the rural market
银行英语术语大全
rate of deposit turnove r存款周转率loan-deposit ratio 存放款比率self-owned capital ratio 自有资本比率output-capital ratio 产出与资本的比率ratio of profit to capital收益同资本的比率turnove r of account receiva ble 应收帐款周转率ratio of doubtfu l loans to total loans 坏帐比率fixed assets ratio 固定资产比率fixed assets turnove r ratio 固定资产周转率current ratio 流动比率turnove r ratio of working capital 流动资本周转率liquidi t y of bank 银行资产流动性payment reserve支付准备internal reserves内部准备金graduated reserve require ment 分级法定准备金ratio of cash reserves to deposits 存款支付准备率initial reserve初期准备金offset reserve坏帐准备金allowan ce for doubtfu l debt 备抵呆帐款项reserve require ments法定存款准备金reserve ratio 法定存款准备金比率require d reserve ratio 法定准备率minimum reserve ratio法定最低准备比率additio nal reserve追加准备金guaranteed fund 保证准备金reserve margin准备金比率unbalan ce finance赤字财政red balance赤字差额repressed inflati o n 抑制性通货膨胀shortag e of financi a l resources财源短缺gallopi n g inflati o n 恶性通货膨胀monetar y and financi a l crisis货币金融危机deflati o n 通货紧缩inflati o n 通货膨胀inflati o n rate 通货膨胀率inflati o nary trends通货膨胀趋势monetar y stringe ncy 银根奇紧slack of finance银根松缓stagfla tion 滞胀demand pull inflati o n 需求拉动通货膨胀demand shift inflati o n 需求变动型通货膨胀latent i n flati o n 潜在的通货膨胀inflati o nary spiral螺旋式上升的通货膨胀neutrality of the central bank 中央银行的中立性counter-inflati o n policy反通货膨胀对策open market policy公开市场政策deficit-coverin g finance赤字财政fiscal and monetar y policy财政金融政策harmony of fiscal a nd monetar ypolicie s财政政策和金融政策的协调interes t rate policy利率政策monetar y device金融调节手段monetar y action金融措施measure s for monetar y ease 金融缓和措施easy credit放松信贷monetar y and credit control货币信用管理deficit coverin g弥补赤字restric ti v e lending policy贷款紧缩政策over-loan positio n贷款超额credit expansi o n 信用扩张credit control instrum ent 信用调节手段credit control信用控制restric ti v e monetar y policy紧缩通货膨胀credit extendi n g policy融资方针ultra-cheap money policy超低息政策financial transaction 金融业务moneta r y market 金融市场 financ ial unrest 金融动荡 financ ial crisis 金融危机financ ial system 金融体系 financ ial world金融界policy of discou n t window 窗口指导政策 open market operat i o n 公开市场业务accrue d bond intere s t 应计债券利息 accrue d divide n d 应计股利 active securi t ies 热头股票，活跃的证券baby bond 小额债券bear operat i o n 卖空行为black market 黑市black money 黑钱bond fund 债券基金call for funds 控股、集资 call market 活期存款市场 capita l market 信贷市场、资本市场capita l resour ces 资本来源capita l surplu s 资本盈余capita l transf e r 资本转移capita l turnov e r rate 资本周转率cash audit 现金审核cash basis 现金制cash basis accoun ti n g 现金收付会计制cash budget 现金预算 cash flow资金流动cash holdin gs 库存现金 cash paymen t现金支付cash positi o n 头寸cash resour ces (reserv e s) 现金准备common fund 共同基金common trust fund 共同信托基金 curren t fund 流动基金deposi t turnov e r 存款周转率derive d deposi t 派生存款design a ted curren cy 指定货币discou n t market 贴现市场discou n ted cash flow 净现金量due from other funds 应收其他基金款 due to other funds 应付其他基金款equali z ation fund （外汇）平衡基金farm subsid ies 农产品补贴fund 资金、基金fund accoun t 基金帐户 fund alloca ti o n 基金分配 fund approp ri a tio n 基金拨款 fund balanc e 基金结存款 fund for relief 救济基金 fund for specia l use 专用基金 fund in trust 信托基金 fund liabil i t y 基金负债 fund obliga ti o n基金负担fund raisin g 基金筹措 funds statem e nt 资金表 genera l fund 普通基金gross cash flow 现金总流量 hedge fund 套利基金hoarde d money 储存的货币legal tender 法定货币moneta r y aggreg a tes 货币流通额moneta r y area 货币区moneta r y assets 货币性资产moneta r y base 货币基础moneta r y circul a ti o n 货币流通moneta r y ease 银根松动moneta r y string e ncy 银根紧moneta r y unit 货币单位money collec tor 收款人money credit 货币信用money down 付现款money equiva l e nt 货币等价 money-flow analys i s 货币流量分析near money 准货币neutra l money 中介货币provid ent fund 准备基金public audit 公开审计public money 公款short-term funds 短期资金sinkin g fund 偿债基金 soft curren cy 软币subsid y accoun t 补助金帐户transf e r to reserv e accoun t 转到准备金帐户transf e rable money 可转帐货币 trust bank 信托银行 trust fund信托基金withdr a wal from circul a tion （货币）回笼withdr a wal of bank notes 钞票回笼 withdr a wal of funds 资金回收 banker 's bank中央银行banks with busine ss dealin g with the centra l bank 中央银行的往来银行foreig n banks 外国银行local bank 地方银行overse a s branch es 国外分行foreig n corres p onden t 国外代理银行 nation alized bank 国有化银行 nation al bank 国家银行 bank of the govern ment政府的银行city bank 城市银行 credit union 信用合作社 operat i n g bank营业银行consor ti u m bank 银团银行 ordina r y bank普通银行our bank 开户银行establ i s hing bank 开证银行 interm e diary bank 中间银行certif yi n g bank付款保证银行paying bank 付款银行 appoin ted bank 外汇指定银行 corres p onden t 代理行main bank主要银行remitt i n g bank汇出银行Giro bank汇划银行remitt a nce bank 汇款银行negoti a ting bank 议付银行 issue bank发行银行bank of deposi t 存款银行redisc ount bank 再贴现银行agent for collec ti o n 托收代理银行collec ti n g bank 托收银行mortga g e bank 抵押银行sellin g bank 卖方银行reques ti n g bank 委托开证银行 transm i t ting bank 转证银行 truste e bank 受托银行domesti c corres p onden t 国内通汇银行loan bank放款银行accept i n g bank承兑银行confir mi n g bank 保兑银行 discou n ting bank 贴现银行 credit or bank 债权银行 debtor bank 借方银行advisi n g bank 通知银行accept a nce bank 票据承兑行 cleari n g bank 清算银行 presen ti n g bank 提示银行 affili a ted bank联行long-term credit bank 长期信用银行 specia lized foreig n exchan g e bank外汇专业银行member bank会员银行fringe bank 边缘银行export and import bank 进出口银行managi n g bank of a syndic a te 财团的经理银行 non-member bank非会员银行credit bank 信贷银行 charte r ed bank特许银行specia l bank 特殊银行 side-work bank 兼业银行 overse a s bank海外银行popula ri t y bank 庶民银行 banker 's associ a tion 银行协会infrastructu r e bank 基本建设投资银行reserv i n g bank储备银行saving s bank 储蓄银行 multin a ti o na l bank跨国银行world bank 世界银行Asian Develo p ment Fund (ADB) 亚洲开发银行Euro-bank 欧洲银行 Intern a tiona l Invest m ent Bank (IIB)国际投资银行intere s t subsid y 利息补贴 intere s t restri c ti o n利息限制legal intere s t 法定利息 public deposi t政府存款deriva ti v e deposi t 派生存款 specia l deposi t特种存款reserv e deposi t 准备存款 bank deposi t 银行存款 reserv e accoun t 准备金帐户Bank of Commun i c atio n s 交通银行Develo p ment Bank开发银行the Constr u ction Bank of China 中国建设银行the People 's Bank of China 中国人民银行 Indust ri a l and Commer ci a l Bank of China中国工商银行Agricu l t ural Bank of China 中国农业银行China Invest m ent Bank 中国投资银行 Bank of China中国银行the Intern a tiona l Trust and Invest ment Corpor a ti o n of China (ITICC)中国国际信托投资公司 advice of drawin g 提款通知书 draw提款drawee bank 付款银行drawin g accoun t 提款帐户fixed saving s withdr a wal 定期储蓄提款 run on a bank银行挤兑outwar d remitt a nce汇出汇款postal remitt a n ce 邮政汇款 remitt a nce by draft 汇票汇款 remitt a nce charge s汇费telegr a phic transf e r (T/T) 电汇 collec ti o n of trade charge s 托收货款collec ti o n on clean bill 光票托收collec ti o n on docume n ts跟单托收collec ti n g bank 托收银行 letter transf e r信汇deposi t rate 存款利率extern al accoun t 对外帐户 fixed deposi t (=time deposi t) 定期存款 fixed deposi t by instal l m ent零存整取 impres t bank accoun t 定额银行存款专户large deposi t 大额存款 nomina l deposi t 名义存款non-reside n t accoun t 非居民存款accoun t charge s 账户费用 "accoun t curren t (A/C,a/c)"往来帐户amount i n figure s 小写金额 amount i n words 大写金额applic a tion form for a bankin gaccoun t 银行开户申请书 bank balanc e 存款余额 Certif i c ate of Deposi ts (CDs) 大额定期存款单certif i c ate of balanc e 存款凭单 checki n g accoun t 支票帐户。
rural life
Winter impending, there is a new scene in the rural market: under the width of the sky and the glare of the sun, through the roaring of the gale and the far-off smoke of houses, people wrapped in thick clothes, stalls lining on the frozen earth…But one scene refuses to change, which is one of the peculiarities of the rural market---causality, both of people and of goods. A farmer can still pick some fresh vegetables from his own vegetable plot and bring them to this market to change for some tobacco; a girl can still knit some lovely knitwear and bring them here to change for some pocket money, a woman can still bake some tasty cookies and bring here to change for housekeeping subsidy. The farmer, pipe in hand and with leisurely grin, uses a chatting tongue to bargain with the would-be buyers. The girl, proud of her delicate handcraft, and standing in a corner with face pink, tries to cry out these artwork but yields out of shy. To the woman, by comparison, the piece of feminine shy is overwhelmed by her frankness and outgoing. Now with a big smile she is calling the passers-by to have a taste of her cookies.Hence it is rare to see goods here stacked in a large quantity, neatly and gracefully just like that in the supermarket where the waiters are either standing straightly while keeping one eye on you or answering you with coolly courtesy. In the rural market, however, you are embraced with the true nature, the true people, and the true life, the embrace from the vegetables with mud and dew to the aged weigh beam, to the warm words conveyed between familiar buyers and sellers, to the peddlers, sitting on their hunkers with a countenance carved in time and tide, worn out by life but still struggling for hope…In the distance, the mist still veils; the fields keep silent; in the bare trees, persimmons swing…the world is slumbering. Only the rural market and the people in it remind you that there is still something vital and animated, and you are not alone in the vast and deserted land.Thanks for your reading and consideration. I am looking forward for your reply.。
The Usual Rural Market
The Usual Rural MarketThere are both supermarket and fair in my hometown .The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by the regular fair every five days .At the fair there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold .The fair is divided into four parts according to its goods .One of the busiest parts in the fair is the first part ,including vegetable market ,meat market and fish market .It is the varicolored vegetables that firstly greet your eyes .There are rubicund lantern of tomatoes ,green cucumbers ,white turnips and jacinth carrots and so on .What impressed me most is the green Chinese chive with the pungent smell .You can smell its smell although you are far from it .The din of sellers crying their vegetables ,of little kids` high voice to thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the market ,of mothers` calling their children fretfully ,and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy .You will shocked by their bargaining .They can bargain for little money for several years .Then as you penetrate deeper into this street ,the noise is a little lower than that in the vegetable market ,and you come to the meat market .The meat is placed on the trestle table and a strong butcher stand there crying his meat .The purchasers buy meat for a sumptuous dinner ,which maybe just for their own family or for the coming relatives .The buyers` requirements surprise me that they want the meat slice ,piece ,stuffing and so on .The sellers satisfy their customers` needs ,follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the next market ,fish market ,is the great fishy smell .It greets you coming into the market in the beginning and accompanies you in the market all the way .The dead fish with white belly up and the live fish struggling in the water catch your eyes .You must watch out the water slopped by the live fish .One of the picturesque and impressive parts in the fair is the cloth-market .In the cloth-market ,all the sellers of materials for quilt cover ,mattress and of all kinds of quilt and so on line the street on both sides ,displaying their goods on the trestle tables and storing some of their goods on their vehicles .The picture of cloth let you enter a beautiful world .One of the most popular parts among young women and children is the clothes and shoes market .Shopping is the favourite thing that women love .In the clothes and shoes market you can find what it is fashionable and you want .The beautiful skirts are attempting beautiful girls .The most common words you can hear in the market is that the higher is the price ,the better is the quality of the merchandise .It is the majority of sellers` words as they refute the purchasers` bargain .To be honest ,it makes sense to some degree .When you touch the clothes with high price ,you can feel the high quality .Bargaining is the order of the day ,so it is a long time before the sellers and the buyers reach a deal .Elsewhere in the last part there is the mixture market with profusion of different kinds of goods .Here in the fruit market you can find almost all kinds of fruits ,such as apple ,pear ,banana ,grape and so on ,meanwhile you can enjoy the fruit smell .Then you come to the snack market ,different snacks attempt you .There are also general merchandise market ,electrical appliance market and so on .That is the fair every five days in my hometown ,where sellers sell their goods and buyers buy their needs .The stall-holders make a point of making profit and price the item high with yielding little in the bargaining ,while the customers make a point of saving money and they try hard to let the shop-keepers do not know what it is they like and want .Then they bargain and finally deal .。
周口市事业单位人才引进真题
周口市事业单位人才引进真题（满分100分时间120分钟）一、单选题（每题只有一个正确答案，答错、不答或多答均不得分）1.现如今，随着互联网的快速发展，电子货币在人类经济生活中的作用越来越广泛，电子货币的广泛使用，使（）。
A.货币的流通量增加了B.传统货币的职能改变了C.货币的流通速度加快了D.通货膨胀的风险加大了【答案】：C2.甲乙丙三人开发某岛市场的观点如下：甲：居民不穿鞋，此岛无市场，我即返回。
乙：居民不穿鞋，此岛是大市场，能否常驻开发？丙：居民不穿鞋，原因是脚疾，此岛是大市场，预期每年可卖2万双，开发需投1.5万美元，收益率约15%。
这种观念是（）A.大市场营销观念B.生产观念C.推销观念D.社会营销观念【答案】：A3.金融市场最基本的功能是（）。
A.累积资金B.转移风险C.转换资金D.融通资金1/ 10【答案】：D4.我们党成立以来，注重吸收中华优秀传统文化中的有益经验，逐步建立起具有现代意义的巡视制度，在党内监督中发挥了重要作用。
下列有关我国古代巡视官称谓错误的是：A.刺史B.巡按C.巡察D.谏官【答案】：D5.如果一个城市的经济低于其充分就业水平，在价格水平固定的条件下，下列哪项能使经济更接近于充分就业水平？（）A.政府支出的增加或税收的削减B.政府支出或税收的削减C.政府支出的削减或税收的增加D.政府支出或税收的增加【答案】：A6.小张对小吴说：“(令堂)对我说，做人最重要的是要有责任感”，划线的敬辞所指的是（）A.小张的父亲B.小吴的父亲C.小吴的母亲D.小张的母亲【答案】：C7.法律关系的形成、变更和消灭需要具备两个条件,分别是法律事实和（）。
A.正义B.法律规范C.法律关系主体2/ 10D.法律关系客体【答案】：B8.“咬定青山不放松，立根原在破岩中。
千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风”写的植物是（）。
A.竹子B.野草C.柏树D.松树【答案】：A9.下列不属于欧洲文艺复兴时期的文学作品的是（）。
独树一帜还是随波逐流
费者会将自身的需求放在首位ꎬ 更在意产品的独特性和新颖性ꎬ 产品效用会随购买人数增加而降
１３１
珞珈管理评论
２０２４ 年卷第 ２ 辑 ( 总第 ５３ 辑)
低ꎻ 跟随型消费者则把其他消费者的期望或行为作为自己行为参照的准则ꎬ 进而在自己的产品评
管理评论
Ｌｕｏｊｉａ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ
２０２４ 年卷第 ２ 辑 ( 总第 ５３ 辑)
Ｎｏ ２ꎬ ２０２４ ( Ｓｕｍ ５３)
独树一帜还是随波逐流?
消费者类型和奢侈品环保信息
交互效应对购买意愿的影响
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•冯文婷１ 李 洁２ 沈先运２ 刘陈陵２
(１ 中国地质大学 ( 武汉) 珠宝学院 武汉 ４３００７４ꎻ
侈品品牌热衷于投身可持续性实践活动ꎬ 开发可持续奢侈品的生产线ꎬ 可持续奢侈品日益成为一种
新的时尚潮流 ( Ｌｉ ＆ Ｌｅｏｎａｓꎬ ２０１９) ꎮ
可持续奢侈品是指符合环保诉求ꎬ 具有节能、 无害等可持续属性或相关联的奢侈品ꎮ 现有研究
表明ꎬ 消费者对于可持续奢侈品存在两种矛盾态度: 一方面ꎬ “ 可持续” 与自我超越、 道德和利他主
目ꎻ 阿玛尼则承诺 ２０２０ 年起避免在生产过程中使用危险化学品ꎻ 古驰也在 ２０１７ 年宣布不再使用一切
动物皮草ꎮ 此外ꎬ 在全球可持续时尚峰会上ꎬ 宝格丽首席执行官提出: “ 作为一个奢侈品品牌ꎬ 宝格
丽以其可持续性发展的品牌理念为傲ꎬ 在每一个经营环节中坚持合乎道德的生产准则” ꎮ 这表明ꎬ 奢
实验二验证消费者心理需求 ( 分化、 同化) 和奢侈品环保信息 ( 可持续、 非可持续) 的匹配一致性
经济学原理（曼昆）第十一章答案英文版
SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS:Quick Quizzes1. Public goods are goods that are neither excludable nor rival. Examples include national defense,knowledge, and uncongested nontoll roads. Common resources are goods that are rival but not excludable. Examples include fish in the ocean, the environment, and congested nontoll roads. 2. The free-rider problem occurs when people receive the benefits of a good but avoid paying for it.The free-rider problem induces the government to provide public goods because if the government uses tax revenue to provide the good, everyone pays for it and everyone enjoys its benefits. The government should decide whether to provide a public good by comparing the good’s costs to its benefits; if the benefits exceed the costs, society is better off.3. Governments try to limit the use of common resources because one person’s use of the resourcediminishes others’ use of it, so there is a negative externality which leads people to use common resources excessively.Questions for Review1. An excludable good is one that people can be prevented from using. A rival good is one for whichone person's use of it diminishes another person's enjoyment of it. Pizza is both excludable, sincea pizza producer can prevent someone from ea ting it who doesn't pay for it, and rival, since whenone person eats it, no one else can eat it.2. A public good is a good that is neither excludable nor rival. An example is national defense, whichprotects the entire nation. No one can be prevented from enjoying the benefits of it, so it is not excludable, and an additional person who benefits from it does not diminish the value of it to others, so it is not rival. The private market will not supply the good, since no one would pay for itbecause they cannot be excluded from enjoying it if they don't pay for it.3. Cost-benefit analysis is a study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a publicgood. It is important because the government needs to know which public goods people value most highly and which have benefits that exceed the costs of supplying them. It is hard to dobecause quantifying the benefits is difficult to do from a questionnaire and because respondents have little incentive to tell the truth.4. A common resource is a good that is rival but not excludable. An example is fish in the ocean. Ifsomeone catches a fish, that leaves fewer fish for everyone else, so it's a rival good. But theocean is so vast, you cannot charge people for the right to fish, or prevent them from fishing, so it is not excludable. Thus, without government intervention, people will use the good too much,since they don't account for the costs they impose on others when they use the good.Problems and Applicat ions1. a. The externalities associated with public goods are positive. Since the benefits from thepublic good received by one person don't reduce the benefits received by anyone else, thesocial value of public goods is substantially greater than the private value. Examplesinclude national defense, knowledge, uncongested non-toll roads, and uncongested parks.Since public goods aren't excludable, the free-market quantity is zero, so it is less than the215efficient quantity.b. The externalities associated with common resources are generally negative. Sincecommon resources are rival but not excludable (so not priced) the use of the commonresources by one person reduces the amount available for others. Since commonresources are not priced, people tend to overuse them their private cost of using theresources is less than the social cost. Examples include fish in the ocean, theenvironment, congested non-toll roads, the Town Commons, and congested parks.2. a. (1) Police protection is a natural monopoly, since it is excludable (the police may ignoresome neighborhoods) and not rival (unless the police force is overworked, they're availablewhenever a crime arises). You could make an argument that police protection is rival, ifthe police are too busy to respond to all crimes, so that one person's use of the policereduces the amount available for others; in that case, police protection is a private good.(2) Snow plowing is most likely a common resource. Once a street is plowed, it isn'texcludable. But it is rival, especially right after a big snowfall, since plowing one streetmeans not plowing another street.(3) Education is a private good (with a positive externality). It is excludable, sincesomeone who doesn't pay can be prevented from taking classes. It is rival, since thepresence of an additional student in a class reduces the benefits to others.(4) Rural roads are public goods. They aren't excludable and they aren't rival sincethey're uncongested.(5) City streets are common resources when congested. They aren't excludable, sinceanyone can drive on them. But they are rival, since congestion means every additionaldriver slows down the progress of other drivers. When they aren't congested, city streetsare public goods, since they're no longer rival.b. The government may provide goods that aren't public goods, such as education, becauseof the externalities associated with them.3. a. Charlie is a free rider.b. The government could solve the problem by sponsoring the show and paying for it with taxrevenue collected from everyone.c. The private market could also solve the problem by making people watch commercials thatare incorporated into the program. The existence of cable TV makes the good excludable,so it would no longer be a public good.4. a. Since knowledge is a public good, the benefits of basic scientific research are available tomany people. The private firm doesn't take this into account when choosing how muchresearch to undertake; it only takes into account what it will earn.b. The United States has tried to give private firms incentives to provide basic research bysubsidizing it through organizations like the National Institute of Health and the NationalScience Foundation.c. If it's basic research that adds to knowledge, it isn't excludable at all, unless people in othercountries can be prevented somehow from sharing that knowledge. So perhaps U.S.firms get a slight advantage because they hear about technological advances first, butknowledge tends to diffuse rapidly.5. When a person litters along a highway, others bear the negative externality, so the private costsare low. Littering in your own yard imposes costs on you, so it has a higher private cost and is thus rare.6. When the system is congested, each additional rider imposes costs on other riders. For example,when all seats are taken, some people must stand. Or if there isn't any room to stand, somepeople must wait for a train that isn't as crowded. Increasing the fare during rush hourinternalizes this externality.7. On privately owned land, the amount of logging is likely to be efficient. Loggers have incentives todo the right amount of logging, since they care that the trees replenish themselves and the forest can be logged in the future. Publicly owned land, however, is a common resource, and is likely to be overlogged, since loggers won't worry about the future value of the land.Since public lands tend to be overlogged, the government can improve things by restricting thequantity of logging to its efficient level. Selling permits to log, or taxing logging, could be used to reach the appropriate quantity by internalizing the externality. Such restrictions are unnecessary on privately owned lands, since there is no externality.8. a. Overfishing is rational for fishermen since they're using a common resource. They don'tbear the costs of reducing the number of fish available to others, so it's rational for them tooverfish. The free-market quantity of fishing exceeds the efficient amount.b. A solution to the problem could come from regulating the amount of fishing, taxing fishingto internalize the externality, or auctioning off fishing permits. But these solutionswouldn't be easy to implement, since many nations have access to ocea ns, so internationalcooperation would be necessary, and enforcement would be difficult, because the sea is solarge that it is hard to police.c. By giving property rights to countries, the scope of the problem is reduced, since eachcountry has a greater incentive to find a solution. Each country can impose a tax or issuepermits, and monitor a smaller area for compliance.d. Since government agencies (like the Coast Guard in the United States) protect fishermenand rescue them when they need help, the fishermen aren't bearing the full costs of theirfishing. Thus they fish more than they should.e. The statement, "Only when fishermen believe they are assured a long-term and exclusiveright to a fishery are they likely to manage it in the same far-sighted way as good farmersmanage they land," is sensible. If fishermen owned the fishery, they would be sure not tooverfish, because they would bear the costs of overfishing. This is a case in whichproperty rights help prevent the overuse of a common resource.f. Alternatives include regulating the amount of fishing, taxing fishermen, auctioning offfishing permits, or taxing fish sold in stores. All would tend to reduce the amount offishing from the free-market amount toward the efficient amount.9. The private market provides information about the quality or function of goods and services inseveral different ways. First, producers advertise, providing people information about the product and its quality. Second, private firms provide information to consumers with independent reportson quality; an example is the magazine Consumer Reports. The government plays a role as well, by regulating advertising, thus preventing firms from exaggerating claims about their products,regulating certain goods like gasoline and food to be sure they are measured properly and provided without disease, and not allowing dangerous products on the market.10. To be a public good, a good must be neither rival nor excludable. When the Internet isn’tcongested, it is n ot rival, since one person’s use of it does not affect anyone else. However, at times traffic on the Internet is so great that everything slows down at such times, the Internet is rival. Is the Internet excludable? Since anyone operating a Web site can charge a customer for visiting the site by requiring a password, the Internet is excludable. Thus the Internet is notstrictly a public good. Since the Internet is usually not rival, it is more like a natural monopolythan a public good. However, since most people’s Web sites contain information and exclude no one, the majority of the Internet is a public good (when it is not congested).11. Recognizing that there are opportunity costs that are relevant for cost-benefit analysis is the key toanswering this question. A richer community can afford to place a higher value on life and safety.So the richer community is willing to pay more for a traffic light, and that should be considered in cost-benefit analysis.。
描绘农村集市风情的300字记叙文
描绘农村集市风情的300字记叙文In the rural areas of China, there is a unique charm and vibrancy associated with the rural marketplaces. These traditional markets, also known as "nongcun jishi" in Chinese, are a hub of activity and a reflection of the local culture and way of life.As one enters a rural market, the first thing that strikes is the bustling atmosphere. The market is filled with vendors and shoppers, creating a lively and energetic ambiance. People from nearby villages gather here to buy and sell a variety of goods, ranging from fresh produce and livestock to handicrafts and household items.The market is a feast for the senses. The air is filled with the aroma of freshly harvested fruits and vegetables, and the sounds of bargaining and laughter echo through the narrow alleys. The vibrant colors of the stalls, adorned with colorful fabrics and traditional decorations, add to the visual appeal.The market is not only a place for commerce but also a social gathering spot. It serves as a meeting point for villagers to catch up with each other, exchange news, and share stories. It is a placewhere friendships are forged, and relationships are strengthened.The market is a showcase of the local culture and heritage. Traditional music and dance performances often take place, adding to the festive atmosphere. Local delicacies, such as steamed buns and fried dumplings, are prepared and sold, allowing visitors to experience the authentic flavors of the region.Despite the modernization and urbanization of China, rural marketplaces continue to thrive, preserving the essence of rural life. They are a testament to the resilience and spirit of the rural communities, offering a glimpse into a simpler, more traditional way of life.在中国的农村地区，农村集市有着独特的魅力和活力。
新编金融英语教程 Chapter8 Money Markets versus Capital Markets
8.4 Follow-up Tasks
I. Matching
Directions: Match the English words and phrases in the left column with the proper Chinese equivalents in the right column.
A. 流动性需求 B. 保险公司 C. 政府债券 D. 长期资产 E. 时间范围 F. 金融市场 G. 企业债券 H. 营运资本 I. 中央银行 J. 运营费用
8.4 Follow-up Tasks
II. Judgments
Directions: Decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).
conduit [ˈkɒndjuɪt] 中转人，中转 liquidity [lɪˈkwɪdəti] 流动性
机构
maturity [məˈtʃʊərəti] 周期
debt [det] 债务
proxy [ˈprɒksi] 代理人
deposit [dɪˈpɒzɪt] 存款
return [rɪˈtɜ:n] 收益
nces
Capital markets offer higher-risk investments, while money markets offer safer assets. Money market returns are often low but steady, while capital markets offer higher returns. The liquidity between money markets and capital markets is different.
乡村振兴战略方针英语作文
The strategy of rural revitalization is a crucial initiative aimed at enhancing the living standards and economic development of rural areas in China. This essay will discuss the importance of this strategy and its potential impact on the countrys overall development.Firstly, the rural revitalization strategy is essential for narrowing the urbanrural gap. As urban areas have experienced rapid development, rural regions have often been left behind, leading to disparities in income, education, and healthcare. By focusing on rural development, the strategy aims to bring about a more balanced and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.Secondly, the strategy promotes sustainable agricultural practices. Agriculture is the backbone of rural economies, and by encouraging sustainable farming methods, the strategy can help ensure food security and environmental protection. This includes promoting organic farming, water conservation, and the use of renewable energy sources.Thirdly, the rural revitalization strategy fosters innovation and entrepreneurship in rural areas. By providing support and resources for local businesses and startups, the strategy can create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth. This can also help to retain young talent in rural areas, who might otherwise migrate to urban centers in search of better opportunities.Moreover, the strategy emphasizes the importance of infrastructure development in rural areas. Improved roads, telecommunications, and public services can enhance connectivity and accessibility, making it easier for rural residents to access education, healthcare, and other essential services.Lastly, the rural revitalization strategy also focuses on cultural preservation and tourism development. By promoting traditional crafts, festivals, and local cuisine, the strategy can help to preserve and celebrate the unique cultural heritage of rural communities. This can also attract tourists and generate additional income for these areas.In conclusion, the rural revitalization strategy is a comprehensive approach to addressing the challenges faced by rural areas in China. By focusing on sustainable development, economic growth, infrastructure, and cultural preservation, the strategy has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life and economic prospects for rural residents. It is an essential component of Chinas broader efforts to achieve balanced and inclusive development.。
天津蓟县乡村旅游发展对策分析
【旅游经济】天津蓟县乡村旅游发展对策分析刘琪（天津商务职业学院，天津 300350）[摘 要]蓟县发展乡村旅游是现代农业产业结构优化、改善农村人口生活质量、激发农村消费市场活力和保护当地农村文化的需要。
天津蓟县乡村旅游这几年快速发展，取得了可喜的成果，但在整体规划、基础设施、服务意识和专业人才输入等方面仍有发展空间，应增强整体营销意识，加大宣传力度，增加产品特色，树立品牌效应，提升市场竞争能力。
蓟县乡村旅游的发展可结合当地的旅游资源，在旅游开发中保持“乡土”的原汁原味。
加大政府扶持力度，健全监管机制，加强乡村生态环境与传统文化的保护，推出具有北方特色的乡村旅游项目。
[关键词]乡村旅游；蓟县；农家乐[中图分类号] F592 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-3283(2022)07-0048-04Analysis on the Development Countermeasures of Rural Tourism in Jixian County of TianjinLiu Qi(Tianjin College of Commerce,Tianjin 300350)Abstract:The development of rural tourism in Jixian county is the need to optimize the industrial structure of modern agriculture, improve the quality of life of the rural population, stimulate the vitality of the rural consumer market and protect the local rural culture. Rural tourism in Jixian County, Tianjin has developed rapidly in recent years and achieved gratifying results, however, there is still room for development in terms of overall planning, infrastructure, service awareness and professional talent input, we should strengthen the overall marketing awareness, strengthen publicity, increase product characteristics, establish brand effect, and enhance market competitiveness. The development of rural tourism in Ji county can be combined with local tourism resources to maintain the original flavor of "local" in tourism development. Increase government support, improve the supervision mechanism, strengthen the protection of rural ecological environment and traditional culture, launch rural tourism projects with northern characteristics.Key Words: Rural Tourism; Jixiounty; Agritainment虽然我国的农业休闲和乡村旅游起步晚于国外，但经过30多年的发展，取得了显著成效。
测试-九型人格测试题-144题
测试-九型人格测试题-144题个性互动评估此份个性互动的自我测评问卷是基于一个名为Enneagram的性格指标设计而成的～主要用于帮助你有效地掌握你个人的行为习惯～它包含了144道二选一的题目。
在此测试中所回答的答案没有正确与错误之分～它仅是反映你自己的个性和你的世界观。
此份问卷将有助于你更好地了解自身的优势和弱点～并知道在何种情形下你的行动将更为有效。
同时～你还可以通过此问卷知道他人是如何看待他们自己的～以及相互间又是如何相处影响的。
为了使这份问卷对您有真实的帮助～请如实地回答每道题～并在45分钟内做完。
评估方法说明每一道题都包含了2种状况可供选择～请仔细阅读～并依据你平时的一些行为习惯选择其中一种状况～同时在相应的括号内打勾。
在答题时～可能会遇到2种状况都不适用于你～或2种状况都适用于你～无论哪种情况～请选择其中你最倾向的答案。
,即使你对2种状况都不同意,。
如您留有空项或多选～那将影响你的测试结果:再次感谢您的真诚合作:A B C D E F G H Iworld". Held in town "25 rent" forum to promote rent, some membersto rural areas, working on the market, Zhu Li, Zhi Hong 5 townships, and the white areas, too, young farmers ' organization launched "village", to publicity about the anti-Japanese National Salvation programme of ten farmer education. They are still held in the town of "tax class" book entirely drawn from Shanghai weekly, Yanan liberation magazine and revolutionary1 我浪漫并富于幻想。
【精撰文】汉译英时事政治经济常用语翻译大全
【AAA】汉译英时事政治经济常用语翻译大全1.深化亚太合作共创和谐未来EnhancingAsia-PacificCooperationtoCreateaHarmoniousFutureEPcerptsfromtheSpeechDeliveredbyHuJintaoAtthe13thAPECEconomicLeaders’Meeting,Busan,ROK,18Novembe r20GG2.世界上还存在着不少不稳定不确定因素，地区冲突和摩擦此起彼伏，恐怖主义活动猖獗，南北差距拉大，非传统安全威胁上升，人类面临着许多严峻挑战，国际社会实现持久和平、共同繁荣任重而道远。
Intoday’sworld,therearestillquitesomefactorsofinstabilityanduncer tainty.Frequentregionalfrictionsandconflicts,rampantterroristactivities,t hewideningNorth-Southgapandrisingnontraditionalsecuritythreatsallpo seseverechallengestomankind.Theinternationalcommunityiscurrentlyfac inganuphillstruggletoachievelastingpeaceandcommonprosperity.3.在经济全球化进程中，相当一部分发展中国家面临着被边缘化的危险，发展经济困难加剧，同发达国家的发展差距继续拉大。
Intheprocessofeconomicglobalization,aconsiderablenumberofdevel opingcountries,whicharefacedwiththedangerofbeingmarginalized,havef oundgrowingdifficultiesintheireconomicdevelopmentandawideninggap betweenthemselvesandthedevelopedcountries.4.我们应该按照公认的国际规则，本着互谅互让的精神，通过对话协商，共同寻求解决分歧之道。
4A广告英语术语全解
4A广告英语术语全解态度attitude品牌兴趣brand interest品牌忠诚brand loyalty企业市场business markets影响中心centers of influence有意劝服路径central route to persuation认知cognition消费行为consumer behavior消费者决策过程consumer decision making p rocess消费者市场consumer markets文化culture现有顾客current customers详尽可能性模型Elaboration Likelihood Model环境因素environment选择评估evaluation of alternatives评估标准evaluative criteria参考组evoked set交换exchange政府市场government markets习惯habit需要层次hierachy of needs工业市场industrial markets信息性动机informational motives人际影响interpersonal influences 认知learning市场market卖主marketers营销marketing大脑档案mental files动机motivation需要needs被动生成动机negatively originated motives 非人员影响nonpersonal influences市场细分market segmentation营销组合marketing mix成熟期maturity stage全国性品牌national brand网络营销network marketing非人员传播nonpersonal communication人员型服务people-based service显性差异perceptible differences人员传播personal communication定位position价格因素price element初级需求primary demand首要需求趋势primary demand trend私家品牌private label产品概念product concept产品因素product element产品生命周期product life cycle消费心态细分psychographic segmentation消费心态psychographic宣传publicity拉pull拉式战略pull strategy购买时机purchase occasion推入push推式战略push strategy转销商reseller销售推广sales promotion选择性需求selective demand选择性分销selective distribution服务service特别事件special events标准工业分类代码Standard Industrial Classifi cation Codes目标市场target market目标营销过程target marketing process广告调查advertising research态度测试attitude tests中心场所测试central location tests混杂测试clutter tests直接提问法direct questioning试验法experimental method 小组讨论focus group正试调查formal research成见效应halo effect深度访问in-depth interview非正式/试调查informal research查询测试inquiry tests深度调查技术intensive techniques营销信息系统marketing information system, MIS营销调查marketing research市场markets媒介种类media class媒介调查media research媒介细分media subclass媒介单位media units媒介载体media vehicles产品merchandise讯息message动机motives非概率抽样nonprobability samples观察法observation method事后测试posttesting事前测试pretesting初级信息primary data投射法projective techniques定性调查qualitative research定量调查quantitative research随机概率抽样random probability samples全面服务公司fullservice advertising agency普通消费者广告公司general consumer agen cy全球性卖主global marketers集团式group system横向联合广告horizontal cooperative advertisi ng专属广告公司in-house agency奖励制incentive system独立制作社independent production house独立调查公司independent research compan y机构广告institutional advertising整合营销传播integrated marketing communic ations互联广告公司interactive agency国际广告公司international agency国际媒介international media国际化架构international structure地方性广告local advertising地方广告公司local agency维持期maintenance stage经营总监management supervisors差价markup媒介购买公司media-buying service媒介代理费media commission 跨国公司multinational corporations全国性广告主national advertiser全国性广告公司national agency户外广告outdoor advertising关系预备期prerelationship stage印刷媒介print media产品广告product advertising区域性广告主regional advertiser区域性广告公司regional agency常规价格广告regular.price-line advertising截留费制retainer system减价广告sale advertising销售推广部sales promotion department专利patent隐私权privacy rights夸大puffery社会责任social responsibility潜意识广告subliminal advertising证据substantiation证实testimonials商标trademark不正当广告unfair advertising美国专利与商标署U.S.Patent and Trademark Office行为广告action advertising实际消费者actual consumer农业广告agricultural advertising自传式讯息autobiographical message知晓广告awareness advertising品牌术branding工商广告business advertising企业对企业广告business-to-business advertis ing渠道channel辅助材料collateral materials消费者广告consumer advertising消费者consumer译码decode直接反应广告direct-response advertising戏剧式讯息drama message编码encode农场广告farm advertising反馈feedback全球性广告global advertising观点ideas形象广告image advertising预定消费者implied consumer倡导广告advocacy advertising伏击式营销ambush marketing视听材料audiovisual materials公告牌bulleting boards社会参与community involvement 企业广告corporate advertising企业识别广告corporate identity advertising 危机管理crisis management娱乐entertainment展品exhibits特写feature articles内部通报house organ以货代款in kind机构广告institutional advertising游说lobbying前期市场企业广告market prep corporate adv ertising营销公关marketing public relation暴露值exposure value市场、资金、媒介、组合、方法Ms起伏式flighting schedule频次frequency总印象gross impressions毛评点gross rating points市场markets组合mechanics媒介media媒介策划media planning媒介载体media vehicles讯息力度message weight方法methodology组合媒介法mixed-media approach资金money驱动值motivation value看见机会opportunity to see脉冲式pulsing schedule视听率rating到达率reach每册读者数readers per copy近期策划recency planning路障式roadblocking外溢媒介spillover media增效效应synergy电视户television households舆论领袖opinion leader集团买主organizational buyers感知perception感知过滤perceptual screens无意劝服路径periphial route to persuasion 个人过程personal processes劝服persuasion生理过滤physiological screens主动生成动机positively originated motives 购后失调学说postpurchase dissonance购后评估postpurchase evaluation潜在顾客prospective customers 心理过滤psychological screens参照人群reference groups经销商市场reseller markets选择性感知selective perception自我意识self-concept社会阶层social classes刺激stimulus亚文化subculture认知失调学说theory of cognitive dissonance 转换性动机transformational motives国际市场transnational markets效用utility欲望wants地理人口细分geodemographic segmentation 地理细分geographic segmentation成长期growth stage隐性差异hidden differenees独立品牌individual brand诱导性差异induced differences密集分销intensive distribution引入期introductory phase特许品牌licensed brand电话营销telemarketing使用率usage rates用户身份user status垂直营销体系vertical marketing system用量细分volume segmentation广告讯息advertising message广告计划advertising plan广告战略advertising strategy自下而上式营销bottom-up marketing传播媒介communiciations media企业目标corporate objectives创意组合creative mix试验调查法empirical research method整合营销传播integrated marketing communic ation顾客终身价值lifetime customer value营销目标marketing objectives营销计划marketing plan营销战略marketing strategy需求一满足式目标need-satisfying objectives 目标/任务法objective/task method销售百分比法percentage-of -sales method 产品概念product concept关系营销relationship marketing销售定向式目标sales-target objectives市场份额法/广告份额法share-of-market/share -of-voice method形势分析situation analysis利益相关者stakeholderSWOT分析（优势、弱势、机遇与威胁）stren gth/weakness/opportunity/threat analysis 战术tacics目标受众target-audience自上而下式营销top-down marketing回忆测试recall tests信度reliability销售测试sales tests样本sample样本单位sample units二级信息secondary data全面调查survey试验市场test market通用产品代码universal product code母体universe效度validity广告代理公司advertising agency艺术指导art directors美术工作室art studios全国性广告主协会ANA品牌经理brand manager企业对企业广告公司business-to-business ag ency集中式广告部centralized advertising departm ent分类广告classified advertising清仓广告clearance advertising联合广告cooperative advertising文案copy文案人员copywriter创意工作室creative boutique创意总监creative director分散式体制decentralized system部门式departmental system发展期development stage数字互联媒介digital interactive media直邮广告direct-mail advertising电子媒介electronic media手续费——代理费混合制fee-commission com bination推测性提案speculative presentation直接费制straight-fee system下游公司supplier终结期termination stage交通广告transit advertising纵向联合广告vertical cooperative advertising 网络设计社Web design house明确表示affirmative disclosure美国广告联盟AAF美国广告公司协会AAAA全国性广告主协会ANA商业促进局BBB停止/中止令cease-and-desist order比较广告comparative advertising服罪判决书consent decree 消费者保护团体consumer advocate消费者信息网络consumer information networ ks消费者保护主义consumerism版权copyright更正广告corrective advertising欺骗性广告deceptive advertising推荐endorsements道德广告ethical advertising联邦通讯委员会FCC联邦贸易委员会FTC食品与药品管理局FDA知识产权intellectual property长期宏观论long-term macro arguments全国广告处NAD国家广告审查局NARB国家广告审查委员会NARC非产品事实nonproduct facts营养标识与教育法Nutritional Labeling and E ducation Act工业时期industrial age工业化时期industrializing age国际广告international advertising地方性广告local advertising营销传播marketing communications营销公关marketing PR媒介medium讯息message叙述式讯息narrative message全国性广告national advertising噪音noise非商业广告noncommercial advertising非产品广告nonproduct advertising人员销售personal selling后工业时期postindustrial age前工业化时期preindustrial age产品广告product advertising专业广告professional advertising公共关系public relations公共关系活动public relations activities公共关系广告public relations advertising 受众receiver区域性广告regional advertising常规价格广告regular price-line advertising 零售广告retail advertising销售推广sales promotion信源source广告主/出资人sponsor资助性消费者sponsorial consumers目标受众target audience目标市场target market贸易广告trade advertising 社论式广告advertorial广告英语术语——销售用语广告津贴advertising allowance回购津贴buyback allowance目录catalog减价促销cents-off promotion套装赠送combination offer公司大会与经销商聚会company conventions & dealer meetings消费者销售推广consumer sales promotion竞赛contest联合广告cooperative/co-op advertising优惠券coupons顾客终身价值customer lifetime value数据进入data access数据管理data management数据库database数据库营销database marketing直接营销direct marketing直接反应广告direct-response advertising直接销售战略direct-sales strategy直接销售direct selling陈列津贴display allowance易地销售diverting电子优惠券electronic coupons提前购买forward buying广告插页free-standing inserts游戏game店内样品试用in-store sampling联络媒介linkage media人员销售personal selling售点材料point-of-purchase materials 什锦袋装样品polybagging 奖品premiums拉式战略pull strategy推销奖金push money/spiffs 推式战略push strategy原文已完。
论小说《金谷银山》的乡村现代化书写
‘齐齐哈尔大学学报“(哲学社会科学版)2024年1月Journal of Qiqihar University(Phi&Soc Sci) Jan.2024 收稿日期:2023-09-27 作者简介:柳应明(1969-),男,副教授,硕士㊂主要从事中国现当代文学研究㊂论小说‘金谷银山“的乡村现代化书写柳应明(盐城工学院人文社会科学学院,江苏盐城224051)摘 要:关仁山的长篇小说‘金谷银山“秉持现实主义精神,立足乡村实际,在乡村振兴的战略大背景下,谱写了一曲乡村现代化的壮丽画卷㊂小说中的白羊峪村顺应时代发展潮流,在脱贫攻坚㊁乡村振兴的实践中,探索了绿色环保的生态农业之路,并谋求全体村民的共同富裕,与城市之间建立起互惠互融的关系,进行了汲古创新的文化建设㊂‘金谷银山“中的乡村现代化书写正是中国式现代化的生动写照㊂关键词:‘金谷银山“;中国式现代化;乡村现代化中图分类号:I207.42 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-2638(2024)01-0116-04On the Rural Modernized Writing in the NovelGolden Valley and Silver MountainLIU Ying -ming(School of Humanitiesand Social science,Yancheng Institute of Technology ,Yancheng Jiangsu 224051,China) Abstract :GUAN Ren-shan’s novel Golden Valley and Silver Mountain upholds the spirit of realism,based on rural reality,andwrites a magnificent picture of rural modernization under the strategic background of rural revitalization.In the novel,Baiyangyu Villagefollows the trend of the times,in the practice of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,it explores the road of green and environ⁃mental protection ecological agriculture,seeks the common prosperity of all villagers,establishes a mutually beneficial relationship withthe city,and carries out the cultural construction of ancient innovation.The description of rural modernization in Golden Valley and Sil⁃ver Mountain is a vivid portrayal of Chinese-style modernization. Key words :Golden Valley and Silver Mountain ;Chinese-Style modernization;rural modernization 关仁山的长篇小说‘金谷银山“(最初发表于‘中国作家“2017年第9㊁10期,作家出版社2017年10月出版单行本㊂本文所依据的是发表版)是其 农村三部曲”之后的又一部长篇力作㊂作为对当下脱贫攻坚㊁新农村建设事业最迅捷的反映,‘金谷银山“沿袭了作者一贯的乡士情怀和现实主义精神,它关注农村与农民的命运,探索了脱贫致富㊁乡村振兴之路的诸多途径(诸如绿色环保的生产方式,谋求全体村民的共富之路,与城市之间的互惠互融关系以及汲古创新的文化建设等)㊂如果我们从乡村现代化的视角来看这篇六年前发表的作品,那就不得不佩服作者的超前眼光了㊂党的二十大报告提出了 中国式现代化”的蓝图,指出,中国式现代化是 人口规模巨大的现代化”㊁ 全体人民共同富裕的现代化”㊁ 物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化”㊁ 人与自然和谐共生的现代化”㊂[1](P22-23)在二十大召开前五年发表的‘金谷银山“中的乡村现代化书写正,与 中国式现代化”的蓝图高度契合㊂一㊁探索绿色环保的生产方式‘金谷银山“中的白羊峪地处燕山脚下,生存环境恶劣:白羊峪的人住的是石头房,走的是石板街,牛马猪羊也是住的是石头圈㊂ 虽说这石头上有水有树有长城,可这景再好,又不能吃,不能嚼,又换不来钞票㊂”于是,一些人搬到山下讨生活去了㊂ 如今的白羊峪就剩下二三十几户人家了,老弱病残占了一半㊂”村子对外交通困难,下山的唯一道路上却有一段 鬼难蹬”,长三百多米,却有四个 不能走”: 一是老人小孩不能走,二是夜里不能走,三是雪天不能走,四是酒后不能走㊂”村支书费大贵说: 白羊峪山高路险,生存条件恶劣,已经不适合新农村建设的要求了㊂县上镇上都发了文件,就是全村整体搬迁㊂”但留下来的白羊峪人不愿搬迁,只能过着饿不死富不了㊁毫无希望的生活㊂就是在这样的条件下,范少山开始了他的创业㊂不同于上世纪八九十年代乡镇企业的遍地开花,范少山首先想到的不是办厂开矿,而是种植业,并且也不搞大棚种植,范少山要搞的有机生态农业㊂这是时代环境使然,也是范少山朴素的生态意识使然㊂从小说的描写看,范少山的生态意识首先应是受到他爷爷范老井的影响㊂ 范老井是白羊峪的百科全书式的老者㊂他对白羊峪的山水草木㊁人畜碑城㊁人事变迁都了然于胸㊂他遵循中国乡土天人合一㊁万物有灵的古老哲学,对山林里的生灵用一生的时间去感同身受㊁平等对待,相信万物有思想感情,把银杏树㊁狼㊁鹿等自然物神化或人格化㊂”[2]小说写了一件十多年前的事儿,那时上头要求 村村建厂,户户冒烟”㊂邻村黑羊峪先走一步,开了铁矿厂㊂虽然赚到了钱,但严重污染了环境,噪声㊁烟尘毒害了人们的健康,十几个工人得了矽肺,五六个村民得了肺癌㊂范老井当时就对费大贵说: 支书,记住喽,没了绿水青山就啥都没了㊂”他饲养鹿,而狼又是鹿的天敌㊂但他打狼只是对狼吃鹿的报复,且即使在打狼时还不忘对狼的怜悯㊂最后他与一条瘸腿的老狼成了伴儿㊂范少山的生态意识更是受到习近平 两山”理论的启发,他在谈到粮食㊁种子问题时很自然的引用习近平的话就是明证㊂ 绿水青山凸显自然主义,要求在人与自然的关系上实现最大的善价值,这种善价值要在人与自然之间寻求最佳平衡点,表现为既追求人好又追求自然美㊂”[3]也就是要处理好经济发展与环境保护之间的关系㊂按传统的思路,白羊峪的绿水青山只能解决村民们的温饱,因为交通困难,不通电,无法让村民致富,在脱贫攻坚㊁乡村振兴的战略中已经掉队,因此政府对白羊峪的要求是整体搬迁㊂范少山却认为白羊峪还没到整体搬迁的地步: 俺觉着咱白羊峪有文章做啊!山地多,森林多,还有长城呢!”于是他开启了新时代的创业之路㊂范少山在白羊峪的创业走的是一条绿色生态之路,决不以损害环境为代价㊂他因地制宜,宜种则种,宜养则养,宜游则游㊂受梦境的启发,他千里迢迢到太行山求取金谷子种子,种植成功后扩大规模,为白羊峪的发展积攒了第一桶金㊂后来又培植 永不腐烂的金苹果”,坚决不打农药㊁不施化肥,历经四年终获成功㊂发现了溶洞后又搞旅游开发,并成立了旅游公司㊂范少山的生态意识还受农业大学孙教授的影响㊂一次,孙教授对他说: 太可怕了!我看了资料,中国百分之七十的大豆,百分之九十的蔬菜是从国外公司购入的,这些种子大多是外国种子!外国种子水稻㊁大豆㊁玉米中的各种农药含量都远远高于天然农作物的千百倍!甚至更多!种子坏了,人能好吗?这样的食品能引发癌症等多种疾病!”这不仅激发了范少山的生态意识,还点燃了他的爱国情怀,他四处淘换非外国种子,从金谷子㊁金苹果,到青椒㊁西红柿㊁黄瓜㊁萝卜等,他发誓: 俺要跟外国种子比试比试!习近平总书记都说了,中国人的饭碗要端在自己手里,饭碗要装自己的粮食!”他立志要 打造中国北方的种子库㊂”经过几年的努力,范少山获得了成功,白羊峪的村民脱贫致富了,不但保住了绿水青山,还发展成了旅游观光村㊂小说的最后,范少山自豪地说: 俺们白羊峪,如今是旅游村了㊂欢迎各位到白羊峪做客,好山好水好乡亲,等着你们啊!说到白羊峪的农产品 俺们只种纯天然㊁无公害㊁非外国种子的!只种绿色食品认证的!别的,俺们没兴趣!”食品的健康㊁安全事关亿万人民的福祉, 健康中国2030”战略的实施离不开农业生产的绿色转型!解决了温饱问题的中国人开始追求高品质的生活,社会生产方式就应该朝着满足人民美好生活愿望的方向转型,中国农业未来的发展就应该是绿色㊁环保㊁有机㊁生态的㊂如果我们看到老百姓购买食品时总要反复查看是否转基因的一幕幕场景,我们都应为范少山的努力点赞!白羊峪真正走出了一条 生产发展㊁生活富裕㊁生态良好的文明发展道路”㊂[1]23二、谋求全体村民的共同富裕实现全体人民的共同富裕”是中国式现代化的本质要求㊂小说主人公范少山以‘创业史“中的梁生宝为榜样,立志带领白羊峪全体村民走向共同富裕㊂他对父亲说: 俺觉着人活着就要有梦,我的梦就是白羊峪;人得越活越明白,稀里糊涂不中啊!”小说这样写道:他从老德安的死说到白羊峪家家户户的苦处,又从范氏祖先范仲淹的 先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”说到了自己个的小小抱负㊂范少山说: 祖先范仲淹心里头装着全天下,那叫大胸怀啊!我范少山心里头装个白羊峪,我想有点小胸怀中不?我先发个誓,就干一年,干完一年,有变化没变化我都走㊂”范德忠说: 看你能的!你一个人就是浑身是铁,能碾几个钉?”范德忠气儿没消,但语气明显软和了些㊂范少山说得有点狠: 我就是碾成一颗钉,也要钉在这白羊峪!”范少山回村创业绝不是为自己,如果是为自己,他完全可以不回村,他在北京已经小有所成㊂他回村创业就是要带领全体村民实现共同富裕㊂中国农民共同富裕的道路究竟应该怎样走?家庭联产承包制使农民基本解决了温饱问题,但不可能让农民走向富裕㊂无农不稳,无工不富成为国人的共识,所以上世纪八九十年代乡镇企业遍地开花㊂但这些乡镇企业无法吸收全部的农村剩余劳动力,也无力带动农民走向共同富裕,且大多数乡镇企业都没有解决好排污问题,它们给农民带来收益的同时,也破坏了生态环境㊂此其一㊂其二,中国农村最大的问题是人多地少,当 有限的土地在极度地发挥了它的潜力后,粮食产量不再提高,而化肥㊁农药㊁种子以及各种各样的税费迅速上涨㊂”[4](P561)农村又一次陷入相对贫困甚至破败,农民致富的希望只能投向城市,史无前例的民工潮有力地验证了这个现实㊂其三,随着经济全球化的到来,单打独斗的个体经营方式已经落伍,更不用说参与国际市场竞争了㊂因此,中国农业必须转型升级,走集体化㊁规模化㊁现代化的经营之路㊂‘金谷银山“中的白羊峪走的就是这样的道路,将全村的土地进行了流转,搞规模种植;成立了合作社,按照现代企业管理方式进行公司化的运作管理;运用互联网㊁新媒体进行宣传,营销农产品㊂后来又不断扩大规模,转包了附近几个村子的土地,建成了万亩金谷子种植基地㊂先是成立了白羊峪土地流转中心,对村里土地经营地承包权㊁林权等等进行了确权登记,让乡亲们把产权揣进了兜里㊂这下,土地的所有权㊁承包权㊁经营权就明确了㊂农民带711 第1期论小说‘金谷银山“的乡村现代化书写着经营权参社人股,利润分成也讲得透亮的:合作社百分之三十,村集体百分之三十,村民百分之四十㊂村民拿大头㊂这发展模式叫 党支部+合作社+公司+农户”㊂村里成立了白羊峪经济发展合作社,两个公司(金苹果公司㊁金谷子公司),农户都入了社,农产品市场的营销模式则是 互联网+农产品”㊁ 合作社+物流”㊂小说中特别写到: 土地流转最大的好处是将多年的土地问题全部 清零’㊂因为‘农村土地承包法“明确规定,土地承包三十年不变,增人不增地,减人不减地,这就产生了一些不公平,比如村里老人去世后,他的地还在;有的家里新添了人口,但没有地㊂”范少山的办法是实现土地全流转,只要有户口的村民都可以获得集体土地收益,按照户口本的实有人口分红㊂这种做法解决了农村土地承包过程中出现的一些新矛盾,应该值得许多农村借鉴㊂白羊峪村民们的土地被集中流转,村民每年都有分红㊂平时则到合作社㊁旅游公司上班,按劳所得拿工资㊂所有的村民都有事情做,山下流转来的土地甚至要雇外村人干活㊂后来,白羊峪还创办了食堂,为行动不便的孤寡老人提供伙食㊂这是乌托邦吗?这就是现实中的新农村!各种纪实文学㊁新闻媒体书写㊁报道了一个又一个这样的新农村,我们常常耳闻目见,见惯不怪了㊂相比之下,小说中的新农村还是太少了!三㊁构建互惠互融的城乡关系由于长期的城乡二元体制,我国的城乡关系一度处于紧张甚至冲突的状态,随着改革开放㊁经济发展㊁城镇化进程的加快,乡村越发边缘化㊁空心化,甚至荒漠化㊂许多小说中都写到了这些,尤其是农民工题材小说㊂应该说,城乡二元结构㊁城市与乡村的对立与冲突,只是中国特殊国情㊁特殊历史阶段的产物,是中国现代化征程中的一个阶段㊂理想的城乡关系不应是城市乡村化㊁乡村城市化,而应是城乡互惠互融,又保持各自特性的一体化发展, 让城市融入大自然,让居民望得见山㊁看得见水㊁记得住乡愁”㊂[5]而乡村在融入现代理念(如平等㊁民主㊁法治等)的同时,仍对优秀的传统文化理念(如和谐㊁生态等)汲古而创新,从而构建新时代的城乡共同体,形成 工农互促㊁城乡互补㊁协调发展㊁共同繁荣的新型工农城乡关系,加快农业农村现代化”㊂[6]‘金谷银山“中的城乡关系正是这样㊂这里的农民也进城打工,也有失败的㊁被骗的,但总体上的城乡关系是和谐的,是互惠互融的㊂白羊峪的农民进城打工㊁做生意也有成功者,更重要的是他们增长了见识,学到了先进的生产㊁经营㊁管理理念和技术;城市人也不再是乡村的掠夺者,而是乡村振兴资金㊁技术的提供者,有机农产品的消费者,青山绿水的旅游观光者㊂小说中的许多农民也不再是传统意义上的农民了,他们更像现代企业家㊂比如,主人公范少山: 他是农民,他不是传统意义的农民㊂他奔走于城乡之间,不扛锄头,只拿手机㊂他在茶室里谈生意,比去田间地头多㊂除了白羊峪,他还拥抱了在山外的平原大地,带着更多的农民奔好日子㊂”他种植有机农产品,就是受城市人对食品品质追求的启发,许多技术上的难题也是向城里的孙教授请教;他的 金谷子”与 金苹果”也主要供应城里人;发展乡村旅游,也是吸引城里人来白羊峪领略生态农业与山水之美㊂ 而今,范少山离不开农村,也离不开城市㊂就像杏儿在北京的电商 白羊峪’品牌,农村有城市,城市有农村,你中有我,我中有你,分得清吗?”出生于本地的成功企业家,如马玉刚㊁庞大辉等人,也都尽己所能地 反哺”家乡,帮助白羊峪人安装太阳能光伏板㊂大学生欧阳春兰更是考到白羊峪当了村官㊂美国学者帕克说: 城市与乡村在当代文明中代表着相互对立的两极㊂城与乡各有其特有的利益㊁兴趣,特有的社会组织和特有的人性㊂它们形成一个既相互对立,又互为补充的世界㊂二者的生活方式互为影响,但又绝不是平等相配的㊂随着城市的影响不断向广大农村渗入,农村人也在被改造的过程中,二者之间的差异是会逐渐消失的㊂”[7](P275)我国庞大的农村人口决定了现代化不可能是 乡村的消亡”,而是城乡长期共存㊁共同繁荣,乡村现代化也离不开城市的帮助与支持,它与城市的关系也应该是互惠互融的㊂四㊁进行汲古创新的文化建设中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化㊂物质富足㊁精神富有是社会主义现代化的根本要求㊂”[1](P22)范少山在带领白羊峪村民脱贫致富的过程中并没有忘记乡村文化建设㊂乡村文化建设既关乎村民文化素养的提升,也关乎到能否有效进行乡村治理,没有统一的模式或样板,只能通过摸索,找到符合地方特色的路径㊂在这方面,习近平的 两个结合”论具有鲜明的指导意义,即 坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合㊁同中华优秀传统文化相结合”㊂[8]中国传统优秀文化是建立在农耕文明基础上的文化,源远流长,博大精深,内涵十分丰富,不仅对于国人道德品质的形成㊁文明素养的涵化具有无可比拟的优势,而且在乡村治理中发挥着巨大的作用㊂许多历史悠久的传统村落也都形成了自己的文化传统,比如乡绅乡贤文化㊁家族文化㊁祠堂文化㊁邻里文化㊁村落共同体文化㊁天人文化,各种礼仪习俗,乡村治理中的族长制㊁村规民约等等㊂现代化进程中的乡村文化建设与乡村治理不应完全割断传统,另起炉灶,而必须循序渐进,根据村情村貌汲古而创新㊂新时代的乡村文化建设与乡村治理自然要与时俱进,秉持现代文明㊁法治的理念,但显然不能忽视优秀传统文化伦理的作用,对于世代居住在一起的乡民来说,或许后者在他们心目中更具有威力或者说是约束力㊂中国共有约50万个村庄,由于地域辽阔,各地乡村在自然资源禀赋㊁生产生活方式㊁风土人情㊁社会习俗诸方面存在着显著的差异性和多元性,区域性和地方性特点鲜明㊂既然 中国可以而且应当以独特的乡村振兴道路为全球解决现代化进程中的乡村问题贡献中国智慧和中国方案,而构成中国乡村的每一个村庄,同样可以而且应当以具有自身特色的村庄经济㊁社会㊁生态㊁治理和文化发展模式,为乡村振兴战略的实施提供具有典型意义的 地方性知识’㊂”而 家族文化㊁祠堂文化等为形式的乡村伦理文化,正是中国乡村至今仍然存在并发挥作用的 地方性特色’的重要显现㊂”[9]这些内嵌于农民心灵深处的乡村地方性知识 具备村社共同体自发秩序的基础性意义,是服务于人们共同体应对生存和生活需要的重要合作模式”㊂[10]811齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ‘金谷银山“中的白羊峪人在乡村治理中首先遵循的是法治,如对回村毁树闹事的几个无赖,范少山果断报警,用法律武器维护了村民的正当权益㊂而在文化建设中他们又充分利用了本村的 地方性知识”㊂为保障村里的适龄儿童(尽管加上邻村的孩子只有6人)有学上,他们修缮了毁弃的校舍,办起了白羊峪小学,聘请邻村的泰奶奶做校长兼教员㊂在乡村伦理文化的重建中,他们充分尊重并利用了传统,范少山认为 ‘白羊峪村训“影响了俺村一代人,教化了民风啊!没有规矩不能成方圆㊂”于是,千方百计寻找到康熙年间的古碑(上有康熙亲笔题写的村训),立在村口,一字不改,作为当下的村训: 长城脚下,白羊峪村,三十二家,村旁四方,葱绿燕山,百树护村,做善积福,毁木霸地,作恶招祸,天地有眼,会有报应,好人好报,恶人恶报,厚德养灵,福为善庆,子孙万代,永远传承㊂”应该说,这个古老的村训在村民的心中比重新订立一个村规民约更具威慑力和说服力㊂为了告诫村民不要再偷盗长城砖,他们立下了知耻碑: 过去,我们大错铸成,拆长城砖砌畜圈垒院墙,国宝当作自家物,羞愧难当,无地自容!而今,我们幡然醒悟,迷途知返㊂为了被我们拆走的长城城砖,立下此碑,刻上心中的痛,以明耻辱,警后世㊂白羊峪村村民2016年10月26日㊂”两个碑一古一今,正映现出白羊峪村的历史与未来㊂总之,近十多年来,我们的农村题材小说更擅长批判性的描写,曾过多地书写农村的贫困㊁衰败,对乡村现代化建设的书写远远跟不上时代的发展,杰出的作品更是少之又少,这与柳青创作‘创业史“时的情形形成鲜明反差㊂20世纪50年代的合作化运动吸引了许多作家投身此类题材的创作,并产生了大量优秀的文学作品,特别是‘三里湾“‘创业史“‘山乡巨变“等已成为一个时代的经典㊂与当下如火如荼的乡村现代化㊁新农村建设实践相比,我们的文学创作似乎有些滞后了㊂而 文艺创作如果只是单纯记述现状㊁原始展示丑恶,而没有对光明的歌颂㊁对理想的抒发㊁对道德的引导,就不能鼓舞人民前进㊂应该用现实主义精神和浪漫主义情怀观照现实生活,用光明驱散黑暗,用美善战胜丑恶,让人们看到美好㊁看到希望㊁看到梦想就在前方㊂”[11]20关仁山也认为: 写乡村的作品仅有批判能力是不够的,还需要建设能力,经济建设㊁道德建设和文化建设㊂”[12]党的二十大报告擘画了中国式现代化的伟大蓝图: 从二Ο二Ο年到二Ο三五年基本实现社会主义现代化”, 农村基本具备现代生活条件”, 美丽中国目标基本实现”,[1]24-25 建设宜居宜业和美乡村”[1]31㊂现代化没有统一的模板模式,乡村现代化尤其如此㊂白羊峪村的现代化实践也许并不是最完美的(或者说现实中难有如此样样俱全的小村),但它所坚持的绿色发展㊁共同富裕㊁城乡互惠㊁汲古创新的理念是正确的,它走的是一条 生产发展㊁生活富裕㊁生态良好的文明发展道路”[1]23,它所要达到的目标正是 宜居宜业和美乡村”[1]31㊂中国式现代化建设无疑为当代文学开拓了富于时代特征的崭新题材领域,建设 美丽中国”的伟大实践离不开农业强㊁农民富㊁农村美的乡村现代化建设,期待有更多的小说来谱写这个伟大的时代㊁伟大的事业,从而 让中国故事和中国精神在卓越的艺术创造中焕发璀璨的光芒㊂”[13] 参考文献:[1]习近平.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗 在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告[M ].北京:人民出版社,2022.[2]宋扬,林喦.宏大而温柔的乡愁叙事 评满族作家关仁山长篇小说‘金谷银山“[J ].满族文学,2019(02):134-141.[3]陈倩倩.习近平 两山理论”的生态伦理内涵探析[J ].学校党建与思想教育,2021(14):25-27.[4]贾平凹.秦腔[M ].广州:作家出版社,2005.[5]新华社.中央城镇化工作会议在北京举行[N ].人民日报,2013-12-15(01).[6]中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报[EB /OL ].https :// /2020/10/29/AR⁃TI1603964233795881.shtml ,2023-6-25.[7][美]R ㊃E ㊃帕克.城市社会学[M ].宋俊岭,吴建华,王登斌,译.北京:华厦出版社,1987.[8]习近平.在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的讲话[EB /OL ].http :// /pc /paper /c /202107/02/content_90716.html ,2023-6-25.[9]王露璐.中国式现代化进程中的乡村振兴与伦理重建[J ].中国社会科学,2021(12):89-109.[10]周庆智.地方性规范:作为乡村扩展秩序的基础[J ].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2020(05):1-11.[11]习近平.在文艺工作座谈会上的讲话[M ].北京,人民出版社,2015.[12]关仁山.让农民庄严的人生站立起来[EB /OL ].http :// /n1/2017/1130/c415621-29677623.html ,2023-06-25.[13]铁凝.中国作家协会第九次全国代表大会闭幕词[N ].光明日报,2016-12-05(04).(责任编辑 吴明东)911 第1期论小说‘金谷银山“的乡村现代化书写。
乡土中国和数字化关系作文
乡土中国和数字化关系作文In the vast expanse of China's countryside, where the scent of the earth and the whispers of ancient customs permeate the air, a new revolution is quietly taking place. The digital transformation is not just a buzzword in the urban metropolises; it is also seeping into the rural heartlands, reshaping the very fabric of rural life. This essay aims to explore the intricate relationship between the traditional essence of rural China and the modern phenomenon of digitalization.The Chinese countryside, often characterized by its rich cultural heritage and agricultural roots, has long been a bastion of tradition. However, with the advent of digital technology, the rural landscape is undergoing a profound transformation. The digital divide that once separated urban and rural areas is gradually narrowing, as internet connectivity and smart devices become more accessible.One of the most significant impacts of digitalization in rural China is the empowerment of its inhabitants. Through e-commerce platforms, farmers can now market their produce directly to consumers, bypassing traditional supply chains and gaining better returns for their labor. This not only improves their economic status but also introduces them to a global marketplace, where they can learn about new farming techniques and market trends.Education, another critical aspect of rural life, is also being revolutionized by digitalization. Online learning platforms are bridging the gap between rural students and quality educational resources. Children in remote villages can now access the same educational materials as their urban counterparts, leveling the playing field and offering them opportunities that were previously unimaginable.Moreover, digitalization is facilitating better governance in rural areas. The use of digital tools for public services, such as online registration for social benefits and agricultural subsidies, is making the process more transparent and efficient. This has the potential to reduce corruption and ensure that government support reaches those who need it most.However, the integration of digital technology into rural life is not without its challenges. There is a need for digital literacy programs to ensure that the rural population can effectively use these new tools. Additionally, concerns about data privacy and cybersecurity must be addressed to protect the interests of rural communities.In conclusion, the relationship between rural China and digitalization is a dynamic and evolving one. As digital technology continues to penetrate the countryside, it holds the promise of transforming rural life for the better, offering new opportunities for economic growth, education, and governance. Yet, it also requires a thoughtful approach to ensure that the benefits are inclusive and that the unique cultural identity of rural China is preserved in the process.The digital revolution in the Chinese countryside is not just about technology; it is about people, their traditions, and their future.。
农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效评价——以贵州省湄潭县为例
第 40 卷 ，第 4 期2023 年8 月15 日国土资源科技管理Vol. 40，No.4 Aug. 15，2023Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-4210.2023.04.006收稿日期：2023-03-29；改回日期：2023-04-12基金项目：教育部人文社会科学基金项目（17YJC630228）作者简介：赵姚阳（1977—），男，副教授，从事土地经济与政策研究。
E-mail ：*******************农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效评价——以贵州省湄潭县为例赵姚阳，严燕茹（河海大学 公共管理学院，江苏 南京 211100）摘 要：农村集体经营性建设用地入市是盘活土地资源、健全土地市场、提高土地资源配置效率等的重要举措，对农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效进行评价更能反映出入市改革中的不足和进步。
本文运用DEA 模型对湄潭县的湄江街道、鱼泉街道、马山镇、兴隆镇、永兴镇5个乡镇（街道）、2015—2021年的农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效进行测算。
结果表明：（1）湄潭县农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效水平较低，技术效率对入市整体绩效的影响更大；农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效水平排名为：湄江街道＞鱼泉街道＞兴隆镇＞永兴镇＞马山镇，区位条件以及经济发展水平影响湄潭县各乡镇（街道）的农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效。
（2）湄潭县农村集体经营性建设用地入市规模报酬大多数处于递减阶段，存在投入资源浪费现象。
当前可以通过设置合理的入市规模、改善区位条件、提升入市主体业务能力等来提高农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效。
关键词：农村集体经营性建设用地；入市绩效；效率；DEA 模型中图分类号：F321.1 文献标志码：Ａ 文章编号：1009-4210-（2023）04-060-07Performance evaluation of rural collective management construction land entering the market: A case study of Meitan County ，Guizhou ProvinceZHAO Yao-yang ，YAN Yan-ru（School of Public Administration ，Hohai University ，Nanjing 211100，Jiangsu ，China ）Abstract: Rural collective construction land ’s entry of the market is an important measure to revitalize land resources ，improve the system of land market ，optimize the allocation of land resources and increase farmers ’ property income . The performance evaluation for rural collective construction land ’s entering of market is needed to better reflect the weaknesses and progress in this reform . By using DEA model ，the market performance of rural collective management construction land in five towns (streets) of Meitan County from 2015 to 2021 was calculated . The results show that ：(1) The performance level of rural collective construction land in Meitan County is low ，and the technical efficiency has a greater impact on the overall performance ；The ranking of the performance level of rural collective construction land第4期赵姚阳，等：农村集体经营性建设用地入市绩效评价entering the market is as follows：Meijiang Street ＞ Yuquan Street ＞ Xinglong Town ＞ Yongxing Town ＞ Mashan Town，and location conditions and the level of economic development level are two factors playing a big role in the performance of rural collective construction land entering the market in Meitan County. (2) In Meitan County，returns to scale of rural collective management construction land entering the market are mostly decreasing，and waste of input resources exists. At present，the performance of rural collective construction land can be improved by setting a reasonable market entry scale，improving location conditions and enhancing the business capacity of market entities.Key words: Rural collective management construction land；Market entry performance；Efficiency；DEA model我国城市化进程不断加快，经济发展和城市人口的增加给城市土地供应带来巨大压力。
山西省乡村旅游行业市场现状分析及未来三到五年发展趋势报告
山西省乡村旅游行业市场现状分析及未来三到五年发展趋势报告Title: Analysis of the Current Market Situation in Shanxi's Rural Tourism Industry and a Report on Future Development Trends in the Next Three to Five YearsAbstract:This article aims to analyze the current market situation of the rural tourism industry in Shanxi province and provide insights into its future development trends over the next three to five years. It will examine the key factors influencing the industry's growth, challenges faced, and opportunities for expansion. The analysis will be based on empirical data, industry reports, and expert opinions.1. Introduction:The rural tourism industry in Shanxi province has witnessed significant growth in recent years. Its unique cultural heritage, rich history, and picturesque landscapes have attracted a growing number of domestic and international tourists. This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysisof the current market situation and forecast the industry's development trends in the near future.2. Current Market Situation Analysis:2.1 Market Size and Growth: The rural tourism industry in Shanxi province has experienced steady growth in recent years, with an increasing number of tourists visiting rural areas. The market size has expanded significantly, contributing to the overall economic development of the province.2.2 Key Factors Influencing the Market:2.2.1 Cultural Heritage: Shanxi's rich cultural heritage, including ancient temples, traditional villages, and historical sites, has become a major attraction for tourists seeking an authentic rural experience.2.2.2 Natural Landscapes: The province boasts diverse natural landscapes, such as the Taihang Mountains and Yellow River, which provide ample opportunities for outdoor activities and nature-based tourism.2.2.3 Government Support: The local government has implemented various policies and initiatives to promote rural tourism, including infrastructure development, investmentincentives, and marketing campaigns.2.3 Challenges Faced by the Industry:2.3.1 Limited Awareness: Despite its potential, rural tourism in Shanxi still faces limited awareness among both domestic and international tourists. More efforts are required to promote the unique cultural and natural attractions of the province.2.3.2 Infrastructure Development: The lack of adequate infrastructure, including transportation, accommodation, and tourist facilities, poses a challenge to the industry's growth and visitor satisfaction.2.3.3 Quality of Services: Some rural tourism operators may lack the necessary skills and resources to provide high-quality services, which may negatively affect the overall visitor experience.3. Future Development Trends:3.1 Sustainable Tourism: In the coming years, there will be a growing emphasis on sustainable tourism practices in Shanxi's rural tourism industry. This includes promoting eco-friendly activities, preserving cultural heritage, andensuring the well-being of local communities.3.2 Technology Integration: The industry will increasingly adopt technology to enhance visitor experiences and streamline operations. This includes the use of mobile applications, online booking platforms, and virtual reality to showcase attractions and provide interactive experiences.3.3 Diversification of Tourism Products: To attract a wider range of visitors, the industry will focus on diversifying tourism products and offering unique experiences. This may include agri-tourism, rural homestays, and cultural immersion programs.3.4 Collaboration and Partnerships: Collaboration between local governments, tourism operators, and other stakeholders will be crucial for the industry's growth. Joint marketing efforts, knowledge sharing, and resource pooling can help overcome challenges and leverage opportunities.4. Conclusion:The rural tourism industry in Shanxi province has great potential for growth and development. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, such as cultural heritage, natural landscapes, and government support,the industry can attract more visitors and contribute to the sustainable economic development of the region. By embracing sustainable practices, integrating technology, diversifying tourism products, and fostering collaborations, the industry can thrive in the next three to five years and beyond.摘要：本文旨在分析山西省乡村旅游行业的市场现状，并提供未来三到五年发展趋势的见解。
沈从文《市集》读后感500字
沈从文《市集》读后感500字Shen Congwen's "Market" is a vivid portrayal of the bustling life in a small rural market, filled with colorful characters and intricate social interactions. The story, set against the backdrop of a typical Chinese countryside,captures the essence of rural life with remarkable detail and authenticity.What struck me most about this short story is the author's exquisite use of language. Shen Congwen's narratives are filled with rich imagery and metaphor, creating a vivid tapestry of sights, sounds, and smells that transport the reader to the heart of the market. His description of the vendor's Bargaining skills, the customers' haggling, and the overall hustle and bustle bring the scene to life, making it seem as though one is actually present in the middle of the market.Another noteworthy aspect is Shen Congwen's subtle exploration of the complexities of human nature and society. Through the interactions between the different characters in the market, he highlights the intricate dynamics of social relationships and the subtleties of human emotions. He captures the essence of rural life, its joy, struggle, and hope, painting a picture that is both beautiful and profound.In conclusion, "Market" is a brilliant example of Shen Congwen's mastery of the craft of storytelling. It is a delightful read that offers a深刻 glimpse into the rich tapestry of rural life in China, with its unique blend of humor, pathos, and profound insights into human nature. The story leaves a lasting impression, making one appreciate the beauty and complexity of rural life, even in its simplest forms.《市集》读后感沈从文的《市集》以其对农村市集生活的细腻描绘，给我留下了深刻的印象。
国贸英语试题及答案
国贸英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a term related tointernational trade?A. ImportB. ExportC. Trade balanceD. Domestic market2. The process of importing goods from one country to another is called:A. ExportingB. ImportingC. TradingD. Negotiating3. What is the most common method of payment in international trade?A. Cash on deliveryB. Letter of creditC. BarterD. Consignment4. In international trade, what does the term "FOB" stand for?A. Free on boardB. Free of chargeC. Full option boardD. Future of business5. Which of the following is a risk associated with international trade?A. Currency fluctuationB. Market demandC. Product qualityD. All of the above6. What is the purpose of a commercial invoice ininternational trade?A. To provide a record of the transactionB. To serve as a legal document for customsC. To act as a contract between buyer and sellerD. Both A and B7. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is involved in:A. Setting trade policiesB. Developing trade rules and standardsC. Regulating international tradeD. Facilitating trade negotiations8. Which of the following is not a type of internationaltrade agreement?A. Free trade agreementB. Bilateral agreementC. Trade embargoD. Trade surplus9. What is the role of a customs broker in international trade?A. To negotiate trade dealsB. To facilitate the customs clearance processC. To provide financial servicesD. To manage international logistics10. The term "countertrade" refers to:A. Trading goods for other goodsB. Trading services for servicesC. Trading goods for servicesD. Trading services for goods二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The ________ is the difference between the value of a country's exports and imports.2. A ________ is a written promise by a bank to pay aspecified sum of money to a named payee.3. The ________ is the process of determining the value of goods for customs purposes.4. The term "CIF" stands for "Cost, Insurance, and ________."5. An ________ is a document that certifies the quality, quantity, and description of the goods being shipped.6. The ________ is a document that provides evidence of the ownership of goods.7. A ________ is a type of trade agreement that allows forthe exchange of goods without the use of money.8. The ________ is the process of determining the origin of goods for trade purposes.9. A ________ is a type of agreement where two or more countries agree to reduce trade barriers.10. The ________ is a document that provides a detailed description of the goods being shipped, including their value, quantity, and destination.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain the concept of "countertrade" in international trade.2. Describe the role of a letter of credit in facilitating international trade transactions.3. What are the benefits of using a commercial invoice in international trade?4. Discuss the importance of customs clearance in the process of international trade.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）1. Case Study: A company in China is exporting goods to the United States. The buyer requests a letter of credit as a method of payment. Discuss the steps the exporter should take to ensure a smooth transaction.2. Case Study: A European company is interested in importing products from a developing country. The developing country has imposed a trade embargo on certain goods. Analyze the potential implications for the European company and suggest alternative strategies for trade.五、论述题（每题30分，共30分）Discuss the impact of globalization on international trade and the role of multinational corporations in shaping global trade patterns.答案：一、选择题1-5 D B B A D6-10 B B B B A二、填空题1. Trade deficit or surplus2. Letter of credit3. Valuation4. Freight5. Certificate of quality6. Bill of lading7. Barter8. Classification9. Free trade agreement10. Bill of sale三、简答题1. Countertrade is a type of trade where goods are exchanged for other goods or services without the use of money. It can help countries with limited foreign exchange to engage in international trade.2. A letter of credit provides a guarantee of payment from a bank to the seller, reducing the risk of non-payment in international trade transactions.3. A commercial invoice serves as a record of the。
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The rural market
B09712 陈晓倩Rural market,originated along with the development of Buddhist and Taoist activities，are a kind of mass gatherings that integrate religious worship，entertainment and commerce. Winter impending, there is a new scene in the rural market: under the width of the sky and the glare of the sun, through the roaring of the gale and the far-off smoke of houses, people wrapped in thick clothes, stalls lining on the frozen earth…
But one scene refuses to change, which is one of the peculiarities of the rural market ---causality, both of people and of goods. A farmer can still pick some fresh vegetables from his own vegetable plot and bring them to this market to get some money to buy some tobacco; a girl can still knit some lovely knitwear and bring them here to change for some pocket money, a woman can still bake some tasty cookies and bring here to sell and buy housekeeping subsidy.
Open wide your eyes,look,there is clothes,snack，and kongfu….The foll owers send out attractive semll,you can enjoy perfumes….. Many merchants are crying their goods,listen, “one yuan store,so cheap and so nice ,you can find something that you are looking for!””Fashion shirts, so beautiful and it’s the only one in the marke t!””Do you need a pair of shoes?My shoes are durable,you can wear it more than one year!” It’s a common market day in my hometown. This market provies goods and services for about 10 villages. I rememered when I was young, I liked went to market with my mum. My mum took my hand very tight, I enjoyed the varies things. Different people,different goods,different services,different semlls, different animals.
It’s sells very delicious! I feel a little hungry. I went to the food street, I eat a lot , such as mutton, harm, vegetables. I was as happy as a lively bird.
The farmer, pipe in hand and with leisurely grin, uses a chatting tongue to bargain with the would-be buyers. The girl, proud of her delicate handcraft, and standing in a corner with face pink, tries to cry out these artwork but yields out of shy. To the woman, by comparison, the piece of feminine shy is overwhelmed by her frankness and outgoing. Now with a big smile she is calling the passers-by to have a taste of her cookies.
Hence it is rare to see goods here stacked in a large quantity, neatly and gracefully just like that in the supermarket where the waiters are either standing straightly while keeping one eye on you or answering you with coolly courtesy. In the rural market, however, you are embraced with the true nature, the true people, and the true life, the embrace from the vegetables with mud and dew to the aged weigh beam, to the warm words conveyed between familiar buyers and sellers, to the peddlers, sitting on their hunkers with a countenance carved in time and tide, worn out by life but still struggling for hope…
These are just my imaginations,I have never been to a rural market.。