An Integrative Psychophysiological Study of Cognitive Function in Active Elderly Rationale
朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的
朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的, 容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。
朋友之间, 情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交; 反之, 则离、则绝。
朋友之间再熟悉, 再亲密, 也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。
不然，默契和平衡将被打破, 友好关系将不复存在。
每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。
待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。
维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。
I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect asinstruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for 1 2 345 6 7similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?8 91031. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is A. Quebec.B. V ancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by A. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. Will Blake B. W.B. Yeats C. Robert Browning D. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written by A. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as A. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. Rhyme.38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisition B. Language comprehension C. Language production D. Language instruction39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in morphology.A. BackformationB. ConversionC. BlendingD. Acronym40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highwa y serves A. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。
2024年同等学力申硕英语考试真题
2024年同等学力申硕英语考试真题2024 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (English)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.1. A) At a news conference. B) In a classroom. C) At a restaurant. D) In a library.2. A) She is sick. B) She is busy. C) She is on vacation. D) She is changing jobs.3. A) The man should have told her. B) She is surprised at the price. C) The man should discuss it with her. D) She agrees with the man.4. A) He will ask his friend for help. B) He will fix it himself. C) He knows nothing about it. D) He will hire someone to do it.5. A) She wants to be excused from going. B) She plans to go.C) She has an important event that night. D) She doesn't know if she'll be able to make it.6. A) They should have partied more. B) She should eat more fruit. C) They should hurry to get to the beach on time. D) She should get ready faster.7. A) The man is almost out of gas. B) The woman is out of gas. C) The man is almost at a gas station. D) The man needs to buy gas before he leaves.8. A) Purple. B) White. C) Black. D) Green.9. A) Guitar lessons. B) Drawing lessons. C) Piano lessons. D) Dance lessons.10. A) Go to a concert. B) Prepare for a test. C) Play chess. D) Attend a play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage One11.What induces people to give more strength to their satisfaction when writing an online journal entry than they do in their oral communication?A) The fact that in written communication mistakes can be corrected easily.B) The fact that journal writing is an individual activity.C) The fact that the written record can be later reviewed.D) The fact that journal writing is less time-consuming than oral communication.12. What shows advantages of blog as a form of communication?A) It makes interpersonal relationships easier to maintain.B) It attracts more readers than traditional diary writing.C) It allows readers to make anonymous comments.D) It provides more space for longer messages.Passage TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.What does the speaker think of online learning?A) It lacks practical experiences. B) It is suitable for everyone.C) It provides more chances for interaction. D) It is more suitable for working professionals.14. Who are more likely to choose online learning?A) Unemployed people. B) Those with limited access to traditional education.C) College students. D) Working professionals.15. What is the advantage of an online classroom?A) It allows students to learn at their own pace.B) It provides more opportunity for face-to-face interaction.C) It offers students the experience of living on campus.D) It helps students develop lifelong friendships.Passage ThreeQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. Why is it difficult for researchers to study sleep's impact on health?A) Research subjects often fake their sleep patterns.B) Sleep patterns vary greatly from person to person.C) Technologies are not advanced enough to record sleep patterns.D) It is difficult to recruit sufficient volunteers.17. What is proved by the findings of the study?A) Inconsistent sleep patterns lead to health problems.B) Poor sleep quality causes mental disorders.C) High-quality sleep helps reduce obesity.D) A relaxing bedtime routine is essential for good sleep.18. What is the speaker's advice for a restful night's sleep?A) Keep irregular sleep habits. B) Drink coffee before going to bed.C) Establish a calming bedtime routine. D) Avoid relaxing activities before bedtime.19. Why do some people refuse to take the study results to heart?A) They are too busy to follow the advice. B) They are skeptical about the researchers.C) They think too much sleep is a waste of time. D) They doubt the accuracy of the study results.20. Why is it important for people to monitor their sleep habits?A) To ensure a healthy lifestyle. B) To please the researchers.C) To participate in a follow-up study. D) To relax their minds.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Noam Chomsky, the grandson of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe, was born in Philadelphia on December 7, 1928. He publicly opposed the Vietnam War in the 1960s and was arrested in 1967 for trying to disrupt military research at the Pentagon. Chomsky is well known for his profound impact on the philosophical and scientific understanding of human language.His major work Syntactic Structures and later The Chomsky Hierarchy have had a profound impact on linguistics, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind. Chomsky's views on language acquisition revolutionized the field of linguistics. He argued that children are born with an innate ability to learn language and that the process of language acquisition ishard-wired into the human brain.21. What was Noam Chomsky's impact on the field of linguistics?A) He developed a new language. B) He published Syntactic Structures.C) He revolutionized language acquisition. D) He founded the Chomsky Hierarchy.22. Why was Chomsky arrested in 1967?A) For disrupting military research. B) For opposing the Vietnam War.C) For advocating human language. D) For his views on cognitive psychology.23. According to Chomsky, how does language acquisition occur?A) Through hard work. B) Through environmental exposure.C) Through cultural immersion. D) Through innate ability.24. What did Chomsky argue about children and language acquisition?A) They need formal education. B) They are hard-wired to learn language.C) They learn language from their parents. D) They need to be exposed to multiple languages.25. What are the subjects of Chomsky's major works?A) Cognitive psychology. B) Philosophy of mind.C) Military research. D) Language and linguistics.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Creating a positive classroom environment is crucial for student success and engagement. An environment that promotes trust, safety, and respect can enhance student motivation and learning outcomes. Here are some key factors that contribute to a positive classroom atmosphere:Clear expectations and guidelines that are consistently enforced; A supportive and inclusive classroom culture that values diversity; Opportunities for student participation and collaboration; Effective communication between teachers and students; Encouragement of critical thinking skills and creativity.26. Why is a positive classroom environment important?A) It enhances student motivation. B) It enforces clear guidelines.C) It creates a competitive atmosphere. D) It limits student participation.27. What contributes to a positive classroom atmosphere?A) Consistent enforcement of rules. B) A competitive culture.C) A lack of diversity. D) A strict teacher-student relationship.28. What kind of classroom culture values diversity?A) A conservative culture. B) An inclusive culture.C) A hierarchical culture. D) A singular culture.29. How can teachers promote a positive classroom atmosphere?A) Through limited communication. B) By discouraging critical thinking.C) By encouraging creativity. D) Through strict enforcement of guidelines.30. What does a positive classroom environment promote?A) Student engagement. B) Student competition.C) Teacher control. D) Limited participation.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gained significant attention in recent years. Research shows that individuals with high EI are more likely to succeed in various aspects of life, including personal relationships, academic achievement, and career success. Developing emotional intelligence is essential for effective communication, conflict resolution, empathy, and self-awareness.EI consists of five key components: self-awareness,self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. By understanding and enhancing these components, individuals can improve their emotional intelligence and overall well-being.31. What is emotional intelligence (EI)?A) An academic achievement. B) A career success factor.C) An aspect of personal relationships. D) A concept of recent attention.32. What does research show about individuals with high EI?A) They are less likely to succeed in life. B) They lackself-awareness.C) They are more likely to succeed in various aspects of life.D) They are not motivated.33. Why is developing EI essential?A) For academic achievement. B) For conflict resolution.C) For career success. D) For self-improvement.34. What are the five key components of EI?A) Self-regulation only. B) Self-awareness, self-regulation, and empathy.C) Self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. D) Self-awareness and self-regulation only.35. How can individuals improve their emotional intelligence?A) By avoiding social interactions. B) By understanding and enhancing key components.C) By focusing solely on career success. D) By ignoringself-awareness.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Nature plays a significant role in human health andwell-being. Research shows that spending time in nature can reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall mental health.Nature therapy, also known as ecotherapy, has gained popularity as a form of treatment for various mental health conditions.There are many ways to incorporate nature therapy into daily life, such as spending time in natural settings like parks, forests, or gardens; engaging in outdoor activities like hiking, gardening, or bird-watching; practicing mindfulness and meditation in nature; and disconnecting from technology and reconnecting with the natural world.36. What role does nature play in human health andwell-being?A) A minor role. B) No role. C) A significant role. D) An insignificant role.37. What does research show about spending time in nature?A) It increases stress. B) It decreases mood.C) It enhances overall mental health. D) It limits mental health.38. What has gained popularity as a form of treatment for mental health conditions?A) Meditation. B) Yoga. C) Nature therapy. D) Ecotherapy.39. How can nature therapy be incorporated into daily life?A) By spending time indoors. B) By avoiding outdoor activities.C) By practicing mindfulness indoors. D) By engaging in outdoor activities.40. How can individuals reconnect with nature?A) By spending more time with technology. B) By avoiding natural settings.C) By disconnecting from technology. D) By practicing mindfulness indoors.Section BDirections: In this section, you will read 2 passages and answer some questions or complete statements. Use the passage to answer the questions or complete the statements. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.The importance of multicultural education in today's diverse world cannot be overstated. Multicultural education aims to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in the classroom and beyond. It acknowledges and celebrates different cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions, and perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging and respect among students.By incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum, teachers can provide students with a more holistic and inclusive learning experience. This approach helps students develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures, strengthening their empathy, communication skills, and critical thinking abilities.41. What is the aim of multicultural education?A) To limit diversity. B) To promote diversity, equity, and inclusion.C) To restrict cultural backgrounds. D) To isolate students.42. What does multicultural education acknowledge and celebrate?A) Different languages only. B) Different cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions, and perspectives.C) Tradition only. D) Perspectives only.43. How does multicultural education benefit students?A) By limiting their understanding. B) By limiting their perspective.C) By providing a holistic and inclusive learning experience.D) By isolating them from diverse cultures.44. How does multicultural education strengthen students' empathy?A) By limiting their cultural experiences. B) By limiting their communication skills.C) By providing a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures. D) By isolating them from diversity.45. What are the outcomes of incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum?A) Strengthening students' limitations. B) Strengthening students' empathy.C) Limiting students' critical thinking abilities. D) Limiting students' communication skills.Passage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. It poses significant threats to the environment, human health, and the economy. To address these challenges, individuals, communities, governments, and businesses must take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and promote sustainable practices.Climate change impacts various aspects of life, including weather patterns, sea levels, biodiversity, and food security. By taking proactive measures to mitigate the effects of climate change, we can create a more sustainable and resilient future for generations to come.46. What is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time?A) Climate change. B) Water crisis. C) Pollution. D) Overpopulation.47. How does climate change impact the environment?A) Positively. B) Negatively. C) Minimally.48. What must individuals, communities, governments, and businesses do to address climate change?A) Nothing. B) Take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C) Continue current practices.49. What aspects of life does climate change impact?A) Weather patterns. B) Financial markets. C) Biodiversity.50. How can proactive measures mitigate the effects of climate change?A) By increasing greenhouse gas emissions. B) By transitioning to non-renewable energy sources. C) By creating a sustainable and resilient future.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.51. Relying solely on social media for news updates could lead to _____ misinformation.A) an increase in B) a surge of C) an influx of D) a proliferation of52. The new company policy requires employees to _____ their work before submitting it to their supervisor.A) edit B) revised C) subvert D) concoct53. The conference committee ____ to hold the event outdoors due to favorable weather conditions.A) determined B) highlighted C) faltered D) limited54. The management team decided to ____ the proposal after considering the potential risks.A) scour B) override C) align D) endorse55. The construction of the new subway line has been ____ delayed due to unexpected funding issues.A) harshly B) promptly C) visibly D) significantly56. The students were _____ for their hard work and dedication to the project.A) criticized B) invalidated C) recognized D) overlooked57. The _____ of plastic bags has been banned in many countries to reduce pollution.A) discretion B) proliferation C) confiscation D) utilization58. The team must _____ their strategies to adapt to the changing market conditions.A) appeal B) dedicate C) modify D) fluctuate59. The home renovation project was _____ due to the contractor's failure to secure the necessary permits.A) compromised B) endorsed C) validated D) optimized60. The new software program allows users to _____ their files securely on the cloud.A) endorse B) retrieve C) utilize D) redeemPart IV Reading Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.PassageThe global economy is facing unprecedented challenges due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The (61) ____ of the virus has disrupted supply chains, halted international trade, and caused widespread economic uncertainty. As countries (62) ____ with the impact of the pandemic, policymakers are (63) ____ to implement measures to mitigate the economic fallout and support struggling industries. The resilience and adaptability of the global economy will be tested as nations work together to (64) ____ from the crisis and build a more sustainable future. It is essential for governments, businesses, and individuals to collaborate and (65) ____ innovative solutions to navigate the challenges ahead.Word Bank:A) outbreakB) recoverC) collaborateD) grappleE) implementSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage(66) ____A) Multicultural education aims to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in the classroom and beyond. It acknowledges and celebrates different cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions, and perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging and respect among students. By incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum, teachers can provide students with a more holistic and inclusive learning experience.B) Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. It poses significant threats to the environment, human health, and the economy. To address these challenges, individuals, communities, governments, andbusinesses must take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and promote。
教育心理学英语词汇
教育心理学英语词汇心理（mind）亚里士多德（Aristotle，公元前384年—公元前322年）所著的《灵魂论》（De Anima，又译《精神论》）意识阈（conscious threshold）和统觉团（apperception mass）的比纳（）和西蒙（）桑代克（）冯特（,梅耶（）Educational Psychology加涅（）第一章学习的性质与分类艾宾浩斯（,鲍尔（）和希尔加德（）倾向（disposition）或能力（capability）行为表现（performance）“学习”（learning）与“表现”（performance）神经元（neuron）树突（dendrite）和轴突（axon）突触（synapse）星形细胞（astrocyte）音素（phoneme）陈述性记忆（declarative memory）和程序性记忆（procedural memory）运作（operations）经验主义（empiricism）洛克（John Locke）、贝克莱（George Berkeley）、休谟（David Hume）反思（reflection）理性主义（rationalism）苏格拉底（Socrates，公元前469—公元前399年）认为，“真理存在于人的灵魂中”；他的学生柏拉图（Plato笛卡儿（Descartes, 1596—1650）和德国哲学家康德（Kant,1724—先天知觉假设（innate perceptual assumptions）行为与联想论（behavioral associationist theories）和认知与组织论（cognitive organizational theories）条件反应（conditioned response）斯金纳（）条件反射（conditioned reflex）中性刺激（neutral stimulus）操作条件反应（operant conditioned response）有机体（organism）托尔曼（）巴特利特（坚持信息加工理论的代表人物有西蒙（）、安德森（）、．加涅（）布鲁纳（）、奥苏伯尔、维特罗克（）乔纳森（ 1992）激进建构主义（radical constructivism）、社会建构主义（social constructivism）、社会文化认知（social cultural cognition）、信息加工的建构主义（information processing constructivism）、社会学建构主义（social constructionism）、控制论系统（cybernetic system）情境性学习（situated learning）社会团体的习俗（practices of community，一类为陈述性知识（declarative knowledge），另一类为程序性知识（procedural knowledge）。
发展心理学专业术语表
发展心理学专业术语表acceleration 加速accommodation 顺应acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) 获得性免疫缺陷综合征active engagement 积极参与acute medical conditions 急性疾病adaptation 适应adolescence 青少年期adolescent growth spurt 青春期发育突进adolescent rebellion 青春期叛逆affordances 可用性alleles 等位基因altruism 利他主义ambivalent (resistant) attachment 矛盾型(抗拒型)依恋animism 泛灵论anorexia nervosa 神经性厌食症anoxia 缺氧症Apgar scale 阿普加量表art therapy 艺术疗法assimilation 同化asthma 哮喘attachment 依恋attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 注意力缺陷/多动症authoritarian 专制型authoritative 权威型autism 自闭症autobiographical memory 自传体记忆autonomy versus shame and doubt 自主对羞愧和怀疑autosomes 常染色体avoidant attachment 回避型依恋basic trust versus basic mistrust 基本信任对基本不信任Bayley Scales of Ifant Development 贝雷婴儿发展量表behavior therapy 行为治疗behavioral genetic 行为遗传学behaviorism 行为主义behaviorist approach 行为主义的方法bilingual 双语使用者bilingual education 双语教学bioecological theory 生态学理论birth trauma 产伤body image 身体意象brain growth spurts 脑的发育加速期Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales 布氏新生儿行为评价量表bulimia nervosa 神经性贪食症bullying 欺负canalization 定型化case study 个案研究cell death 细胞死亡central executive 中央执行central nervous system 中枢神经系统centration 中心化cephalocaudal principle 头尾原则cesarean delivery 剖腹产child-directed speech (CDS) 儿语化childhood depression 儿童郁抑症chromosomes 染色体chronic medical conditions 慢性疾病chronosystem 时序系统circular reaction 循环反应class inclusion类包含classical conditioning 经典条件作用code mixing 语码混用code switching 语码转换cognitive development 认知发展cognitive neuroscience approach 认知神经科学的方法cognitive neuroscience 认知神经科学cognitive perspective 认知理论cognitive-stage theory 认知发展阶段理论cohort 同辈commitment 承诺committed compliance 约束性顺从componential element 成分元素conceptual knowledge 概念性知识concordant 一致concrete operations 具体运算conduct disorder (CD) 品行障碍conscience 良心conservation 守恒constructive play 建构性游戏contextual element 情境元素contextual perspective 情境理论control group 控制组conventional morality (or morality of conventional role conformity) 习俗道德convergent thinking 聚合思维coregulation共同约束corporal punishment 体罚correlational study 相关研究creativity 创造力crisis危机critical period 关键期cross-modal transfer 跨通道迁移cross-sectional study 横断研究cultural bias 文化偏见culture文化culture-fair 文化公平culture-free 不受文化影响culture-relevant 文化相关decenter 去中心化declarative knowledge 陈述性知识decoding 解码deductive reasoning 演绎推理deferred imitation 延迟模仿Denver Developmental Screening Test 丹佛发展筛选测验deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 脱氧核糖核酸dependent variable 因变量depth perception 深度知觉differentiation 分化“difficult” children “困难型”儿童discipline 训练dishabituation 去习惯化disorganized-disoriented attachment 无组织-无目标依恋divergent thinking 发散思维dizygotic twins 双卵性双胞胎dominant inheritance 显性遗传Down syndrome 唐氏综合征drug therapy 药物治疗dual representation hypothesis 双重表征理论dyslexia 难语症early intervention 早期干预“easy” children “容易型”儿童ecological theory of perception 生态知觉理论egocentrism 自我中心主义elaboration 精细加工electronic fetal monitoring 胎心电子监护elicited imitation 诱导模仿embryonic stage 胚胎期emergent literacy 早期读写能力emotional maltreatment 情感虐待emotions 情绪empathy 同理心encoding 编码English-immersion 全英语教学enrichment 充实enuresis 尿床environment 环境episodic memory 情景记忆equilibration平衡ethnic gloss 种族曲解ethnographic study 人种志研究ethology 习性学evolutionary psychology 进化心理学evolutionary/sociobiological perception 进化论/社会生物学理论exosystem 在外系统experiential element 经验元素experiment 实验experiental group 实验组explicit memory 外显记忆extended family 大家庭external memory aids 外部记忆辅助手段family therapy 家庭治疗fast mapping 快速映射fertilization 受精fetal alcohol syndrome(FAS)胎儿酒精综合症fetal stage 胎儿期fine motor skills 精细动作技能foreclosure 同一性早闭formal operations 形式运算functional play 功能性游戏gateway drugs 入门毒品gender 性别gender constancy 性别恒常性gender identity 性别认同gender roles 性别角色gender stereotypes 性别刻板影响gender-schema theory 性别-图式理论gender-typing 性别原型generalized anxiety disorder 一般性焦虑障碍generic memory 通用记忆genes 基因genetic code 遗传密码genetic counseling 基因咨询genotype 基因型genotype-environment correlation 基因型-环境相关genotype-environment interaction 基因型-环境交互作用germinal stage 胚芽期goodness of fit 吻合度gross motor skills 粗略动作技能guided participation 引导性参与habituation 习惯化handedness 利手haptic perception 触觉感知heredity 遗传heritability 遗传力heterozygous 杂合的historical generation 特定历史时代的人holophrase 单词句Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment 家庭环境观察测评系统homozygous 纯合的horizontal decalage 水平滞差hostile aggressive 敌意性攻击human development 发展心理学hypertension 高血压hypotheses 假设hypothetical-deductive reasoning 假设-演绎推理ideal self 理想自我identification 认同identity 同一性identity achievement 同一性获得identity diffusion 同一性扩散identity statuses 同一性状态identity versus identity confusion 同一性对同一性混乱imaginary audience 假象观众implicit memory 内隐记忆imprinting 印刻incomplete dominance 不完全显性independent variable 自变量individual differences 个体差异individual psychotherapy个别心理治疗inductive reasoning 归纳推理inductive techniques 诱导技术industry versus inferiority 勤奋对自卑infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率information-processing approach 信息加工取向initiative versus guilt 主动对内疚instrumental aggression 工具性攻击integration 整合intelligent behavior 智力行为internalization 内化invisible imitation 不可见模仿IQ(intelligence quotient)tests 智商测验irreversibility 不可逆性Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children 考夫曼儿童成套评估测验laboratory Observation 实验室观察language 语言language acquisition device(LAD) 语言习得机制lateralization 单侧化优势learning perspective 学习理论life-span development 毕生发展linguistic speech 语言式讲话literacy 读写能力longitudinal study 纵向研究long-term memory 长时记忆low birth weight 低体重儿macrosystem 宏观系统maturation 成熟mechanistic model 机械论发展模型menarche 月经初期mental retardation 精神发育迟滞mesosystem 中观系统metamemory 元记忆microsystem 微观系统monozygotic twins 单卵性双胞胎moratorium 同一性延缓multifactorial transmission 多因素传递mutations 突变mutual regulation 相互调节myelination 髓鞘化nativism 先天论natural childbirth 自然分娩naturalistic observation 自然观察neglect 忽视neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸neonatal period 新生儿期neonate 新生儿neurons 神经元niche-picking 匹配选择nonnormative 非常态的nonshared environmental effects 非共享环境影响normative 常态的nuclear family 核心家庭obesity 肥胖object permanence 客体永久性observational learning 观察学习obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 强迫症open adoption 公开领养operant conditioning 操作性条件作用operational definition 操作定义oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) 对立违抗性障碍organismic model 有机论发展模型organization 组织Otis-Lennon School Ability Test 欧提斯-列农学业能力测试overt aggression 外显攻击participant observation 参与观察parturition 分娩permissive 放任型personal fable 个人神话phenotype 表现型phonetic, or code-emphasis approach 语音或编码强调法physical abuse 身体虐待physical development 生理发展Piagetian approach 皮亚杰理论的方法plasticity 可塑性play therapy 游戏疗法polygenic inheritance 多基因遗传postconvertional morality (or morality of autonomous moral principles)后习俗道德postmature 胎儿过度成熟power assertion 强制命令pragmatics 语用学preconventional morality 前习俗道德prejudice 偏见prelinguistic speech 前语言式讲话preoperational stage 前运算阶段prepared childbirth 有准备的分娩pretend play 假装游戏preterm (premature)infants 早产儿primary sex characteristics 第一性征private speech 自言自语procedural knowledge 程序性知识prosocial behavior 亲社会行为protective factors 保护因素proximodistal principle 远近原则psychoanalytic perspective 精神分析理论psychological aggression 心理攻击psychometric approach 心理测量的方法psychosexual development 性心理发展psychosocial development 心理社会发展puberty 青春期punishment 惩罚qualitative change 质变qualitative research 定性研究quantitative change 量变quantitative research 定量研究reaction range 反应范围real self 真实自我recall 回忆recessive inheritance 隐性遗传recognition 再认reflex behaviors 反射行为rehearsal 复述reinforcement 强化relational aggression 关系攻击representational ability 表征能力representational mappings 表征映射representational systems 表征系统resilient children 韧性儿童retrieval 提取risk factors 风险因素rough-and-tumble play 追逐打闹游戏sample 样本scaffolding 脚手架schemes 图式schizophrenia 精神分裂症school phobia 学校恐惧症scientific method 科学方法script 脚本secondary sex characteristics 第二性征secular trend 长势趋势secure attachment 安全依恋型self-awareness 自我意识self-conscious emotions 自我意识情绪self-definition 自我定义self-efficacy 自我效能感self-esteem 自尊self-evaluative emotions 自我评价情绪self-regulation 自我调节sensitive periods 敏感期sensorimotor stage 感知运动阶段sensory memory 感觉记忆separation anxiety 分离焦虑separation anxiety disorder 分离焦虑障碍sequential study 序列研究seriation 排序sex chromosomes 性染色体sex-linked-inheritance 伴性遗传sexual abuse 性虐待sexual orientation 性取向sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) 性传播疾病single representations 单一表征situational compliance 情境性顺从“slow-to-warm-up”children “慢热型”儿童small-for-date(small-for-gestational age) infants 小于胎龄儿social capital 社会资本social cognition 社会认知social cognitive theory 社会认知理论social construction 社会建构social interaction model 社会互动模型social learning theory 社会学习理论social phobia 社交恐惧症social promotion 社会促动social referencing 社会参照social-contextual approach 社会情境的方法socialization 社会化sociocultural theory 社会文化理论socioeconomic status(SES) 社会经济地位spermarche 初精spontaneous abortion 自发性流产Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 斯坦福-比奈智力量表state of arousal 觉醒状态Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT)斯滕伯格三元能力测验“still-face”paradigm “冷面”范式storage 存储Strange Situation 陌生情境stranger anxiety 陌生人焦虑substance abuse 物质滥用substance dependence 物质依赖sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)胎儿猝死综合症symbolic function 符号功能syntax 语法systems of action 动作系统tacit knowledge 内隐知识telegraphic speech 电报句temperament 气质teratogenic 致畸的theory 理论theoryof mind 心理理论theory of multiple intelligences 多元智力理论transduction 转换transitive inference 传递性关系推理triarchic theory of intelligence 智力三元理论two-way(dual-language)learning 双向学习ultrasound 超声波violation-of-expectations 期望悖反的范式visible imitation 可见的模仿visual cliff 视崖visual guidance 视觉引导visual preference 视觉偏好visual recognition memory 视觉认知记忆visually based retrieval 基于视觉的提取Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(WISC-Ⅲ)韦氏儿童智力量表Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence,Revised(WPPSI-Ⅲ)修订版韦克奇勒学前和小学智力量表whole-language approach 全语言教学法withdrawal of love 收回爱working memory 工作记忆zone of proximal development (ZPD) 最近发展区zygote 受精卵。
心理学专业英语词汇（I1）
心理学专业英语词汇(I1)ia 项目和配列ia 智力年龄ianthinopsia 紫幻视iar theory 内隐联想反应理论iatreusiology 治疗学iatrogenic disorder 误诊致病iatrogenic homosexuality 误导性同性恋误导性同性恋iatrogenic neurosis 误诊性神经症iatrogenic neurosis 医源性神经症iatrology 医学iceberg organization 冰堡组织ice mountain profile 冰山剖面图ichthyophobia 恐鱼症iconic 形象的iconic experience of moral feeling 想象的道德情感体验iconic memory 映象记忆iconic representation 形象性表象iconic representation model 形象表象方式iconic representation stage 形象再现表象阶段iconic sign 图象符号iconic store 映像贮存iconography 图解iconolagny 恋肖像癖iconolatry 偶像崇拜iconomania 肖像崇拜癖ict 胰岛素休克治疗法ictal 突发的ictal depression 发作性抑郁症ictal emotion 突发情绪ictometer 心搏计ictus 暴发ictus epilepticus 癫痫猝发icw interest record 儿童福利机构的孩童兴趣纪录id 本我id anxiety 本我焦虑idea 观念idea 意见idea of justice 公正观念idea of reason 理性观念idea of reference 参照主意idea of self accusation 自责观念ideal 理想ideal color 理想色ideal ego 理想自我ideal goal 理想目标ideal masochism 想象被虐狂ideal point 理想点ideal self 理想自我ideal sort 理想分类ideal strategy 理想策略ideal type 理想型ideal world 理想世界idealism 理想主义idealism 唯心论idealist apriorism 唯心论的先验观idealistic positivism 唯心实证主义idealistic psychology 唯心主义心理学唯心主义心理学ideality 理想idealization 理想化idealized image 理想化形象idealized self 理想化我idealless 没理想的ideate 形成概念ideation 观念作用ideational apraxia 观念性失用症ideational learning 观念学习ideational memory 观念记忆ideational type 观念型idea chase 意念飘忽idea motor 意念运动identical 相同的identical anchor items 相同参照测验题相同定锚测验题identical concept 同一概念identical element 相同要素identical elements theory 同元素论identical retinal point 网膜对应点identical twins 同卵双生identifiability principle 辨识原则identifiability principle 同一性原则identification 认同identification 识别identification ability 识别能力identification code 识别码identification condition 识别条件identification figure 认同人物identification foreclosure 同一性拒斥identification learning 辨别学习identification marking 识别标志identification of evidence 证据辨认identification problem 识别问题identification test 鉴别测验identification time 辨别时间identifier 识别符identify 识别identifying restrictions 识别的约束条件识别的约束条件identity 认同identity achievement 认同达成identity crises 认同危机identity diffusion 认同性扩散identity diffusion syndrome 同一性扩散综合症identity foreclosure 过早自认identity foreclosure 早闭型统合identity formation 自认形成identity hypothesis 同一性假说identity level of concept 概念守恒阶段概念守阶段identity moratorium 未定型统合identity moratorium 自认拖延identity of object and self 物我合一identity of perception 知觉同一性identity of relation 关系的同一identity of thinking and being 思维和存在的同一性identity test 鉴定试验identity vs role diffusion 同一性与角色混乱identity vs role diffusion conflict 自认与角色扩散之矛盾ideodynamism 观念统制ideogenetic 观念性的ideoglandular 观念性腺分泌ideogram 表意文字ideograph 符号ideography 意符系统ideokinetic 意念性动作的ideokinetic apraxia 意想运动性运用不能ideolectotype 自选模式标本ideological 意识形态的ideological education 意识形态教育ideological form 观念形态ideologue 空想家ideology 意识形态ideometabolism 观念性代谢ideomotion 观念性动作ideomotor 意识运动性的ideophobia 观念恐怖症ideophone 摹拟音ideophrenia 观念倒错ideoplasy 观念凝注ideoreflex 观念反射ideo motion training 念动训练ideo motor 念动ideo motor apraxia 观念运动性失用症观念运动性失用症ideo motor theory 动念说idioadaptation 特殊适应idioadaptation evolution 特殊适应性演化idiochromosome 性染色体idiocrasy 特异反应性idioctonia 自杀idiocy 白痴idioecology 个体生态学idiogamist 自偶者idiogenesis 自发病idioglossia 新语病idiographic 个人签名的idiographic approach 个人特质研究法个人特质研究法idiographic psychology 特殊规律心理学特殊规律心理学idiohypnotism 自我催眠idiolalia 自语症idiolect 个人言语特点idiologism 自解言语症idiom 成语idiom 惯用语idioneural 神经自身的idiopathia 自发病idiopathic 自发idiopathic epilepsy 自发性癫痫症idiophrenic 脑本身的idioplasm 胚质idiopsychologic 自发心理的idioreflex 自发性反射idiosyncrasy 特异反应性idiosyncrasy 特质idiosyncrasy credit 特殊信任idiot 白痴idiot 低能idiotia 白痴idiotia diplegica 双侧瘫性白痴idiotia epileptica 癫痫性白痴idiotia familialis amaurotica 黑蒙家族性白痴idiotia hemiplegica 偏瘫性白痴idiotia hydrocephalica 水脑性白痴idiotia microcephalica 小头性白痴idiotia paralytica 麻痹性白痴idiotia paraplegica 截瘫性白痴idiotic 白痴的idiotropic 内省的idiotype 个体基因型idiot savant 低能特才idiovariation 自发性变异idio imbecile 痴愚idol 偶像idolater 偶像崇拜者idolatress 偶像崇拜者idolatrous 崇拜偶像的idolatry 偶像崇拜idolum 谬论id ego conflict 伊特自我冲突ie 工业工程工业工程ie ratio 呼吸比率ignominy 耻辱ignoramus 毫无知识的人ignorance 愚昧ignore 不顾ikonic 形象的illation 演绎illegal demand 非法需要illegal mind 违法心理illegality 违法illegitimacy 不合理illegitimate children 私生儿童illegitimate combination 不正常结合illegitimate copulation 不正常接合illegitimate political behavior 非法的政治行为illiberal 无教养的illicit 不正当的illinois test of psycholinguistic abilities 伊利诺心理语言能力测验illiteracy 文盲illness 疾病illness frequency rate 患病率illness management 管理不善illness suited 不适合illuminance 照度illuminant color 发光色illumination 豁朗期illumination 照明illumination distribution 照明分布illumination effect 照明效应illumination ergonomics 照明工效学illumination flicker 照度闪耀illumination level 照明水平illumination meter 照度计illumination theory of cognition 光照论illumination uniformity 照明均匀性illumine 启发illusion 错觉illusion in flight 飞行错觉illusion of angle and direction 角度方向错觉illusion of assimilation contrast of concentric circles 同心圆同化对比错觉illusion of auditory 听错觉illusion of control 控制错觉illusion of curvature 弯曲错觉illusion of doubles 相联错觉illusion of false recognition 误认错觉illusion of memory 记忆错觉illusion of movement 运动错觉illusion of negative doubles 反向相识错觉illusion of orientation 定向错觉illusion of positive doubles 正向相识错觉illusion of size 大小错觉illusion of unanimity 一致性错觉illusory contour 错觉轮廓illustration 说明illutation 泥浴疗法ill being 不好的境地ill breeding 教养不好ill defined problem 定义有缺陷问题定义有缺陷问题ill feeling 敌意ill fortune 厄运ill humour 心情恶劣image 映象image analysis 映象分析image formation 成象image interview 映象面谈image memory 表象记忆image of problem 问题表象image processing 想象过程image scanning 意象审视image strategy 意象战略image survey 意象调查image training 表象训练image type 表象型imageless thinking 无意象思维imageless thought 无意象思考imagery 意象imagery code 意象码imagery therapy 想象治疗法imagery thinking 意象思维imagery training 意象训练imagery type 意象型imaginal memory 形象记忆imaginal thinking 形象思维imaginary audience 假想观众imaginary audience in adolescence 青少年期的假想观众imaginary color stimulus 假想色刺激imaginary companion 假想游伴imaginary playmates 假想玩伴imaginary space 想象空间imaginary threshold 假想临界imagination 想象imagination in music 音乐想象imagination training 想象训练imaginative 富于想象的imaginative image 想象表象imaginative play 想象游戏imaginative power 想象力imagine 想象imago 潜存替象imago 无意识意向imbalance 不平衡imbalantia 肌平衡觉缺失imbecile 痴愚imbecility 愚笨imbecillitas 痴愚imbecillitas phenylpyruvica 智力发育不全性苯丙酮尿imbedding 嵌入imbedding method 嵌入法imbroglio 纠葛imipramine 丙咪嗪imitate 模拟imitated tactic training 战术模拟训练imitation 模仿imitation law 模仿律imitation learning 模仿学习imitation of sex typed behavior 性别行为的模仿imitation psychology 模仿心理学imitation strategy 模仿战略imitation theory of crime 犯罪模仿论犯罪模论imitation with expansion 扩充模仿imitative imagination 模仿想象imitative learning 模仿学习imitative play 模仿性游戏imitative sound 模仿音imitativeness 模仿性imitator 模拟器immanence 内在性immanent 内在的immanent action 内在活动immanent contradiction 内在矛盾immanent factor 内在因素immaterial 非物质的immaterial substance 非物质实体immature 不成熟immature 未成熟的immature personality 幼稚人格immatureness 未成熟immaturity 不成熟immaturity of emotion 情绪不成熟immaturity of psychosexual 性心理不成熟immaturity maturity theory 未成熟成熟理论immediacy 直接immediate 即时的immediate 直接的immediate access 快速存贮immediate association 即时联想immediate cause 近因immediate constituent 直接成分immediate experience 直接经验immediate explosive power 瞬间爆发力瞬间爆发力immediate feedback 即时反馈immediate gratification 即时满足immediate heredity 直接遗传immediate inference 直接推理immediate knowledge 直接知识immediate memory 即时记忆immediate memory span 即时记忆广度即时记忆广度immediate memory span test 即时记忆广度测验immediate perception 直觉immediate psychological state 临场心理状态immediate reaction 即时反应immediate reasoning 即时推理immediate recall 即时回忆immediate thinking 临场思维immigrant 移民immigration 移居imminence 急迫imminent justice 立时惩处immobility 不动性immobilization 制动immoderate 无节制的immoral 不道德的immorality 不道德immortality 永生妄想immunization 抗劝immunize 免疫immunobiology 免疫生物学immunogenetics 免疫遗传学immunotherapy 免疫疗法immure 监禁immutability 不变性impact 冲击impact of unemployment 失业冲击impaction 冲击impaired 受损impairment 损伤impairment of hearing 听力损伤imparting of experience 经验的传授impasse 绝境impasse priority therapy 绝境先行疗法绝境先行疗法impassion 激动impassive 缺乏热情的impatience 急躁impedance 阻抗impede 阻止impediment speech 言语障碍impel 迫使imperative 强迫的imperative auditory hallucination 命令性幻听imperative idea 强迫观念imperceptible 感觉不到的imperceptible given 未感知到的材料imperception 知觉不全imperceptive 知觉缺乏的imperceptiveness 知觉缺乏impercipience 无知觉能力imperfect 不完全的imperfect competition 不完全竞争imperfect induction 不完全归纳推理imperil 危害impermeable construct 非渗透性建构impersonal 非个人的imperturbation 沉着impetuosity 急躁impetuous type 不可遏止型impetus 冲动implantation 移植implement plan 执行计划implication 含蓄implicit 内隐的implicit associative response 内隐联想反应implicit associative response theory 内隐联想反应理论implicit behavior 内隐行为implicit favorite model 隐含偏爱模型implicit learning 隐学习implicit memory 内隐记忆implicit personality theory 内隐人格论内隐性格观implicit reinforcement 隐蔽的强化作用隐蔽的增强作用implicit response 内隐反应implicit speech 内隐言语implicit style 含蓄implicit theories 内隐理论implicit theories of leadership 内隐领导理论implosion 以恐治恐法implosive psychotherapy 内爆心理治疗内爆心理治疗法implosive therapy 内爆疗法imply 蕴涵importance principle 重要性原则importance value index 重要值指数important event 重大事件important records 重要事项记述importation 输入impossible figure 不可能图形impostor 谎言癖者imposture 欺骗impotence 性无能impotentia 阳萎impotentia coeundi 交媾不能性阳萎impotentia erigendi 勃起不能性阳萎impoverished perception 刺激贫缺知觉刺激贫缺知觉impoverished perception 简约化知觉impoverishment 枯竭impressed variation 强制变异impression 印象impression advertising 印象广告impression formation 印象形成impression management 印象操纵impression management 印象管理impression method 印象法impression of maternal 母感影响impressionability 易感性impressionism 印象派impressive aphasia 感觉性失语impressiveness 印象性imprinting 印记imprison 监禁improbity 不诚实improper character 非正常特征improvement 改善improvement curve 进步曲线improvement of environment 环境改善improvement of office work 办公室工作改善improvisation 临时润饰improvisational performance 即兴表演imprudence 轻率impuberism 未成年impuberty 前青春期impugn 指责impulse 冲动impulse buying 冲动购买impulse counter 脉冲计数器impulse disorders 冲动性障碍impulse frequency 脉冲频率impulse noise 脉冲噪声impulse ridden 冲动驱使impulse ridden personality 冲动性人格动性人格impulsing 发生脉冲impulsion 冲动impulsive 冲动的impulsive action 冲动行为impulsive behavior 冲动行为impulsive child 冲动儿童impulsive nature 冲动本性impulsive neurosis 冲动性神经症impulsive noise 脉冲噪声impulsive obsession 冲动欲impulsive sound 冲击音impulsive style 冲动型impulsive tic 冲动性抽搐impulsive type 冲动型impulsiveness 冲动性impunitive 不罚型imputation 诋毁in advance 提前in corpora 体内in opposition to each other 互相对立in vitro 试管内inability 无能inability of empathy 感情移入不能inability of impression 铭记障碍inability to fix 铭记困难inaccessibility 难接近inaccessible 难接近的inaccuracy 不正确inaction 不活跃inactivation 失活inactivation center 失活中心inactive region 不活动区inactive state 不活动状态inadaptability 不适应性inadaptable 不能适应的inadaptation 不适应inadaptive phase 不适应阶段inadequacy 不适当inadequate 不适当的inadequate personality 不适当人格inadequate stimulus 不当刺激inadvertence 漫不经心inadvertent 粗心大意的inadvisable 不明智的inaesthetic 无审美感的inanimate 非生物性inanition 营养不足inappetence 食欲不振inappropriate affect 不适当情感inarticulate speech 不清晰言语inattention 不注意inauspicious 不祥的inavoidance need 避败需求inaxon 长轴索细胞inbeing 本性inborn 天生的inborn reflex 先天反射inbred 近亲交配inbreeding 近亲繁殖inbreeding coefficient 近亲系数incapacity 无能incarcerate 禁闭incendiarism 纵火狂incendiary mania 纵火狂incentive 诱因incentive condition 刺激条件incentive management 奖励管理incentive motivation 诱因动机incentive system 激励制度incentive theory 诱因论incentive value 诱因价incertitude 无把握incest 乱伦incest avoidance 乱伦回避incest barrier 乱伦阻障incest dream 乱伦梦incest fantasy 乱伦幻想incest taboo 乱伦禁忌incidence 关联incidence rate 发生率incident 事件incident process method 发生过程法incidental 偶然的incidental error 偶然误差incidental error of observation 观察偶误观察偶误incidental learning 偶然学习incidental memory 无意记忆incidental sampling 偶然抽样incidental stimulus 伴随刺激incipient 初始的incitantia 精神兴奋剂incite 激励incivility 粗暴言行inclemency 险恶inclination 倾向inclination coding 倾度编码inclination illusion 倾斜错觉incline 倾向inclusion need 合群需求incognizant 未意识到的incoherence 不连贯incoherent of speech 言语散乱income 收入income level 收入水平incompatible response 不相容反应incompetence 机能不全incompetent 无能incomplete data 不完全资料incomplete design 不完全设计incomplete learning method 不完全学习法incomplete man test 人像填补测验incomplete picture test 缺图测验incomplete sentence test 填句测验incomplete survey 非全面调查incomprehension 缺乏理解inconceivable 不可想象的incondite 无礼貌的inconformity 不一致incongruence 不协调incongruity 不相称inconscient 无意识的inconsequent 不连贯的inconsistency 不一致性inconsistent 不一致的inconsolable 极度沮丧的inconspicuous 难以察觉的inconstancy 反复无常incontinence 失禁incontinence of feces 大便失禁incontinence of urine 尿失禁inconvertibility 不可转化性inconvincible 不能说服的incoordination 不协调incorporation 结合incorporation 渗入incorporation mistake 渗入误差incorporeal 非物质的incorret 错误的incorrigible 难以纠正的increase 增进increase accumulation 增加累计increase of mental metabolism 心理代谢过旺incredible 不可信的incredulity 不相信increment 增加incremental learning 逐步积累的学习incremental threshold 增值阈incremental validity 增值效度incretion 内分泌incretology 内分泌学incretopathy 内分泌病incretory 内分泌的incretory gland 内分泌腺incretotherapy 内分泌疗法incubation 潜伏incubation 酝酿incubation period 潜伏期incubation stage 孕育期incubus 梦魇inculcation 谆谆教诲incult 粗俗的incumbency 责任incur 招惹incurable 不能治愈的incurvation 向内弯曲incurvation reflex 躯体侧弯反射incus 砧骨indecent assault 猥亵犯罪indecipherable 难辨认的indecision 犹豫indecorum 失礼的言行indefatigable 不倦的indefinite 无限的indefinite variability 不定变异性indemnify 保障indemonstrable 无法证明的independence 独立性independence in judgment 独立判断independence test 独立性检验independent action 独立行动independent assortment 独立分配independent behavior 独立行为independent comparison 独立比较independent control 独立控制independent development 主动发育independent discovery learning 独立发现学习independent event 独立事件independent experiment 独立实验independent factor 独立因素independent group 独立组independent group design 独立组设计independent inversion 个别倒位independent judgment 独立判断independent living 独立生活independent observation 独立观察independent personality 独立人格independent probability 独立机率independent reflection 独立反省independent sample 独立样本independent sampling 独立抽样independent trials 独立试验independent variable 独立变量independent variable 自变量independent variable×subject variable design自变量×被试变量设计自变项×被试变项设计indeterminate 不确定的indeterminate task 不明确任务indetermination 不确定indeterminism 非决定论index 索引index 指数index case 指标个案index mark 指标index of constancy 常性指数index of determination 决定指数index of difficulty 难度指数index of discrimination 鉴别指数index of forecasting efficiency 预测效率指数index of perceptual constancy 知觉常性指数index of phenomenal regression 现象性回归指数index of precision 确定指数index of reliability 信度指数index of retest consistency 复测一致性指数index of school effectiveness 学校效能指标index of silent reading test 默读能力测量指标index of stability 稳定指数index of variability 变异指数index of wages 工资指数index variable 指标变量indicant 指标indication 指示法indication 指征indicative character 指示特征indicator 指示器indifference 淡漠indifference 无差别indifference curve 无差别曲线indifference point 无差别点indifferent euphoria 淡漠型欣快indifferent stimulus 无关刺激indifferentism 冷漠主义indigence 贫困indigestion 难以理解indignity 侮辱indirect 间接indirect acting factor 间接影响因素indirect aggression 间接攻击indirect comprehension 间接理解indirect conditioning 间接条件作用indirect correlation 间接相关indirect glare 间接眩光indirect group 间接群体indirect inference 间接推理indirect intent 间接故意indirect intercourse 间接交往indirect interest 间接兴趣indirect judgment 间接判断indirect lighting 间接照明indirect measurement 间接测量indirect method of teaching 间接教学法间接教学法indirect observation 间接观察indirect recall 间接回忆indirect relation 间接关系indirect scaling 间接量表法indirect suggestion 间接暗示indirect survey 间接调查indirect teaching 间接教学indirect vision 间接视觉indiscipline 无纪律indiscretion 不慎重indiscriminate 不加区别的indisposition 不舒服indistinct play 未分化型游戏individual 个体individual aggression 个人攻击individual behavior 个人行为individual character 个性individual characteristics 个人特征individual consciousness 个体意识individual counseling 个别咨询individual delinquency 个人犯罪individual development 个体发展individual development period 个体发展期individual development psychology 个性发展心理学individual diagnosis 个别诊断individual difference 个别差异individual difference in learning 学习的个别差异individual difference model 个别差异模型individual differences 个体差异individual distance 个体距离individual ecology 个体生态学individual education 个别教育individual guided education 个别指导教学individual habitat 个体生境individual identity 个人统合individual inclination 个性倾向性individual intelligence test 个别智力测验individual learning 个人学习individual mental characteristics 个性心理特征individual mind 个性心理individual morality 个人道德individual need 个人需要individual object space 个人的对象空间个人的对象空间individual perceptual space 个人知觉空间individual problem solving 个别问题解决individual psychology 个体心理学individual psychotherapy 个别心理治疗个别心理治疗法individual pupil monitoring system 个别学生监察系统individual ranking 个人排序法individual scale 个人量表individual schedule 个人调查表individual space 个人空间individual symbol 个别性象征individual term 个别项individual test 个别测验individual therapy 个别治疗法individual trait 个人特质individual variant 个别变异individual will 个人意志individual workplaces 个人工作场地individualism 个人主义individualistic reward structure 个别奖赏结构individuality 个性individuality formation 个性形成individuality of character 性格的个别性性格的个别性individuality theory 个性理论individualization 个性化individualized education 个别化教育individualized instruction 个别化教学individualized language 个性化语言individually guided education 个别指导教学individuation 个别化individuation process 个性化过程indoctrination 教条灌输indolence 懒惰indoor noise 室内噪声induce 诱发induced abortion 人为堕胎induced aggression 诱导性攻击induced analgesia 诱发性痛觉缺失induced association 诱导联想induced color 诱导色induced compliance 诱发依从induced dormancy 诱导休眠induced exercise 诱导练习induced hallucination 诱导幻觉induced motion 诱动现象induced motion perception 诱导运动知觉induced movement 诱导运动induced mutation 诱导突变induced potential 诱发电位induced compliance paradigm 诱从范式诱从范式inducement 诱因inducer 诱导物inducible system 诱导系统inducing color 诱导色induction 归纳induction 诱导induction method 归纳法inductive argument 归纳式论证inductive effect 诱导效应inductive inference 归纳推理inductive method 归纳法inductive reasoning 归纳推理inductive research 归纳研究inductive statistics 归纳统计学inductive stimulus 诱发刺激inductive substance 诱导物质inductive teaching model 归纳教学法inductive test 归纳测验inductiveness 感应inductive deductive reasoning 归纳演绎推理inductor 感应体inductor 诱导体indulgence 放任indulgence 恣纵indulgent 纵容的industrial accident 工厂事故industrial and mining establishments 工矿企业industrial conflict 工业化冲突industrial consultants 工业咨询industrial control 工业管理industrial democracy 工业化民主industrial department 工业部门industrial design 工业设计industrial development 工业发展industrial disease 工业病industrial distribution 工业分布industrial efficiency 工业效率industrial engineering 工业工程工业工程industrial enterprise 工业企业industrial fatigue 工业疲劳industrial hygiene 工业卫生学industrial labour 工业劳动industrial management 工业管理industrial mental health 工业心理卫生工业心理卫生industrial noise 工业噪声industrial occupancy 工业区industrial planning 工业计划industrial production capacity 工业生产能力industrial production survey 工业生产调查industrial psychiatry 工业精神病学industrial psychology 工业心理industrial psychology 工业心理学industrial recreation 工余康乐industrial relations 工业关系industrial relations 劳资关系industrial revolution 工业革命industrial robot 工业用机器人industrial sabotage 工业破坏industrial safety 工业安全industrial social psychology 工业社会心理学industrial sociology 工业社会学industrial stagnation 工业停滞industrial standardization 工业标准化industrial statistics 工业统计industrial supervision 工业监督industrial training 工业训练industrial undertaking 工业企业industrial work 工业性作业industrial workers 产业工人industrialization 工业化industrialized society 工业化社会industrial organizational psychology 工业组织心理学industry gerontology 工业老年学industry vs inferiority conflict 勤业与自卑的矛盾inebriation 酒醉inebriety 醉癖ineducable 不可教育的inefficacy 无效inelastic 无适应性的inenarrable 难以描述的inequality 不平等inequitable relationship 不公平关系inequity 不公平ineradicable 不能根除的inert 惰性的inert type 不活泼型inertia 惰性inescapable 逃避不了的inestimable parameter 无法估计参数inevitable 不可避免的inexact data 不准确数据inexcitability 无反应性inexcusable 不可原谅的inexecutable 难以实行的inexistent 不存在的inexperience 缺乏经验inexpressive 无表情的inextricable 不能解决的infallible data 可靠数据infancy 婴儿期infancy stage 婴儿期infant 婴儿infant behavior and development 婴儿行为与发育infant development 婴儿发展infant education 幼儿教育infant intelligence scale 婴儿智力量表婴儿智力量表infant mental health journal 婴儿心理卫生杂志infant psychology 婴儿心理学infant psychophysics 婴儿精神物理学infant socialization 婴儿社会化infant test 婴儿测验infant vocalization 婴儿发声infanticide 杀婴infanticulture 育儿法infantile 幼稚的infantile amentia 幼儿痴呆infantile amnesia 婴儿期遗忘infantile amnesia 幼年经验失忆症infantile autism 婴儿期自闭症infantile convulsion 婴儿痉孪infantile neurosis 幼儿神经症infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹症infantile personality 幼稚型人格infantile polymorphous perverse 婴儿期的多形性反常infantile psychosis 婴儿期精神症infantile sexuality 幼儿性欲infantile speech 婴儿言语infantile stimulation 幼儿期刺激infantile trauma 婴儿期创伤infantilism 幼稚病infatuation 迷恋infect 感染infection 感染infections disorder 传染性疾病infectious 感染性的infectiousness 传染性infective psychosis 感染性精神病infecundity 不育infelicity 不幸infer 推论inference 推论inference of immediate 直接推论inference of mediate 间接推论inferential logic 推论逻辑inferential statistics 推论统计inferior colliculus 下丘inferior oblique muscles 下斜肌inferior olivary nuclei 下橄榄核inferior retcus 下直肌inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回皮层inferiority 自卑inferiority complex 自卑情结inferiority feeling 自卑感infernal circle 恶性循环inferred self 推论自我infertility 不孕infest 侵扰infidelity 不忠实infinite population 无限总体infinite value logic 无限价值逻辑infinitive 原形infirmity 衰弱inflammation 激动inflated 夸张的inflation 人格扩张inflection 曲折inflow theory 流入说influence 影响influence factor 影响因素influence theory of organization 组织的影响理论influencing agent 影响者influx of stimulus 刺激流入。
心理学专业词汇I
IA 项目和配列IA 智力年龄ianthinopsia 紫幻视IAR theory 内隐联想反应理论iatreusiology 治疗学iatrogenic disorder 误诊致病iatrogenic homosexuality 误导性同性恋误导性同性恋iatrogenic neurosis 误诊性神经症iatrogenic neurosis 医源性神经症iatrology 医学iceberg organization 冰堡组织ice mountain profile 冰山剖面图ichthyophobia 恐鱼症iconic 形象的iconic experience of moral feeling 想象的道德情感体验iconic memory 映象记忆iconic representation 形象性表象iconic representation model 形象表象方式iconic representation stage 形象再现表象阶段iconic sign 图象符号iconic store 映像贮存iconography 图解iconolagny 恋肖像癖iconolatry 偶像崇拜iconomania 肖像崇拜癖ICT 胰岛素休克治疗法ictal 突发的ictal depression 发作性抑郁症ictal emotion 突发情绪ictometer 心搏计ictus 暴发ictus epilepticus 癫痫猝发ICW Interest Record 儿童福利机构的孩童兴趣纪录Id 本我id anxiety 本我焦虑idea 观念idea 意见idea of justice 公正观念idea of reason 理性观念idea of reference 参照主意idea of self accusation 自责观念ideal 理想ideal color 理想色ideal ego 理想自我ideal goal 理想目标ideal masochism 想象被虐狂ideal point 理想点ideal self 理想自我ideal sort 理想分类ideal strategy 理想策略ideal type 理想型ideal world 理想世界idealism 理想主义idealism 唯心论idealist apriorism 唯心论的先验观idealistic positivism 唯心实证主义idealistic psychology 唯心主义心理学唯心主义心理学ideality 理想idealization 理想化idealized image 理想化形象idealized self 理想化我idealless 没理想的ideate 形成概念ideation 观念作用ideational apraxia 观念性失用症ideational learning 观念学习ideational memory 观念记忆ideational type 观念型idea chase 意念飘忽idea motor 意念运动identical 相同的identical anchor items 相同参照测验题相同定锚测验题identical concept 同一概念identical element 相同要素identical elements theory 同元素论identical retinal point 网膜对应点identical twins 同卵双生identifiability principle 辨识原则identifiability principle 同一性原则identification 认同identification 识别identification ability 识别能力identification code 识别码identification condition 识别条件identification figure 认同人物identification foreclosure 同一性拒斥identification learning 辨别学习identification marking 识别标志identification of evidence 证据辨认identification problem 识别问题identification test 鉴别测验identification time 辨别时间identifier 识别符identify 识别identifying restrictions 识别的约束条件识别的约束条件identity 认同identity achievement 认同达成identity crises 认同危机identity diffusion 认同性扩散identity diffusion syndrome 同一性扩散综合症identity foreclosure 过早自认identity foreclosure 早闭型统合identity formation 自认形成identity hypothesis 同一性假说identity level of concept 概念守恒阶段概念守 阶段identity moratorium 未定型统合identity moratorium 自认拖延identity of object and self 物我合一identity of perception 知觉同一性identity of relation 关系的同一identity of thinking and being 思维和存在的同一性identity test 鉴定试验identity vs role diffusion 同一性与角色混乱identity vs role diffusion conflict 自认与角色扩散之矛盾ideodynamism 观念统制ideogenetic 观念性的ideoglandular 观念性腺分泌ideogram 表意文字ideograph 符号ideography 意符系统ideokinetic 意念性动作的ideokinetic apraxia 意想运动性运用不能ideolectotype 自选模式标本ideological 意识形态的ideological education 意识形态教育ideological form 观念形态ideologue 空想家ideology 意识形态ideometabolism 观念性代谢ideomotion 观念性动作ideomotor 意识运动性的ideophobia 观念恐怖症ideophone 摹拟音ideophrenia 观念倒错ideoplasy 观念凝注ideoreflex 观念反射ideo motion training 念动训练ideo motor 念动ideo motor apraxia 观念 运动性失用症观念 运动性失用症ideo motor theory 动念说idioadaptation 特殊适应idioadaptation evolution 特殊适应性演化idiochromosome 性染色体idiocrasy 特异反应性idioctonia 自杀idiocy 白痴idioecology 个体生态学idiogamist 自偶者idiogenesis 自发病idioglossia 新语病idiographic 个人签名的idiographic approach 个人特质研究法个人特质研究法idiographic psychology 特殊规律心理学特殊规律心理学idiohypnotism 自我催眠idiolalia 自语症idiolect 个人言语特点idiologism 自解言语症idiom 成语idiom 惯用语idioneural 神经自身的idiopathia 自发病idiopathic 自发idiopathic epilepsy 自发性癫痫症idiophrenic 脑本身的idioplasm 胚质idiopsychologic 自发心理的idioreflex 自发性反射idiosyncrasy 特异反应性idiosyncrasy 特质idiosyncrasy credit 特殊信任idiot 白痴idiot 低能idiotia 白痴idiotia diplegica 双侧瘫性白痴idiotia epileptica 癫痫性白痴idiotia familialis amaurotica 黑蒙家族性白痴idiotia hemiplegica 偏瘫性白痴idiotia hydrocephalica 水脑性白痴idiotia microcephalica 小头性白痴idiotia paralytica 麻痹性白痴idiotia paraplegica 截瘫性白痴idiotic 白痴的idiotropic 内省的idiotype 个体基因型idiot savant 低能特才idiovariation 自发性变异idio imbecile 痴愚idol 偶像idolater 偶像崇拜者idolatress 偶像崇拜者idolatrous 崇拜偶像的idolatry 偶像崇拜idolum 谬论id ego conflict 伊特 自我冲突IE 工业工程工业工程IE ratio 呼吸比率ignominy 耻辱ignoramus 毫无知识的人ignorance 愚昧ignore 不顾ikonic 形象的illation 演绎illegal demand 非法需要illegal mind 违法心理illegality 违法illegitimacy 不合理illegitimate children 私生儿童illegitimate combination 不正常结合illegitimate copulation 不正常接合illegitimate political behavior 非法的政治行为illiberal 无教养的illicit 不正当的Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities 伊利诺心理语言能力测验illiteracy 文盲illness 疾病illness frequency rate 患病率illness management 管理不善illness suited 不适合illuminance 照度illuminant color 发光色illumination 豁朗期illumination 照明illumination distribution 照明分布illumination effect 照明效应illumination ergonomics 照明工效学illumination flicker 照度闪耀illumination level 照明水平illumination meter 照度计illumination theory of cognition 光照论illumination uniformity 照明均匀性illumine 启发illusion 错觉illusion in flight 飞行错觉illusion of angle and direction 角度 方向错觉illusion of assimilation contrast of concentric circles 同心圆同化 对比错觉illusion of auditory 听错觉illusion of control 控制错觉illusion of curvature 弯曲错觉illusion of doubles 相联错觉illusion of false recognition 误认错觉illusion of memory 记忆错觉illusion of movement 运动错觉illusion of negative doubles 反向相识错觉illusion of orientation 定向错觉illusion of positive doubles 正向相识错觉illusion of size 大小错觉illusion of unanimity 一致性错觉illusory contour 错觉轮廓illustration 说明illutation 泥浴疗法ill being 不好的境地ill breeding 教养不好ill defined problem 定义有缺陷问题定义有缺陷问题ill feeling 敌意ill fortune 厄运ill humour 心情恶劣image 映象image analysis 映象分析image formation 成象image interview 映象面谈image memory 表象记忆image of problem 问题表象image processing 想象过程image scanning 意象审视image strategy 意象战略image survey 意象调查image training 表象训练image type 表象型imageless thinking 无意象思维imageless thought 无意象思考imagery 意象imagery code 意象码imagery therapy 想象治疗法imagery thinking 意象思维imagery training 意象训练imagery type 意象型imaginal memory 形象记忆imaginal thinking 形象思维imaginary audience 假想观众imaginary audience in adolescence 青少年期的假想观众imaginary color stimulus 假想色刺激imaginary companion 假想游伴imaginary playmates 假想玩伴imaginary space 想象空间imaginary threshold 假想临界imagination 想象imagination in music 音乐想象imagination training 想象训练imaginative 富于想象的imaginative image 想象表象imaginative play 想象游戏imaginative power 想象力imagine 想象imago 潜存替象imago 无意识意向imbalance 不平衡imbalantia 肌平衡觉缺失imbecile 痴愚imbecility 愚笨imbecillitas 痴愚imbecillitas phenylpyruvica 智力发育不全性苯丙酮尿imbedding 嵌入imbedding method 嵌入法imbroglio 纠葛imipramine 丙咪嗪imitate 模拟imitated tactic training 战术模拟训练imitation 模仿imitation law 模仿律imitation learning 模仿学习imitation of sex typed behavior 性别行为的模仿imitation psychology 模仿心理学imitation strategy 模仿战略imitation theory of crime 犯罪模仿论犯罪模 论imitation with expansion 扩充模仿imitative imagination 模仿想象imitative learning 模仿学习imitative play 模仿性游戏imitative sound 模仿音imitativeness 模仿性imitator 模拟器immanence 内在性immanent 内在的immanent action 内在活动immanent contradiction 内在矛盾immanent factor 内在因素immaterial 非物质的immaterial substance 非物质实体immature 不成熟immature 未成熟的immature personality 幼稚人格immatureness 未成熟immaturity 不成熟immaturity of emotion 情绪不成熟immaturity of psychosexual 性心理不成熟immaturity maturity theory 未成熟 成熟理论immediacy 直接immediate 即时的immediate 直接的immediate access 快速存贮immediate association 即时联想immediate cause 近因immediate constituent 直接成分immediate experience 直接经验immediate explosive power 瞬间爆发力瞬间爆发力immediate feedback 即时反馈immediate gratification 即时满足immediate heredity 直接遗传immediate inference 直接推理immediate knowledge 直接知识immediate memory 即时记忆immediate memory span 即时记忆广度即时记忆广度immediate memory span test 即时记忆广度测验immediate perception 直觉immediate psychological state 临场心理状态immediate reaction 即时反应immediate reasoning 即时推理immediate recall 即时回忆immediate thinking 临场思维immigrant 移民immigration 移居imminence 急迫imminent justice 立时惩处immobility 不动性immobilization 制动immoderate 无节制的immoral 不道德的immorality 不道德immortality 永生妄想immunization 抗劝immunize 免疫immunobiology 免疫生物学immunogenetics 免疫遗传学immunotherapy 免疫疗法immure 监禁immutability 不变性impact 冲击impact of unemployment 失业冲击impaction 冲击impaired 受损impairment 损伤impairment of hearing 听力损伤imparting of experience 经验的传授impasse 绝境impasse priority therapy 绝境先行疗法绝境先行疗法impassion 激动impassive 缺乏热情的impatience 急躁impedance 阻抗impede 阻止impediment speech 言语障碍impel 迫使imperative 强迫的imperative auditory hallucination 命令性幻听imperative idea 强迫观念imperceptible 感觉不到的imperceptible given 未感知到的材料imperception 知觉不全imperceptive 知觉缺乏的imperceptiveness 知觉缺乏impercipience 无知觉能力imperfect 不完全的imperfect competition 不完全竞争imperfect induction 不完全归纳推理imperil 危害impermeable construct 非渗透性建构impersonal 非个人的imperturbation 沉着impetuosity 急躁impetuous type 不可遏止型impetus 冲动implantation 移植implement plan 执行计划implication 含蓄implicit 内隐的implicit associative response 内隐联想反应implicit associative response theory 内隐联想反应理论implicit behavior 内隐行为implicit favorite model 隐含偏爱模型implicit learning 隐学习implicit memory 内隐记忆implicit personality theory 内隐人格论内隐性格观implicit reinforcement 隐蔽的强化作用隐蔽的增强作用implicit response 内隐反应implicit speech 内隐言语implicit style 含蓄implicit theories 内隐理论implicit theories of leadership 内隐领导理论implosion 以恐治恐法implosive psychotherapy 内爆心理治疗内爆心理治疗法implosive therapy 内爆疗法imply 蕴涵importance principle 重要性原则importance value index 重要值指数important event 重大事件important records 重要事项记述importation 输入impossible figure 不可能图形impostor 谎言癖者imposture 欺骗impotence 性无能impotentia 阳萎impotentia coeundi 交媾不能性阳萎impotentia erigendi 勃起不能性阳萎impoverished perception 刺激贫缺知觉刺激贫缺知觉impoverished perception 简约化知觉impoverishment 枯竭impressed variation 强制变异impression 印象impression advertising 印象广告impression formation 印象形成impression management 印象操纵impression management 印象管理impression method 印象法impression of maternal 母感影响impressionability 易感性impressionism 印象派impressive aphasia 感觉性失语impressiveness 印象性imprinting 印记imprison 监禁improbity 不诚实improper character 非正常特征improvement 改善improvement curve 进步曲线improvement of environment 环境改善improvement of office work 办公室工作改善improvisation 临时润饰improvisational performance 即兴表演imprudence 轻率impuberism 未成年impuberty 前青春期impugn 指责impulse 冲动impulse buying 冲动购买impulse counter 脉冲计数器impulse disorders 冲动性障碍impulse frequency 脉冲频率impulse noise 脉冲噪声impulse ridden 冲动驱使impulse ridden personality 冲动性人格 动性人格impulsing 发生脉冲impulsion 冲动impulsive 冲动的impulsive action 冲动行为impulsive behavior 冲动行为impulsive child 冲动儿童impulsive nature 冲动本性impulsive neurosis 冲动性神经症impulsive noise 脉冲噪声impulsive obsession 冲动欲impulsive sound 冲击音impulsive style 冲动型impulsive tic 冲动性抽搐impulsive type 冲动型impulsiveness 冲动性impunitive 不罚型imputation 诋毁in advance 提前in corpora 体内in opposition to each other 互相对立in vitro 试管内inability 无能inability of empathy 感情移入不能inability of impression 铭记障碍inability to fix 铭记困难inaccessibility 难接近inaccessible 难接近的inaccuracy 不正确inaction 不活跃inactivation 失活inactivation center 失活中心inactive region 不活动区inactive state 不活动状态inadaptability 不适应性inadaptable 不能适应的inadaptation 不适应inadaptive phase 不适应阶段inadequacy 不适当inadequate 不适当的inadequate personality 不适当人格inadequate stimulus 不当刺激inadvertence 漫不经心inadvertent 粗心大意的inadvisable 不明智的inaesthetic 无审美感的inanimate 非生物性inanition 营养不足inappetence 食欲不振inappropriate affect 不适当情感inarticulate speech 不清晰言语inattention 不注意inauspicious 不祥的inavoidance need 避败需求inaxon 长轴索细胞inbeing 本性inborn 天生的inborn reflex 先天反射inbred 近亲交配inbreeding 近亲繁殖inbreeding coefficient 近亲系数incapacity 无能incarcerate 禁闭incendiarism 纵火狂incendiary mania 纵火狂incentive 诱因incentive condition 刺激条件incentive management 奖励管理incentive motivation 诱因动机incentive system 激励制度incentive theory 诱因论incentive value 诱因价incertitude 无把握incest 乱伦incest avoidance 乱伦回避incest barrier 乱伦阻障incest dream 乱伦梦incest fantasy 乱伦幻想incest taboo 乱伦禁忌incidence 关联incidence rate 发生率incident 事件incident process method 发生过程法incidental 偶然的incidental error 偶然误差incidental error of observation 观察偶误观察偶误incidental learning 偶然学习incidental memory 无意记忆incidental sampling 偶然抽样incidental stimulus 伴随刺激incipient 初始的incitantia 精神兴奋剂incite 激励incivility 粗暴言行inclemency 险恶inclination 倾向inclination coding 倾度编码inclination illusion 倾斜错觉incline 倾向inclusion need 合群需求incognizant 未意识到的incoherence 不连贯incoherent of speech 言语散乱income 收入income level 收入水平incompatible response 不相容反应incompetence 机能不全incompetent 无能incomplete data 不完全资料incomplete design 不完全设计incomplete learning method 不完全学习法incomplete man test 人像填补测验incomplete picture test 缺图测验incomplete sentence test 填句测验incomplete survey 非全面调查incomprehension 缺乏理解inconceivable 不可想象的incondite 无礼貌的inconformity 不一致incongruence 不协调incongruity 不相称inconscient 无意识的inconsequent 不连贯的inconsistency 不一致性inconsistent 不一致的inconsolable 极度沮丧的inconspicuous 难以察觉的inconstancy 反复无常incontinence 失禁incontinence of feces 大便失禁incontinence of urine 尿失禁inconvertibility 不可转化性inconvincible 不能说服的incoordination 不协调incorporation 结合incorporation 渗入incorporation mistake 渗入误差incorporeal 非物质的incorret 错误的incorrigible 难以纠正的increase 增进increase accumulation 增加累计increase of mental metabolism 心理代谢过旺incredible 不可信的incredulity 不相信increment 增加incremental learning 逐步积累的学习incremental threshold 增值阈incremental validity 增值效度incretion 内分泌incretology 内分泌学incretopathy 内分泌病incretory 内分泌的incretory gland 内分泌腺incretotherapy 内分泌疗法incubation 潜伏incubation 酝酿incubation period 潜伏期incubation stage 孕育期incubus 梦魇inculcation 谆谆教诲incult 粗俗的incumbency 责任incur 招惹incurable 不能治愈的incurvation 向内弯曲incurvation reflex 躯体侧弯反射incus 砧骨indecent assault 猥亵犯罪indecipherable 难辨认的indecision 犹豫indecorum 失礼的言行indefatigable 不倦的indefinite 无限的indefinite variability 不定变异性indemnify 保障indemonstrable 无法证明的independence 独立性independence in judgment 独立判断independence test 独立性检验independent action 独立行动independent assortment 独立分配independent behavior 独立行为independent comparison 独立比较independent control 独立控制independent development 主动发育independent discovery learning 独立发现学习independent event 独立事件independent experiment 独立实验independent factor 独立因素independent group 独立组independent group design 独立组设计independent inversion 个别倒位independent judgment 独立判断independent living 独立生活independent observation 独立观察independent personality 独立人格independent probability 独立机率independent reflection 独立反省independent sample 独立样本independent sampling 独立抽样independent trials 独立试验independent variable 独立变量independent variable 自变量independent variable×subject variable design 自变量×被试变量设计自变项×被试变项设计indeterminate 不确定的indeterminate task 不明确任务indetermination 不确定indeterminism 非决定论index 索引index 指数index case 指标个案index mark 指标index of constancy 常性指数index of determination 决定指数index of difficulty 难度指数index of discrimination 鉴别指数index of forecasting efficiency 预测效率指数index of perceptual constancy 知觉常性指数index of phenomenal regression 现象性回归指数index of precision 确定指数index of reliability 信度指数index of retest consistency 复测一致性指数index of school effectiveness 学校效能指标index of silent reading test 默读能力测量指标index of stability 稳定指数index of variability 变异指数index of wages 工资指数index variable 指标变量indicant 指标indication 指示法indication 指征indicative character 指示特征indicator 指示器indifference 淡漠indifference 无差别indifference curve 无差别曲线indifference point 无差别点indifferent euphoria 淡漠型欣快indifferent stimulus 无关刺激indifferentism 冷漠主义indigence 贫困indigestion 难以理解indignity 侮辱indirect 间接indirect acting factor 间接影响因素indirect aggression 间接攻击indirect comprehension 间接理解indirect conditioning 间接条件作用indirect correlation 间接相关indirect glare 间接眩光indirect group 间接群体indirect inference 间接推理indirect intent 间接故意indirect intercourse 间接交往indirect interest 间接兴趣indirect judgment 间接判断indirect lighting 间接照明indirect measurement 间接测量indirect method of teaching 间接教学法间接教学法indirect observation 间接观察indirect recall 间接回忆indirect relation 间接关系indirect scaling 间接量表法indirect suggestion 间接暗示indirect survey 间接调查indirect teaching 间接教学indirect vision 间接视觉indiscipline 无纪律indiscretion 不慎重indiscriminate 不加区别的indisposition 不舒服indistinct play 未分化型游戏individual 个体individual aggression 个人攻击individual behavior 个人行为individual character 个性individual characteristics 个人特征individual consciousness 个体意识individual counseling 个别咨询individual delinquency 个人犯罪individual development 个体发展individual development period 个体发展期individual development psychology 个性发展心理学individual diagnosis 个别诊断individual difference 个别差异individual difference in learning 学习的个别差异individual difference model 个别差异模型individual differences 个体差异individual distance 个体距离individual ecology 个体生态学Individual education 个别教育Individual guided education 个别指导教学individual habitat 个体生境individual identity 个人统合individual inclination 个性倾向性individual intelligence test 个别智力测验individual learning 个人学习individual mental characteristics 个性心理特征individual mind 个性心理individual morality 个人道德individual need 个人需要individual object space 个人的对象空间个人的对象空间individual perceptual space 个人知觉空间individual problem solving 个别问题解决individual psychology 个体心理学individual psychotherapy 个别心理治疗个别心理治疗法Individual Pupil Monitoring System 个别学生监察系统individual ranking 个人排序法individual scale 个人量表individual schedule 个人调查表individual space 个人空间individual symbol 个别性象征individual term 个别项individual test 个别测验individual therapy 个别治疗法individual trait 个人特质individual variant 个别变异individual will 个人意志individual workplaces 个人工作场地individualism 个人主义individualistic reward structure 个别奖赏结构individuality 个性individuality formation 个性形成individuality of character 性格的个别性性格的个别性individuality theory 个性理论individualization 个性化individualized education 个别化教育individualized instruction 个别化教学individualized language 个性化语言individually guided education 个别指导教学individuation 个别化individuation process 个性化过程indoctrination 教条灌输indolence 懒惰indoor noise 室内噪声induce 诱发induced abortion 人为堕胎induced aggression 诱导性攻击induced analgesia 诱发性痛觉缺失induced association 诱导联想induced color 诱导色induced compliance 诱发依从induced dormancy 诱导休眠induced exercise 诱导练习induced hallucination 诱导幻觉induced motion 诱动现象induced motion perception 诱导运动知觉induced movement 诱导运动induced mutation 诱导突变induced potential 诱发电位induced compliance paradigm 诱从范式诱从范式inducement 诱因inducer 诱导物inducible system 诱导系统inducing color 诱导色induction 归纳induction 诱导induction method 归纳法inductive argument 归纳式论证inductive effect 诱导效应inductive inference 归纳推理inductive method 归纳法inductive reasoning 归纳推理inductive research 归纳研究inductive statistics 归纳统计学inductive stimulus 诱发刺激inductive substance 诱导物质inductive teaching model 归纳教学法inductive test 归纳测验inductiveness 感应inductive deductive reasoning 归纳 演绎推理inductor 感应体inductor 诱导体indulgence 放任indulgence 恣纵indulgent 纵容的industrial accident 工厂事故industrial and mining establishments 工矿企业industrial conflict 工业化冲突industrial consultants 工业咨询industrial control 工业管理industrial democracy 工业化民主industrial department 工业部门industrial design 工业设计industrial development 工业发展industrial disease 工业病industrial distribution 工业分布industrial efficiency 工业效率industrial engineering 工业工程工业工程industrial enterprise 工业企业industrial fatigue 工业疲劳industrial hygiene 工业卫生学industrial labour 工业劳动industrial management 工业管理industrial mental health 工业心理卫生工业心理卫生industrial noise 工业噪声industrial occupancy 工业区industrial planning 工业计划industrial production capacity 工业生产能力industrial production survey 工业生产调查industrial psychiatry 工业精神病学Industrial Psychology 工业心理industrial psychology 工业心理学industrial recreation 工余康乐industrial relations 工业关系industrial relations 劳资关系industrial revolution 工业革命industrial robot 工业用机器人industrial sabotage 工业破坏industrial safety 工业安全industrial social psychology 工业社会心理学industrial sociology 工业社会学industrial stagnation 工业停滞industrial standardization 工业标准化industrial statistics 工业统计industrial supervision 工业监督industrial training 工业训练industrial undertaking 工业企业industrial work 工业性作业industrial workers 产业工人industrialization 工业化industrialized society 工业化社会industrial organizational psychology 工业组织心理学industry gerontology 工业老年学industry vs inferiority conflict 勤业与自卑的矛盾inebriation 酒醉inebriety 醉癖ineducable 不可教育的inefficacy 无效inelastic 无适应性的inenarrable 难以描述的inequality 不平等inequitable relationship 不公平关系inequity 不公平ineradicable 不能根除的inert 惰性的inert type 不活泼型inertia 惰性inescapable 逃避不了的inestimable parameter 无法估计参数inevitable 不可避免的inexact data 不准确数据inexcitability 无反应性inexcusable 不可原谅的inexecutable 难以实行的inexistent 不存在的inexperience 缺乏经验inexpressive 无表情的inextricable 不能解决的infallible data 可靠数据infancy 婴儿期infancy stage 婴儿期infant 婴儿Infant Behavior and Development 婴儿行为与发育infant development 婴儿发展infant education 幼儿教育infant intelligence scale 婴儿智力量表婴儿智力量表Infant Mental Health Journal 婴儿心理卫生杂志infant psychology 婴儿心理学infant psychophysics 婴儿精神物理学infant socialization 婴儿社会化infant test 婴儿测验infant vocalization 婴儿发声infanticide 杀婴infanticulture 育儿法infantile 幼稚的infantile amentia 幼儿痴呆infantile amnesia 婴儿期遗忘infantile amnesia 幼年经验失忆症infantile autism 婴儿期自闭症infantile convulsion 婴儿痉孪infantile neurosis 幼儿神经症infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹症infantile personality 幼稚型人格infantile polymorphous perverse 婴儿期的多形性反常infantile psychosis 婴儿期精神症infantile sexuality 幼儿性欲infantile speech 婴儿言语infantile stimulation 幼儿期刺激infantile trauma 婴儿期创伤infantilism 幼稚病infatuation 迷恋infect 感染infection 感染infections disorder 传染性疾病infectious 感染性的infectiousness 传染性infective psychosis 感染性精神病infecundity 不育infelicity 不幸infer 推论inference 推论inference of immediate 直接推论inference of mediate 间接推论inferential logic 推论逻辑inferential statistics 推论统计inferior colliculus 下丘inferior oblique muscles 下斜肌inferior olivary nuclei 下橄榄核inferior retcus 下直肌inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回皮层inferiority 自卑inferiority complex 自卑情结inferiority feeling 自卑感infernal circle 恶性循环inferred self 推论自我infertility 不孕infest 侵扰infidelity 不忠实infinite population 无限总体infinite value logic 无限价值逻辑infinitive 原形infirmity 衰弱inflammation 激动inflated 夸张的inflation 人格扩张inflection 曲折inflow theory 流入说influence 影响influence factor 影响因素influence theory of organization 组织的影响理论influencing agent 影响者influx of stimulus 刺激流入informal 非正式的informal communication 非正式沟通informal group 非正式群体informal interview 非正式面谈informal network 非正式沟通网络informal organization 非正式组织informal test 非正式测验informatics 信息学information 情报information 信息information acquisition 信息获得information analysis 信息分析information analyst 信息分析专家information bank 资料库information bit 信息单位information capacity 信息容量information channel 信息通路information coding 信息编码information community 信息共同体information content 信息内容information cue 信息提示information display 信息显示information dissemination 信息传递information economics 信息经济学information encoding 信息编号information error 信息误差information exchange 信息交换information explosion 信息爆炸information feedback 信息反馈information gap 信息差距information giving 提供信息information input 信息输入information overload 信息超负荷information pollution 信息污染information pressure 信息压力information process 信息过程information process of purchasers 买主的信息加工information processing 信息加工information processing language 信息加工语言information processing model of learning 学习信息加工模式information processing models 信息加工模式information processing psychology 信息加工心理学information processing system 信息加工系统information processing theory 信息加工理论information processing theory of emotion 情绪信息加工理论information psychology 信息心理学information rate 信息率information redundance 信息冗余度information residue 信息多余性information response 信息反应information retrieval 信息检索information science 信息科学information source 信息源information storage 信息贮存information storage unit 信息贮存器information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术information test 常识测验information theory 信息论information transfer 信息传递information transmission 信息传输information transmission system 信息传输系统informational influence 信息影响informational power 信息力informational power 知识权力informational response 信息反应informational RNA 信息RNAinformational roles of managers 管理者的信息角色informational social influence 信息性社会影响information processing flowchart 信息加工流程图information processing model 信息加工模型information processing model of attention 注意的信息加工模型information processing of intelligence 智力信息加工information processing psychology 信息加工心理学information processing theory 信息处理论information processing theory of intelligence 信息处理智力论informative advertising 信息广告informative advertising 知识性广告informed consent 知会同意informosome 信息体infracortical 皮质下的infraction 违背infrahuman 低于人类的infrahuman language 类人猿语言infrared lamp 红外线灯infrared ray 红外线infrasonic 次声的infrasound 次声infrastructure 基础infrequent inquiry 不经常性调查infringe 违反infringement 违法行为infundibulum 漏斗部ing 差别任意加权ingather 收集ingenuity 机灵ingest 摄食ingestion 摄食ingestive 摄食的ingestive behavior 摄食行为ingrate 忘恩的人ingratiation 奉承ingratiation tactics 讨好策略ingratitude 忘恩负义ingredient 组成部分ingroup 内集团ingroup outgroup 群体内 群体外inharmony 不和谐inherence 内在固有性inherent 先天的inherent character 固有特性inherent law 内在规律inherent variability 固有变异性inherit 遗传inheritability ratio 遗传率inheritable 可遗传的inheritance 遗传inheritance of acquired character 获得性状遗传inherited character 遗传特性inherited coordination 遗传协调inherited releasing mechanism 遗传释放机制inherited tendency 遗传趋势inherited trait 遗传特质inhesion 内在性inhibit 抑制inhibitable type 抑制型inhibited factor 抑制因素inhibited gene 抑制基因inhibited sexual desire 性欲过抑inhibiting phase 抑制相inhibition 抑制inhibition by extinction 消退抑制inhibition effect 禁忌效应inhibition of delay 延迟抑制inhibition of identical stimulus 相同刺激抑制inhibition of inhibition 抑制性抑制inhibition of reinforcement 强化抑制inhibition of thought 思考抑制inhibition postsynaptic potential 抑制性突触后电位。
语言学第五版第六单元术语
语言学第五版第六单元术语1. Psycholinguistics is the study of psychological aspects of language; it usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. As an interdisciplinary academic field basied on psychology and linguistics, psycholinguistics investigates the six following subjects: language acquisition, language comprehension, language production, language disorders,language and thought, and cognitive architecture of language, the most important research subjects are acquisition, comprehension and production.2. Language acquisition is one of the central topics in psycholinguistics. Acquiring a first language is something every child does successfully, in a matter of a few years and without the need for formal lessons. Four phrases are identified and acknowledged in the process of language acquisition: holophrastic stage, two word stage, three word utterances, and, fluent grammatical conversation stage.3. holophrastic stage is the first phase of language acquisition. The main linguistic accomplishments during this stage are control of the speech musculature and sensitivity tothe phonetic distinctions used in the parents’language. Shortly before their first birthday, babies begin to unstand words, and around that birthday, they start to produce them.4. two word stage is the second phase of language acquisition. Around 18 months, the child begins to learn words at the rate of one every two walking hours, and keeps learning that rate or faster through adolescence.5. Three word utterances stage is the third phase of language acquisition. Three word utterances look like samples drawn from longer potential sentences expressing a complete and more complated idea.6. connectionism: With respection to the respect to language comprehension, connectionism in psycholinguistics claims that readers use the same system of links between spelling units and sound units to generate the pronunciations of written words and to access the pronunciations of familiar words, or words that are exceptions to these patterns. In this view, similarity and frequency play important roles in processing and comprehending language, with the novel iterms being processed based on their similarity to known ones.7. Cohort model is a supposed doctrine dealing with the spoken word recognitionpostulation postulated by Marslen Wilson and Welsh in 1990. It is suggested that the first few phonemes of a spoken word activate a set or cohort of word candidates that are consistent with the input. These candidates compete with one another for activation. As more acoustic input is analyzed, candidates that are no longer consistent with the input drop out of the set. This process continues until only one word candidate is a clear winner.8. Interactive model holds that in recognizing the spoken words higher processing levels have direct, “top down”influence on lower levels. Lexical knowedge can affect the perception of phonemes. There is interactivity in the formal of lexical effects on the perception of sublexical units. In certain cases, listeners’ knowledge of words can lead to the inhibition of certain phonems; in other cases, listeners continue to “hear” phonemes that have been removed from the speech signal and replaced by noise.9. Race model suggests in spoken word recognition there are two routes that race each other a pre lexical route, which computers phonological information from the acoustic signal, and a lexical route in which the phonological information associated with a word becomes available when the word itselfis accessed When word level information appears to affect a lower level process, it is assumed that the lexical route won the race.10. Serial model proposes that the sentence comprehension system continually and sequentially follows the constraints of a language grammar with remarkable speed. serial model describes how the processor quickly constructs one or more representations of a sentence based on a restricted range of information that is guaranteed to be relevant to its interpretation ,primarily grammatical information .Any such representation is then quickly interpreted and evaluated, using the full range of information that might be relevant.11. Parallel model emphasizes that the comprehension system is sensitive to a vast range of information .including grammatical, lexical, and contextual, as well as knowledge of the speaker writer and of the world in general. parallel model describes how the processor users all relevant information to quickly evaluate the full range of possible interpretations of a sentence .it is generally acknowledged that listener and readers integrate and situational knowledge in understandinga sentence.12. Resonance model is a model about text comprehension,in this model , information in long term memory is automatically activated by the presence of material that apparently bears a rough semantic relation to it .semantic details, including factors such as negation that drastically change the truth of propositions , do not seem to affect the resonance process. It emphasized a more active and intelligent search for meaning as the basis by which a reader discovers the conceptual structure of a discourse. In reading a narrative text, reader attempts to build a representation of the causal structure of the text. analyzing events in terms of goals ,actions, and reactions .A resonance process serves as first stage in processing a text, and , reading objectives and details of text structure determine whatever a reader goes further searches for a coherent structure for the text.13. Construal is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation inalternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point, figure ground segregation etc.14. Construal operations are conceptualizing processes used in language process by human beings. That is, construal operations are the underlying psychological processes and resources employed in the interpretation of linguisticexpressions.15. Figure ground alignment seems to apply to space with the ground as the prepositional object and the preposition expressing the spatial relation configuration. It also applies to human perception of moving object. Since the moving object is typically the most prominent one, because it is moving, it is typically the figure, while the remaining stimuli constitute the ground.16. Trajector means a moving or dynamic figure.17. Landmark means the ground provided for a moving figure.18. Basic level category is the most economical level at which you can find the most relevant information. The information on our interactions with objects in the real world are stored at this level. It is at this level that we conjure up the gestalt of the category.19. Subordinate level is the level at which we perceive the differences between the members of the basic level categories.20. Image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structure toour experience.21. Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the others. It’s oftendescribed in terms of a target domain and a source domain. The target domain is the experience being described by the metaphor and the source domain is the means that we use in order to describe the experience.22. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another.23. Ontological metaphors mean that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc., as entities and substances.24. Structural metaphors play the most important role because they allow us to go beyond orientation and referring and give us the possibility to structure one concept according to another.25. Generic space maps onto each of the inputs. It reflects some common, usually more abstuct, structure and organization shared by the inputs. It defines the core cross space mapping between them.26. Blend space is the fourth space onto which is partially projected by inputs I1 and I2。
英语测试考试要点
英语测试考试要点第⼀章英语测试概述1.四种英语语⾔测试法：写作--翻译法（the essay-translation approach）；结构主义/⼼理测试法（the structuralist-psychometric approach）；综合测试法（the integrative approach）；交际测试法（the communicative approach）2.交际语⾔能⼒模式(communicative language ability model)--Bachman提出--建⽴在语⾔能⼒可分隔性假说（the divisibility hypothesis）之上。
模式包括三个组成部分：语⾔能⼒(language competence)，策略能⼒(strategic competence)和⼼理⽣理机制(psychophysiological mechanisms)第⼆章考试功能及其类别1.Measurement（测量）, test（考试）, evaluation（评估）2.Test functions(1) pedagogical functions：A means to ensure effective teaching；To improve teaching quality；To obtain feedback on Ss' learning progress；To validate teaching programmes(2) research functions -- a common means of measurement in research studies.3.Test categories(1) 按test purpose分: proficiency tests, achievement tests, placement tests, diagnostic tests.(2) 按test construction分: direct tests, indirect tests.(3) 按test format分: discrete-point tests, integrative tests.(4) 按scoring分: objective tests, subjectives.(5) 按score interpretation分: norm-referenced tests, criterion-referenced tests.第三章考试要素1.Maintaining or evaluating test quality(1) Reliability refers to consistency of test results.(2) V alidity is regarded as the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.(3) Authenticity is seen as the correspondence between features of test tasks and those of non-test tasks. (4) Interactiveness is viewed as the extent of involvement of Ss in completing a test task.(5) Washback means the impact that a test may exert on teaching or learning.(6) Practicality refers to the degree to which a test accommodates the practical constraints in test administration. (7) Overall usefulness2.Test validity(考试效度)：face validity--surface credibility or public acceptability；content validity--representativeness and sampling adequacy；criterion-related validity第四章考试规范的制定1.为什么需要考试规范(test specification)？--考试效度，总体设计，考试评估，考试稳定性2.The contents of test specification: test purpose, test domain, test taker, test content, test method, test tasks and item types, test organization and weighting, time duration, scoring criteria, test administration, test development chart.第五章测试评估⼿段及其功能Three broad categories of test or assessment methods：1.Selected-response assessment: true-and-false statement; matching items; multiple-choice questions2.Constructed-response assessment: fill-in items; completion item/tasks; cloze; transformation items/tasks; rearrangement items/tasks; information transfer tasks; short answer questions; essay questions3.Personal-response assessment: individual tutorials; self-and-peer assessment; portfolios第六章阅读测试1.Reading purpose: reading for survival; reading for learning; reading for pleasure.2.Reading activities: extensive reading; intensive reading; skimming; scanning.3.Reading model: bottom-up model; top-down model; interactive model.4.Reading ability--reading skills: macro skills, micro skills, grammatical and lexical knowledge.具体的: A. To identify the main idea and other salient features in a text; B. To generalise and draw conclusions; C. To understand information not explicitly stated by (a. Making inferences; b. Understanding figurative language)；D. To skim and scan (looking for the general meaning and reading for specific information)；E. To read critically；F. To adopt a flexible approach and vary reading strategies according to the type of material being read and the purpose for which it is being read.5.考试题型: recognition of words; identification; discrimination; analysis; interpretation; inference; synthesis; evaluation.第七章写作测试1.Writing ability: mechanical skills; language use; organizational skills; stylistic skills; judgement skills.2.Marking schemes: holistic/impression scoring; analytic scoring.3.Marking reliability: rater training; multiple marking; pattern marking.第⼋章听⼒测试1.Listening activities: (1) features of audiotory input: a. 信息重复率⾼; b. 会话特征明显; c. 语句结构简单. (2) hearing VS listening a. Hearing指⽆意识的听到周围的声响或信息，但这种声响或信息未经⼤脑处理，所以这种听⼒活动不⼀定有意义；b. Listening是有意义的听⼒活动。
医学英语词根词缀记忆
neonate: n, 新生儿, neonatal: adj，新生期的neo: 新neomycin, 新霉素，neoplasm, 新生物，natus: 出生, prenatal: 产前的，出生前的Gastrointestinal: 胃肠道的gastro : 胃，intesto : 肠，Gastrointestinal system:胃肠系统，或消化系统Antibody: 抗体anti-: 对抗，antigen: 抗原antibiotics: 抗生素Psychosexual: 性心理Psycho: 心理，精神，psychology: 心理学Carbohydrate: 碳水化合物Carbo: 碳carbonate: 碳酸盐hydrate: 水化物，含水物hydratase: 水和酶ase 酶，lipase：脂肪酶Auditory: adj. 听觉的audi-: 听如：audiometer: 听力计meter: 测量kinetic: 运动的kine-: 运动kinesimeter: 运动测量计akinesia：运动不能Congenital: 先天性的con- 和genitor-: 生殖，生殖器genitourinary：泌尿生殖的Defect：缺点，瑕疵de：否定，脱离，缺乏，不足degeneration：恶化fect：做infect：感染，影响Oxygenated: 含氧的，氧合的oxygen：氧气-ate：词尾，表示某种行为，状态Deoxygenate：去氧，脱氧de- 前缀，去离脱Unoxygenated：不含氧的，含氧低un-前缀，用于形容词之前，不Pulmonary：肺的pulmo-：肺pulmometer：肺量计Tachycardia: 心动过速tachy：快，迅速tachypnea：呼吸过快cardio-心脏Cardiovascular：心血管的Stenosis：狭窄steno-：狭窄stenocephaly：头狭窄，小头Hypertrophy：肥大，增生hyper：高于，超越，多于hypercardia：心肥大trophy：战利品，促，增加gonadotrophin：促性腺激素Hypotrophy：不足生长，萎hypo-：低于，少于，不足Cyanosis：发绀Acyanotic：不发绀的a-：不，没有anemia：贫血（-emia是血症）cyanotic：发绀的Hypoxia：低氧血症hypo（少）+ox（ygen）（氧气）+ia（血症）Dyspnea：呼吸困难dys-：前缀，困难dyskinesia：运动障碍pnea：气体，呼吸apnea：呼吸停止Leukemia: 白血病leuk- 同leuc-，白leucocyte：白细胞-emia-：同-hemia，血，血液Leukopenia：白细胞减少症-penia：血细胞减少thrombocytopenia：血小板减少症neutropenia：中性粒细胞减少症-neutro-：中，中间，中性neutrocyte：中性粒细胞Thrombocytopenia：血小板减少症-thrombo-：血小板，血栓thrombosis：血栓症thrombocyte：血小板-cyte：细胞erythrocyte：红细胞Infiltration: 渗透-in：向里filtrate：过滤，滤出Reticuloendothelia: 网状内皮reticulo-：网状的reticular：网状组织-endo-：内，内部endotrachea：气管内-theli-：乳头，皮瓣Chemotherapy：化疗chemo-: 化学的chemoanalysis：化学分析therapy：治疗Anesthetics：麻醉剂an-：前缀，否定的，相反的（同a-）-esthe-：感觉esthesia：感觉，感知Cystitis：膀胱炎cyst-囊，胞，膀胱cystalgia：膀胱痛-itis：炎gastritis：胃炎hemophilia 血友病hemo- 血，血液hemoglobin: 血红蛋白-phil: 亲，嗜neutrophil: 嗜中性白细胞neutron-: 中-ia: 词尾，表示—血症，petechia：淤血，淤点hemolyze: 溶血hemo-血-ly-：溶解fibrolysin: 纤维溶解素hemorrhage: 出血hemo- 血，血液-rrha-: 大量的流出diarrhea: 腹泻umbilical cord: 脐带umbil- 脐umbilectomy: 脐切除术cord 绳索，带子circumcision: 包皮环切术circum- 周围，环circumcorneal: 角膜周围（corneal 是角膜的意思）-cision 切开，切口incision：切割, 切开, 切口intracranial: adj 颅内的intra-: 内，内部intracellular: 细胞内的-cranio-: 颅的，颅骨的craniofacial: 颅面的laceration: 伤口，裂口lacer-: 撕裂lacerant：折磨人的，令人痛苦的hemarthrosis: 关节积血arthro-: 关节arthritis: 关节炎（-it is: 是炎症）-osis：词尾，疾病的状态petechia 瘀点，瘀斑peti：皮肤上的斑点impetigo：（皮肤）脓疱病-ia：词尾，血症anemia: 贫血an- 无，不，缺乏-emia：血症leukemia：白血病follow-up: 随诊，复诊immobilize: v 制动，不活动im-是前缀，同in，不，相反，没有mobile: 移动比如大家都熟悉的mobile phone: 移动电话antihemophili：抗血友病的anti- 对抗antiembolic：抗栓hemophilia 血友病degeneration 退化，变性de- 去，离，脱，除degrowth: 降低生长gene：基因，generation: 产生，发生, 生殖disability: 无能力，残疾dis-:分开，分离，否定，不disadjust：失调的able: 能，可以，ability: 能力，才干disable: 不能，disability: 残疾genetic: 遗传的gene: 基因hemolytic: 溶血性的hemo- 血，血液hemoglobin：血红蛋白-lyse-：溶解cytolysis: 细胞溶解precipitate：促成，使…陷入pre-：先于，…之前preplan：预先计划cipit：头dehydration：脱水de- 去，离，脱hydro-：水，含氢的hydrogen：氢Hematocrit：红细胞压积，红细胞比容hemato-：血液，血crit：同krites，判断Lethargy：无精打采，嗜睡les-：健忘的-argos-：懒散的Malaise：身体不适，不舒服，疲倦mal- 坏的，错误的malformation：畸形，难看-aise：同ease，悠闲，轻松，安逸Vaso-occlusion 血管堵塞vaso-：血管，输精管vasodilation：血管扩张occlusion：闭塞，阻塞Perfusion：灌注per-：通，穿透，支持，携带，向前fuse：熔化，合并，注入 infusion：灌输，输液Overheating：过热的over- 超过，高过，过分Pneumococcus：肺炎球菌pneumo-: 肺，气pneumonia：肺炎-coccus：球菌diplococcus：双球菌transfusion：输血trans-：转移transfer：转移，转让，传递fuse：合并，注入infusion：灌输，输液electrolyte：电解质electro-：电，电子的electroconvulsion：电击lyte：溶解Apnea: 无呼吸的，呼吸停止的a-：否定，相反的, 不，没有absent：缺席，不在-pnea-: 呼吸dyspnea：呼吸困难Bradycardia：心动过缓brady-：缓慢的bradypnea：呼吸过慢-cardio-：心脏cardigram：心电图Hypotonic：张力下降hypo-：少于，低于hypotension：低血压tonic：紧张的，张力的Autopsy：尸检auto-自己，自体autograft：自体移植物-opsis-：检查，看Bronchiolitis: 细支气管炎bronchio- 细支气管bronchiole: 细支气管-itis: 炎症meningitis: 脑膜炎Laryngitis: 喉炎laryngo- 喉laryngoscopy: 喉镜检查Laryngotracheobronchitis: 喉气管支气管炎-tracheo-: 气管tracheotomy: 气管切开术-broncho-: 支气管bronchitis: 气管炎Epiglottitis: 会厌炎epiglott-：会厌Syncytial: 合胞病毒的syn-: 共同，联合，相似synkinesia: 协同性运动, 辅助运动-cyto-: 细胞Hyperinflation: 过度膨胀hyper：高，过多hypertension：高血压-in-：相反的，否定的flat: 平坦的，扁的，漏气的Inspiratory: 吸气的in: 向内，进入insight：内在，见识-spirate-: 通气respiration: 呼吸Dysphagia: 吞咽困难dys- : 困难的-phago-: 吞咽，吞噬Phagocyte: 吞噬细胞Trecheostomy: 气管切开术-ostomy-: 切开术，造瘘术colostomy: 结肠造瘘术Epinephrine: 肾上腺素-epi-: 在…之上，在…之外epigastric：上腹部-nephro-: 肾脏的nephrosis: 肾病-ine: 素Corticosteroid: 皮质激素cortico-：皮，皮质corticose: 外皮的，皮层的steroid: 激素Endotracheal: 气管内的-endo-: 内，内部endocrine：内分泌Cystic 囊性的cyst-: 前缀表示“囊, 胞”之义cystectomy: 胆囊切除术Fibrosis: 纤维化，纤维变性fibr(o)- 纤维fibrocyte: 纤维细胞-cyte: 细胞-sis: --词尾，…化, …状态Dysfunction: 功能紊乱，机能不良dys: 困难dysphagia：吞咽困难Function: 功能Autosome: 常染色体，正染色体auto-自体，身体，自动-soma-: 体s omatic：肉体的Exocrine: 外分泌exo- 外部的exotoxin: 外毒素crinein: 分离Endocrine: 内分泌endo-: 内，内部endotoxin: 内毒素malabsorption: (营养）吸收不良mal-: 坏，错误，疾病malignant: 恶性的absorb: 吸收steatorrhea: 脂肪泻steato- 脂肪steatoma: 脂肪瘤-rrhea：大量流出diarrhea：腹泻expectorant：adj 化痰的，n 化痰剂ex-: 自…出来, 排出excrete: 排泄pector: 胸，胸腔mucolytics: 粘液溶解剂muco- 粘液mucoid: 粘液样的-lyte-: 溶解hemolysis: 溶血bronchodilator: 气管扩张剂broncho- 气管bronchitis: 气管炎dilate: 扩张dehydration: 脱水de- 前缀，去、脱hydro- 水，氢Prodromal ：前驱的,有前驱症状的pro：居前，领先proenzyme：酶原dromos：跑，进行maculopapular：斑丘疹macule：斑疹papule：丘疹Centripetal: 向心的centro-：中心Antihistamine: 抗组胺药anti-：对抗antibody：抗体-histo-：组织histocyte：组织细胞-amine：胺Globulin：球蛋白globule：球，-in：素，酶，蛋白encephalitis：脑炎-encepho-：脑encephalopathy：脑病-itis：炎Paramyxovirus：副粘病毒para-: 副，旁，侧面parablast：副胚层-myxo-：粘，粘液myxocyte：粘液细胞virus：病毒Parotitis：腮腺炎，腮腺肿大Paroti-：腮腺，耳旁的parotin：腮腺激素Submaxillary：下颌的sub：下，亚，次subcutenous：皮下-maxill-: 颌Orchitis：睾丸炎-orcho-：睾丸orchotomy：睾丸切开术Epididymo-orchitis：附睾炎epididymo-：附睾teratogenic：产生畸形的-terato-：畸形teratosis：畸胎，怪胎Hydrogen peroxiede：过氧化氢，双氧水hydrogen：氢per-：携带，支持-oxide：氧化物dioxide：二氧化物Desquamation：脱皮，脱屑de-：去，脱，离squama：鳞片Arthralgia：关节痛-arthro-：关节arthritis：关节炎-gia：疼痛neuralgia：神经痛vasculitis：脉管炎，血管炎-vascul-：血管Hyperthermia：高热-thermo-：体温，热度thermometer：体温计Unremitting：不间断的un-：前缀，没有，不remit：宽恕，赦免Lymphadenopathy：淋巴腺疾病-lymph-：淋巴-adeno-：腺体adenoma：腺瘤Erythematous：红斑的-erythro-：红，红色Erythromycin：红霉素-ma：斑，瘤myoma：肌瘤Febrile：热性的febri-：发烧febricide：退热剂Conjunctivitis：结膜炎conjunctiva：结膜Oropharyngeal：口咽的-oro-：口Oral：口头的-pharyngo-：咽 Pharyngitis：咽炎Mucocutaneous：粘膜皮肤的-muco-：粘膜mucosa：黏膜-cutaneo-：皮肤subcutaneous：皮下的医学英语词根词缀记忆10Rheumatic: 风湿性的rheumato-:风湿rheumatoid: 类风湿的rheumatic fever: 风湿热Autoimmune: 自身免疫的auto-: 自身，自体autoantibody：自身抗体immune：免疫immune globulin：免疫球蛋白Streptococcus: 链球菌strepto-：链状的streptolysin: 链球菌溶血素streptomycin：链霉素-coccus: 球菌diplococcus:双球菌Peumococcus：肺炎双球菌Carditis: 心脏炎，心肌炎cardio-:心脏cardiovascular：心血管的myocardial：心肌的-itis：炎myocarditis：心肌炎Polyarthritis:多发性关节炎poly-: 多，多个，多种polycyte: 多型核细胞polyphagia：多食-arthro-: 关节arthrology: 关节学Erythema:红斑erythe: 红，红色erythromycin: 红霉素-ma: 肿物，斑myoma：肌瘤Subcutaneous: 皮下的Sub-: 在下；低于，次于，副，次Subadult:接近成年的人-cutan-: 皮肤percutaneous：经皮的ROM: Range Of Motion 环绕关节地运动，全关节运动Prophylactic:预防疾病的；预防性的pro-：在…之前-phylax-: 保卫phylaxin：抵抗素Glomerulonephritis:肾小球肾炎glomerulus ：肾小球glomerulitis：肾小球炎glomerulopathy：肾小球病-nephro-：肾nephrocyte：肾原细胞nephrotoxicity: 肾毒性Bilateral：双侧的，有两面的bi-：两，双bipolar：双极的，两极的lateral：侧边unilateral：单侧的Noninfectious：非传染的non-：非，不，无nonabsorbable：不能被吸收的infectious：传染性的Streptococcus：链球菌strepto-：链状streptomycin：链霉素-coccus: 球菌diplococcus：双球菌Hypertension：高血压hyper：高于，多于h yperthermia：高温，发热tension：压力，张力Antihypertensive：抗高血压药anti：抗，对抗antibiotics：抗生素Retention：保留，储留Hematuria: 血尿Hemato-：血hematogenous：血源性的-uria：尿oliguria：少尿Integrity：完整，完全Specific gravity：比重Recurrence：复发，重现re-：再次retake：重摄reread：再读rewrite：再写-cur-：发生occur：发生，出现 concur:同时发生（con：共同）Otitis media: 中耳炎Otitis: 耳炎-oto-: 耳otophone: 助听器otolith：耳石-itis：炎Meningitis: 脑膜炎-meningo-: 脑膜meningocele: 脑膜膨出meningioma：脑（脊）膜瘤Eradicate: 根治，根除e-: 免，除去erase：抹去，擦掉-radic-: 根polyradiculitis：多神经根炎Decongestant:解充血药de-：去除，剥夺，脱离dehydration：脱水congest: 充血，充塞congestive heart failure：充血性心力衰竭-ant：药，剂absorbant：吸收剂Analgesic: 止痛的；镇痛剂an- : 无，没有，缺乏anacid：酸缺乏，无酸的anemia：贫血-algea-: 同algia，痛苦，感到痛苦neuralgia：神经痛Antipyretic:退热药anti-：抗antacid：抗酸剂antibacterial：抗菌的-pyreto-: 热pyretology: 热病学Myringotomy:鼓膜切开术-myringo-: 鼓膜myringitis: 鼓膜炎-otomy：切开术atriotomy：心房切开术Photophobia: 畏光-photo-: 光，相片phobia: 恐惧症acrophobia：恐高症basophobia：步行恐惧症Opisthotonos：角弓反张opistho-：后，体后 opisthion：颅后点，枕骨tonic：紧张，强直Multisystem：多系统的multi-：多，多种，多个 multiple：多样的，多重的Encephalopathy：脑病encephal-：脑encephalitis：脑炎-pathy：疾病neuropathy：神经病nephropathy：肾病持续更新，所需资料请私信，必尽最大努力尽快提供。
最全Abnormal.Psychology-3
Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Assessing Psychological Disorders
Objective Tests Test stimuli are minimally ambiguous Roots in empirical tradition Require minimal inference in scoring and interpretation Objective Personality Tests Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, MMPI2, MMPI-A) Over 549 true or false items Extensive reliability, validity, and normative database Objective Intelligence Tests Nature of intellectual functioning and IQ The deviation IQ Verbal and performance domains
Reliability Consistency in measurement Examples include test-retest, inter-rater reliability Validity What the test measures and how well it does so Examples include content, concurrent, discriminant, construct, and face validity Standardization and Norms Foster consistent use of techniques Provide population benchmarks for comparison Examples include administration procedures, scoring, and evalology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
what is psycholinguistics
Its development
Nowadays
1960s and early 1970s
Chomsky
转换-生成语法（Transformational-generative grammar，简称TG）
是美国语言学家乔姆斯基（Chomsky)提出的一个描述语法的一个术语，他在1957年所写的《语法结构》 的出版是转换-生成语法诞生的标志。简单的说，转换-生成语法理论研究的是人类为什么会说话以及如 何了解新的句子，是关于语言能力的理论。 • 性质 生成语法学不是一般人所理解的语法学。其研究对象是内在性语言，而不是一般语言学家所 研究的外表化语言。外表化的语言指言语行为，说出来的话，音义结合的词句等；内在性的语言指 人脑对语法结构的认识，以心理形式体现。
Psycholinguistics = psychology+linguistics Psychology :cognitive psychology（认知心理学） Linguistics: structural linguistics (结构主义语言学） It is also closely related to a set of other disciplines, such as anthropology, or the neurosciences.
₊ Most problems in psycholinguistics are more concrete. ₊ An important focus of psycholinguistics is the largely unconscious application of grammatical rules that enable people to produce and comprehend intelligible sentences . ₊ Psycholinguists investigate the relationship between language and thought. ₊ Psycholinguistics is also concerned with how languages are learned, and the role they play in thinking.
(完整word)牛津心理学专业英语基础翻译
第7页起源和历史·行为主义的研究方法受经验主义和自然科学的影响.其中，经验主义强调人类出生时犹如一块白纸或白板，所以知识是通过感觉通道从环境中获得的，自然科学则强调研究方法的科学性和客观性。
·1913年，华生写了一篇名为《行为主义者心目中的心理学》的文章，从此他引发了行为主义的浪潮，这篇文章中也表明了行为主义的主要原理和假设。
华生、桑代克、斯金纳等行为主义学家根据早年巴甫洛夫的工作而开始发展学习理论，比如：经典和操作条件反射，他们试图用学习理论从本质上解释所有行为。
·行为主义研究方法一直主导着实验心理学，直到20世界初50世界末。
动物行为学家和认知心理学家开始越来越多地批判它的假设和研究方法,为了提供更加真实的关于学习是如何发生的解释，行为主义被一些心理学家改变，rubies班杜拉和他的社会学习理论.华生：给我一打健康的婴儿，让我在我的特殊世界中教养，那么我可担保，在这十几个婴儿之中随机拿出一个都可以训练他成为任何一种我所选类型的专家。
可以是医生、律师、甚至也可以是一个乞丐或小偷。
理论假设行为主义者认为：·多数行为是后天从环境中习得的，行为主义者在天性还是教育的辩论中选择了教育一方，他们还认为:a.心理学应该区分学习的规律和结果；b.行为是由环境决定的，因为我们只不过是我们过去所有学习经验的整合，而自由意志则是幻觉(错误的）·心理学如果要成为一门客观性科学,就应该只研究可观察到的行为，而不是意识；因为我们是无法看清他人意识的；并且如果我们去询问他人的想法，他们就可能说谎，或者不知道，或者甚至出错。
调查研究方法行为主义者采用的是一种完全研究一般规律的方法，他们用严谨的实验室实验，并且通常是训练像老鼠、鸽子这样的动物.行为主义者训练动物是由于他们相信：1、学习的规律是有普遍性的2、人和动物之间只有一定数量的不同而已3、训练动物会更加方便，也是很实用且合乎道德的阐释内容行为主义者的这些有关学习规律的发现可以有力地应用在解释行为的许多方面上,比如:·语言获得，eg：斯金纳的理论·道德发展，eg:条件控制下关于愧疚和良心的情绪反应·吸引力，eg：Byrne&clor的强化影响模型·变态,eg:恐怖症的经典条件反射及其治疗还有攻击行为、偏见、性别角色鉴定等具体应用行为主义学习理论的研究方法已经出教育中的实践应用（比如，程式化学习）和那些痛苦的行为障碍的治疗(比如，针对恐怖症的系统脱敏、自闭症的行为塑造以及被收容的病人的代币制度）·操作条件反射原理被应用于训练动物以完场任务,他们训练了有马戏团动物还有导向犬.·华生将行为主义理论同时应用于抚养儿童以及广告业,于此同时斯金纳则在他的书中提出了许多关于社会中大范围的行为塑造的建议，比如《超越自由与尊严》和《沃尔登第二》。
英语教学和测试Language Testing
Wei Beibei
Language Testing
I. Introduction to language testing II. Stages of test construction III. Testing language skills and elements IV. Common testing techniques V. Interpreting test scores VI. Achieving beneficial backwash
The essay-translation approach
This approach is commonly referred to as the pre-scientific stage of language testing. No special skill or expertise in testing is required: the subjective judgment of the teacher is considered to be of paramount importance. Tests usually consist of essay writing, translation, and grammatical analysis. The tests also have a heavy literary and cultural bias.
综合法的特点
① 强调语言测试要在上下文中进行； ② 不在测试中刻意追求区别各个单项语言技
能，而是强调两项或以上语言技能的综合 评估，题型包括填空、听写、翻译、写作 等，从整体上对学生的语言能力进行测量。
The communicative approach
发展心理学专业名词英汉互译收集(从课本上收集的)
发展心理学专业名词英汉互译收集Information processing 信息加工cognition 认知pnowing 认识personality 人格、个性behavior 外部行为life-span 生命全过程act 动作activity 活动comparative psychology 比较心理学socialization 社会化socialization process 社会化过程life-span developmental psychology 毕生发展心理学human development 人类发展life-span human development 个体生命全程发展；人类毕生发展developmental psycholinguistics 发展心理语言学developmental psychobiology 发展心理生物学the ecological move-ment 生态化运动CAI 计算机辅助教学CAL 计算机辅助学习theory of mind 心理理论socio-moral reflection 社会道德反思the three-stratum therory of intelligence智力的三层级理论Multiple intelligence多元智力Naturalictic intelligence自然主义者智力Successful intelligence 成功智力Experiential intelligence经验智力Neural intelligence神经智力Reflective intelligence反应智力The bio-ecological theory生态理论Emotional intelligence情绪智力Psychoanalysis 精神分析Consciousness 意识unconsciousness 无意识id 本我ego 自我superego 超我libido 力比多primary process thinking 初级过度思维secondary process thinking 二级过度思维Oedipus complex 俄底普斯情结（即恋母情结）adaptation适应equilibrium平衡assimilation同化accommodation顺应scheme图式Structuralism 结构主义Consturctivisim 建构主义Transformation 转换性Synchronic 共时性Diachronic 历时性Dualism 二元论Relativism 相对论Commitment 约定性Cross-sectional design 横断研究设计Longitudinal design 纵向研究设计Cross-sequential design 聚合交叉设计MicroGenetic design 微观发生学设计Cohort effect 代群效应Electroencephalography 简称EEG 脑电图Event related potentials 简称ERP 事件相关电位Magnetic resonance imaging 简称MRI 磁共振成像Functional resonance imaging 简称fMRI 功能性磁共振成像Psychophysiological interactions 简称PPIs 身心交互检验Dynamic causal modeling 简称DCM 动态因果模型Structural equation model 简称SEM 结构方程模型Granger causality 格兰杰因果检验Positron emission tomography 简称PET 正电子放射断层扫描Transcranial magnetic stimulation 简称TMS 经颅磁刺激Grounded theory 扎根理论Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 简称ADHD 缺损多动障碍Fetal growth restriction 简称FGR 胎儿生长受限Fetal growth retardation 胎儿宫内发育迟缓GDM 妊娠糖尿病ICP 妊娠期内肝内胆汁淤积症CG 血清肝胆酸HCMV 人类巨细胞病毒MG 重症肌无力VIR 视觉诱发（够物）行为VGR 视觉指导（够物）行为Visual scanning 扫视Joint attention 共同注意Familiarization 熟识Problem solving 问题解决Verbal modeling 言语模式Prelinguistic stage 言语阶段Proro-imperacves 原始祈使Proro-declaratives 原始陈述Ritualization of previously instrumental gestures 工具性姿态的仪式化The prototype theory 原型理论Overgeneralization 过度规则化或规则扩大化Goodness-model 拟合优度模式Social referencing 社会性参照Self-recognition 自我认知Self –regulation 自我调节Self-monitoring 自我监控Self-evaluation 自我评价Self-esteem 自尊Self-consciousciousness 自我意识Mother stage “妈妈”阶段Playmate stage “同伴”阶段Action following mirror-image stage “伴随行动”阶段Play therapy 游戏疗法Gender identity 性别认同Sex-role identity 性别角色认同Sensory integration dysfunction 感觉综合失调Diffusion 统一性扩散Foreclosure 同一性早期封闭Moretorium 同一性延缓Achievement 同一性完成Psychosocial problems in adolescence 青少年的心理社会问题Internet addiction disorder 简称IAD 网络成瘾Acquisitive stage 知识获取阶段Achieving stage 实现阶段responsibility stage 责任阶段reintegrative stage 重新组合阶段post-formal operation 终止时后形式思维reflective judgement 反省判断dialectical thinking 辩证思维dualism 二元论阶段relativism 相对性阶段commitment 约定性阶段sdult contexted model 成人背景模式regression 倒退disequilibrium 失衡rigidification 固化disorgination 整合失败secure 安全型preoccupied 专注型fearful 恐惧型dismissing 冷漠型intimacy 亲密成分passion 激情成分decision/commitment 决定或承诺成分dual-process model 双重过程模型congnitive mechanics 认知机械成分congnitive pragrmatics 认知实用成分cohort effect 群伙效应implicity theory 内隐理论ill-structured problem 结构不良问题equilibrium 平衡relativistic postformal operation 相对后形式运算self reference 自我参照de-contextualized 去情境化的reflective cognition 反省认知wisdom 智慧reflective processes 反省过程think aloud 出声思维expertise 专长declarative knowledge 陈述性知识procedural knowledge 程序性知识primary control 初级控制secondary control 次级控制veridicality 真实性neuroticism 神经质family life cycle 家庭生命周期life events 生活事件occupational career 个体职业生涯vocational maturity or career maturity 职业成熟性absolute degree 职业成熟的绝对度job satisfaction 工作满意感job burn-out 职业倦怠senility 衰老genetic program theory 遗传程序理论processing speed theory 加工速度理论working memory 工作记忆postformal thought 后形式思维subjective well-being 主观幸福感SES 自尊量表UCLA 孤独量表MUNSH 幸福感量表WHO 世界卫生组织。
Psycholinguistics
garden path sentence
The complex houses married and single students and their families. Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. Would you hit a woman with a baby? No I'd hit her with a brick. The old man the boat. The cotton clothing is usually made of grows in Mississippi. Fat people eat accumulates.
Phonology: how to pronounce words Syntax: how to construct grammatical sentences Semantics: meanings of sentences and words. Pragmatics: how to communicate properly It is not ordinarily productive to ask people explicitly what they know about these aspects of language. We infer linguistic knowledge from observable behavior.
The “process” question
What cognitive processes are involved in the ordinary use of language?
– “ordinary use of language”: e.g. understanding a lecture, reading a book, writing a letter, and holding a conversation, etc. – “cognitive processes”: processes like perception, memory and thinking.
思辨精神的英语作文
思辨精神：照亮认知之路的明灯In the realm of intellectual exploration, the spirit of critical thinking stands as a beacon, guiding us through the maze of knowledge and information. It is the enginethat drives us to question, to challenge, and to seek deeper understanding. In this age of rapid technological advancement and information overload, the significance of critical thinking cannot be overstated.Critical thinking is the process of actively and systematically analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information to form well-reasoned judgments and make informed decisions. It involves a willingness to question assumptions, challenge权威, and seek truth throughrigorous intellectual engagement. This process is not just about acquiring knowledge, but also about developing the ability to think independently and critically.One of the fundamental principles of critical thinking is the pursuit of truth. This pursuit demands a rigorous examination of evidence and arguments, a willingness to accept or reject ideas based on logic and reason, rather than on personal preferences or societal pressures.Critical thinkers are constantly on the lookout for biases, fallacies, and distortions in information, and they strive to correct these errors through critical analysis.Critical thinking also involves a commitment tofairness and objectivity. In analyzing and evaluating information, critical thinkers strive to be fair to all perspectives and to avoid favoring one side over another. They recognize that truth is often multi-faceted and that different perspectives can offer valuable insights. By approaching information with an open mind, criticalthinkers are able to form more comprehensive and well-rounded understandings.In addition to truth-seeking and objectivity, critical thinking requires a willingness to embrace uncertainty and ambiguity. In the realm of knowledge and information, there are often gaps and unknowns. Critical thinkers are comfortable with this uncertainty and are willing to explore and experiment, rather than clinging to rigid beliefs or assumptions. This openness to uncertaintyfosters creativity and innovation, as it encourages us to think outside the box and consider new possibilities.The importance of critical thinking is further underscored by the challenges we face in today's world. With the rise of misinformation and fake news, it iscrucial that we are able to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information. Critical thinking skills enable us to sift through the noise and identify the truth, protecting us from the harmful consequences of misinformation.Moreover, critical thinking is essential for addressing complex problems and making informed decisions. In fields like science, medicine, and policy-making, the stakes are high and decisions must be based on sound evidence and rigorous analysis. Critical thinking skills help us to evaluate the quality of evidence, identify the strengths and weaknesses of arguments, and make well-informed decisions that benefit society.In conclusion, the spirit of critical thinking is a critical component of intellectual life. It is the lampthat guides us through the darkness of ignorance and misinformation, illuminating the path to truth and understanding. As we navigate the complexities of themodern world, it is more important than ever that we cultivate and cherish this spirit of inquiry and skepticism, allowing it to guide us towards a more enlightened and knowledgeable future.**思辨精神：照亮认知之路的明灯**在知识的探索领域中，思辨精神犹如一盏明灯，引领我们穿越信息与知识的迷宫。
学校的课程英语作文
The school curriculum is a carefully designed plan that aims to provide students with a comprehensive and wellrounded education.Heres a detailed look at the various components that make up a typical school curriculum:1.Core Subjects:At the heart of the curriculum are the core subjects,which include Mathematics,English Language,and Science.These subjects form the foundation of a students education and are considered essential for cognitive development and critical thinking skills.2.Humanities:The humanities curriculum includes subjects like History,Geography,and Social Studies.These subjects help students understand the world around them, appreciate different cultures,and develop empathy and global awareness.nguages:Learning a second language is often a part of the curriculum.This could bea modern language such as French,Spanish,or Mandarin,or a classical language like Latin or nguage learning enhances communication skills and cognitive abilities.4.Physical Education:Physical education is an integral part of the curriculum that focuses on developing physical fitness,team spirit,and healthy habits.It includes various sports activities and games.5.Arts:The arts curriculum includes subjects like Music,Visual Arts,Drama,and Dance. These subjects encourage creativity,selfexpression,and an appreciation for the arts.6.Technology and Computer Science:In the modern world,technology and computer science are becoming increasingly important.The curriculum includes computer literacy, coding,and digital media skills to prepare students for the digital age.7.Electives:Many schools offer a range of elective subjects that students can choose based on their interests.These can include subjects like Psychology,Philosophy, Economics,or Environmental Science.8.ProjectBased Learning:Some curriculums incorporate projectbased learning where students work on realworld problems and projects.This approach helps students develop problemsolving skills and apply their knowledge in practical situations.9.Assessment and Evaluation:The curriculum is designed with a system of assessment and evaluation to measure student progress.This can include exams,quizzes,projects, and presentations.10.Extracurricular Activities:While not part of the formal curriculum,extracurricular activities are an important aspect of school life.They provide opportunities for students to explore their interests outside of the classroom and develop leadership and teamwork skills.11.Cultural and Community Engagement:Many schools also include cultural and community engagement as part of their curriculum.This can involve field trips, community service,and cultural exchange programs.12.Personal Development:Personal development is often woven into the curriculum through subjects like Health Education,Ethics,and Life Skills.These subjects aim to help students develop a strong sense of self,emotional intelligence,and social skills.The school curriculum is designed to be flexible and adaptable to meet the diverse needs of students.It is regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that it remains relevant and effective in preparing students for their future.。
自证预言一元思辨类英语作文
自证预言一元思辨类英语作文Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: A Monological Dialectic.The self-fulfilling prophecy, an intriguing phenomenon in the social sciences, posits that beliefs, expectations, and preconceptions can shape reality and bring about the anticipated outcomes. This monological dialectic explores the intricate interplay between individual perceptions, social interactions, and the ultimate manifestation of events.At the outset, it is imperative to recognize that beliefs are not mere ephemeral thoughts; they are powerful cognitive anchors that influence how humans perceive and interact with the world around them. When individuals hold certain beliefs about themselves, others, or their circumstances, these beliefs act as filters through which they interpret their experiences. For instance, if an individual believes that they are destined for success, they may approach challenges with greater confidence andoptimism, thereby increasing the likelihood of achieving their goals. Conversely, if an individual believes that they are inherently incapable, they may develop a pessimistic mindset that hinders their progress.The social environment plays a pivotal role in shaping and reinforcing beliefs. Through interactions with others, individuals absorb prevailing norms, values, and expectations. These societal influences can either validate or challenge existing beliefs, leading to their strengthening or modification. For example, if a group of peers constantly affirms an individual's abilities, the individual's self-belief may grow over time. However, if the same peers express doubt and skepticism, theindividual's confidence may dwindle.The self-fulfilling prophecy becomes a reality when beliefs translate into tangible actions. Motivated by their beliefs, individuals engage in behaviors that align with their expectations. If they believe they are capable, they may undertake ambitious endeavors and persevere in the face of obstacles. If they believe they are limited, they mayshy away from challenges and resign themselves to mediocrity. In this way, beliefs become self-reinforcing, creating a feedback loop that perpetuates the anticipated outcomes.The implications of self-fulfilling prophecies are profound. They demonstrate the power of human perception and the potential for both positive and negative outcomes. On the one hand, self-fulfilling prophecies can fuel progress, innovation, and personal growth. When individuals believe in their abilities, they may achieve remarkable feats that would have otherwise seemed impossible. On the other hand, self-fulfilling prophecies can also perpetuate inequality, discrimination, and social ills. If marginalized groups are subjected to persistent messages of inferiority, they may internalize these beliefs and limit their own opportunities.Recognizing the influence of self-fulfilling prophecies is crucial for fostering positive change. Educators, policymakers, and social activists must challenge harmful stereotypes and cultivate environments that nurture self-belief and empower individuals to fulfill their potential. By promoting a growth mindset and encouraging individuals to challenge their limiting beliefs, we can mitigate the negative effects of self-fulfilling prophecies and create a more just and equitable society.In conclusion, the self-fulfilling prophecy is a powerful force that shapes our experiences and influences the course of our lives. By understanding the interplay between beliefs, expectations, and actions, we can harness the power of positive self-fulfilling prophecies to achieve our goals and create a more fulfilling future.。
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Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 3, 24-27Published Online September 2015 in SciRes. /journal/jss /10.4236/jss.2015.39004How to cite this paper: Zhang, S., Yada, Y., T s uda, A.（2015） An Integrative Psychophysiological Study of Cognitive Function in Active Elderly : Rationale, Methods and Initial Results. Open Journal of Social Sciences ，3，24-27/10.4236/jss.2015.39004An Integrative Psycho physiological Study of Cognitive Function in Active Elderly ： Ra-tionale, Methods and Initial ResultsShuzhen Zhang 1*，Yukihiro Yada 2，Akira T s uda 31Kurume University, Graduate School of Psychology, Kurume, Japan;2University of Tsukuba, School of Integrative and Global Majors , Tsukuba, Japan; 3Kurume University, Department of Psychology, Kurume, Japan Email:ding791017@Received July 2015Copyright © 2015 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). /licenses/by/4.0/AbstractOne of the critical issues is that Japan is well known for the world’s highest proportion of elderly people, a super-aged society, and is currently confronting with preventing physical and psycho-logical disability in elderly. In order to reduce the potential risk, we wish the guidance will be suggested to help active elderly around 65 year old have healthy daily and quality of life.KeywordsActive Elderly; Cognitive Function; Perceived Health; QOL; Integrative Psychophysiological Study1. IntroductionRecently, Japan is facing the problems with the low birthrate and aging population. In 2014, people aged 65 years or older accounted for 25.1% of Japanese entire population. This number will increase steadily, and the elderly are expected to account for 33.4% of the coun try’s total population [1].As a result, the medical e x-penses for the elderly keep on increasing year by year. As the same time, we are also facing the problems such as the closedown of the medical institution and the collapse of the public pension system.Government shows the guidance for health promotion and health maintenance. Lots of measures have been carried to promote the health food, support the elderly facilities for health maintenance, develop the health food with private companies such as health food makers, and develop health support programs in medical facilities.2. AimThe aim of this study is not only to reduce the health risk which will be hardly with aging in the future, but also to propose the general support program of the living evaluation which is necessary to improve the sub-jective health of the young-old persons according to the analysis of mental stress, activities of daily living and physical function (central function-autonomic nervous function- Periphery - somatic sensation) in the healthy young-old (active elderly). Furthermore, we wish that the health evaluation support programs with global viewpoint will be introduced to countries of East Asia such as china, Indonesia.3. SignificanceWhen looking at the living conditions or physical functions of the elderly persons, there are differences by not only age, sex, but also the living environment, family constitution, the relation with the communities, lifestyle and the illness [2]. Especially, in middle-old aged persons, there are large differences in mental and physical state. Therefore, it’s necessary to prov ide mental and physical care for everyone. However, now, it’s hard to be realized. Though, Japan has tried to cope with the aged society arrived by lots of measures, there are few concrete preparations for the arrival of the super-aged society. So, it seems that the early healthy supports for the young-old persons (born in 1955-1957) become more and more important in the fu-ture.The young-old persons called activity elderly by medias are highly concerned with lots of hobbies or trips. There are many people who are active in self-management of health or enlightenment [3] [4]. The supports for both body and mind of activity elderly will improve the subjective health of each person. It also will be a powerful measure to deal with the super-aged society not far.By the way, subjective health of elderly persons is related with life satisfaction or happiness [5]. It’s us e-ful as a substitute for medical health index [6]. In other words, it’s an important problem to raise the subje c-tive heath of elderly persons in the elderly persons’ health promotion.On the other hand, it’s well known that the declin e in cognitive function or physical/mental function will arise with aging [7]. As a drop of the physical ability, the reduction in strength of knees or elbow’s bend is d ue to the drop of the muscle mass of leg’s skeletal muscles. Furthermore, general functions and sensuous coordination will fall caused by the drop of mental or cognitive function, such as thought, judgment, mem o-ry, incentive, emotion and so on. As a result, with walking motion (walking speed, walking ratio; decrease in step size, expansion of walking interval) disturbed, it’s may cause a fall by the drop of the walking attention [8] [9]. So, if we want to make clear the relationship between physical state and mental state of elderly per-sons, we must to analyze the data by using physiological and psychological indexes.4. The hypothesis of studyFrom the researches of cognitive function, it’s suggested that the drop of the walking speed and grip is an index to judge the decline in cognitive function. So, it’s can be thought about that the relation s of mental and cognitive function are so important to keep up the physical functions. It’s necessary for us to analyze the r e-lationship between physical abilities and the drop of mental or cognitive function from physiological and psychological viewpoint.5. Study project5.1. SubjectHealthy active seniors living in Fukuoka or nearby the joint research institutes.5.2. Summary of evaluationEvaluate mental and physical state or function by physiologic and psychological index generally.5.2.1. Evaluation indexes∙ Physiological evaluation indexes1) Autonomic nerve activity: analyze the heartbeat change with electrocardiogram; analyze the blood pressure variation with blood pressure measurement; analyze the miosis rate by the pupil-to-light meter.2) Cerebral activity: analyze the brain function based on the measurement of the brain blood flow with far-red light; analyze the cognitive function with the brain executive function meter; analyze the fatigue of the cerebrum with flicker meter.3) Walking motion: analyze the continuous walking with the sheet type walk analyzer.4) Centroid oscillation: analyze the general date though standing, sitting and continuous action with sitting stabilometer.5) Immune response: analyze the anti-stress hormone of saliva (cortisol, HMEC, chromogranin A, etc.) 6) General function: analyze the sleeping station with sheet type sleep determining apparatus. ∙ Psychological evaluation indexes1) Questionnaire: analyze the subjective well-being (positive feeling) and mental fatigue (negative feeling) with SUBI (The Subjective Well-being Inventory); analyze the degree of mental health and neurological symp-tom with GHQ (World health organization, The General Health Questionnaire); analyze subjective stress awareness with SCL30 (stress check list 30); analyze the Independence degree of living activities with ADL (Activities of Daily Living); analyze the state and transformation of quality of living with SF36 (health-related QOL scale).2) Test: analyze the attention of elderly by TMT-A (Trail Making Test part A); measure brain age and brain stress by Brain Age Meter-ATMT (measure reaction time by touching continuous numbers).5.3. Study schedule∙ 2015.4-2016.31) Before the examination in elderly people, this study target at students and teachers of Kurume University with agreement. To improve the technical skills with the physiological and psychological evaluation index of the above and to verify the items timely.2) Make measurements or examinations for elderly people at elderly facilities or home about the items every 3-4 months (Four times a year and two years continuously). ∙ 2016.4-2017.31) Analyze the relationship between psychological evaluation indexes such as the subjective health, stress awareness of the subjects and physiological evaluation indexes such as walking motion or cognitive function. (One year later)2) Carry out various kinds of interventions (bathing, sleep, hyperthermia, light incontinence pad, walk instruction, fragrance) in elderly people with agreement and verify the effect. ∙ 2017.4-2018.35) Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness basic the date of psychological and physiological evaluation index-es with using one-way analysis of variance, multivariate analysis and logistic analysis.6) Summarize and consider the result of study from the second year, and post it to the associated society.5.4. Initial results∙ We had a pre-examination in April 2015. The following instruments were used for data collection. Apparatus: Brain Age Mete-ATMT; Questionnaires of reacted-QOL: Instrumental ADL; SF-8™; Mini -Mental State Examination (MMSE); GDS5 (Geriatric Depression Scale 5); Forgetfulness questionnaire; Sleep state (hours of sleep, times of nocturnal awakening, subjective sleep state).The subjects consisted of 14 male and 34 female elderly with an average age of 80.9 (range: 65~93). The average brain age by using ATMT was 74.7.MMSE score was good (cut-off point: 23/24).The IADL score and SF-8 summary score were higher than national standard or the average of precedent study. The score of depressive symptom or forgetfulness was fine.Table 1. Characteristics of Subjects6. ConclusionIn the near future, the super-aged society will come in global volume. By the study, we hope to suggest the evaluation technologies or support programs which will be widely utilized as the elderly evaluation system with global view.References[1]http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2015/zenbun/27pdf_index.html. 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