5位同学参加乒乓球活动,有3位男同学(A,B,C)和2位女同学(D,E),现准备从中选取两名同学组成双打组合,用树状图或列表法求恰好选出一男一女组成混合双打组合的概率.七、(本题满分12分)22.在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=2,点P为BC边上的一个动点(不与点B,C重合).点P关于直线AC,AB的对称点分别为M,N,连接MN交AC于点E,交AB于点F.(1)当点P为线段BC的中点时,求∠M的正切值.(2)当点P在线段BC上运动时(不与B,C重合),连接AM,AN,求证:①△AMN为等腰直角三角形;②△AEF∽△BAM.八、(本题满分14分)23.若二次函数y=a1x2+b1x+c1的图象记为C1,其顶点为A,二次函数y=a2x2+b2x+c2的图象记为C2,其顶点为B,且满足点A在C2上,点B在C1上,则称这两个二次函数互为“共同体二次函数”.(1)写出二次函数y=x2的一个“共同体二次函数”;(2)设二次函数y=x2-2x+3与y轴的交点为P,求以P为顶点的二次函数y=x2-2x+3的“共同体二次函数”;(3)若二次函数y=2x2-1与其“共同体二次函数”的顶点不重合,试求该“共同体二次函数”的二次项系数.2018安徽省初中毕业学业考试模拟卷数学时间120分钟满分150分一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,满分40分)每小题都给出代号为A,B,C,D的四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的,请把正确选项的代号写在题后的括号内.每一小题,选对得4分,不选、选错或选出的代号超过一个的(不论是否写在括号内)一律得0分.1.下面四个数中比-3大的数是(B)A.-B.-2C.-6D.-4【解析】根据有理数比较大小的方法,可得-<-3,-2>-3,-6<-3,-4<-3,故四个数中比-3大的数是-2.2.下列计算正确的是(C)A. B. C. D.=-3【解析】=2-,故A选项错误;,故B选项错误;,故C 选项正确;=3,故D选项错误.3.据《合肥晚报》报道,合肥地铁6号线一期建设总投资估算201亿元,将201亿用科学记数法表示应为(B) A.201×108 B.2.01×1010 C.0.201×1011 D.2.01×108【解析】将201亿用科学记数法表示应为2.01×1010.4.图中所示几何体的俯视图是(D)【解析】俯视图是矩形,并且中间有1条实线和1条虚线,虚线靠右侧,观察知D项正确.5.下列实数中,介于5和6之间的是(B)A. B. C. D.【解析】∵25<30<36,∴5<<6.6.2017年5月,20国青年评选出了中国的“新四大发明”:高铁、支付宝、共享单车和网购.某共享单车公司计划2018年连续3个月对合肥投放新型共享单车,计划第一个月投放3000台,第3个月投放6000台,每月按相同的增长率投放,设增长率为x,则可列方程(A)A.3000(1+x)2=6000B.3000(1+x)+3000(1+x)2=6000C.3000(1-x)2=6000D.3000+3000(1+x)+3000(1+x)2=6000【解析】设增长率为x,由题意得3000(1+x)2=6000.7.在《朗读者》节目的影响下,某中学开展了“好书伴我成长”读书活动.为了解5月份八年级300名学生的读书情况,随机调查了八年级50名学生读书的册数,统计数据如下表所示:册01234数人31316171数关于这组数据,下列说法正确的是(A) A.中位数是2 B.众数是17 C.平均数是3 D.方差是2【解析】观察表格,可知这组样本数据的平均数为(0×3+1×13+2×16+3×17+4×1)÷50=2;∵这组样本数据中,3出现了17次,出现的次数最多,∴这组数据的众数是3;∵将这组样本数据按从小到大的顺序排列,其中处于中间的两个数都是2,∴这组数据的中位数为2;方差为×[3×(0-2)2+13×(1-2)2+16×(2-2)2+17×(3-2)2+1×(4-2)2]=.8.如图,在矩形ABCD中,边AB的长为3,点E,F分别在AD,BC上,连接BE,DF,EF,BD,若四边形BEDF 是菱形,且EF=AE+FC,则边BC的长为(D)A.2B.C.6D.3【解析】∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴∠A=90°,∠ABC=90°,AD=BC,∵四边形BEDF是菱形,∴BF=DE,EO=FO,∠BOE=90°,∠EBO=∠DBF,∵AE=AD-DE,CF=BC-BF,∴AE=CF,∵EF=AE+FC,EF=EO+FO,∴AE=EO=CF=FO,∴Rt△ABE≌Rt△OBE,∴AB=BO=3,∠ABE=∠EBO,∴∠ABE=∠EBD=∠DBC=30°,∴BE==2,∴BF=BE=2,∴CF=AE=BE=,∴BC=BF+CF=3.9.如图是在同一平面直角坐标系内,二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c与一次函数y=ax+c的大致图象,正确的是(C)【解析】令ax2+(a+c)x+c=ax+c,解得x1=0,x2=-,∴二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c与一次函数y=ax+c的交点为(0,c),.选项A,二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c中a>0,c<0,而一次函数y=ax+c中a<0,c>0,不符合题意;选项B,二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c中a>0,c<0,一次函数y=ax+c中a>0,c<0,但两个函数的交点不符合求得的交点的特点,不符合题意;选项C,二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c中a<0,c>0,一次函数y=ax+c中a<0,c>0,且交点符合求得的交点的情况,符合题意;选项D,二次函数y=ax2+(a+c)x+c中a<0,c>0,而一次函数y=ax+c中a>0,c<0,不符合题意.10.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AB=6,AC=8,P是斜边BC上一动点,PE⊥AB于点E,PF⊥AC于点F,EF与AP相交于点O,则OF的最小值为(D) A.4.8 B.1.2C.3.6D.2.4【解析】由题意,知四边形AEPF是矩形,∴EF,AP互相平分,且EF=AP,OE=OF,∵当AP的值最小时,OF 的值就最小,∴当AP⊥BC时,AP的值最小,即OF的值最小.∵AP·BC=AB·AC,∴AP·BC=AB·AC.在Rt△ABC中,由勾股定理得BC==10.∴10AP=6×8,得AP=,∴OF=EF=AP=.二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分)11.-的立方根是-.【解析】-的立方根是-.12.如图,BD为☉O的直径,AB与☉O相切于点B,连接AO,AO与☉O交于点C,若∠A=30°,☉O的半径为2,则的长为π.(结果保留π)【解析】∵AB与☉O相切于点B,∴OB⊥AB,∴∠ABO=90°,∴∠COD=∠A+∠ABO=30°+90°=120°,∴的长度=π.13.“杨辉三角形”是中国古代重要的数学成就,它比西方的“帕斯卡三角形”早了三百多年,如图是三角形数阵,记a n为图中第n行各个数之和,则a5+a11的值为1040.【解析】第一行数字之和为1=21-1,第二行数字之和为2=22-1,第三行数字之和为4=23-1,第四行数字之和为8=24-1,…,第n行数字之和为2n-1,∴a5+a11=24+210=16+1024=1040.14.如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB=5,BC=7,点E是AD上的一个动点,把△BAE沿BE向矩形内部折叠,当点A的对应点A1恰好落在∠BCD的平分线上时,CA1的长为3或4.【解析】过点A1作A1M⊥BC于点M.∵点A的对应点A1恰落在∠BCD的平分线上,∴设CM=A1M=x,则BM=7-x.又由折叠的性质知AB=A1B=5,∴在直角△A1MB中,由勾股定理得A1M2=A1B2-BM2=25-(7-x)2,∴25-(7-x)2=x2,解得x1=3,x2=4,∵在等腰Rt△A1CM中,CA1=A1M,∴CA1=3或4.三、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分)15.计算:23-sin 45°+(π-3.14)0-.解:原式=8-+1-4 ........................................................................................................................... 4分=8-1+1-4 ................................................................................................................................................... 6分=4............................................................................................................................................................... 8分16.先化简,再求值:,其中m=.解:原式===.......................................................................................................................................................... 4分当m=时,原式==-..................................................................................................................................... 8分四、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分)17.《孙子算经》是中国传统数学最重要的著作,约成书于四、五世纪.现在传本的《孙子算经》共三卷.卷上叙述算筹记数的纵横相间制度和筹算乘除法则;卷中举例说明筹算分数算法和筹算开平方法;卷下记录算题,不但提供了答案,而且还给出了解法.其中记载:“今有木,不知长短.引绳度之,余绳四尺五,屈绳量之,不足一尺.问木长几何?”译文:“用一根绳子去量一根长木,绳子还剩余4.5尺,将绳子对折再量长木,长木还剩余1尺,问长木长多少尺?”请解答上述问题.解:设绳长x尺,则长木为(x-4.5)尺.依题意可得(x-4.5)-x=1. .......................................................................................................................... 6分解得x=11,则x-4.5=6.5.答:长木长6.5尺. ...................................................................................................................................... 8分18.如图,在△ABC中,A(-4,4),B(-4,-2),C(-2,2).(1)请画出将△ABC向右平移8个单位长度后得到的△A1B1C1;(2)以O为位似中心,将△A1B1C1缩小为原来的,得到△A2B2C2,请在y轴右侧画出△A2B2C2.解:(1)如图所示,△A1B1C1即为所求......................................................................................................... 4分(2)如图所示,△A2B2C2即为所求.............................................................................................................. 8分五、(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,满分20分)19.如图,坡AB的坡比为1∶2.4,坡长AB=130米,坡AB的高为BT.在坡AB的正面有一栋建筑物CH,点H,A,T在同一地平线MN上.(1)试问坡AB的高BT为多少米?(2)若某人在坡AB的坡脚A处和中点D处,观测到建筑物顶部C处的仰角分别为60°和30°,试求建筑物CH的高度.(结果精确到米,参考数据:≈1.73,≈1.41)解:(1)在△ABT中,∠ATB=90°,BT∶AT=1∶2.4,AB=130米,令TB=h,则AT=2.4h,有h2+(2.4h)2=1302,解得h=50(舍负),答:坡AB的高BT为50米....................................................................................................................... 4分(2)作DK⊥MN于点K,作DL⊥CH于点L,在△ADK中,AD=AB=65,KD=BT=25,得AK=60,在△DCL中,∠CDL=30°,令CL=x,得LD=x,易知四边形DLHK是矩形,则LH=DK,LD=HK. .................................................................................... 7分在△ACH中,∠CAH=60°,CH=x+25,得AH=,所以x=60+,解得x=30+12.5≈64.4,则CH=64.4+25=89.4≈89.答:建筑物CH的高度为89米............................................................................................................... 10分20.如图,反比例函数y1=的图象与一次函数y2=x的图象交于点A,B,点B的横坐标是4,点P(1,m)在反比例函数y1=的图象上.(1)求反比例函数的表达式;(2)观察图象,找出当y1>y2时,x的取值范围;(3)求△PAB的面积.解:(1)把x=4代入y2=x,得到点B的坐标为(4,1),把点B(4,1)代入y1=,得k=4.反比例函数的表达式为y1=................................................................................................................... 2分(2)∵点A与点B关于原点对称,∴点A的坐标为(-4,-1),观察图象得,当x<-4或0<x<4时,y1>y2.................................................................................................. 4分(3)过点A作AR⊥y轴于点R,过点P作PS⊥y轴于点S,连接PO,设AP与y轴交于点C.∵点A与点B关于原点对称,∴OA=OB,∴S△AOP=S△BOP,∴S△PAB=2S△AOP.当x=1时,y=4,∴P(1,4). ........................................................................................................................... 6分设直线AP的函数关系式为y=mx+n,把点A(-4,-1),P(1,4)代入y=mx+n,得解得∴直线AP的函数关系式为y=x+3,∴点C的坐标为(0,3),OC=3,∴S△AOP=S△AOC+S△POC=OC·AR+OC·PS=×3×4+×3×1=,∴S△PAB=2S△AOP=15................................................................................................................................ 10分六、(本题满分12分)21.在大课间活动中,同学们积极参加体育锻炼,小明就本班同学“我最喜爱的体育项目”进行了一次调查统计,如图是他通过收集数据后,绘制的两幅不完整的统计图.请你根据图中提供的信息,解答以下问题:(1)该班共有名学生;(2)补全条形统计图;(3)在扇形统计图中,“乒乓球”部分所对应的圆心角度数为;(4)学校将举办体育节,该班将推选5位同学参加乒乓球活动,有3位男同学(A,B,C)和2位女同学(D,E),现准备从中选取两名同学组成双打组合,用树状图或列表法求恰好选出一男一女组成混合双打组合的概率.解:(1)由题意可知该班的总人数=15÷30%=50. .................................................................................... 2分(2)足球项目所占的人数=50×18%=9,所以其他项目所占人数=50-15-9-16=10,补全条形统计图如图所示........................................................................................................................ 6分(3)“乒乓球”部分所对应的圆心角度数=360°×=115.2°. ................................................................ 8分(4)画树状图如下:由图可知,共有20种等可能的结果,恰为一男一女的结果有12种,所以P(恰好选出一男一女)=. ..................................................................................................... 12分七、(本题满分12分)22.在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=2,点P为BC边上的一个动点(不与点B,C重合).点P关于直线AC,AB的对称点分别为M,N,连接MN交AC于点E,交AB于点F.(1)当点P为线段BC的中点时,求∠M的正切值.(2)当点P在线段BC上运动时(不与B,C重合),连接AM,AN,求证:①△AMN为等腰直角三角形;②△AEF∽△BAM.解:(1)连接NB.∵在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC,∴△ACB为等腰直角三角形,∴∠A=∠CBA=45°. ............................................................................................................................... 2分∵点P关于直线AB的对称点为N,关于直线AC的对称点为M,∴AB垂直PN,BN=BP,∴∠NBA=∠PBA=45°,∴∠PBN=90°,∵P为BC的中点,BC=2,∴MC=CP=PB=NB=1,∴tan ∠M=. .................................................................................................................................. 6分(2)①连接AP,如图.∵点P关于直线AC,AB的对称点分别为M,N,∴AP=AM=AN,∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,∵∠CAB=∠2+∠3=45°,∴∠MAN=90°,∴△AMN为等腰直角三角形. ................................................................................................................. 9分②∵△AMN为等腰直角三角形,∴∠5=∠6=45°,∴∠AEF=∠5+∠1=45°+∠1,∵∠EAF=45°,∴∠BAM=∠EAF+∠1=45°+∠1,∴∠AEF=∠BAM,又∵∠B=∠EAF=45°,∴△AEF∽△BAM.......................................................................................... 12分八、(本题满分14分)23.若二次函数y=a1x2+b1x+c1的图象记为C1,其顶点为A,二次函数y=a2x2+b2x+c2的图象记为C2,其顶点为B,且满足点A在C2上,点B在C1上,则称这两个二次函数互为“共同体二次函数”.(1)写出二次函数y=x2的一个“共同体二次函数”;(2)设二次函数y=x2-2x+3与y轴的交点为P,求以P为顶点的二次函数y=x2-2x+3的“共同体二次函数”;(3)若二次函数y=2x2-1与其“共同体二次函数”的顶点不重合,试求该“共同体二次函数”的二次项系数.解:(1)∵y=x2,∴顶点坐标为(0,0)且经过点(2,4).设以(2,4)为顶点且经过点(0,0)的抛物线的函数关系式为y=a(x-2)2+4,将x=0,y=0代入y=a(x-2)2+4,得0=a(0-2)2+4,解得a=-1.∴二次函数y=x2的一个“共同体二次函数”为y=-(x-2)2+4. ................................................................. 4分(2)令x=0,则y=x2-2x+3=3,∴二次函数y=x2-2x+3与y轴的交点P的坐标为(0,3).∵y=x2-2x+3=(x-1)2+2,∴顶点坐标为(1,2). ............................................................................................ 6分设以(0,3)为顶点且经过(1,2)的抛物线的函数关系式为y=ax2+3,将x=1,y=2代入y=ax2+3,得2=a·12+3,解得a=-1.∴以P为顶点的二次函数y=x2-2x+3的“共同体二次函数”为y=-x2+3.............................................. 9分(3)对于y=2x2-1,其顶点为(0,-1),设y=a(x+h)2+k,其顶点为(-h,k),∵二次函数y=2x2-1与其“共同体二次函数”的顶点不重合,∴h=0时k≠-1. ........................................................................................................................................ 12分根据“共同体二次函数”的定义可得-1=ah2+k,k=2h2-1,∴ah2=-2h2,∴a=-2,∴该“共同体二次函数”的二次项系数为-2........................................................................................... 14分。

安徽省合肥市2018届毕业班第二次中考模拟测试 数学试题(word版附答案)

安徽省合肥市2018届毕业班第二次中考模拟测试 数学试题(word版附答案)

安徽省合肥市2018届初中毕业班第二次中考模拟测试数 学 试 题一、选择题(共10小题,每小题4分,满分40分)1.下列图形中,是轴对称图形的是( )2.宁波栎社国际机场三期扩建工程建设总投资84.5亿元,其中84.5亿元用科学记数法表示为( )A .0.845³1010元B .84.5³108元C .8.45³109元D .8.45³1010元 3.64的立方根是( )A .4B .8C .±4D .±8 4.下列计算正确的是( )A .2x 2²2xy =4x 3y 4B .3x 2y -5xy 2=-2x 2yC .x -1÷x -2=x -1D .(-3a -2)(-3a +2)=9a 2-4 5.如图,一个正方体切去一个三棱锥后所得几何体的俯视图是( )6.如图,在△ABC 中,AB =AC ,BC =6,△DEF 的周长是7,AF ⊥BC 于点F ,BE ⊥AC 于点E ,且点D 是AB 的中点,则AF 的长为( )A . 5B .7C . 3D .77.在同一平面坐标系内,若直线y =3x -1与直线y =x -k 的交点在第四象限的角平分线上,则k 的值为( )A .k =-12B .k =13C .k =12D .k =18.若x 1,x 2是一元二次方程x 2-2x -1=0的两个根,x 12-x 1+x 2的值为( )A .-1B .0C .2D .3 9.如图,∠ACB =60○,半径为2的⊙O 切BC 于点C ,若将⊙O 在CB 上向右滚动,则当滚动到⊙O 与CA 也相切时,圆心O移动的水平距离为()A .2π B .4π C .32 D .410.如图,直线l 的解析式为y=-x +4,它与x 轴分别相交于A ,B 两点.平行于直线l 的直线m 从原点O 出发,沿x 轴的正方向以每秒1个单位长度的速度运动,它与x 轴和y 轴分别相交于C ,D 两点,运动时间为t 秒(0≤t≤4),以CD 为斜边作等腰直角三角形CDE(E ,O 两点分别在CD 两侧).若△CDE 和△OAB 的重合部分的面积为S ,则S 与t 之间的函数关系的图象大致是( )二、填空简答题(共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分)11.分解因式:x ﹣4x 2﹣12x=.12.风华中学七年级(2)班的“精英小组”有男生4人,女生3人,若选出一人担任班长,则组长是男生的概率为 .13.如图,OP 平分∠AOB ,∠AOP =15°,PC ∥OA ,PD ⊥OA 于点D ,PC =4,则PD = .14.如图,在菱形ABCD 中,AB=BD .点E 、F 分别在AB 、AD 上,且AE=DF .连接BF 与DE 相交于点G ,连接CG 与BD 相交于点H .下列结论: ①△AED ≌△DFB ; ②S 四边形BCDG =CG 2; ③DE=CG ;④若AF=2DF ,则BG=6GF . 其中正确的结论 . 三、解答题(90分)15.(8分)计算:()﹣2﹣6sin30°+(﹣2)0+|2﹣|;16.(8分)先化简,再求值:÷(x+2﹣),其中x=﹣3.17.(8分)如图所示,在▱ABCD中,DE=CE,连接AE并延长交BC的延长线于点F.(1)求证:△ADE≌△FCE;(2)若AB=2BC,∠F=36°,求∠B的度数.18.(8分)已知关于x的不等式22mxm>21x-1.(1)当m=1时,求该不等式的解集;(2)m取何值时,该不等式有解,并求出解集.19.(10分)在一次数学兴趣小组活动中,李燕和刘凯两位同学设计了如图所示的两个转盘做游戏(每个转盘被分成面积相等的几个扇形,并在每个扇形区域内标上数字).游戏规则如下:两人分别同时转动甲、乙转盘,转盘停止后,若指针所指区域内两数和小于12,则李燕获胜;若指针所指区域内两数和等于12,则为平局;若指针所指区域内两数和大于12,则刘凯获胜(若指针停在等分线上,重转一次,直到指针指向某一份内为止).(1)请用列表或画树状图的方法表示出上述游戏中两数和的所有可能的结果;(2)分别求出李燕和刘凯获胜的概率.20.(10分)童星玩具厂工人的工作时间为:每月22天,每天8小时.工资待遇为:按件计酬,多劳多得,每月另加福利工资500元,按月结算.该厂生产A、B两种产品,工人每生产一件A种产品可得报酬1.50元,每生产一件B种产品可得报酬2.80元.该厂工人可以选择A、B两种产品中的一种或两种进行生产.工人小李生产1件A产品和1件B产品需35分钟;生产3件A产品和2件B产品需85分钟.(1)小李生产1件A产品需要分钟,生产1件B产品需要分钟.(2)求小李每月的工资收入范围.21.(12分)某校为了进一步改进本校七年级数学教学,提高学生学习数学的兴趣,校教务处在七年级所有班级中,每班随机抽取了6名学生,并对他们的数学学习情况进行了问卷调查.我们从所调查的题目中,特别把学生对数学学习喜欢程度的回答(喜欢程度分为:“A.非常喜欢”、“B.比较喜欢”、“C.不太喜欢”、“D.很不喜欢”,针对这个题目,问卷时要求每位被调查的学生必须从中选一项且只能选一项)结果进行了统计,现将统计结果绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图.请根据以上提供的信息,解答下列问题:(1)补全上面的条形统计图和扇形统计图;(2)所抽取学生对数学学习喜欢程度的众数是________;(3)若该校七年级共有960名学生,请你估算该年级学生中对数学学习“不太喜欢”的有多少人?22.(12分)关于三角函数有如下的公式:sin(α+β)=sinαcosβ+cosαsinβ①cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ﹣sinαsinβ②tan(α+β)=③利用这些公式可将某些不是特殊角的三角函数转化为特殊角的三角函数来求值,如:tan105°=tan(45°+60°)====﹣(2+).根据上面的知识,你可以选择适当的公式解决下面的实际问题:如图,直升飞机在一建筑物CD上方A点处测得建筑物顶端D点的俯角α=60°,底端C点的俯角β=75°,此时直升飞机与建筑物CD的水平距离BC为42m,求建筑物CD的高.23. (14分)如图,点A在Y轴上,点B在X轴上,且OA=OB=1,经过原点O 的直线L交线段AB于点C,过C作OC的垂线,与直线X=1相交于点P,现将直线L绕O点旋转,使交点C从A向B运动,但C点必须在第一象限内,并记AC 的长为t,分析此图后,对下列问题作出探究:(1)当△AOC和△BCP全等时,求出t的值。

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试数学模拟卷(2)含答案

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试数学模拟卷(2)含答案

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试数学模拟卷二(卷Ⅰ)本卷共计3大题,时间45分钟,满分92分一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,满分40分)1.设a 是实数,则|a |-a 的值·········································( )A .可以是负数B .不可能是负数C .必是正数D .可以是正数也可以是负数 2.下列运算正确的是( )A .2a ×3a =6aB .(x -2)(x -3)=x 2-6C .(x -2)2=x 2-4D .(ab 3)2=a 2b 6 3.一种细菌在放大1000倍的电子显微镜下看到其直径约为1.8毫米,那么用科学记数法表示它的直径约为·······( )A .18×10-7米B .1.8×10-7米C .1.8×10-6米D .1.8×10-5米4.如图是一个几何体的三视图,则这个几何体的侧面积是·····························( ) A .12πcm 2 B .8πcm 2 C .6πcm 2 D .3πcm 25.如图,数轴上表示2、5的对应点分别为C 、B ,点C 是AB 的中点,则点A 表示的数是···············( ) A .- 5 B .2- 5 C .4- 5 D .5-2 6.将一副常规的三角尺按如图方式放置,则图中∠AOB 的度数为·························( ) A .75︒ B .95︒ C .105︒ D .120︒7.一次函数y =kx +b (k ≠0)与反比例函数y =k x(k ≠0)的图象如图,则下列结论中正确的是···············( )A .k >0,b >0B .k >0,b <0C .k <0,b >0D .k <0,b <08.小红、小明在玩“剪子、包袱、锤子”游戏,小红给自己一个规定,一直不出“锤子”.设在一个回合中,小红、小明在胜的概率分别是P 1、P 2,则下列结论正确的是······································( )A .P 1=P 2B .P 1>P 2C .P 1<P 2D .P 1≤P 29.如图,已知菱形ABCD 的对角线AC 、BD 的长分别为6cm 、 8cm ,AE ⊥BC 于点E ,则AE 的长是···········( ) A .53cm B .25cmC .245cmD .485cm10.如图,已知正方形ABCD 的边长为4,E 是BC 边上的一个动点,AE ⊥EF , EF 交DC 于F , 设BE =x ,FC =y ,则当点E 从点B 运动到点C 时,y 关于x 的函数图象是( )A .B .C .D . 二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分) 11.因式分解:a 2-b 2-2b -1= .12.如图,在半径为5,圆心角等于45°的扇形AOB 内部作一个正方形CDEF ,使点C 在OA 上,点D 、E 在OB 上,点F 在AB上,则阴影部分的面积为(结果保留π).13.如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,AB =6,AD =9,∠BAD 的平分线交BC 于E ,交DC 的延长线于F , BG ⊥AE 于G ,BG =42,则△EFC 的周长为________.14.如图,抛物线y =ax 2+bx +c (a ≠0)的对称轴为直线x =1,与x 轴的一个交点坐标为(﹣1,0),其部分图 第9题图 第13题图 第12题图 第10题图第7题图第6题图第5题图第4题图①4ac <b 2; ②当y >0时,x 的取值范围是-1<x <3;③3a +c <0; ④关于x 的方程ax 2+(b -1)x +c =0有两个不相等的实数根; 其中结论正确的序号是 . 三、本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分 15.计算:(12)-2-(2016-π)0-2sin45°+|1-2|16. 学校植物园沿路护栏纹饰部分设计成若干个全等菱形图案,每增加一个菱形图案,纹饰长度就增加d cm ,如图所示.已知每个菱形图案的边长103 cm ,其一个内角为60°.(1)若d =26,则该纹饰要231个菱形图案,求纹饰的长度L ;(2)当d =20时,若保持(1)中纹饰长度不变,则需要多少个这样的菱形图案?四、本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分17.在平面直角坐标系中,已知△ABC 的三个顶点的坐标分别为A (-2,1), B (-1,4), C (-3,,2). (1)在y 轴的左侧,以原点O 为位似中心,将△ABC 放大2倍后得到△A 1B 1C 1, 请在图中画出△A 1B 1C 1,并直接写出C 1点坐标; (2)将△ABC 绕着点O 顺时针旋转90°后得到△A 2B 2C2,请在图中画出△A 2B 2C 2, 并求出线段BC 旋转过程中所扫过的面积(结果保留π).18.某中学团委会为研究该校学生的课余活动情况,采取抽样的方法,从阅读、运动、娱乐、其它等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制了如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题: (1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生? (2)“其它”在扇形图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线图.第14题图2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试数学模拟卷二(卷Ⅱ)本卷共计4大题,时间50分钟,满分58分五、本大题共2小题,每小题10分,满分20分19.如图,马路的两边CF ,DE 互相平行,线段CD 为人行横道,马路两侧的A ,B 两点分别表示车站和超市.CD 与AB 所在直线互相平行,且都与马路两边垂直,马路宽20米,A ,B 相距62米,∠A =67°,∠B =37°. (1)求CD 与AB 之间的距离;(2)某人从车站A 出发,沿折线A →D →C →B 去超市B ,求他沿折线A →D →C →B 到达超市比直接横穿马路多走多少米?( 参考数据:sin 67°≈1213,cos67°≈513,tan67°≈125, )sin 37°≈35,sin 37°≈45,tan37°≈3420.已知:如图,⊙O 是Rt △ABC 的外接圆,∠ABC =90°,点P 是⊙O 外一点,P A 切⊙O 于点A ,且P A =PB . (1)求证:PB 是⊙O 的切线; (2)已知P A =23,BC =2,求⊙O 的半径.六、本大题满分12分21.为了保护环境,某开发区综合治理指挥部决定购买A ,B 两种型号的污水处理设备共10台.已知用90万元购买A 型号的污水处理设备的台数与用75万元购买B 型号的污水处理设备的台数相同,每台设备价格及月处理污水量如下表所示:污水处理设备 A 型 B 型 价格(万元/台) m m -3 月处理污水量(吨/台)220180(1)求m 的值;(2)由于受资金限制,指挥部用于购买污水处理设备的资金不超过165万元,求出每月最多处理污水量的吨数.七、本大题满分12分22.如图,已知抛物线y=ax2+bx+c经过A(﹣3,0),B(1,0),C(0,3)三点,其顶点为D,对称轴是直线l且与x轴交于点H.(1)求该抛物线的解析式;(2)若E是抛物线AD段上的一个动点(E与A、D不重合),设点E的横坐标为m,△ADE的面积为S.①求S与m的函数关系式;②S是否存在最大值?若存在,求出最大值及此时点E的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.八、本大题满分14分23.阅读下列材料,回答问题:(1)提出问题:如图1,在等边△ABC中,点M是边BC上的任意一点(不含端点B、C),联结AM,以AM为边作等边△AMN,联结CN.求证:∠ABC=∠ACN.(2)类比探究:如图2,在等边△ABC中,点M是边BC延长线上的任意一点(不含端点C),其它条件不变,(1)中结论∠ABC=∠ACN 还成立吗?请说明理由.(3)拓展延伸:如图3,在等腰△ABC中,BA=BC,点M是边BC上的任意一点(不含端点B、C),联结AM,以AM为边作等腰△AMN,使顶角∠AMN=∠ABC.联结CN.试探究∠ABC与∠ACN的数量关系,并说明理由.图1 图2 图32018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试数学模拟卷二参考答案一、选择题答案题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案 B D C B C C D A C A二、填空题答案题号11 12 13 14答案(a+b+1)(a-b-1) 58π-328 ①②④三、简答题答案15.答案:2 ;16.答案:(1) 6010 cm ;(2) 300个;17.答案:(1) 图略C1(-6,4) ;(2) π;18.答案:(1) 100 人;(2) 36°;(3) 图略;19.答案:(1) 24米;(2) 24米;20.答案:(1) 证明略;(2) 2 ;21.答案:(1)m=18 ;(2) 最多处理的污水量为2000吨;22.答案:(1) y=x2-2x+3 ;(2) ①S=-m2-4m-3 ②存在最大面积为1,此时点E(-2,3) ;23.答案:(1) 证明略;(2)证明略;(3) 相等,理由略;。

2018年安徽中考冲刺卷语文试题(二)(含详细答案)

2018年安徽中考冲刺卷语文试题(二)(含详细答案)

机密★启用前2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试语文冲刺卷(二)注意事项:1.你拿到的试卷满分为150分(其中卷面分占5分),考试时间为150分钟。

2.试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分。

请务必在“答题卷”上答题,在“试题卷”上答题是无效的。

3.答题过程中,可以随时使用你所带的正版学生字典。

4.考试结束后,请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回。

一、语文积累与综合运用(35分)1.默写古诗文中的名句名篇。

(10分)(1)请在下列横线上填写出古诗文名句。

(任选其中6句,不得多选)(6分)①结庐在人境,。

(陶渊明《饮酒》)②南阳诸葛庐,。

(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)③,直挂云帆济沧海。

(李白《行路难》)④相见时难别亦难,。

(李商隐《无题》)⑤,似曾相识燕归来。

(晏殊《浣溪沙》)⑥,月有阴晴圆缺。

(苏轼《水调歌头》)⑦,山岳潜形。

(范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)⑧?留取丹心照汗青。

(文天祥《过零丁洋》)(2)默写杜甫《望岳》的最后四句。

(4分)2.阅读下面一段文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(9分)诗歌是文学殿堂里一颗cuǐ璨的明珠。

优秀的诗歌可以飞越时间的长河和不同的国度,拔动人们的心弦.。

她如绝美的天籁,拂去尘世的喧嚣;她如千年的佳酿,蕴藏醉人的芳香。

徜徉..其间,我们的情感将在潜移默化中得到熏陶,我们的思想将在孜孜求索中变得深邃。

(1)给加点字注音,根据拼音写出相应的汉字。

(3分)cuǐ()璨心弦.()徜.徉()(2)文中有错别字的一个词是“”,这个词的正确写法是“”。

(2分)(3)文中,“孜孜求索”的“孜孜”的意思为;“深邃”的“邃”意思为。

(2分)(4)画线句子运用了和的修辞手法。

(2分)3.运用课外阅读积累的知识,完成(1)~(2)题。

(4分)(1)下列内容、故事情节和出处搭配错误的一项是()(2分)A.墙角的花!你孤芳自赏时,天地便小了——《繁星·春水》B.邂逅冬妮娅——《钢铁是怎样炼成的》C.瓜地夜刺猹——《朝花夕拾》D.秘逃白公馆——《红岩》(2)“从前有一个妇人,她很想要一个小巧又可爱的孩子。

2018安徽省中考冲刺卷化学试题二

2018安徽省中考冲刺卷化学试题二

1 ㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀ . 化学在生活中应用广泛, 下列过程不属于化学变化的是 ( ㊀㊀) A . 木桌的制造 B . 用洁厕灵清洗厕所 C . 用食醋除去松花蛋的涩味 D . 烧制陶瓷 2 . 下列做法与“ 绿水青山就是金山银山” 的绿色环保理念相符的是 ( ㊀㊀) A . 人走关灯、 少开空调 B . 为了避免感染疾病, 多使用一次性餐具 C . 生活污水随便排入江河中 D . 为了出行方便, 多开私家车 3 . 下列食物中主要为人体提供维生素的是 ( ㊀㊀) A . 米饭 B . 红烧鲤鱼 C . 凉拌黄瓜 D . 红薯粉条 4 . 钙元素是人体必需的常量元素, 在元素周期表中的信息如图所示。下列有 关说法错误的是 ( ㊀㊀) A . 钙元素的原子序数为 2 0 B . 钙元素的相对原子质量为 4 0 0 8g C . 钙元素的核电荷数为 2 0 D . 钙原子在化学反应中容易失去电子 5 . 下列实验操作正确的是 ( ㊀㊀)
A . A s 的化合价为 + 3价 B . 含有一种金属元素 C . 相对分子质量为 1 9 8g D . A s 与 O的元素质量比为 2 ʒ3 8 . 如图是某反应的微观示意图, 图中不同的圆球代表不同的原子。下列叙述正确的是 ( ㊀㊀)


A . 反应前后分子和原子的种类都不变 B . 反应中存在化合价发生变化的元素 C . 反应中“ ” 与“ ” 的数目比为 3 ʒ2 D . 反应后 X分子中含有 3种原子 9 . 下列实验方案可达到实验目的的是
机密★启用前
2 0 1 8年安徽省初中学业水平考试 化学冲刺卷( 二)
题号 得分 1 . 本卷共三大题 1 6小题, 满分 6 0分, 化学与物理的考试时间共 1 2 0分钟。 注意事项: 2 . 可能用到的相对原子质量: H 1 ㊀C 1 2 ㊀O 1 6 ㊀C l 3 5 5 ㊀C a 4 0 ㊀A s 7 5 得分 评卷人 ㊀ 一、 本大题包括 1 0小题, 每小题 2分, 共2 0分。每小题的 4个选项 中只有 1个选项符合题意。 一 二 三 总分 累分人 ㊀ 座位号

最新2018年安徽省中考物理二模试卷及解析

最新2018年安徽省中考物理二模试卷及解析

2018年安徽省中考物理二模试卷学校:__________ 姓名:__________ 班级:__________ 考号:__________注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单选题1.状态一定的某物质的比热容 ( ) A .跟它吸收的热量成正比 B .跟它的质量成反比 C .跟它的温度变化成反比D .是它的特性之一,其大小与上述因素无关 2.关于能量的大小,下列说法中错误的是:( ) A .运动速度越大的物体,动能也越大; B .质量大的物体,动能不一定大; C .质量大的物体,其重力势能不一定大;D .质量越大的物体,被举得越高,其重力势能就越大.3.一个空心球壳总体积为V ,空心部分的容积为V 4.当它漂浮在水面时,有34V 的体积浸没在水中.若将球的空心部分注满水,再将这球放入水中,那么 ( )A .球将沉到水底B .球将在水中悬浮C .球仍漂浮在水中,但露出水面的部分小于总体积的14 D .球仍漂浮在水中,且有14的体积露在水面外 4.瓶盖起子有图(a )(b )两种用法,A 、B 是开盖时起子和瓶盖接触的两点。

在瓶盖和瓶口的接触点中,D 和E 分别是离手最远和最近的两点。

开盖时手对起子施加的力F 作用在G 点,瓶口对瓶盖的阻力可以认为作用于瓶盖的中心C 点(图中没有标出)。

如果瓶盖在打开的过程中没有发生明显的弯折。

则( )A .(a )图支点是A ,(b )图支点是B ,(b )种用法省力 B .(a )图支点是A ,(b )图支点是B ,(a )种用法省力C .(a )(b )两图支点都是B ,(b )种用法省力D .(a )(b )两图支点都是A ,(a )种用法省力5.目前人类发射的探测器已飞出了太阳系,如果探测器所受外力全部消失,那么探测器将................................................................................................................................................ ( ) A .沿原路径返回地球 B .沿原方向做匀速直线运动 C .沿原方向做加速直线运动 D .沿原方向做减速直线运6.一列火车以速度为60km /h 开始刹车进站,若滑行500m 后静止在站内,则滑行过程中火车的平均速度是 ..................................................................................................................... ( ) A .30km /hB .60km /hC .15km /hD .少条件不好判断7.下列哪个例子不能说明力能使物体发生形变:( ) A .射箭运动员箭上弦后将弓拉开; B .一石子在空中加速下落;C .茶杯放在桌上也能使桌子发生形变;D .陨石落地,将地面砸开一个大坑.8.某工厂要配制1.1×103kg/m 3的盐水,配好后检验时用量筒取1000cm 3盐水,称其质量为1200g ,那么这样的盐水与要求相比 ( ) A .合格B .应加适量的盐才合适C .应加适量的水才合格D .无法判断9.下图中实验现象揭示的物理原理或规律与应用技术相对应,其中不正确的一组是( )10.小宁设计了一种照明电路图,其设计要求是用两个开关控制一盏灯,两个开关同时闭合灯才能发光,只无生命其中任意一个开关灯都不能发光。

2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试模拟冲刺卷(二)

2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试模拟冲刺卷(二)

2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试模拟冲刺卷(二)(72分钟90分)注意事项:中考试题中物理化学总分150分,时间120分钟,本试卷只呈现物理部分。

一、填空题(每空2分,共26分)1.“实践十八号”卫星2017年7月2日由“长征五号”发射升空。

当火箭升空时,以固定在火箭上的卫星为参照物,火箭是________的。

【解析】因为以固定在火箭上的卫星为参照物,火箭与卫星之间的位置没有发生变化,所以火箭是静止的。

答案:静止2.湖岸水景是现代人居住的理想环境,如图是一幅水景图片。

在照片上,树木在水中的“倒影”是树木在水面处发生光的________而形成的。

【解析】倒影是水面成像形成的,是由于光的反射。

答案:反射3.安徽地处祖国的中东部,属于内陆地区,春夏秋冬季节非常明显。

偶尔在冬季也会受严寒天气的影响,出现大雾天气。

如图是树木上在大雾中结的冰霜。

这一过程发生的________变化。

【解析】由于极寒天气时,冰霜是由空气中的水蒸气凝华而成的。

答案:凝华4.有A、B两个球,A带负电,B不带电,当用金属导线把两球连接起来的瞬间,导线中电流方向是________(选填“A到B”或“B到A”)。

【解析】电流的方向是正电荷移动的方向,题中是负电子从A到B,所以电流是从B到A。

答案:B到A5.2016年初全国各地普降雨雪,连广东都下雪了,北方的雪更是大,许多青少年都玩起了滑雪运动。

如果滑雪板长1.5m、宽12cm,滑雪者和滑雪板的总质量是72kg,当滑雪者站立在水平雪地上时,滑雪板对雪地的压力是________N,压强为________Pa。

(g取10N/kg)【解析】由于在水平雪地上,滑雪板对雪地的压力大小与滑雪者和滑雪板的总重力大小相等,所以滑雪板对雪地的压力F=72kg×10N/kg=720N,对雪地的压强p===2000Pa。

答案:72020006.加速度是物体运动速度的变化量与所用时间的比。

一辆汽车从速度为20m/s 到静止,共用时8s,这辆汽车的加速度是________m/s2。

2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试物理冲刺卷1-2

2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试物理冲刺卷1-2

液体, 直到细线刚好被拉断为止, 则在细线未拉断前, 细线对木块拉力 F与注入液体质 量 m之间的关系式为 F= ㊀㊀㊀㊀。
% #$ ! !*! "



㊀㊀㊀㊀
第 8题图
&&! ' (! ) 1! 23 % *+!! ,-./0#$
㊀㊀㊀㊀
第 9题图
第1 0题图

9 . 某家庭电能表如图所示。若该家庭只有电吹风工作时, 电能表的转盘在 3m i n内转了 7 5转, 则电吹风机的功率为㊀㊀㊀㊀W。 1 0 . 如图所示电路中, 电源电压恒为 6V , R 2 0Ω , 只闭合开关 S 时, 电流表示数为㊀㊀㊀ A , 1= 、 S , 电流表示数为 0 5A , 则通电 1m i n 电阻 R 。 同时闭合开关 S 1 2 产生的热量为㊀㊀㊀㊀ J 得分 评卷人 ㊀ 二、 选择题( 每小题 3分, 共2 1分; 每小题给出的四个选项中, 只有 一个选项是符合题意的, 请把符合题意的选项序号填入下列表 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 格内, 答案未填入表格的不能得分) 獉獉 獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉獉 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7

( ㊀㊀)
( ㊀㊀)



1 4 . 工人用沿斜面向上的拉力 F把一箱重为 G的货物从斜面底端匀速地拉到斜面顶端, 斜面长为 L , 高为 h , 物体所受阻力为 f , 则斜面的机械效率为 ( ㊀㊀)
一) 【 2 0 1 8年安徽省初中学业水平考试·物理冲刺卷( ㊀ 第㊀ 2页㊀( 共 6页) 】





总分
累分人 ㊀㊀
座位号

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试统一命题物理模拟试卷(二)及其答案

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试统一命题物理模拟试卷(二)及其答案

2018年安徽省初中毕业学业考试统一命题物理模拟试卷(二)注意事项:1.物理试卷共四大题23小题,满分90分。

物理与化学的考试时间共120分钟。

2.试卷包括试题卷(4页)和答题卷(4页)两部分。

请务必在答题卷上答题,在试题卷上答题时无效的。

3.考试结束后,请将试题卷和答题卷一并交回。

一、填空题(每空2分,共26分)1. 声音在15℃的空气中传播速度是340m/s,在真空中传播速度是 m/s,2. 现有如下四个光现象的实例:(1)阳光透过树叶间的缝隙射到地面上,形成了光斑;(2)游泳池注水后,看上去好像变浅了;(3)在平静的湖面上可以看到蓝天白云;(4)太阳光经过三棱镜后可以产生彩色光带。

其中能用光的直线传播规律解释的是_______(填序号)。

3. 用手拍桌子,手感觉疼,说明力的作用是.同学们下楼时不能拥挤走得太快,否则前面的同学意外停下来,后面的同学由于会继续前进,容易发生踩踏事故.4.某人在眼镜店所陪的眼睛是+200度,它是眼镜片(选填“近视”或“远视”).站在山下用相机拍摄山上的“革命烈士纪念塔”,如果所用相机的镜头焦距是50mm,则胶片到镜头的距离范围是.5.如图所示,将一把薄木尺的长度用多层报纸紧密地覆盖在水平桌面上,已知报纸的上表面积为0.25m2,则大气对报纸上表面的压力为N;在木尺右端快速施加竖直向下的力F,要将报纸掀开,则力F至少为N(假设报纸对木尺的压力全部作用在木尺的最左端,大气压取1.0×105pa,报纸和薄木尺的重力忽略不计).6. 截止到2016年,全球处于使用状态的汽车数量已突破10亿辆以上。

每辆汽车每年耗油1. 8t,这些汽油完全燃烧放出的热量为 J(q汽油=4.6×107J/kg)。

7. 如图所示电路中,当闭合开关后,两个电压表的指针均为图乙所示,则电阻R1两端得到电压为V.7题图8. “低碳环保”是当今世界的主题,太阳能已被人们广泛利用。

太阳能来自于太阳内部的(选填“核裂变”或“核聚变”),太阳发出的光以 km/s的速度向周围空间传播(不计空气的影响)。

安徽省2018年中考语文第二次模拟试卷

安徽省2018年中考语文第二次模拟试卷

安徽省2018年初中学业毕业和高中招生考试二模训练语文试卷注意事项1、你拿到的试卷满分为150分,(其中卷面分占5分),考试时间为150分钟。

2、试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分,“试题卷”共4页,“答题卷”共4页,请务必在“答题卷”上答题,在“试题卷”上答题是无效的。

3、答题过程中,可以随时使用你所带的正版学生字典。

4、考试结束后,请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回。

一、语文积累与综合运用(35分)1.默写古诗文中的名句名篇。

(10分)(1)补写出下列名句中的上句或下句。

(任选其中6句)①予独爱莲之__________________,濯清涟而不妖。

(周敦颐《爱莲说》)②关关雎鸠,______________。

(《诗经•关雎》)③海内存知己,__________________。

(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)④几处早莺争暖树,______________。

(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)⑤商女不知亡国恨,__________________。

(杜牧《泊秦淮》)⑥ __________________,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜!(杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)⑦ __________________,弓如霹雳弦惊。

(辛弃疾《破阵子•为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》)⑧皎洁的月亮往往引人遐想,令人动情。

豁达的苏轼望月感怀,思索人生,悟出了“__________________ , __________________”的哲理。

(2)默写王湾《次北固山下》后四句。

,。

,。

2.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(9分)风儿轻拂着柳枝阳光悠悠地踱着步子啊,春日的庭院宁静,又富有情至她在花圃里指点修剪我在树荫间读书xiá思时光不知不觉流shì心灵自然而然充实啊,两个人的春日平淡,又美妙如诗(高志坚《春日随笔》)(1)根据拼音写出相应的汉字,给加点字注音。

(3分)轻拂()xiá()思流shì()(2)诗句中有错别字的一个词是“”这个词的正确写法是“”。

安徽省2018年初中毕业考试模拟冲刺卷(2)(带答案解析)

安徽省2018年初中毕业考试模拟冲刺卷(2)(带答案解析)

八、(本题满分 14 分) 23.在△ABC 中,AB=BC=2,∠ABC=120°,将△ABC 绕点 B 顺时针旋转角α(0°<α <90°)得△A1BC1,A1B 交 AC 于点 E,A1C1 分别交 AC,BC 于 D,F 两点. (1)如图 1,观察并猜想,在旋转过程中,线段 EA1 与 FC 有怎样的数量关系?并证明 你的结论. (2)如图 2,当α=30°时,试判断四边形 BC1DA 的形状,并说明理由. (3)在(2)的情况下,求 ED 的长.
【解析】设灯柱 BC 的长为 hm,作 AH⊥CD 于点 H,作 BE⊥AH 于点 E.
∴四边形 BCHE 为矩形. ∵∠ABC=120°,∴∠ABE=30°. 又∵∠BAD=∠BCD=90°,∴∠ADC=60°.
在 Rt△AEB 中, ∴AE=ABsin30°=1,BE=ABcos30°= .∴CH= . 又∵CD=12,∴DH=12- . 在 Rt△AHD 中,
C.a3-4a2=a2(a-4) D.1-4x2=(1+4x)(1-4x) 【解析】选 C.A、原式不能分解,错误; B、原式不能分解,错误; C、原式=a2(a-4),正确; D、原式=(1+2x)(1-2x),错误. 5.某校对初中学生开展的四项课外活动进行了一次抽样调查(每人只参加其中 的一项活动),调查结果如图所示,根据图形所提供的样本数据,可得学生参加科 技活动的频率是 ( )
七、(本题满分 12 分) 22.抛物线 y=-x2+(m-1)x+m 与 y 轴交于(0,3)点. (1)求出 m 的值并画出这条抛物线. (2)求它与 x 轴的交点和抛物线顶点的坐标. (3)x 取什么值时,抛物线在 x 轴上方? (4)x 取什么值时,y 的值随 x 值的增大而减小?

安徽省合肥市2018届毕业班第二次中考模拟测试 数学试题(word版附答案)

安徽省合肥市2018届毕业班第二次中考模拟测试 数学试题(word版附答案)

安徽省合肥市2018届毕业班第二次中考模拟测试数学试题(word版附答案)Anhui Province Hefei City 2018 r ___Mathematics TestScorer:Part 1: Multiple Choice (10 ns。

4 points each。

total 40 points)1.Which of the following figures is ___?2.The total investment in the n of Phase III n project of Ningbo Lishe nal Airport is 8.45 n yuan。

which can be ___: A。

0.845 x 10^10 yuan B。

84.5 x 10^8 yuan C。

8.45 x 10^9 yuan D。

8.45 x 10^10 yuan3.The cube root of 64 is:A。

4 B。

8 C。

±4 D。

±84.Which of the following ns is correct?A。

2x2²2xy=4x3y4 B。

3x2y-5xy2=-2x2y C。

x-1÷x-2=x-1 D。

(-3a-2)(-3a+2)=9a2-45.As shown in the figure。

the plan view of the solid ___:6.As shown in the figure。

in triangle ABC。

AB=AC。

BC=6.the perimeter of triangle DEF is 7.AF is perpendicular to BC at point F。

BE is perpendicular to AC at point E。

and D is the midpoint of AB。

The length of AF is:A。

2018年安徽省中考英语冲刺试卷(二)(解析版)

2018年安徽省中考英语冲刺试卷(二)(解析版)

2018年安徽省中考英语冲刺试卷(二)一、听力(满分30分)1.(1分)A.plantingB.paintingC.planning2.(1分)A.tellB.spellC.smell3.(1分)A.passB.passedC.past4.(1分)A.lonelyB.livelyC.lovely5.(1分)A.walk awayB.put awayC.get away6.(1分)What will Bill get for his birthday?7.(1分)How did Lucy go to Beijing?8.(1分)What is Lucy good at?9.(1分)What does the man often drink when he is thirsty?10.(1分)Whom should the woman ask for help?11.(1分)How often does Bob do sports?A.Four or five times a week.B.Four times a week.C.Five times a week.12.(1分)Why does the man refuse to eat fish?A.Because he has to leave.B.Because the fish is not delicious.C.Because he is full.13.(1分)How much time does Jane spend on her hobbies now?A.About two hours.B.About an hour.C.About half an hour.14.(1分)What does the man mean?A.They don't know where the game will be.B.The team won't win at all.C.The game is too cheap.15.(1分)Where can this dialogue probably happen?A.In the shop.B.At the airport.C.In the hotel.16.(2分)(1)What is Li Hua?A.A teacher.B.A student.C.A worker.(2)How does Li Hua spend his spare time?A.Playing computer games.B.Helping others.C.Having lessons.17.(3分)听第二段对话,回答第18﹣20题.(1)When will they go to see the movie?A.This month.B.Tomorrow.C.Tonight.(2)How long will the film be shown?A.For a week.B.For half a week.C.For a moth(3)How much will they pay for the movie tickets?A.100 Yuan.B.150 Yuan.C.200 Yuan.18.(5分)(1)Where did Bob's parents go that night?A.They went to a supermarket.B.They went to see a friend.C.They went to see a movie.(2)When did Bob smell anything bad?A.Just before his parents left.B.When he was reading a magazine.C.When he was doing homework.(3)What did Bob first want to do when he smelt something bad?A.To leave the house.B.To call the firemen.C.To call his parents.(4)What did Bob do after he called the firemen?A.He ran out quickly.B.He telephoned his parents.C.He went to put away his things.(5)How soon did the fire go out after the firemen came?A.In a few seconds.B.In ten minutes.C.In half an hour.19.(5分)二、单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项.20.(1分)﹣I'm going to meet an important client.Please wait for me here.﹣.()A.See you later B.You're welcomeC.Pleased to meet you all D.You have a point there21.(1分)Dennis had a good _______ when travelling around European countries.()A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time22.(1分)Frank has three brothers._______of them likes chocolate,but he loves it.()A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any23.(1分)When the business company _____ in 1900,few people were interested in doing business,()A.is founded B.was founded C.is found D.was found24.(1分)Helen's performance in schooling is getting____.As a result,she is often praised by her teachers,()A.older B.poorer C.greater D.better25.(1分)Many art works are____ ,and it's a good chance for us to appreciate them.()A.on duty B.on show C.in order D.in danger26.(1分)Look at the sign here.It says parking ______ be allowed here.()A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't27.(1分)﹣Look at the mysterious cottage! Do you know____it was built?()A.when B.if C.where D.why28.(1分)Watch out! You will just have to be____until you reach the other side of this river.()A.active B.careful C.patient D.famous29.(1分)For our own health____,it's important to the way we choose to live now.()A.follow B.change C.make D.break30.(1分)I saw Sam and David in the playground a few minutes ago.They____games with their classmates very soon.()A.play B.will play C.are playing D.were playing31.(1分)When we are in trouble,we should _____ our friends for some help.()A.turn to B.sell out C.burn off D.put on32.(1分)____ ,more and more robots will do manual work instead of human beings.()A.Secretly B.SuddenlyC.Quickly D.Traditionally33.(1分)Our world will get worse and worse each of us lives a greener life.()A.before B.if C.though D.unless34.(1分)﹣Thank you for inviting me to your party.﹣____.()A.No way B.My pleasureC.I'm afraid not D.That's true.三、完形填空(共2小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.35.(15分)Charlie came from a poor village.His parents had (1)money to send him to school when he was young.The boy was very sad.Mr.King lived next to him.He found the boy(2)and had pity on him and lent some money to him.So the boy could go to school.He studied hard and (3)all his lessons.When he finished middle school,the man introduced him to his friend in the town.And he began to work.Once Mr.King was seriously hurt in an accident.Dying,he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter,Sharon.The young man (4)and several years later he married the girl.He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy.He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her.He was good at cooking and he cooked (5)for her.So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk.And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart.Her husband wasn't at home and she had to go to(6)at once.The doctors looked her over and told her (7)eat meat,sugar,chocolate and things like these.She was afraid (8)the doctor's words and wrote all thenames of the food on the paper.When she got home,she put the list on the table and (9).When she returned home that afternoon,she found many kinds of food:meat,sugar and chocolate in the kitchen.Charlie was busy(10)there.As soon as he saw her,he said happily,"I've bought all the food you like,dear!"1.A.no B.some C.much D.enough 2.A.lazy B.clever C.careful D.hard 3.A.did well in B.was poor at C.was working D.was good for 4.A.was angry B.thought hard C.agreed D.said "No." 5.A.a little B.a few C.many D.a lot 6.A.rest B.sleep C.hospital D.work 7.A.should B.would C.to D.not to 8.A.to remember B.to forget C.to catch D.to teach 9.A.slept B.went out C.cooked D.ate 10.A.reading B.seeing C.cooking D.writing 36.(15分)Farley worked for the Canadian government.One day,he was (1)to learn more about wolves.Do wolves kill lots of caribou(北美驯鹿)?Do they kill people?They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns.Then they put him on a plane and took him to (2).The plane put him down and went away.There were no houses or people in this place.But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.People tell terrible stories about wolves.They say wolves like to kill and eat people.Farley remembered these stories,and he was (3).He had his gun with him (4).Then one day,he saw a group of wolves.There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves.A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.Farley watched these wolves every day.The mother was a very (5)mother.She gave milk to her babies.She gave them lessons about life.They learned how to (6)food.The father wolf got food for the mother.The young wolf(7)the children.They were a nice,happy family﹣﹣wolf family!Farley did not need his (8)any more.In a short time,he got on well with the family.Farley watched them for five months.He learned that many stories about the wolves were (9).Wolves do not eat people,and they do not eat many large animals.And he also learned bad things about men.It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.Later,Farley wrote a book about wolves.He wanted people to (10)them and not to kill them.1.A.seen B.told C.heard D.found2.A.a small town B.a big city C.a far place D.a lonely village 3.A.afraid B.happy C.angry D.tired4.A.at times B.all the time C.once a week D.every afternoon 5.A.bad B.good C.hungry D.thirsty 6.A.cook B.make C.get D.pick 7.A.shouted at B.looked into C.laughed at D.played with 8.A.food B.clothes C.gun D.plane 9.A.not good B.not true C.not easy D.not dear 10.A.grow B.have C.teach D.understand.四、补全对话(共1小题:每小题5分,满分5分)根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项.37.(5分)Kate:Good moming,Jack.(1)Jack:Oh no!Kate:What do you mean,"Oh no"?Jack:I think I left it﹣﹣on the kitchen table!1 was hurrying because l was late.Kate:(2)Jack:I'm very sorry!Kate:Well,it doesn't matter.(3)But can you bring it tomorrow?Jack:Yes,OK.I'm sorry!Kate:It's all right.See you tomorrow.…Oh,Jack,What's the matter?(4).Jack:Well,I remember your book isn't at home.I think I left it on the bus! Kate:Oh,my god!(5).A.You lost it!B.You look strange.C.I can share with Judy in class.D.Biology is my favorite subject.E.Have you got my biology book?F.Do you think it is in your schoolbag?G.But I've got a biology lesson this afternoon!五、阅读理解(共4小题:每小题10分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.38.(10分)Alfred Nobel,the great Swedish inventor and industrialist,was born in Stockholm on October 21,1833,but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842,where his father,Immanuel,made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry.Immanuel Nobel invented landmine and made a lot of money from the government during the Crimean War,but went bankrupt soon after.Then,the family returned to Sweden in 1859,where Alfred began his own study of explosives in his father's lab.He had never been to school or university but had taught himself,and by the time he was twenty,he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist,speaking Swedish,Russian,German,French and English.He built up over 80companies in 20different countries.He was always searching for a meaning to life.He spent much time and money working on how to end the wars,and the peace between nations,until his death in Italy in 1896.His famous last will,in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics,chemistry,physiology,medicine,literature and peace,is a memorial to his interests and ideas.And so,the man is remembered and respected long after his death.(1)Where was Alfred Nobel born?He was born in.A.SwedenB.StockholmC.RussiaD.Moscow(2)What did Immanuel Nobel invented during the Crimean War?A.The engineering industry.B.A strong position.C.Landmine.D.Study of explosives.(3)Why did Alfred Nobel return to Sweden ?Because his father.A.went bankruptB.was put in prisonC.was illD.died(4)How many companies did Alfred Nobel build up?He built up companies in different countries.A.20B.40C.60D.80(5)What was Alfred Nobel always searing for?.A.More time and more moneyB.A meaning to lifeC.How to end the warD.The peace between nations39.(10分)Linda Evans was my best friend﹣like the sister I never had.We did everything together:piano lessons,movies,swimming,horseback riding.When I was 13,my family moved away.Linda and I kept in touch through letters,and we saw each other on special time﹣like my wedding (婚礼)and Linda's.Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes,and we wrote less often.One day a card that I sent came back,stamped"Address (地址)Unknown."I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years,I missed Linda very much.I wanted to share (分享)happiness of my children and then grandchildren.And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman﹣Linda's married name."There must be thousands of Wagmans,"I thought,but J still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter."Mrs Tobin!"she said excitedly,"Linda Evans Wagman is my mother."Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much,even after 40years,laughed and cried and caught up on each other's lives.Now the empty place in my heart is filled.And there's one thing that Linda and I know for sure:We won't lose each other again!(1)The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans.A.at the age of 13B.before she got marriedC.after they moved to new homesD.before the writer's family moved away(2)They didn't often write to each other because they.A.got marriedB.had little time to do soC.didn't like writing lettersD.could see each other on special time(3)There was an empty place in the writer's heart because she.A.was in troubleB.didn't know Linda's addressC.received the card that she sentD.didn't have a friend like Linda to share her happiness or sadness(4)The writer was happy when she.A.read the newspaperB.heard Linda's voice on the phoneC.met a young woman who looked a lot like LindaD.wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman(5)They haven't kept in touch.A.for about 40yearsB.for about 27yearsC.since they got marriedD.since the writer's family moved away.40.(10分)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories,destroying fourteen homes.Seven others were so badly damaged (破坏)that their owners had to leave them,and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs.One person was killed,several were badly hurt and taken to hospital,and a number of other people received smaller hurt.Altogether (总共)over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.A farmer,Mr.Tan,said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour."I was eating with my wife and children,"he said,"when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing.I went back inside and found him,safe but very frightened."Mrs.Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt thather house was moving.She ran outside at once with her children."There was no time to take anything,"she said,"A few minutes later,the roof came down."Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded (水淹的)area and the welfare department (福利机构)brought them food,clothes andshelter.(1)How many homes altogether were damaged in the storm?A.Fourteen.B.Twenty﹣one.C.Twenty﹣nine.D.Thirty﹣six.(2)Where was Mr.Tan when the storm first began?A.He was in bed.B.He was inside the house.C.He was outside the house.D.He was on the roof.(3)Mrs.Woo and her family didn't get hurt because.A.her husband knew there would be a stormB.they were all outside the house when the storm became worseC.she felt the house moving and they ran out immediatelyD.the welfare department helped her(4)The underlined word"shelter"in the last paragraph means.A.something to eatB.something to wearC.somewhere to studyD.somewhere to stay(5)Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?A.A Terrible StormB.A Lucky WomanC.Good SoldiersD.Clever People.41.(10分)Little Tommy was doing very badly in math.His parents had tried everything﹣tutors (家庭教师),cards,special learning centers﹣in short,everything they could think of.Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的)school.After the first day,little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face.He didn't kiss his mother hello.Instead,he went straight to his room and started studying.Books and papers were spread (铺开)out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work.His mother was surprised.She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating,he went back to his room,without a word.In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before.This went on for some time,day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.Finally,little Tommy brought home his report card.He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books.His mom looked at it and to her surprise,little Tommy got an A in math.She could no longer hold her curiosity (好奇心).She went to his room and asked,"Son,what was it?Was it the nuns (修女)?"Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head,"No.""Well then," she asked again."WHAT was it?"Little Tommy looked at her and said,"Well,on the first day of school,when I saw that man nailed (钉)to the plus sign (加号),I knew they weren't joking."(1)Why did Tommy's parents send him to a catholic school?A.Because he could eat well there.B.Because he could earn more about nuns.C.Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math.D.Because his parents didn't want him to learn math any more.(2)Tommy's mother felt surprised that his son.A.was still the same as usualB.ate so much at dinnerC.kissed her hello after schoolD.worked hard but said little(3)"Hitting the books" means "" in Chinese.A.用功B.捶书C.发泄D.振作(4)The last sentence in the passage shows that.A.Tommy felt sorry for the mailB.Tommy was afraid of being nailedC.Tommy didn't like the plus signD.Tommy liked playing jokes on others(5)From the passage,we can infer (推断)that.A.teachers should be strict with their studentsB.mistaking (误解)might do good sometimesC.a catholic school is much better than other onesD.nuns are good at helping children with their math六、单词拼写(共5小题:每小题1分,满分5分)根据首字母及汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确,语言通顺.42.(1分)World Environment Day is on the(five)of June.43.(1分)What a(sun)day!Let's go hiking.44.(1分)China became the second(large)movie market in the world,behind the US.45.(1分)We often ask(us)how we can do more for our country.46.(1分)What do you think is the greatest(invent)of the twentieth century?七、书面表达(共1小题:满分25分)47.(25分)三年的初中生活,你对自己的表现一定有满意的方面和不满意的方面.假如你是林微,请参照以下提示,给你的学弟学妹们用英语写一篇毕业留言,希望对们有所帮助.注意:1、参照提示适当发挥;2、文中不得出现真实的地名、校名、人名;3、词数80词左右(开头和结尾部分已给出,不计入总词数).2018年安徽省中考英语冲刺试卷(二)参考答案与试题解析一、听力(满分30分)1.(1分)A.plantingB.paintingC.planning【解答】略2.(1分)A.tellB.spellC.smell【解答】略3.(1分)A.passB.passedC.past【解答】略4.(1分)A.lonelyB.livelyC.lovely【解答】略5.(1分)A.walk awayB.put awayC.get away【解答】略6.(1分)What will Bill get for his birthday?【解答】略7.(1分)How did Lucy go to Beijing?【解答】略8.(1分)What is Lucy good at?【解答】略9.(1分)What does the man often drink when he is thirsty?【解答】略10.(1分)Whom should the woman ask for help?【解答】略11.(1分)How often does Bob do sports?A.Four or five times a week.B.Four times a week.C.Five times a week.【解答】A12.(1分)Why does the man refuse to eat fish?A.Because he has to leave.B.Because the fish is not delicious.C.Because he is full.【解答】C13.(1分)How much time does Jane spend on her hobbies now?A.About two hours.B.About an hour.C.About half an hour.【解答】C14.(1分)What does the man mean?A.They don't know where the game will be.B.The team won't win at all.C.The game is too cheap.【解答】略15.(1分)Where can this dialogue probably happen?A.In the shop.B.At the airport.C.In the hotel.【解答】略16.(2分)(1)What is Li Hua?A.A teacher.B.A student.C.A worker.(2)How does Li Hua spend his spare time?A.Playing computer games.B.Helping others.C.Having lessons.【解答】略17.(3分)听第二段对话,回答第18﹣20题.(1)When will they go to see the movie?A.This month.B.Tomorrow.C.Tonight.(2)How long will the film be shown?A.For a week.B.For half a week.C.For a moth(3)How much will they pay for the movie tickets?A.100 Yuan.B.150 Yuan.C.200 Yuan.【解答】18.B19.A20.C18.(5分)(1)Where did Bob's parents go that night?A.They went to a supermarket.B.They went to see a friend.C.They went to see a movie.(2)When did Bob smell anything bad?A.Just before his parents left.B.When he was reading a magazine.C.When he was doing homework.(3)What did Bob first want to do when he smelt something bad?A.To leave the house.B.To call the firemen.C.To call his parents.(4)What did Bob do after he called the firemen?A.He ran out quickly.B.He telephoned his parents.C.He went to put away his things.(5)How soon did the fire go out after the firemen came?A.In a few seconds.B.In ten minutes.C.In half an hour.【解答】略19.(5分)【解答】略二、单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项.20.(1分)﹣I'm going to meet an important client.Please wait for me here.﹣.()A.See you later B.You're welcomeC.Pleased to meet you all D.You have a point there【解答】选项A意为:再见,选项B意为:不客气,选项C意为:很高兴见到你们,选项D意为:你说的有道理.根据上一句:我要去见一位重要客户,请在这儿等我,此处应该是:再见.故选:A.21.(1分)Dennis had a good _______ when travelling around European countries.()A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time【解答】首先明确选项中每个单词意思,A:睡眠;B:想法;C:声音;D:时间;根据题干结合when travelling around European countries.推测设空处句子的句意是"Dennis环游欧洲各国的时候玩得很开心" " 玩的开心"是have a good time.故选:D.22.(1分)Frank has three brothers._______of them likes chocolate,but he loves it.()A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any【解答】考查不定代词.A(两者)都不.B(三个或以上)都不.C每个.D任何.结合语境"弗兰克有三个兄弟,他们___喜欢巧克力,但他喜欢巧克力.".可知,应该是"都不".(三个或以上)都不,用none of.故选:B.23.(1分)When the business company _____ in 1900,few people were interested in doing business,()A.is founded B.was founded C.is found D.was found【解答】根据When the business company _____ in 1900.可知这句话的主语是the business company ,是动作的承受者,它和动词give构成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态.根据时间状语in 1900.可知应该用一般过去时的被动语态.一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词.主语是the business company ,所以应该是was founded.故选:B.24.(1分)Helen's performance in schooling is getting____.As a result,she is often praised by her teachers,()A.older B.poorer C.greater D.better【解答】从As a result,she is often praised by her teachers可以判断她在学校的表现变得更好了,better,比较级形式,更好.故选:D.25.(1分)Many art works are____ ,and it's a good chance for us to appreciate them.()A.on duty B.on show C.in order D.in danger【解答】从and it's a good chance for us to appreciate them,判断前面说的是许多艺术作品在展出,on show表示展览,展出.故选:B.26.(1分)Look at the sign here.It says parking ______ be allowed here.()A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't【解答】考查情态动词.A不必.B不允许.C不可能.D不应该.结合语境"看这儿的牌子,上面写着__停车.".可知,应该是"不允许".故选:B.27.(1分)﹣Look at the mysterious cottage! Do you know____it was built?()A.when B.if C.where D.why【解答】选项A意为:什么时候,选项B意为:是否,选项C意为:在哪里.选项D意为:为什么.结合句意:看那神秘的小屋!你知道它是什么时候建成的吗.故选:A.28.(1分)Watch out! You will just have to be____until you reach the other side of this river.()A.active B.careful C.patient D.famous【解答】考查形容词.A积极的.B仔细的.C有耐性的.D有名的.结合语境"当心!你必须___,直到你到达这条河的另一边.".be careful小心.固定搭配.故选:B.29.(1分)For our own health____,it's important to the way we choose to live now.()A.follow B.change C.make D.break【解答】考查动词.A跟随.B改变.C使让.D打破.结合语境"为了我们自身的健康___,我们现在选择生活的方式很重要.".可知,应该是"改变".故选:B.30.(1分)I saw Sam and David in the playground a few minutes ago.They____games with their classmates very soon.()A.play B.will play C.are playing D.were playing【解答】从soon判断句子时态应该是一般将来时.构成will+动词原形.故选:B.31.(1分)When we are in trouble,we should _____ our friends for some help.()A.turn to B.sell out C.burn off D.put on【解答】选项A意为:求助于,选项B意为:卖完,选项C意为:烧掉.选项D 意为:穿上.结合句意:当我们遇到困难时,我们应该求助于朋友.故选:A.32.(1分)____ ,more and more robots will do manual work instead of human beings.()A.Secretly B.SuddenlyC.Quickly D.Traditionally【解答】考查副词.A秘密地.B突然.C快地、很快.D传统上的.结合语境"__,越来越多的机器人将代替人类从事体力劳动.".可知,应该是"很快".故选:C.33.(1分)Our world will get worse and worse each of us lives a greener life.()A.before B.if C.though D.unless【解答】选项A意为:在……之前,选项B意为:如果,选项C意为:虽然.选项D意为:除非.结合句意:除非我们每个人都过一种更环保的生活,否则我们的世界将会变得越来越糟.故选:D.34.(1分)﹣Thank you for inviting me to your party.﹣____.()A.No way B.My pleasureC.I'm afraid not D.That's true.【解答】选项A意为:没门,选项B意为:不客气,选项C意为:恐怕不行,选项D意为:那是正确的.根据上一句:感谢你来我的聚会,此处应该是:不客气.故选:B.三、完形填空(共2小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.35.(15分)Charlie came from a poor village.His parents had (1)money to send him to school when he was young.The boy was very sad.Mr.King lived next to him.He found the boy(2)and had pity on him and lent some money to him.So the boy could go to school.He studied hard and (3)all his lessons.When he finished middle school,the man introduced him to his friend in the town.And he began to work.Once Mr.King was seriously hurt in an accident.Dying,he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter,Sharon.The young man (4)and several years later he married the girl.He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy.He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her.He was good at cooking and he cooked (5)for her.So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk.And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart.Her husband wasn't at home and she had to go to(6)at once.The doctors looked her over and told her (7)eat meat,sugar,chocolate and things like these.She was afraid (8)the doctor's words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper.When she got home,she put the list on the table and (9).When she returned home that afternoon,she found many kinds of food:meat,sugar and chocolate in the kitchen.Charlie was busy(10)there.As soon as he saw her,he said happily,"I've bought all the food you like,dear!"1.A.no B.some C.much D.enough 2.A.lazy B.clever C.careful D.hard 3.A.did well in B.was poor at C.was working D.was good for 4.A.was angry B.thought hard C.agreed D.said "No." 5.A.a little B.a few C.many D.a lot 6.A.rest B.sleep C.hospital D.work 7.A.should B.would C.to D.not to8.A.to remember B.to forget C.to catch D.to teach 9.A.slept B.went out C.cooked D.ate 10.A.reading B.seeing C.cooking D.writing【解答】1.A,考查副词.A.no 不B.some一些C.much很多D.enough 足够,根据短文"Charlie came from a poor village"的描述可知,查理家境贫困,由此推测父母没有钱资助他上学,故选A.2.B,考查形容词.A.lazy懒惰的B.clever聪明的C.careful仔细的D.hard 努力的,根据下文"had pity on him"邻居觉得可惜,由此推测他应该是很聪明,不上学觉得可惜,故选B.3.A,考查动词短语.A.did well in在…表现好B.was poor a不擅长t C.was working 正在工作D.was good for对…有好处,根据文中提到"He studied hard"查理学习刻苦,并顺利完成了学业,说明他各门功课成绩较好,故选A.4.C,考查动词.A.was angry 生气B.thought hard有困难C.agreed同意D.said"No"说不,根据下文"several years later he married the girl"查理娶了金先生女儿为妻并精心呵护她,说明查理同意了金先生的请求,故选C.5.D,考查不定代词.A.a little 很少B.a few一些C.many很多D.a lot许多,根据上下文,"He was good at cooking"擅长烹饪,妻子又胖得不能走路,说明他为她做了很多好吃的食物.分析句子含义,此处应该是做了很多事物,由于是不可数名词,所以用a lot,故选D.6.C,考查名词.A,rest:休息,B,sleep:睡觉,C,hospital:医院,D,work:工作.根据文中提到"And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart"突然发现心脏不好,所以应该去医院检查.根据语境,故选C.7.D,考查动词.A.should应当B.would将要C.to到…D.not to不,根据前文提到"So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk"由于自己很胖了,所以医生的建议应该是让她不要吃肉、糖果之类的食物.故选D.8.B,考查动词.A,remember:记得,B,forget:忘记,C,catch:抓住,D,teach:教.根据文中提到"wrote all the names of the food on the paper"将医生说的食物写在纸上,所以推测应该是怕忘了医生说的话,结合语境可知,应选B.9.B,考查动词.A,slept:睡觉,B,went out:出去,C,cooked:做饭,D,ate吃.根据下文When she returned home that afternoon(她下午回家的时候)的描述可知,她是把纸放在桌面上然后出去了.结合语境,故选B.10.C,考查动词.A,reading:看书,B,seeing:看(某物),C,cooking:做饭,D,Writing:写(东西).擅长烹饪的查理将菜买回之后,肯定要忙着为爱妻做饭.根据语境应选C.36.(15分)Farley worked for the Canadian government.One day,he was (1)B to learn more about wolves.Do wolves kill lots of caribou(北美驯鹿)?Do they kill people?They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns.Then they put him on a plane and took him to (2)C.The plane put him down and went away.There were no houses or people in this place.But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.People tell terrible stories about wolves.They say wolves like to kill and eat people.Farley remembered these stories,and he was (3)A.He had his gun with him (4)B.Then one day,he saw a group of wolves.There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves.A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.Farley watched these wolves every day.The mother was a very (5)B mother.She gave milk to her babies.She gave them lessons about life.They learned how to (6)C food.The father wolf got food for the mother.The young wolf (7)D the children.They were a nice,happy family﹣﹣wolf family!Farley did not need his (8)C any more.In a short time,he got on well with the family.Farley watched them for five months.He learned that many stories about the wolves were (9)B.Wolves do not eat people,and they do not eat many large animals.And he also learned bad things about men.It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.Later,Farley wrote a book about wolves.He wanted people to (10)D them and not to kill them.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

温馨提示:此套题为Word版,请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴,调节合适的观看比例,答案解析附后。

关闭Word文档返回原板块。

2018年安徽初中毕业考试模拟冲刺卷(二)(120分钟150分)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,满分40分)1.计算(-2)2-3的值是()A.1B.2C.-1D.-2【解析】选A.(-2)2-3=4-3=1.2.计算(-ab2)3÷(-ab)2的结果是()A.ab4B.-ab4C.ab3D.-ab3【解析】选B.(-ab2)3÷(-ab)2=-a3b6÷a2b2=-ab4.3.如图,是由两个相同的小正方体和一个圆锥体组成的立体图形,其俯视图是()【解析】选C.从上面看,圆锥看见的是:圆和点,两个正方体看见的是两个正方形.4.下列因式分解正确的是()A.x2+9=(x+3)2B.a2+2a+4=(a+2)2C.a3-4a2=a2(a-4)D.1-4x2=(1+4x)(1-4x)【解析】选C.A、原式不能分解,错误;B、原式不能分解,错误;C、原式=a2(a-4),正确;D、原式=(1+2x)(1-2x),错误.5.某校对初中学生开展的四项课外活动进行了一次抽样调查(每人只参加其中的一项活动),调查结果如图所示,根据图形所提供的样本数据,可得学生参加科技活动的频率是()A.0.15B.0.2C.0.25D.0.3【解析】选B.读图可知:共有(15+30+20+35)=100人,参加科技活动的频数是20.故参加科技活动的频率是0.2.6.已知a,b为两个连续的整数,且a<<b,则a+b的值为()A.7B.8C.9D.10【解析】选A.∵9<11<16,∴3<<4.又∵a<<b,且a,b为两个连续的整数,∴a=3,b=4,∴a+b=3+4=7.7.已知a-2b=-2,则4-2a+4b的值是()A.0B.2C.4D.8【解析】选D.a-2b=-2,代入4-2a+4b得,4-2(a-2b)=4-2×(-2)=8.8.如图,在△ABC中,AD是BC边的中线,∠ADC=30°,将△ADC沿AD折叠,使C点落在C′的位置,若BC=4,则BC′的长为()A.2B.2C.4D.3【解析】选A.∵BD=DC=2,∠ADC=30°,∴∠C′DA=∠ADC=30°,∴∠BDC′=120°,BD=DC′=2.∴BC′=2=2.9.如图,菱形ABCD的边长为2,∠B=30°.动点P从点B出发,沿B-C-D的路线向点D运动.设△ABP的面积为y(B,P两点重合时,△ABP的面积可以看做0),点P运动的路程为x,则y与x之间函数关系的图象大致为()【解析】选 C.当点P在BC上运动时,如图1,△ABP的高PE=BPsinB=xsin30°=x,∴△ABP的面积y=·AB·PE=·2·x=x.图1当点P在CD上运动时,如图2,△ABP的高CF=BCsinB=1,∴△ABP的面积y=·AB·CF=·2·1=1.因此,观察所给选项,只有C符合,故选C.10.如图所示,正方形ABCD的面积为12,△ABE是等边三角形,点E在正方形ABCD内,在对角线AC上有一点P,使PD+PE的和最小,则这个最小值为()A.2B.2C.3D.【解析】选A.∵正方形的对角线互相垂直平分,∴点D和点B关于AC对称,连接BE交AC于点P,P即为所求作的点,PD+PE的最小值即是BE的长.∵正方形的面积为12,∴正方形的边长是2,∴PD+PE的最小值是2.二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分)11.今年我市初中毕业暨升学统一考试的考生约有35300人,该数据用科学记数法表示为________人.【解析】35300=3.53×104.答案:3.53×10412.出售某种手工艺品,若每个获利x元,一天可售出(8-x)个,则当x=________元,一天出售该种手工艺品的总利润y最大.【解析】∵出售某种手工艺品,若每个获利x元,一天可售出(8-x)个,∴y=(8-x)x,即y=-x2+8x,∴当x=-=-=4时,y取得最大值.答案:413.分式方程-1=的解是x=________.【解析】去分母得:6-x2+9=-x2-3x,解得:x=-5,经检验x=-5是分式方程的解.答案:-514.如图,AD是△ABC的角平分线,DE,DF分别是△ABD和△ACD的高,得到下面四个结论:①OA=OD;②AD⊥EF;③当∠A=90°时,四边形AEDF是正方形;④AE2+DF2=AF2+DE2.其中正确的是________.(把所有正确结论的序号都填在横线上) 【解析】∵AD是△ABC的角平分线,DE,DF分别是△ABD和△ACD的高,∴DE=DF, ∴Rt△AED≌Rt△AFD,∴AE=AF,∴△AEO≌△AFO,∴OE=OF,∠AOE=∠AOF,∴AD⊥EF,②对当∠A=90°时,四边形AEDF为矩形,则AD=EF,又AD⊥EF,∴四边形AEDF为正方形,③对;∵DE=DF,∴AE2+DF2=AE2+DE2=AD2,AF2+DE2=AF2+DF2=AD2,∴AE2+DF2=AF2+DE2,④对.答案:②③④三、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分)15.计算:(-1)-1-++|1-3|【解析】原式=-1-3+1+3-1=-1.16.观察下列算式:①1×3-22=3-4=-1②2×4-32=8-9=-1③3×5-42=15-16=-1④______________…(1)请你按以上规律写出第4个算式.(2)把这个规律用含字母的式子表示出来.(3)你认为(2)中所写出的式子一定成立吗?并说明理由.【解析】(1)第4个算式为:4×6-52=24-25=-1.(2)答案不唯一.如n(n+2)-(n+1)2=-1.(3)一定成立.理由:n(n+2)-(n+1)2=n2+2n-(n2+2n+1)=n2+2n-n2-2n-1=-1.故n(n+2)-(n+1)2=-1成立.四、(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,满分16分)17.在下列网格图中,每个小正方形的边长均为1个单位.在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=3,BC=4.(1)试在图中作出△ABC以A为旋转中心,沿顺时针方向旋转90°后的图形△AB1C1.(2)若点B的坐标为(-3,5),试在图中画出直角坐标系,并标出A,C两点的坐标.(3)根据(2)的坐标系作出与△ABC关于原点对称的图形△A2B2C2,并标出B2,C2两点的坐标.【解析】(1)△AB1C1如图所示.(2)如图所示,A(0,1),C(-3,1).(3)△A2B2C2如图所示,B2(3,-5),C2(3,-1).18.路边路灯的灯柱BC垂直于地面,灯杆BA的长为2m,灯杆与灯柱BC成120°角,锥形灯罩的轴线AD与灯杆AB垂直,且灯罩轴线AD正好通过道路路面的中心线(D在中心线上).已知点C与点D之间的距离为12m,求灯柱BC的高.(结果保留根号)【解析】设灯柱BC的长为hm,作AH⊥CD于点H,作BE⊥AH于点E.∴四边形BCHE为矩形.∵∠ABC=120°,∴∠ABE=30°.又∵∠BAD=∠BCD=90°,∴∠ADC=60°.在Rt△AEB中,∴AE=ABsin30°=1,BE=ABcos30°=.∴CH=.又∵CD=12,∴DH=12-.在Rt△AHD中,tan∠ADH===,解得,h=12-4.∴灯柱BC的高为(12-4)m.五、(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,满分20分)19.如图,Rt△ABC的两直角边AC边长为4,BC边长为3,它的内切圆为☉O,☉O与边AB,BC,AC分别相切于点D,E,F,延长CO交斜边AB于点G.(1)求☉O的半径长.(2)求线段DG的长.【解析】(1)在Rt△ABC中,由勾股定理得AB==5,∴☉O的半径r=(AC+BC-AB)=(4+3-5)=1.(2)过G作GP⊥AC,垂足为P,设GP=x,由∠ACB=90°,CG平分∠ACB,得∠GCP=45°,∴GP=PC=x,∵Rt△AGP∽Rt△ABC,∴=,解得x=,即GP=,CG=,∴OG=CG-CO=-=,在Rt△ODG中,DG==.20.某生姜种植基地计划种植A,B两种生姜30亩.已知A,B两种生姜的年产量分别为2000千克/亩、2500千克/亩,收购单价分别是8元/千克、7元/千克.(1)若该基地收获两种生姜的年总产量为68000千克,求A,B两种生姜各种多少亩?(2)若要求种植A种生姜的亩数不少于B种的一半,那么种植A,B两种生姜各多少亩时,全部收购该基地生姜的年总收入最多?最多是多少元?【解析】(1)设该基地种植A种生姜x亩,那么种植B种生姜(30-x)亩,根据题意,2000x+2500(30-x)=68000,解得x=14.∴30-x=16.答:种植A种生姜14亩,种植B种生姜16亩.(2)由题意得,x≥(30-x),解得x≥10.设全部收购该基地生姜的年总收入为y元,则y=8×2000x+7×2500(30-x)=-1500x+525000.∵y随x的增大而减小,∴当x=10时,y有最大值.此时,30-x=20,y的最大值为510000元.答:种植A种生姜10亩,种植B种生姜20亩时,全部收购该基地生姜的年总收入最多,最多为510000元.六、(本题满分12分)21.甲、乙、丙三名学生各自随机选择到A,B两个书店购书,(1)求甲、乙两名学生在不同书店购书的概率.(2)求甲、乙、丙三名学生在同一书店购书的概率.【解析】(1)甲、乙两名学生到A,B两个书店购书的所有可能结果有:从树状图可以看出,这两名学生到不同书店购书的可能结果有AB,BA共2种,所以甲、乙两名学生在不同书店购书的概率P(甲、乙两名学生在不同书店购书)=.(2)甲、乙、丙三名学生到A,B两个书店购书的所有可能结果有:从树状图可以看出,这三名学生到同一书店购书的可能结果有AAA,BBB共2种,所以甲、乙、丙到同一书店购书的概率P(甲、乙、丙到同一书店购书)==.七、(本题满分12分)22.抛物线y=-x2+(m-1)x+m与y轴交于(0,3)点.(1)求出m的值并画出这条抛物线.(2)求它与x轴的交点和抛物线顶点的坐标.(3)x取什么值时,抛物线在x轴上方?(4)x取什么值时,y的值随x值的增大而减小?【解析】(1)由抛物线y=-x2+(m-1)x+m与y轴交于(0,3)得:m=3.∴抛物线为y=-x2+2x+3.图象如图.(2)由-x2+2x+3=0,得:x1=-1,x2=3.∴抛物线与x轴的交点为(-1,0),(3,0).∵y=-x2+2x+3=-(x-1)2+4,∴抛物线顶点坐标为(1,4).(3)由图象可知:当-1<x<3时,抛物线在x轴上方.(4)由图象可知:当x>1时,y的值随x值的增大而减小.八、(本题满分14分)23.在△ABC中,AB=BC=2,∠ABC=120°,将△ABC绕点B顺时针旋转角α(0°<α<90°)得△A1BC1,A1B交AC于点E,A1C1分别交AC,BC于D,F两点.(1)如图1,观察并猜想,在旋转过程中,线段EA1与FC有怎样的数量关系?并证明你的结论.(2)如图2,当α=30°时,试判断四边形BC1DA的形状,并说明理由.(3)在(2)的情况下,求ED的长.【解析】(1)EA1=F C.证法一:∵AB=BC,∴∠A=∠C.由旋转可知,AB=BC1,∠A=∠C1,∠ABE=∠C1BF,∴△ABE≌△C1BF.∴BE=BF,又∵BA1=BC,∴BA1-BE=BC-BF,即EA1=F C.证法二:∵AB=BC,∴∠A=∠C.由旋转可知,∠A1=∠C,A1B=CB,而∠EBC=∠FBA1,∴△A1BF≌△CBE. ∴BF=BE,∴BA1-BE=BC-BF,即EA1=F C.(2)四边形BC1DA是菱形.∵∠A1=∠ABA1=30°,∴A1C1∥AB,同理AC∥BC1.∴四边形BC1DA是平行四边形.又∵AB=BC1,∴四边形BC1DA是菱形.(3)方法一:过点E作EG⊥AB于点G,则AG=BG=1.在Rt△AEG中,AE===.由(2)知四边形BC1DA是菱形,∴AD=AB=2,∴ED=AD-AE=2-.方法二:∵∠ABC=120°,∠ABE=30°,∴∠EBC=90°.在Rt△EBC中,BE=BC·tanC=2×tan30°=.∴EA1=BA1-BE=2-.∵A1C1∥AB,∴∠A1DE=∠A.∴∠A1DE=∠A1.∴ED=EA1=2-.关闭Word文档返回原板块。

相关文档
最新文档