Theblindmenandtheelephant2
八六版高中英语课文全集
八六版高中英语课文第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT 盲人和象LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 亚伯拉罕·林肯LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城LESSON 11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP在服装店（选自《百万英镑》）LESSON 12 POLLUTION污染LESSON 13 THE FOOTPRINT脚印（选自《鲁滨逊漂流记》）LESSON 14 WATCHING ANTS观蚁LESSON 15 NAPOLEON'S THREE QUESTIONS拿破仑的三个问题LESSON 16 CONTINENTS AND OCEANS大陆和海洋LESSON 17 THE STORY OF WILLIAM TELL 威廉·泰尔的故事LESSON 18 A LITTLE HERO小英雄阅读：Merry Christmas圣诞快乐1. HOW TO USE AN ENGLISH DICTIONARY2. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND3. THAT CRAZY TOWER IN PISA4. THE BEST ADVICE I EVER HAD5. THE FIRST TELEVISION6.THE BOYS BUILD A BRIDGELESSON 1 PORTRAIT OF A TEACHER一位教师的写照LESSON 2 THE TALLEST GRASS最高的草LESSON 3 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR所有这一切都是要偿还的（选自《双城记》）LESSON 4 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR(Continued)所有这一切都是要偿还的（续）LESSON 5 WINTER SLEEP冬眠LESSON 6 ALBERT EINSTEIN阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦LESSON 7 ALBERT EINSTEIN(Continued)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（续）LESSON 8 THE PROFESSOR AND HIS INVENTION教授和他的发明LESSON 9 SPORTS AND GAMES体育运动LESSON 10 THE LAST LESSON最后一课LESSON 11 THE LAST LESSON(Continued)最后一课（续）LESSON 12 WALKING IN SPACE太空行走LESSON 13 MADAME CURIE AND RADIUM居里夫人和镭LESSON 14 THE GIFTS礼物LESSON 15 THE GIFTS(Continued)礼物（续）LESSON 16 ADVENTURE ON HIGHWAY 6666号公路历险记VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. THE LAST LEAF2. ESCAPE FROM THE ZOO3. ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERRY MEN4. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH5. A THIRSTY WORLD6. HOW THE BODY CELLS LIVELESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE毅力LESSON 2 A GERMAN STAMP一张德国邮票LESSON 3 ON READING谈读书LESSON 4 THREE GOLD MEDALS FOR WILMA威尔玛的三枚金牌LESSON 5 THE SNAKE IN THE SLEEPING BAG睡袋里的蛇LESSON 6 MY TEACHER我的老师（选自海伦·凯勒《我的一生》）LESSON 7 THE TRIAL审判（选自《威尼斯商人》）LESSON 8 CHARLES DARWIN查尔斯·达尔文LESSON 9 THE LANGUAGE OF THE BEES蜜蜂的语言LESSON 10 THE SIXTH DIAMOND 第六颗钻石LESSON 11 A SPEECH BY NORMAN BETHUNE诺尔曼·白求恩的演讲LESSON 12 FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH绝处逢生VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. FACE TO FACE WITH DANGER2. PAPER AND ITS USES3. STICK-UP4. THE EARTHWORM5. A GIFT FOR MOTHER'S DAY6. MYSTERIES OF MIGRATION7. SING FOR ME8. THE DOG THAT SET ME FREE9. TWO POEMS1、HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGESKarl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was bale to write the book in English.In the 1870's, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when a person is learning a foreign language; he must not always be translating everything into his own language. If he does this, it shows he has not mastered it. He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. If he can not do this, he has not really grasped the spirit of the foreign language and can not use it freely.2、AT HOME IN THE FUTUREA medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home?These ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning.""Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie."Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the vision phones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the vision phone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you?"Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles."In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the screen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models?""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time?""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The vision phone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.2-1、A VISIT TO THE LIBRARY IN THE FUTUREThe shopping is finished. Charlie's parents tell him they have to go out for a little while. "Why don't you visit the library while we're out?" says Charlie's dad. "I know they have some new books on basket-ball, your favourite game."Charlie goes to one of the visionphones. He places a call to the library. He asks to see one of the new books on basket-ball.Basket-ball Giant, the name of the book, is flashed on the screen. "Turn," says Charlie. The first page of the book is shown on the screen. Then the second, and the third. Charlie has read about fifty pages of it. Then he hears his mother's voice coming through a speaker on the wall. Charlie turns off the visionphone. He says hello to his mother."Where are you?" he adds."We're driving on the freeway," Mrs Green says. "This is taking a little more time than we thought. We won't be back until two o'clock. Better get some lunch for yourself.""What are you doing?" Charlie asks."We'll explain later," she says."O.K." says Charlie.3、The Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every daythey went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for, being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well," he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them round one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught hold of one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name," he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see thathe's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4、GALILEO AND ARISTOTLEAbout 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.4-1、PENICILLINIf you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow on it. When this happens, we say the bread "has gone mouldy". Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food. It grows from spores which are in the air. If the conditions are right, a spore can quickly get around and form a mould. This happens quite commenly. We have all probably seen it.In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his lab. If he had not noticed this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance "penicillin".Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions oflives. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!5、The Lost NecklacePlace: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.) Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne : (Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don，t think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn’t but many years ago you knew me well. I，m Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne : Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is .Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you were n’t ill . Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I was n’t ill . You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.Jeanne : But I don，t understand, Mathilde . There，s only one year between us ; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde : Yes, it can . Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne : Mathilde! I did n’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne : Oh , come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, …Well, it was all because of that necklace . Your necklace.Jeanne : My necklace ?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?Jeanne : Let me think . Ten years ago … Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre : Yes , Mathilde, we，re going to the ball, the palace ball !Mathilde: I can，t believe it!Pierre : But it，s true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven，t got a dress for the ball !Pierre : What does a new evening dress cost?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre : Four hundred ! That，s a lot of money . But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the onlyperson in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you，re so kind. Oh! But there，s on e other thing…Pierre : What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I…I have no jewelry .Pierre ：Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor . I haven’t got any jewelry.”Pierre : Can’t y ou borrow some jewelry from a friend , Mathilde ?Mathilde: Which friend ? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre : Let me think . How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre : I，m sure she has something you can borrow.(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne : Yes , Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne : (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose. Jeanne : Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else , only the necklace.Jeanne : I，m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace. Jeanne : Didn’t you have a good time at the ball ?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time…the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne : But why , Mathilde?Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn’t find it.I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne : But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it wasa different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-sixthousand francs.Jeanne : Thirty-six thousand !Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman beforeyou now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts. Jeanne : But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.5-1、THE VAIN STAGOne hot day a big stag that had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased wi th what he saw. “Oh,” he said. “What a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too big, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.Suddenly he heard the barking of dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught hisantlers in the branches of some low trees and could not get away.The dogs ran up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him.6、ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunited and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom forall-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.6-1、GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HIS HATCHETWhen George Washington was quite a little boy，his father gave him a hatchet. It was bright and new，and George took great delight in going about and chopping things with it.He ran into the garden，and there he saw a tree which seemed to say to him，“Come and cut me down！”George had often seen his father's men chop down great trees in the forest，and he thought that it would be fine sport to see this tree fall with a crash to the ground. So he set to work with his little hatchet，and，as the tree was a very small one，it did not take long to chop it down.Soon after that，his father came home.“Who cut my fine young cherry tree？”he cried.“It was the only tree of this kind in this country，and it cost me a great deal of money.”He was very angry when he came into the house.“If only I knew who killed that cherry tree，”he cried，“I would ... yes，I would ...”“Father！”cried little George.“I chopped the tree down with my hatchet.”His father forgot his anger.“George，”he sa id，and he took the little fellow in his arms，“George，I am glad that you told me about it. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.”7、8、THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHESMany years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything atall." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office? I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emp eror, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.。
(完整版)八六版高中英语课文全集
八六版高中英语课文第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT 盲人和象LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 亚伯拉罕·林肯LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城LESSON 11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP在服装店（选自《百万英镑》）LESSON 12 POLLUTION污染LESSON 13 THE FOOTPRINT脚印（选自《鲁滨逊漂流记》）LESSON 14 WATCHING ANTS观蚁LESSON 15 NAPOLEON'S THREE QUESTIONS拿破仑的三个问题LESSON 16 CONTINENTS AND OCEANS大陆和海洋LESSON 17 THE STORY OF WILLIAM TELL 威廉·泰尔的故事LESSON 18 A LITTLE HERO小英雄阅读：Merry Christmas圣诞快乐1. HOW TO USE AN ENGLISH DICTIONARY2. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND3. THAT CRAZY TOWER IN PISA4. THE BEST ADVICE I EVER HAD5. THE FIRST TELEVISION6.THE BOYS BUILD A BRIDGELESSON 1 PORTRAIT OF A TEACHER一位教师的写照LESSON 2 THE TALLEST GRASS最高的草LESSON 3 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR所有这一切都是要偿还的（选自《双城记》）LESSON 4 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR(Continued)所有这一切都是要偿还的（续）LESSON 5 WINTER SLEEP冬眠LESSON 6 ALBERT EINSTEIN阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦LESSON 7 ALBERT EINSTEIN(Continued)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（续）LESSON 8 THE PROFESSOR AND HIS INVENTION教授和他的发明LESSON 9 SPORTS AND GAMES体育运动LESSON 10 THE LAST LESSON最后一课LESSON 11 THE LAST LESSON(Continued)最后一课（续）LESSON 12 WALKING IN SPACE太空行走LESSON 13 MADAME CURIE AND RADIUM居里夫人和镭LESSON 14 THE GIFTS礼物LESSON 15 THE GIFTS(Continued)礼物（续）LESSON 16 ADVENTURE ON HIGHWAY 6666号公路历险记VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. THE LAST LEAF2. ESCAPE FROM THE ZOO3. ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERRY MEN4. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH5. A THIRSTY WORLD6. HOW THE BODY CELLS LIVELESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE毅力LESSON 2 A GERMAN STAMP一张德国邮票LESSON 3 ON READING谈读书LESSON 4 THREE GOLD MEDALS FOR WILMA威尔玛的三枚金牌LESSON 5 THE SNAKE IN THE SLEEPING BAG睡袋里的蛇LESSON 6 MY TEACHER我的老师（选自海伦·凯勒《我的一生》）LESSON 7 THE TRIAL审判（选自《威尼斯商人》）LESSON 8 CHARLES DARWIN查尔斯·达尔文LESSON 9 THE LANGUAGE OF THE BEES蜜蜂的语言LESSON 10 THE SIXTH DIAMOND 第六颗钻石LESSON 11 A SPEECH BY NORMAN BETHUNE诺尔曼·白求恩的演讲LESSON 12 FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH绝处逢生VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. FACE TO FACE WITH DANGER2. PAPER AND ITS USES3. STICK-UP4. THE EARTHWORM5. A GIFT FOR MOTHER'S DAY6. MYSTERIES OF MIGRATION7. SING FOR ME8. THE DOG THAT SET ME FREE9. TWO POEMS1、HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGESKarl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was bale to write the book in English.In the 1870's, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when a person is learning a foreign language; he must not always be translating everything into his own language. If he does this, it shows he has not mastered it. He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. If he can not do this, he has not really grasped the spirit of the foreign language and can not use it freely.2、AT HOME IN THE FUTUREA medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home?These ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning.""Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie."Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the vision phones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the vision phone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you?"Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles."In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the screen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models?""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time?""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The vision phone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.2-1、A VISIT TO THE LIBRARY IN THE FUTUREThe shopping is finished. Charlie's parents tell him they have to go out for a little while. "Why don't you visit the library while we're out?" says Charlie's dad. "I know they have some new books on basket-ball, your favourite game."Charlie goes to one of the visionphones. He places a call to the library. He asks to see one of the new books on basket-ball.Basket-ball Giant, the name of the book, is flashed on the screen. "Turn," says Charlie. The first page of the book is shown on the screen. Then the second, and the third. Charlie has read about fifty pages of it. Then he hears his mother's voice coming through a speaker on the wall. Charlie turns off the visionphone. He says hello to his mother."Where are you?" he adds."We're driving on the freeway," Mrs Green says. "This is taking a little more time than we thought. We won't be back until two o'clock. Better get some lunch for yourself.""What are you doing?" Charlie asks."We'll explain later," she says."O.K." says Charlie.3、The Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every daythey went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for, being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well," he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them round one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught hold of one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name," he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see thathe's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4、GALILEO AND ARISTOTLEAbout 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.4-1、PENICILLINIf you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow on it. When this happens, we say the bread "has gone mouldy". Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food. It grows from spores which are in the air. If the conditions are right, a spore can quickly get around and form a mould. This happens quite commenly. We have all probably seen it.In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his lab. If he had not noticed this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance "penicillin".Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions oflives. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!5、The Lost NecklacePlace: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.) Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne : (Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don，t think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn’t but many years ago you knew me well. I，m Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne : Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is .Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you were n’t ill . Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I was n’t ill . You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.Jeanne : But I don，t understand, Mathilde . There，s only one year between us ; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde : Yes, it can . Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne : Mathilde! I did n’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne : Oh , come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, …Well, it was all because of that neckla ce . Your necklace.Jeanne : My necklace ?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?Jeanne : Let me think . Ten years ago … Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre : Yes , Mathilde, we，re going to the ball, the palace ball !Mathilde: I can，t believe it!Pierre : But it，s true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven，t got a dress for the ball !Pierre : What does a new evening dress cost?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre : Four hundred ! That，s a lot of money . But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the onlyperson in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you，re so kind. Oh! But there，s one other thing…Pierre : What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I…I have no jewelry .Pierre ：Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor . I haven’t got any jew elry.”Pierre : Can’t you borrow some jewelry from a friend , Mathilde ?Mathilde: Which friend ? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre : Let me think . How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a ma n with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre : I，m sure she has something you can borrow.(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne : Yes , Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne : (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose. Jeanne : Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else , only the necklace.Jeanne : I，m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace. Jeanne : Didn’t you have a good time at the ball ?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time…the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne : But why , Mathilde?Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn’t find it.I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne : But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it wasa different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-sixthousand francs.Jeanne : Thirty-six thousand !Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman beforeyou now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts. Jeanne : But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.5-1、THE VAIN STAGOne hot day a big stag that had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said. “What a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too b ig, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.Suddenly he heard the barking of dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught hisantlers in the branches of some low trees and could not get away.The dogs ran up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him.6、ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunited and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom forall-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.6-1、GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HIS HATCHETWhen George Washington was quite a little boy，his father gave him a hatchet. It was bright and new，and George took great delight in going about and chopping things with it.He ran into the garden，and there he saw a tree which seemed to say to him，“Come and cut me down！”George had often seen his father's men chop down great trees in the forest，and he thought that it would be fine sport to see this tree fall with a crash to the ground. So he set to work with his little hatchet，and，as the tree was a very small one，it did not take long to chop it down.Soon after that，his father came home.“Who cut my fine young cherry tree？”he cried.“It was the only tree of this kind in this country，and it cost me a great deal of money.”He was very angry when he came into the house.“If only I knew who killed that cherry tree，”he cried，“I would ... yes，I would ...”“Father！”cried little George.“I chopped the tree down with my hatchet.”His father forgot his anger.“George，”he said，and he took the little fellow in his arms，“George，I am glad that you told me about it. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.”7、8、THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHESMany years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything atall." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office? I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emper or, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.。
译林六年级下册英语各单元课外阅读(理解)拓展练习(含答案)
Unit 1 The lion and the mouse课外拓展阅读练习根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。
AA crocodile is swimming in a river. He sees a monkey in the tree. He wants to catch the monkey and eat his heart.He says to the monkey, “Look, there are many banana trees on the other side of the river. Do you want to eat bananas?” The monkey is very glad. He jumps onto the crocodile’s back.In the middle of the river, the crocodile say s, “You are foolish. I want to eat your heart.” The monkey is very frightened(害怕的), but he is very clever, too.“You have to take me back to the tree. My heart is there. I can’t give you my heart now,” the monkey says to the crocodile.The crocodile thinks that it is true. He swims back the monkey. When the monkey gets to the tree, he shouts at the crocodile, “You can’t get my heart now. YOu can’t climb up a tree. I will not come down.”( )1.A crocodile sees a monkey in the tree.( )2.The monkey wants to eat the crocodile.( )3.The monkey wants to eat the bananas on the other side of the river.( )4.The monkey is foolish.( )5.The crocodile can’t eat the monkey at last.BThe Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time, there were four blind men in a village. Every day, they sat together and talked about interesting things. Once they were sitting under a big tree and talking about elephants. All of them didn’t know what an elephant was like. They wanted to know very much. At this time, a man was driving an elephant. The four blind men wanted to touch(摸) it. The man allowed them to do so. They were very happy.The first man said, “The elephant is like a wall.”The second man said, “The elephant is like a truck.”The third man said, “The elephant is like a rope.”The fourth man said, “The elephant is like a fan.”Each of them touched a different part of the ele phant, so they had different opinions.( )1.Once upon a time, there were five blind men in a village.( )2.The four men knew what an elephant was like.( )3.The first man said, “The elephant is like a fan.”( )4.The third man said, “The elephant is like a rope.”( )5.They touched a different part of the elephant, so they have different opinions.COne day, a city mouse met a country mouse in the field. The country mouse was eating nuts(坚果). “Hello, Friend! Why are you eating such bad food? Come with me. You can find the delicious food easily in the city,” the city mouse said. “Is that so?”the country mouse w as surprised(惊讶的) and wanted to go with his friend. They came to the city. There was a lot of food in the house. The country mouse was very glad. “Come on! Let’s have dinner,” the city mouse said. They started to eat. At this moment, some people came. “Run! Run away!” the city mouse shouted. The two mice were very afraid and they ran away qu ickly. “Oh, my heart was in m y mouth,” the country mouse said, “I am still going back to the field to eat my bad food.”( )1.The city mouse lived in the country.( )2.The country mouse didn’t like eating good food.( )3.The city mouse met a country mouse in the city one day.( )4.Mice can find the delicious food easily in the city.( )5.Finally, the country mouse went back the field to eat his bad food.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
86版高一英语 (1)
THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANTOnce upon a time, there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for , being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast (野兽) so that they could have a "look".Of course, they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well, “he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear (矛) than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them around one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name." he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES (Ⅰ)Many years ago, there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes thanfor anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers (织布工) and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible (看不见的) to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid (辉煌的) clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire (帝国) are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. So the two men set up two looms (织布机) and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest (诚实的) man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms.” God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything at all." But he was careful not to say so. The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider and wider, but he could see nothing on the looms.” Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office?I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed. All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise orfoolish their friends and neighbors might be.单词助手1.emperor n. 皇帝2.care vi.&vt. 关心，留心3.cheat n. 骗子vt. 骗vi.欺诈4.weave vt. 织；编weaver n. 织布工；编织者5.cloth n. 布；布料6.design n. 图案；花样7.invisible adj. 看不见的8.unfit adj. 不合适的be unfit for 不合适；不胜任9.office n. 职务；职责10.splendid adj. 灿烂的；辉煌的11.empire n. 帝国12.right away 立刻13.gold n.黄金；金色14.in order that 为了15.loom n. 织布机16.pretend vt.&vi. 假装17.silk n. (蚕)丝；丝织品，绸18.thread n. 线19.get along with 进展20.ought v.aux. 应当，应该21.prime adj. 首要的；基本的22.minister n. 大臣；部长23.the Prime Minister 首相，丞相；总理24.fit adj. 适合的；能胜任的be fit for 适合；胜任25.hall n. 会堂，大厅，礼堂26.god n.神；(God)上帝God save me! 天哪！27.wide adv. 广阔地；充分地28.point vi.指，指向vt.指出point to 指着...29.Dear me. 呵！哎呀！30.soon after 不久以后31.sing high praise for 高度赞扬...32.get back 回来；取回33.eager adj. 渴望的，热切的34.disease n. 疾病35.bad-tempered adj. 脾气坏的36.cure vt.&n.治愈37.poison vt. 使中毒38.nonsense n.胡说39.stomachache n.胃痛The Emperor's New Clothes(Ⅱ)Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, thou gh they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms.” Isn't the cloth magnificent (华丽的)?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms.They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves.” What on earth can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it.” The officials could see no more than the Emperor, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other expression. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession (游行). They Emperor nodded. He cried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials and gave each of the weavers a medal.The night before the procession, the two men had their lights burning all night long. They wanted everyone to see how hard they were working on the Emperor's new clothes. At last they cried, "Finished! The Emperor's new clothes are now ready!" Then the Emperor arrived with his hi gh officials.” Now if you take off your clothes, Your Majesty, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror," said the cheats.The Emperor was then undressed, and the cheats pretended to dress him in his new clothes. The Emperor turned from side to side in front of the mirror.” How splendid the Emperor looks in his new clothes!" everyone cried. "And how well they fit! What a splendid design! And what colors!” Well, I suppose I'm ready for the procession," said the Emperor. "Don't you think they are a nice fit?" And he turned again in front of the mirror, in order to make the others think he was looking at his new clothes.” Yes, perfectly wonderful!" cried his officials.And so the procession began. The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession, through the streets of the city. And all the people standing by and those at the windows cried out, "On, how splendid our Emperor's new clothes are! What a perfect fit!” No onedared say that he could not see the Emperor's new clothes.Suddenly a little child's voice was heard:" But he has nothing on!” G ood heavens! Listen to that silly child!" said the father.” Did you hear what the child said?" some people nearby asked each other. What the child had said was whispered from one to the other."I can't see anything at all on the Emperor," cried one or two of the braver ones. The cry was taken up and soon everyone was nodding and saying," BUT HE HAS NOTHING ON!” The Emperor heard the cries. He felt very silly, for he knew that the people were right. But he thought, "The procession has started, and it must go on!” So the Emperor held his head higher than ever. And the two officials who were following him took great trouble to hold up higher the train (裙裾)of the robe that wasn't there at all.The FootprintOne day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot. He was terrified at the sight. He looked round, but could see nobody. He listened, but could hear nothing. There were no other marks. Who had made the footprint? Was there someone else on this lonely island? Was it a savage (野人)? Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. For some days he stayed in this cave, behind his wall. He was afraid to go out, even for food.But no savages came and after a time he began to go out again. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. This made Crusoe very sad. He now felt even more lonely without his friend, the dog.He often thought about the footmark. Perhaps he had made it himself? He decided to go back and look again. The footprint was still there. He tried his foot in it, but it was much larger than his own. So there must be someone else on the island. Full of fear again, Crusoe returned home. He built another fence (篱笆) round his cave. Now he made holes in the wall and placed his guns in them, pointing outwards.But he still did not feel safe enough. He decided to look for another cave, where he could hide if savages came. He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high, with a narrow entrance. He stepped into the cave. Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. Was it a man, or a wild animal? He hurried out into the daylight.Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. He stepped back into the cave, holding the stick high above his head. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. Hestopped. Nothing happened. He went farther into the cave.On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die. It was the goat's eyes that he had seen in the darkness. As he looked at it, the goat rolled over and died.Crusoe looked about the cave. The ground and the sides were quite dry. Inside, the top of the cave was nearly twenty feet high. It was a good hiding place.Crusoe had eleven guns altogether. He brought five of them to his new cave and a great deal of gun-powder(火药). The cave was quite dark inside, so he made some candles (蜡烛) to give light. Now he had a safe place if the savages came. Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. And so the months and years went by.It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. Early one morning, before starting work, he climbed up to his lookout.There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire. Nearby were two canoes in which they had came to the island. They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire. Crusoe watched, full of fear.As soon as the savages had gone, Crusoe returned home for two guns. Then he made his way down to the shore. He looked out to sea. The two canoes were almost out of sight.He went towards the fire, which was still smoking. Among the ashes he found bones. They were not the bones of an animal, but of a human being!Crusoe knew that the savages killed their enemies and ate them. He made up his mind to shoot them if they came again. But many months went by and no one visited the island.The Story of William TellA long time ago，the tiny country of Switzerland was ruled by Austria. But the Swiss did not take their fate lying down. Every week there was a rebellion (反抗) somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions. The town of Altorf was particularly troublesome.The emperor of Austria finally decided to teach the Swiss a lesson. He sent a special governor to Altorf, a man named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand.One of Gessler's orders required all Altorfers to bow (鞠躬) before him. Anyone who refused to bow was thrown into prison. Although most of the people bowed to Gessler, they spat into the dirt as they did so. So Gessler decided to get even tougher. He placed his hat on a pole in the marketplace and ordered the Altorfers to bow before itwhenever they passed.One day, William Tell, a famous hunter, came to Altorf with his little son. He saw that ten soldiers were standing beside the pole. He knew about the order, and he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.Holding his head high, he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn't exist. Immediately the soldiers surrounded him and his son, saying:" You must bow before the hat!" "Why?""It's an order!""It's your order," said William Tell, "not mine.""We'll show you whose order it is," said the soldiers, and they led the father and son to Gessler. Even before the cruel governor himself William Tell did not bow. He held his son's hand firmly to be sure that the boy did not bow either."You broke the law," said Gessler."That is not my law," said William Tell. "I am a citizen (公民) of Switzerland, not Austria." Gessler turned red with anger. He then thought of a plan to punish William Tell."You're a hunter," he said. "We'll see how good you are." Picking an apple from a tree overhead, he turned to a soldier and said, "Take the boy one hundred paces down the street and place this apple on his head." Then he ordered William Tell to shoot at the apple with one of his arrow. The people who had gathered around were shocked at the cruelty of the order.Without saying a word, William Tell drew two arrows. He looked at his son, one hundred paces away with an apple on his head. The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father. "Turn around," William Tell called to his son. "Look this way."The boy turned around and faced his father. William Tell studied the two arrows, selected one, and placed it in his bow. Slowly he raised the bow, pulled back the cord, and after taking careful aim, let the arrow fly.It split the apple in half! The people raised a shout of joy. William Tell turned and looked calmly at Gessler. "Congratulations!" said Gessler, sneering. "Now tell me why you took a second arrow." "If I had missed," said William Tell, "and had shot too low, I was going to use this arrow on you."The story of the bravery of William Tell and his son quickly got round throughout Switzerland. It filled the hearts of the Swiss with pride and courage, and it was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers from their homeland.Watching AntsIf you go into the fields and turn over a few big stones, you may uncover a city ofant "people". You will see the workers, who gather food for themselves and for all the others. You will see the nurses, who care for the baby ants. And you will see some of the babies, too.While ants grow, they change their form three times. They start as tiny white eggs, and when these hatch, out come little fat white worms (蠕虫). These worms then weave silk cocoons (蚕茧) around themselves, inside which they change from fat worms into ants. When the time comes, the cocoons are torn open by the ant nurses, and the new ants with their tender legs and bodies are very gently helped out. You may see some of these new ants, still very pale in colour.A lucky visitor to the ant city may see the queen. She is much larger than the others and her hind (后部的) half is very big because it is full of eggs. Laying eggs (产卵) is her full-time jobs. She may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. The nurses keep her very clean, washing her with their tongues. From the outside, the workers bring her food. As the mother of many children, she is respected and taken good care of.Not all the ants go out for food. Some have extra powerful jaws. These act as guards and soldiers in time of trouble. Some workers keep the tunnels and rooms clean. All rubbish (垃圾) is carried out.Ants are fond of sweet food. They often milk little bugs called ant cows (蚜虫). You can see ant cows on the leaves and flowers of many plants. These cow bugs drink much more sap (树液) than they can use. It passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter. The ant knows how to milk them. It strikes a cow bug's back with its forelegs and feelers. The cow bug seems to enjoy this, and soon a tiny drop of honeydew milk appears. The ant taps (拍打) it up and goes to the next cow bug for more.The ant is not gathering this food for itself alone. It has two stomachs in its body, one for itself and one for carrying food for "the folks back home". When it returns, a nurse ant which has been busy indoors all day is sure to ask for honeydew (蜜汁). The two ants place their mouths together. The one which has the honeydew brings up a drop from its public stomach and passes it into the nurse ant's mouth; later, the nurse will give some of her drop to the babies, or to the queen. This is how the city is fed.When one ant wants food from another, it taps on the other's head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code. They "talk" a great deal by this means. If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled by this "tap-talking" with the feelers.The Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east: across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world.And it was said that it was one of the few man-made objects on the earth that could be seen by the astronauts (宇航员) who landed on the moon. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built during the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC—476BC). During the Warring States Period (475BC—221BC), more walls were put up to defend (保卫) the borders of the different kingdoms.In 221BC, the Kingdom of Qin united (统一) the different parts of China into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus the Great Wall came into being. Since then, it has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese “T he Ten-Thousand-Li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 kilometers long, 6 ~ 7meters high and 4 ~ 5 meters wide. In most places it is wide enough for five horses or ten men to walk side by side along the top. It has great gateways (门户) which connect the main roads of north China.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch towers, where soldiers used to keep watch. When the enemy came, fires were lit and at the same time guns were fired to warn soldiers at other towers. One column of smoke with one gunshot meant an enemy troop of about 100, two columns with two shots meant 500. In this way, a warning message could be sent 500 kilometers within a few hours.It was very difficult to build and rebuild such a great wall over wild and distant country without any modern machines. All the work had to be done by hand. Many people were forced to work on the wall far away from their homes. They lifted earth in baskets, passed bricks from hand to hand and dragged (拖、拉) heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. Their living conditions were terrible. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.After the Great Wall was rebuilt hundreds of years ago, no more work was done on it until the People's Republic of China was founded. After that, parts of the Great Wall were repaired. On both sides of it new cities appeared, trees were planted, and deserts became grasslands. The old Great Wall took on a new look.Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese People, but also to the people from all over the world. Many of them have come to know the famous Chinese saying: “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”THE LOST NECKLACE(项链)Place: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wifePierre Loisel, husbandJeanne Forrestier, their friendScene 1(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne: (Looking at the other woman) I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn't, but many years ago you knew me well. I'm Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne: Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you weren't ill. Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill. You see here an old woman. But it's because of hard work —ten years of hard work.Jeanne: But I don't understand, Mathilde. There's only one year between us; I'm thirty-five and you're thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much? Mathilde: Yes, it can. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years. Jeanne: Mathilde! I didn't know. I'm sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne: Oh, come on, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, ... Well, it was all because of that necklace. Your necklace.Jeanne: My necklace?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond (钻石) necklace?Jeanne: Let me think. Ten years ago... Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our life we were invited to an important ball.Scene 2(The scene changed to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.) Pierre: Yes, Mathilde, we're going to the ball(舞会), the palace ball!Mathilde: I can't believe it!Pierre: But it's true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven't got a dress for the ball!Pierre: What does a new evening dress cost, Mathilde?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre: Four hundred! That's a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we'll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you're so kind. Oh, but there's one other thing... Pierre: What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I ... I have no jewelry (珠宝).Pierre: Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say "I'm poor. I haven't got any jewelry."Pierre: Can't you borrow some jewelry from a friend, Mathilde?Mathilde: Which friend? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre: Let me think. How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I'll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre: I'm sure she has something you can borrow.Scene 3(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.) Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne: Yes, Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne: (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose.Jeanne: Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn't want anything else, only the necklace.Jeanne: I'm sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace.Jeanne: Didn't you have a good time at that ball?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time... the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne:But why, Mathilde?Mathilde:On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn't find it. I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne:But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well.Mathilde:Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.Jeanne:Thirty-six thousand!Mathilde:Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we've paid off all our debts(偿清债务).Jeanne:But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn't a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.。
The Blind Men and the Elephant
The Blind Men and the ElephantThere were once six blind men in India who stood by the roadside every day, begging from the people who passed. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one; for, being blind, how could they?It so happened that one morning an elephant was driven down the road where they stood. When they were told that the great beast was before them, they asked the driver to let him stop so that they might see him.Of course they could not see him with their eyes, but they thought that by touching him, they could learn just what kind of animal he was. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first happened to put his hand on the elephant’s side. “Well, well,” he said, “now I know all about this bea st. He is exactly like a wall.”The second felt the elephant’s tusk. “My brother,” he said, “you are quite mistaken. He is not at all like a wall. He is round and smooth and sharp. He is more like a spear than anything else.”The third happened to take hol d of the elephant’s trunk. “Both of you are entirely wrong,” he said. “Anybody who knows anything can see that this elephant is like a snake.”The fourth reached out his arms, and grasped one of the elephant’s legs. “Oh, how blind you are!” He said, “It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree.”The fifth, being a very tall man, chanced to take hold of the elephant’s ear. “The blindest man ought to know that this elephant is not like any of the things you name,” he said. “He is exactly like a huge fan.”The sixth was very blind indeed, and it was some time before he could find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the animal’s tail. “Oh, you silly fellows! ” he said. “You surely have lost your senses. The elephant is not like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. But any man with a little sense can see that he is exactly like a rope.”Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. Each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like; and they called each other names because they could not agree.It is not just blind men who make such silly mistakes. People who have eyes sometimes act just as foolishly—when they take a one –sided view of things.原文选自60年代高级中学课本《英语》第三册（代用课本）瞎子摸象从前，印度有六个瞎子，他们天天站在路边，向过往行人乞讨。
86版高中英语第一册
所有文章共1759个单词1 How Karl Marx Learned Foreign EnglishKarl Marl was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In face, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx write back to say that Engels’ praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that hi was not too sure about two things – the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great words, The Cibil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English.In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian.In one of his books, Marx gave some advice o how to learn a foreign language. He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything intotheir own language. If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it. When they use the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own. If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.2 AT HOME IN THE FUTUREA medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home?These ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let up suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie’s room. These wires are called sensor. She place one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She put another one around his wrist and one on his forhead. Then she plus the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code “TCP”. This means “telephone call placed.” A little light flashes on the wall. The Green’s wireless telephone is ready for a call. Mrs Green say “2478”, the doctor’s telepho ne number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor’s voice: “Good morning.”“Good morning, Dr Scott,” answers Mrs Green. “Charlie isn’t feeling too well this morning. I’ve put the sensors on him. i wonder if you can examine him now.”“Sure,” the doctor’s voice says. “Well, he doesn’t have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie.”Charlie does so.“just a little cold,” says the doctor. “Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.”“Thank you, Doctor,” says Mrs Green. “TCC(telephone call completed).” The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished.“Charlie,” says Mrs Green, “since you have to stay at home, why don’t you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.”“Great,” Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the vision phones. There are several in their house.“TCP,” says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the vision phone.“New Forest Bicycle Sho p,” a voice says. “may I help you?”Charlie answers, “I’d like to see your ten-speed bicycles.”In the next few minutes, picture of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the screen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, “Are you interested in any of these models?”“Yes, I’m interested in model 6.”“do you wish to place an order at this time?”“Not just yet,” answers Mrs Green. “My son’s birthday is in two weeks’ time. Thank you. TCC.”The vision phone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.3 THE BLIND MEN ANDTHEELEPHANTOnce upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heart of elephants, but they had never seen one, for, being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “look”.Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trust their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant’s side. "Well, well, " he said. “This beast is exactly like a wall.”The second grasped one of the elephant’s tusks and felt it. “You’re quite mistaken,” he said. “He’s round and smooth and sharp. He’s more like a spear than anything else.”The third happened to take hold of the elephant’s trunk. “You’re both completely wrong,” he said. “This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.”The fourth opened both his arms then closed them around one of the elephant’s legs. “Oh, how blind you are!” he cried. “It’s very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.”The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant’s ears. “Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn’t like any of the things you name.” he said. “He’s exactly like a huge fan.”The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quitesome time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast’s tail. “Oh, how silly you all are!” cried he. “The elephant isn’t like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he’s exactly like a ropt.”Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six man sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4 GALILEO AD ARISTOTLEAbout 2300 years ago, their lived in Greece a gerat thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happeded, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle’s theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just becauseAristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle’s theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galieo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result.At last, he decide that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower thaN a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it dows the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He build a telescope through which he could study the skys. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Gaolileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and nover took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo’s theory of falling objects is true.5 THELOST NECKLACEPlace: a park in Paristime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne: (Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.mathilde: No, you wouldn’t but many years ago you knew me well. I’m Mathilde Loisel. Jeanne: Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you weren’t ill. Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn’t ill. You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work-ten years of hard work.Jeanne: But I don’t understand, Mathilde. There’s only one year between us; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde: Yes, it can. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne: Mathilde! I didn’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would tather not tell you.Jeanne: Oh, come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, … Well, it was all because of that necklace. Your necklace.Jeanne: My necklace?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house andborrowed a diamond necklace?Jeanne: Let me think. Ten years a go… Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right, Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre: Yes, Mathilde, we’re going to the ball, the palace ball!Mathilde: I can’t believe it!Pierre: But it’s true.mathilde: Oh, pierre, how wonderful! But I haven’t got a dress for the ball!Pierre: What does a new evening dress cost?Mathilde: About four hunderd francs.Pierre: Four hunderd! That’s a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you’re so kind. Oh! But there’s one other thing…Pierre: What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I… I have no jewelry.Pierre: Jewelry? Do you need jewlry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor. I haven’t got any jewelry.”Pierre: Can’t you borrow some jewelry from a friend, Mathlde?Mathlde: Which friend? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre: Let me think. How about jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre: I’m sure she has something you can borrow.(The sence changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.) Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne: Yes, Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne: (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose. Jeanne: Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else, only the necklace.Jea nny: I’m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace.Jeanne: Didn’t you have a good time at the ball?Mathilde: Yes, a v ery good time, but that was the last time… the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne: But why, Mathilde?Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We retuened to the palace and looked in every room but couldn’t find it.I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne: But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a differeny one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.Jeanne: Thirty-six thousand!Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now. Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.Jeanne: But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.6 ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved d early, died in 1818. happily for him, his father’s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school educationadded up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. he was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a feee state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United State. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of thier own, where they would be free to keep negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunited and the salves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the united States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who let the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom for all-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHESMany years ago there lived an emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office.“Ah, what splendid clothes!” thought the Emperor. “They are just what I shall have. when I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise an who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away.”The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, “I wonder how the weavers are getting aloing with my cloth.” Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their office could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have noting to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the colth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms.“God save me!” thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. “I can’t see anything at all.” But he was careful not to say so.The man who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider, but he could see nothing on the looms.“Dear me,” he said to himself, “Am I foolish or unfi t for my office? I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.”“Oh! it’s most beautiful!” said the Prime Minister quickly. “The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are.”The Emperor was pleased by what the Price minister told him about the colth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The officail could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms.He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretened to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms.“Isn’t the cloth magnificent?” said the official and the Prime Minister. “What a splendid disign! And what colors!” they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves.“What on earth can this mean?” said the Emperor to himself. “I don’t see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn’t let anyone know.”“The cloth is beautiful,” he cried out loud. “Beautiful! I am very pleased with it.”The officials could see no more than the Emperor, but they all shouted, 'Beautiful! Excellent! Mangnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession. The Emperor noded. He cried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials and gave each of the weavers a medal.The night before the procession, the two men had their lights burning all night long. They wanted everyone to see how hard they ware working on the Emperor’s new clothes.At last they cried, “finished! The Emperor’s new clothes are now ready!”Then the Emperor arrived with his officials.“Now if you take off your clothes, Your Majesty, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror,” said the cheats.The Emperor was then undressed, and the cheats pretended to dress him in his new clothes.The Emperor turned from side to side in front of the mirror.“How splendid the emperor looks in his new clothes!” everyond cried. “And how well they fit! What a splendid disign! And what colors!”“Well, I suppose I’m ready for the procession,” said the Emperor. “Dont you think they are a nice fit?” An d he turned again in front of the mirror, in order to make the others think he was looking at his new clothes.“Yes, perfectly wonderful!” cried his officials.And so the procession began.The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession, throught the streets of the city. And all the people standing by and those at the windows cried out, “how splendid our Emperor’s new clothes are! What a perfect fit!”No one darde say that he could not see the Emperors new clothes.Suddenly a little child’s voice was hea rd:" but he has nothing on!"“Good heavens! Listen to that silly child!” said the father.“did you hear what the child said?” some people nearby asked each other.what the child had said was whispered from one to the other.“I can’t see anything at all on the Emperor,” cried one or two of the braver ones.The cry was taken up and soon everyone was nodding and saying:“BUT HE HAS NOTHING ON!”The emperor heard the cries. He felt very silly, for he knew that the people were right. But he thought, “The procession has started, and it must go on!”So the Emperor held his head higher than ever. And the two officials who were following him took great trouble to hold up higher the train of the robe that wasn’t there at all.9 LADY SILKWORMLonglongago，there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao. When Aqiao was nine years old, her mother died. Her father remarried and the stpemother was cruel to Aqiao and her brother.One winter morning, the stepmother told Aqiao to go out and cut some grass for the sheep. The poor girl, with a basket on her back, searched all day from the friverside to the foot of the mountain. But where could she find any green grass in winter? She was tried, cold and hungry, but she was afraid to go home and face her stepmother.As she walked along, she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the entrance to a valley. Aqiao pushed the branches aside. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both side. She bent down immediately to cut the grass. She went on cutting and cutting until she came to the end of the brook. She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face. Suddenly she saw a lady all in white standing in front of her. The lady was smiling.“Little girl, how nice to see you! Won’t you come and stay with us for a while?”Aqiao looked around. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. The leaves on the trees were green and large. And there were many other ladies in white, who were singing and picking the leavesfrom the trees.Aqiao liked what she saw and decided to stay.After that she worked together with the ladies in white. They picked leaves from the trees, and fed them to some little while worms. Slowly, the little worms would grow up and spit out silk to form cocoons. The lady in white told Aqiao how to reel the shining silk from these cocoons and how to dye the silk different colors.Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.One day, Aqiao thought of her brother:“Why not ask my brother to come here too?”Early next morning, without telling the lady in white, she hurried back home. When left, Aqiao took some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds with her. As she walked, she dropped the sees along tthe road so that she would know the way back.When Aqiao reached home, she found that her father had grown old and her brother had become a young man. The curel stepmother had died.It had been fifteen years since she left!“Aqiao! Why didn’t you come home all there years? Where have you been?”Aqiao told her father all that had happened. Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.The next day Aqiao decided to go back to the valley with her brother. But when she opened the door, she found things had changed. The road was lined with mulberry trees. All the seeds she had dropped had grown into trees. She walked along the trail of mulberry trees until she came to the valley. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance, but she could no longer find a way to get into the valley.So all she could do was to go back home.It was said that that was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. The lady in white whom Aqiao met in the valley was Lady Silkworm, the fairy in charge of the harvesting of silk. 10 THE GREATWALL OF CHINAThe Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east across desert, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world. And it was one of the few man-made objects on earth that could be seen by the astronauts who landed on the moon.The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was build during the Spring and Autumn Period(770 B.C. - 476 B.C.). During the Warring States Period(475 B.C. -221 B.C.), more walls were put up to defind the borders of the different kingdoms.In 221 B.C., the kingdom of Qin united the different parts of China into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus the Great Wall came into being. Since then, it has often been added to, rebuilt and reparied, especially during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).The Great Wall, which i s called in Chinese “The Ten-thousand-li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 kilometers long, 6-7 metres high and 4-5 metres wide. In most places it is wide engough for five horses or ten men to walk side by side along the top. It has greatgateways which connect the main roads of north China.Every few hundred meters along the Wall there are watchtowers, where soldiers used to keep watch. When the enemy came, fires were lit and at the same time guns were fired to warn soldiers at other towers. One column of smoke with one gunshot meant an enemy troop of about 100, two columns with two shuts meant 500. In this way, a warning message could be sent 500 kilometres within a few hours.It was very difficult to build and rebuild such a great wall over wild and distant country without any modern machines. All the work had to be done by hand. Many people were forced to work on the wall far away from their homes. They lifted earth in baskets, passed bricks from hand to hand and dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. Their living conditions were terrible. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.After the Great Wall were rebuilt hunderds of years ago, no more work was done on it until the People’s Republic of China was founded. After that, parts of the Wall were reparied. On both sides of it new cities appeared, trees were planted, and deserts became grasslands. The old Great Wall took on a new look.Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese people, but also to people from all over the world. Many of them have come to know the famous Chinese saying:" He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP。
86年人教版高中英语课文
八六版高中英语课文第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT 盲人和象LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 亚伯拉罕·林肯LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城LESSON 11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP在服装店（选自《百万英镑》）LESSON 12 POLLUTION污染LESSON 13 THE FOOTPRINT脚印（选自《鲁滨逊漂流记》）LESSON 14 WATCHING ANTS观蚁LESSON 15 NAPOLEON'S THREE QUESTIONS拿破仑的三个问题LESSON 16 CONTINENTS AND OCEANS大陆和海洋LESSON 17 THE STORY OF WILLIAM TELL 威廉·泰尔的故事LESSON 18 A LITTLE HERO小英雄阅读：Merry Christmas圣诞快乐1. HOW TO USE AN ENGLISH DICTIONARY2. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND3. THAT CRAZY TOWER IN PISA4. THE BEST ADVICE I EVER HAD5. THE FIRST TELEVISION6.THE BOYS BUILD A BRIDGELESSON 1 PORTRAIT OF A TEACHER一位教师的写照LESSON 2 THE TALLEST GRASS最高的草LESSON 3 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR所有这一切都是要偿还的（选自《双城记》）LESSON 4 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR(Continued)所有这一切都是要偿还的（续）LESSON 5 WINTER SLEEP冬眠LESSON 6 ALBERT EINSTEIN阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦LESSON 7 ALBERT EINSTEIN(Continued)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（续）LESSON 8 THE PROFESSOR AND HIS INVENTION教授和他的发明LESSON 9 SPORTS AND GAMES体育运动LESSON 10 THE LAST LESSON最后一课LESSON 11 THE LAST LESSON(Continued)最后一课（续）LESSON 12 WALKING IN SPACE太空行走LESSON 13 MADAME CURIE AND RADIUM居里夫人和镭LESSON 14 THE GIFTS礼物LESSON 15 THE GIFTS(Continued)礼物（续）LESSON 16 ADVENTURE ON HIGHWAY 6666号公路历险记VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. THE LAST LEAF2. ESCAPE FROM THE ZOO3. ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERRY MEN4. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH5. A THIRSTY WORLD6. HOW THE BODY CELLS LIVELESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE毅力LESSON 2 A GERMAN STAMP一张德国邮票LESSON 3 ON READING谈读书LESSON 4 THREE GOLD MEDALS FOR WILMA威尔玛的三枚金牌LESSON 5 THE SNAKE IN THE SLEEPING BAG睡袋里的蛇LESSON 6 MY TEACHER我的老师（选自海伦·凯勒《我的一生》）LESSON 7 THE TRIAL审判（选自《威尼斯商人》）LESSON 8 CHARLES DARWIN查尔斯·达尔文LESSON 9 THE LANGUAGE OF THE BEES蜜蜂的语言LESSON 10 THE SIXTH DIAMOND 第六颗钻石LESSON 11 A SPEECH BY NORMAN BETHUNE诺尔曼·白求恩的演讲LESSON 12 FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH绝处逢生VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. FACE TO FACE WITH DANGER2. PAPER AND ITS USES3. STICK-UP4. THE EARTHWORM5. A GIFT FOR MOTHER'S DAY6. MYSTERIES OF MIGRATION7. SING FOR ME8. THE DOG THAT SET ME FREE9. TWO POEMS1、HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGESKarl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was bale to write the book in English.In the 1870's, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when a person is learning a foreign language; he must not always be translating everything into his own language. If he does this, it shows he has not mastered it. He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. If he can not do this, he has not really grasped the spirit of the foreign language and can not use it freely.2、AT HOME IN THE FUTUREA medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home?These ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning.""Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie."Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the vision phones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the vision phone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you?"Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles."In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the screen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models?""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time?""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The vision phone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.2-1、A VISIT TO THE LIBRARY IN THE FUTUREThe shopping is finished. Charlie's parents tell him they have to go out for a little while. "Why don't you visit the library while we're out?" says Charlie's dad. "I know they have some new books on basket-ball, your favourite game."Charlie goes to one of the visionphones. He places a call to the library. He asks to see one of the new books on basket-ball.Basket-ball Giant, the name of the book, is flashed on the screen. "Turn," says Charlie. The first page of the book is shown on the screen. Then the second, and the third. Charlie has read about fifty pages of it. Then he hears his mother's voice coming through a speaker on the wall. Charlie turns off the visionphone. He says hello to his mother."Where are you?" he adds."We're driving on the freeway," Mrs Green says. "This is taking a little more time than we thought. We won't be back until two o'clock. Better get some lunch for yourself.""What are you doing?" Charlie asks."We'll explain later," she says."O.K." says Charlie.3、The Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every daythey went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for, being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well," he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them round one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught hold of one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name," he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see thathe's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4、GALILEO AND ARISTOTLEAbout 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.4-1、PENICILLINIf you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow on it. When this happens, we say the bread "has gone mouldy". Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food. It grows from spores which are in the air. If the conditions are right, a spore can quickly get around and form a mould. This happens quite commenly. We have all probably seen it.In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his lab. If he had not noticed this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance "penicillin".Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions oflives. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!5、The Lost NecklacePlace: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.) Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne : (Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don，t think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn’t but many years ago you knew me well. I，m Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne : Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is .Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you were n’t ill . Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I was n’t ill . You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.Jeanne : But I don，t understand, Mathilde . There，s only one year between us ; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde : Yes, it can . Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne : Mathilde! I did n’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne : Oh , come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, …Well, it was all because of that neckla ce . Your necklace.Jeanne : My necklace ?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?Jeanne : Let me think . Ten years ago … Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre : Yes , Mathilde, we，re going to the ball, the palace ball !Mathilde: I can，t believe it!Pierre : But it，s true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven，t got a dress for the ball !Pierre : What does a new evening dress cost?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre : Four hundred ! That，s a lot of money . But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the onlyperson in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you，re so kind. Oh! But there，s one other thing…Pierre : What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I…I have no jewelry .Pierre ：Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor . I haven’t got any jew elry.”Pierre : Can’t you borrow some jewelry from a friend , Mathilde ?Mathilde: Which friend ? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre : Let me think . How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a ma n with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre : I，m sure she has something you can borrow.(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne : Yes , Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne : (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose. Jeanne : Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else , only the necklace.Jeanne : I，m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace. Jeanne : Didn’t you have a good time at the ball ?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time…the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne : But why , Mathilde?Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn’t find it.I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne : But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it wasa different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-sixthousand francs.Jeanne : Thirty-six thousand !Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman beforeyou now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts. Jeanne : But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.5-1、THE VAIN STAGOne hot day a big stag that had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said. “What a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too b ig, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.Suddenly he heard the barking of dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught hisantlers in the branches of some low trees and could not get away.The dogs ran up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him.6、ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunited and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom forall-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.6-1、GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HIS HATCHETWhen George Washington was quite a little boy，his father gave him a hatchet. It was bright and new，and George took great delight in going about and chopping things with it.He ran into the garden，and there he saw a tree which seemed to say to him，“Come and cut me down！”George had often seen his father's men chop down great trees in the forest，and he thought that it would be fine sport to see this tree fall with a crash to the ground. So he set to work with his little hatchet，and，as the tree was a very small one，it did not take long to chop it down.Soon after that，his father came home.“Who cut my fine young cherry tree？”he cried.“It was the only tree of this kind in this country，and it cost me a great deal of money.”He was very angry when he came into the house.“If only I knew who killed that cherry tree，”he cried，“I would ... yes，I would ...”“Father！”cried little George.“I chopped the tree down with my hatchet.”His father forgot his anger.“George，”he said，and he took the little fellow in his arms，“George，I am glad that you told me about it. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.”7、8、THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHESMany years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything atall." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office? I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emper or, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.。
最新外研版小学英语五年级上册the blind men and the elephant
The blind men and the elephantHello everyone. I’m No.…. Reading books is my hobby. Today I’d like to tell you a story. The name is the blind men and the elephant. There are six blind men in a country. They want to know something about an elephant, so they go to“see” the elephant. But all of them are blind, so they can only touch the elephant with their hands.The first blind man goes to the elephant. He is happening to touch the side of the elephant. At once he shouts, “God bless me, the elephant is very like a wall! It’s too big.”The thin blind man is feeling the tusk. He cries, “oh, it’s not very big. It’s very round and smooth and sharp. It’s very clear to me. This monster is very like spear. ”The short blind man walks near the animal. And he takes the long trunk in his hands, so he speaks quietly, “I see, the elephant is very like a snake!”The fat blind man gives out his hands. He holds the leg of the elephant. He says, “No! This animal is tall and round .It’s clear enough. The elephant looks like a big tree!”The fifth blind man touches the ear. He shouts, “You are the blindest man. I think the elephant is very like a big fan! I believe it!”The last blind man is catching the elephant’s swinging tail. He says loudly, “You are all wrong. This animal looks like a rope! This is right. ”And so these men argue and argue. Everyone thinks he is the right one, the others are wrong. Nobody knows he can’t touch the whole elephant byhimself.。
高中英语课文全集(八六版)
八六版高中英语课文第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT 盲人和象LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 亚伯拉罕·林肯LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城LESSON 11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP在服装店（选自《百万英镑》）LESSON 12 POLLUTION污染LESSON 13 THE FOOTPRINT脚印（选自《鲁滨逊漂流记》）LESSON 14 WATCHING ANTS观蚁LESSON 15 NAPOLEON'S THREE QUESTIONS拿破仑的三个问题LESSON 16 CONTINENTS AND OCEANS大陆和海洋LESSON 17 THE STORY OF WILLIAM TELL 威廉·泰尔的故事LESSON 18 A LITTLE HERO小英雄阅读：Merry Christmas圣诞快乐1. HOW TO USE AN ENGLISH DICTIONARY2. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND3. THAT CRAZY TOWER IN PISA4. THE BEST ADVICE I EVER HAD5. THE FIRST TELEVISION6.THE BOYS BUILD A BRIDGELESSON 1 PORTRAIT OF A TEACHER一位教师的写照LESSON 2 THE TALLEST GRASS最高的草LESSON 3 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR所有这一切都是要偿还的（选自《双城记》）LESSON 4 ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR(Continued)所有这一切都是要偿还的（续）LESSON 5 WINTER SLEEP冬眠LESSON 6 ALBERT EINSTEIN阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦LESSON 7 ALBERT EINSTEIN(Continued)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（续）LESSON 8 THE PROFESSOR AND HIS INVENTION教授和他的发明LESSON 9 SPORTS AND GAMES体育运动LESSON 10 THE LAST LESSON最后一课LESSON 11 THE LAST LESSON(Continued)最后一课（续）LESSON 12 WALKING IN SPACE太空行走LESSON 13 MADAME CURIE AND RADIUM居里夫人和镭LESSON 14 THE GIFTS礼物LESSON 15 THE GIFTS(Continued)礼物（续）LESSON 16 ADVENTURE ON HIGHWAY 6666号公路历险记VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. THE LAST LEAF2. ESCAPE FROM THE ZOO3. ROBIN HOOD AND HIS MERRY MEN4. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH5. A THIRSTY WORLD6. HOW THE BODY CELLS LIVELESSON 1 PERSEVERANCE毅力LESSON 2 A GERMAN STAMP一张德国邮票LESSON 3 ON READING谈读书LESSON 4 THREE GOLD MEDALS FOR WILMA威尔玛的三枚金牌LESSON 5 THE SNAKE IN THE SLEEPING BAG睡袋里的蛇LESSON 6 MY TEACHER我的老师（选自海伦·凯勒《我的一生》）LESSON 7 THE TRIAL审判（选自《威尼斯商人》）LESSON 8 CHARLES DARWIN查尔斯·达尔文LESSON 9 THE LANGUAGE OF THE BEES蜜蜂的语言LESSON 10 THE SIXTH DIAMOND 第六颗钻石LESSON 11 A SPEECH BY NORMAN BETHUNE诺尔曼·白求恩的演讲LESSON 12 FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH绝处逢生VOCABULARYSUPPLIMENTARY READINGS1. FACE TO FACE WITH DANGER2. PAPER AND ITS USES3. STICK-UP4. THE EARTHWORM5. A GIFT FOR MOTHER'S DAY6. MYSTERIES OF MIGRATION7. SING FOR ME8. THE DOG THAT SET ME FREE9. TWO POEMS1、HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGESKarl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was bale to write the book in English.In the 1870's, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when a person is learning a foreign language; he must not always be translating everything into his own language. If he does this, it shows he has not mastered it. He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. If he can not do this, he has not really grasped the spirit of the foreign language and can not use it freely.2、AT HOME IN THE FUTUREA medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home?These ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning.""Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie."Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the vision phones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the vision phone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you?"Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles."In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the screen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models?""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time?""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The vision phone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.2-1、A VISIT TO THE LIBRARY IN THE FUTUREThe shopping is finished. Charlie's parents tell him they have to go out for a little while. "Why don't you visit the library while we're out?" says Charlie's dad. "I know they have some new books on basket-ball, your favourite game."Charlie goes to one of the visionphones. He places a call to the library. He asks to see one of the new books on basket-ball.Basket-ball Giant, the name of the book, is flashed on the screen. "Turn," says Charlie. The first page of the book is shown on the screen. Then the second, and the third. Charlie has read about fifty pages of it. Then he hears his mother's voice coming through a speaker on the wall. Charlie turns off the visionphone. He says hello to his mother."Where are you?" he adds."We're driving on the freeway," Mrs Green says. "This is taking a little more time than we thought. We won't be back until two o'clock. Better get some lunch for yourself.""What are you doing?" Charlie asks."We'll explain later," she says."O.K." says Charlie.3、The Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every daythey went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for, being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well," he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them round one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught hold of one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name," he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see thathe's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.4、GALILEO AND ARISTOTLEAbout 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.4-1、PENICILLINIf you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow on it. When this happens, we say the bread "has gone mouldy". Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food. It grows from spores which are in the air. If the conditions are right, a spore can quickly get around and form a mould. This happens quite commenly. We have all probably seen it.In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his lab. If he had not noticed this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance "penicillin".Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions oflives. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!5、The Lost NecklacePlace: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.) Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne : (Looking at the other woman) I’m sorry, but I don，t think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn’t but many years ago you knew me well. I，m Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne : Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is .Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you were n’t ill . Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I was n’t ill . You see here an old woman. But it’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.Jeanne : But I don，t understand, Mathilde . There，s only one year between us ; I’m thirty-five and you’re thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde : Yes, it can . Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne : Mathilde! I did n’t know. I’m sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne : Oh , come, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, …Well, it was all because of that neckla ce . Your necklace.Jeanne : My necklace ?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?Jeanne : Let me think . Ten years ago … Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changes to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre : Yes , Mathilde, we，re going to the ball, the palace ball !Mathilde: I can，t believe it!Pierre : But it，s true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven，t got a dress for the ball !Pierre : What does a new evening dress cost?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre : Four hundred ! That，s a lot of money . But perhaps, just this once, we’ll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the onlyperson in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you，re so kind. Oh! But there，s one other thing…Pierre : What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I…I have no jewelry .Pierre ：Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor . I haven’t got any jew elry.”Pierre : Can’t you borrow some jewelry from a friend , Mathilde ?Mathilde: Which friend ? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre : Let me think . How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a ma n with a lot of money. I’ll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre : I，m sure she has something you can borrow.(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne : Yes , Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne : (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose. Jeanne : Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn’t want anything else , only the necklace.Jeanne : I，m sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace. Jeanne : Didn’t you have a good time at the ball ?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time…the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne : But why , Mathilde?Mathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn’t find it.I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne : But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well. Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it wasa different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-sixthousand francs.Jeanne : Thirty-six thousand !Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman beforeyou now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts. Jeanne : But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn’t a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.5-1、THE VAIN STAGOne hot day a big stag that had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said. “What a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too b ig, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.Suddenly he heard the barking of dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught hisantlers in the branches of some low trees and could not get away.The dogs ran up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him.6、ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunited and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in the South and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, D.C. and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom forall-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.6-1、GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HIS HATCHETWhen George Washington was quite a little boy，his father gave him a hatchet. It was bright and new，and George took great delight in going about and chopping things with it.He ran into the garden，and there he saw a tree which seemed to say to him，“Come and cut me down！”George had often seen his father's men chop down great trees in the forest，and he thought that it would be fine sport to see this tree fall with a crash to the ground. So he set to work with his little hatchet，and，as the tree was a very small one，it did not take long to chop it down.Soon after that，his father came home.“Who cut my fine young cherry tree？”he cried.“It was the only tree of this kind in this country，and it cost me a great deal of money.”He was very angry when he came into the house.“If only I knew who killed that cherry tree，”he cried，“I would ... yes，I would ...”“Father！”cried little George.“I chopped the tree down with my hatchet.”His father forgot his anger.“George，”he said，and he took the little fellow in his arms，“George，I am glad that you told me about it. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell one lie.”7、8、THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHESMany years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything atall." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office? I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emper or, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.。
三个盲人摸象的故事的原文英语作文
三个盲人摸象的故事的原文英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Parable of the Three Blind Men and the Elephant: A Lesson in Perspective"An elephant is like a thick snake!" exclaimed the first blind man as he felt the elephant's trunk. "No, you're mistaken my friend," the second blind man disagreed. "An elephant is like a tall pillar!" he insisted, feeling the elephant's leg. "You're both wrong," the third blind man chimed in confidently. "An elephant is like a large fan!" he declared, touching the elephant's ear.This ancient Indian parable about three blind men describing an elephant based only on the part they could touch has been told and retold countless times over the centuries. While a simple tale on its surface, it carries a profound lesson about the limits of perspective and subjective experience. As students, we would be wise to reflect deeply on the story's meanings.The crux of the story lies in the fact that each blind man was partially right in his description of the elephant, based on the limited part he could perceive through touch alone. And yet,each was also critically wrong in claiming his perspective represented the entire truth about the animal. From the vantage point of their individual experiences, it was understandable why each blind man assumed the elephant resembled the snake, pillar, or fan that aligned with the part he could feel. However, by failing to account for the perspectives of the others, and by doubling down on their subjective realities, each ended up with a distorted and incomplete view of the elephant's true nature.In this light, the story reveals the fallacy of thinking our own narrow window into the world represents the entire objective truth or reality. Just as the blind men could only comprehend part of the elephant, we too go through life only being able to directly perceive slices of the total picture through our limited senses and experiences. Our individual perspectives, while accurate to some degree based on what we can empirically verify, are inherently incomplete and biased when treated as absolute truths about how things really are.As students endeavoring to learn and understand the world around us, we must be cognizant of these limitations of perspective. In our studies across diverse subjects from history to science, from literature to mathematics, we constantly encounter complex issues and ideas far beyond the reach of any oneindividual's viewpoint or paradigm. Just as the elephant could only be fully grasped by synthesizing the differing perspectives of the blind men, so too must we remain open to examining phenomena through multiple lenses and vantage points.This is not to say that rejecting all subjective viewpoints and believing in some pure, context-free "objectivity" is the answer either. The parable does not invalidate the blind men's perspectives about the parts of the elephant they could feel; it simply cautions against mistaking any one perspective as the entire truth. Our individual subjective experiences remain invaluable starting points for inquiry and pathways toward deeper understanding. The key is holding them with an open mind and humble acknowledgment of their inherent limitations.As budding scholars, we would be wise to approach our studies with a balance of confidence in our own interpretations, balanced with an eagerness to incorporate other viewpoints that can enrich, qualify, or even contradict our initial perspectives. We should feel empowered to form hypotheses and make claims based on the information available to us. But we must also remain flexible, allowing our personal "truths" to evolve, expand, and transform as we expose ourselves to new ideas, additional contexts, and alternative frames of reference.Committing to this ethos of open-minded curiosity and intellectual humility does not mean lacking conviction in our beliefs. The blind men's mistake was not in describing the parts of the elephant they could feel, but in their dogmatic insistence that their slender glimpses represented the entirety of the animal. We too can hold strong views and impassioned positions, while still maintaining a modicum of doubt that perhaps we may be missing some part of the larger picture.Ultimately, the parable reveals that the most robust understanding, the most complete "truth," can only be obtained by making a concerted effort to integrate multiple perspectives on an issue. Just as the blind men collectively could have formed a more accurate composite representation of the entire elephant by pooling their individual perceptions, so too can we exponentially expand our comprehension by considering phenomena through various empirical and interpretive lenses.As students, we stand at the beginning of a lifelong journey of learning, growth, and gradually expanding our circles of knowledge. The tale of the blind men and the elephant serves as an important reminder that we must couple our enthusiastic search for truth with a steadfast commitment to intellectual humility. Only by walking this balanced path of subjectivepassion and objective pluralism can we avoid mistaking our own limited vantages for complete reality, and instead continue steadily assembling a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the world.篇2The Parable of the Three Blind Men and the Elephant: Seeing the Bigger PictureAs a student, I've encountered the ancient parable of the three blind men and the elephant numerous times throughout my academic journey. This thought-provoking tale serves as a powerful metaphor for the limitations of human perception and the importance of embracing diverse perspectives. While the story itself is relatively simple, its underlying message resonates profoundly, teaching valuable lessons about understanding, empathy, and the pursuit of knowledge.The narrative unfolds as three blind men chance upon an elephant, each touching a different part of the majestic creature. The first blind man, grasping the elephant's trunk, proclaims it to be a thick snake. The second, feeling the elephant's sturdy leg, insists it resembles a tree trunk. The third, clutching the elephant's ear, adamantly declares it to be a large fan. Each man,relying solely on his limited tactile experience, forms an incomplete and conflicting understanding of the animal's true nature.This simple allegory effectively illustrates the pitfalls of relying solely on partial information or a single perspective. Like the blind men, we humans often cling tenaciously to our individual viewpoints, failing to recognize the broader context or alternative perspectives. We risk misinterpreting reality and missing the bigger picture when we insist on the absoluteness of our limited experiences.As students, we must learn to embrace the idea that knowledge is multifaceted and that truth can be elusive when viewed through a narrow lens. Whether studying history, literature, science, or any other discipline, we must strive to consider multiple viewpoints and gather information from diverse sources. Only by synthesizing these varied perspectives can we hope to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject at hand.The parable also reminds us of the importance of humility and open-mindedness. The blind men's unwavering insistence on their individual perceptions led them to argue and dismiss one another's experiences. Had they listened to each other andcombined their insights, they may have arrived at a more accurate understanding of the elephant's true nature. As students, we must cultivate a willingness to listen, question our assumptions, and remain open to alternative viewpoints, even when they challenge our existing beliefs.Furthermore, the story encourages us to embrace diversity and seek out different perspectives actively. Just as the blind men each brought a unique perspective to the encounter with the elephant, our classmates, professors, and peers from diverse backgrounds and experiences can offer invaluable insights that broaden our understanding of the world around us. By engaging in respectful dialogue and actively seeking out diverse perspectives, we can enrich our learning experience and develop a more nuanced and well-rounded understanding of the subjects we study.The parable of the three blind men and the elephant also serves as a poignant reminder of the limitations of our senses and the dangers of making hasty judgments based on incomplete information. As students, we must cultivate a spirit of curiosity, a willingness to question our assumptions, and a commitment to seeking out additional information and perspectives before arriving at conclusions.In the realm of academia, where complex ideas and theories are explored, the importance of considering multiple viewpoints cannot be overstated. Whether studying philosophical concepts, scientific theories, or literary works, we must approach these subjects with an open mind, recognizing that our initial understanding may be limited or biased.Ultimately, the parable of the three blind men and the elephant serves as a powerful reminder of the value of collaboration, empathy, and a willingness to embrace diverse perspectives. By combining our individual experiences and insights, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the world around us and navigate the complexities of academic inquiry with greater wisdom and nuance.As students, we have the opportunity to embody the lessons of this timeless tale. By actively seeking out diverse viewpoints, listening with empathy, and remaining open to new information, we can transcend the limitations of our individual perspectives and develop a deeper, more holistic understanding of the subjects we study. In doing so, we not only enrich our academic pursuits but also cultivate the critical thinking skills and intellectual humility that will serve us well beyond the classroom,enabling us to navigate the complexities of life with greater wisdom and insight.篇3The Parable of the Three Blind Men and the Elephant: A Cautionary Tale on the Limits of PerceptionHave you ever heard the ancient parable about the three blind men who encountered an elephant? If not, let me regale you with this thought-provoking tale that has transcended cultures and centuries. It serves as a profound reminder of the boundaries of individual perception and the importance of keeping an open mind.The story goes something like this: Three blind men from a village happened upon an elephant for the very first time. Naturally, their curiosity was piqued by this unfamiliar creature. Being blind, they could not simply look upon the elephant to discern its form and features. Instead, they had to rely solely on their sense of touch to conceptualize the nature of the beast before them.The first blind man approached the elephant and felt its sturdy, pillar-like leg. "Aha!" he exclaimed. "This creature is like a thick tree trunk." The second blind man meandered towards theelephant's flexible trunk and exclaimed, "No, no, my friend. You are mistaken. This being is very much like a snake!" The third blind man, who had discovered the elephant's large, flapping ear, adamantly disagreed with his companions. "You are both wrong," he insisted. "This creature is more akin to a large fan that we use to expel hot air."As the three blind men vehemently disagreed about the true nature of the elephant, a sighted man from the village happened upon the scene. Immediately recognizing the source of the conflict, he attempted to explain to the blind men that they were all partially correct. Each man had accurately described the specific part of the elephant that he had touched and experienced. However, none of them possessed a comprehensive understanding of the elephant's entirety.At its core, this ancient tale highlights the inherent limits of individual perspection and the pitfalls of drawing conclusions based on narrow experiences alone. Each of the blind men was accurate in describing the part of the elephant that he could sense. However, their insistence that their personal experience represented the entire truth prevented them from recognizing the bigger picture. Only through open communication, the sharing of diverse perspectives, and a willingness toacknowledge the boundaries of one's own perception could a more complete understanding be achieved.As a student, I find this parable incredibly relevant and applicable to nearly every facet of the learning process. In academics, as in life, we often encounter complex subjects, intricate ideas, and multifaceted concepts that cannot be fully grasped from a single, limited vantage point. Just as the blind men could only comprehend parts of the elephant, we may initially only perceive fragments of a bigger intellectual or philosophical picture.Consider the study of history, for example. One historian may focus primarily on the political machinations and military campaigns of a particular era, while another may concentrate on the socioeconomic factors that shaped the civilization. A third scholar may choose to analyze the period through the lens of art, literature, and cultural expression. Each of these historians, like the blind men, possesses an accurate but inherently incomplete understanding of the time period based on their specific area of inquiry.The same principle applies to fields as diverse as literature, where critics may offer vastly different interpretations of a novel's themes and symbolism, or the sciences, whereresearchers from different disciplines approach a common subject from contrasting theoretical frameworks. Even within a single academic discipline, scholars and students may disagree vehemently about the correct methods, conclusions, or implications of their work.In my experience as a student, I have learned that the most profound and lasting understanding often arises from a synthesis of multiple perspectives. By remaining open to differing viewpoints, respectfully considering alternative theories, and approaching subjects from diverse angles, a more holistic and nuanced comprehension can be achieved.Of course, this is easier said than done. We all possess innate human biases, preconceived notions, and the tendency to cling dogmatically to our initial impressions and beliefs, just as the blind men staunchly defended their limited understanding of the elephant. Intellectual humility, a willingness to admit the boundaries of one's own knowledge, and a genuine curiosity about other perspectives are crucial characteristics for any student or scholar to cultivate.I have found that some of my most meaningful learning experiences have occurred when I have allowed myself to be challenged and have actively sought out viewpoints that differedfrom my own. By engaging with ideas that initially seemed counter to my understanding, I have often gained invaluable insights and a deeper, more nuanced appreciation for the complexities of the topic at hand.The parable of the three blind men and the elephant extends beyond academics into numerous other realms of human experience. In our personal lives, we may find ourselves making assumptions or judgments about others based on limited interactions or superficial characteristics, much like the blind men's fragmented perceptions of the elephant. In the professional sphere, colleagues from different backgrounds, areas of expertise, or positions within an organization may clash due to their own narrow perspectives on a particular challenge or opportunity.Ultimately, the story serves as a powerful allegory about the limitations of individual perception, the dangers of insisting that one's own view represents the entire truth, and the incredible value of remaining open-minded and embracing diverse perspectives. As students, and as human beings, we would do well to heed the parable's enduring wisdom and approach the world, and each other, with humility, curiosity, and a willingness to continually expand our understanding.For just as the blind men could only fully conceptualize the elephant by pooling their individual experiences, we can only hope to comprehend the depths and complexities of the world around us by synthesizing our unique perspectives into a more complete and enlightened whole.。
Data Mining with Big Data
Data Mining with Big DataXindong Wu,Fellow,IEEE,Xingquan Zhu,Senior Member,IEEE,Gong-Qing Wu,and Wei Ding,Senior Member,IEEE Abstract—Big Data concern large-volume,complex,growing data sets with multiple,autonomous sources.With the fast development of networking,data storage,and the data collection capacity,Big Data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains,including physical,biological and biomedical sciences.This paper presents a HACE theorem that characterizes the features of the Big Data revolution,and proposes a Big Data processing model,from the data mining perspective.This data-driven model involves demand-driven aggregation of information sources,mining and analysis,user interest modeling,and security and privacy considerations.We analyze the challenging issues in the data-driven model and also in the Big Data revolution.Index Terms—Big Data,data mining,heterogeneity,autonomous sources,complex and evolving associationsÇ1I NTRODUCTIOND R.Yan Mo won the2012Nobel Prize in Literature.Thisis probably the most controversial Nobel prize of this category.Searching on Google with“Yan Mo Nobel Prize,”resulted in1,050,000web pointers on the Internet(as of 3January2013).“For all praises as well as criticisms,”said Mo recently,“I am grateful.”What types of praises and criticisms has Mo actually received over his31-year writing career?As comments keep coming on the Internet and in various news media,can we summarize all types of opinions in different media in a real-time fashion,including updated,cross-referenced discussions by critics?This type of summarization program is an excellent example for Big Data processing,as the information comes from multiple, heterogeneous,autonomous sources with complex and evolving relationships,and keeps growing.Along with the above example,the era of Big Data has arrived[37],[34],[29].Every day,2.5quintillion bytes of data are created and90percent of the data in the world today were produced within the past two years[26].Our capability for data generation has never been so powerful and enormous ever since the invention of the information technology in the early19th century.As another example, on4October2012,the first presidential debate between President Barack Obama and Governor Mitt Romney triggered more than10million tweets within2hours[46]. Among all these tweets,the specific moments that generated the most discussions actually revealed the public interests,such as the discussions about medicare and vouchers.Such online discussions provide a new means to sense the public interests and generate feedback in real-time,and are mostly appealing compared to generic media, such as radio or TV broadcasting.Another example is Flickr,a public picture sharing site,which received 1.8million photos per day,on average,from February to March2012[35].Assuming the size of each photo is 2megabytes(MB),this requires3.6terabytes(TB)storage every single day.Indeed,as an old saying states:“a picture is worth a thousand words,”the billions of pictures on Flicker are a treasure tank for us to explore the human society,social events,public affairs,disasters,and so on, only if we have the power to harness the enormous amount of data.The above examples demonstrate the rise of Big Data applications where data collection has grown tremen-dously and is beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture,manage,and process within a “tolerable elapsed time.”The most fundamental challenge for Big Data applications is to explore the large volumes of data and extract useful information or knowledge for future actions[40].In many situations,the knowledge extraction process has to be very efficient and close to real time because storing all observed data is nearly infeasible. For example,the square kilometer array(SKA)[17]in radio astronomy consists of1,000to1,50015-meter dishes in a central5-km area.It provides100times more sensitive vision than any existing radio telescopes,answering fundamental questions about the Universe.However,with a40gigabytes(GB)/second data volume,the data generated from the SKA are exceptionally large.Although researchers have confirmed that interesting patterns,such as transient radio anomalies[41]can be discovered from the SKA data,existing methods can only work in an offline fashion and are incapable of handling this Big Data scenario in real time.As a result,the unprecedented data volumes require an effective data analysis and prediction platform to achieve fast response and real-time classifica-tion for such Big Data.The remainder of the paper is structured as follows:In Section2,we propose a HACE theorem to model Big Data characteristics.Section3summarizes the key challenges for.X.Wu is with the School of Computer Science and InformationEngineering,Hefei University of Technology,China,and the Departmentof Computer Science,University of Vermont..X.Zhu is with the Department of Computer&Electrical Engineering andComputer Science,Florida Atlantic University,Boca Raton,FL33341..G.-Q.Wu is with the School of Computer Science and InformationEngineering,Hefei University of Technology,China..W.Ding is with the Computer Science Department,University ofMassachusetts Boston,100Morrissey Blvd.,Boston,MA02125.Manuscript received25Jan.2013;revised13Apr.2013;accepted5June2013;published online24June2013.Recommended for acceptance by X.He.For information on obtaining reprints of this article,please send e-mail to:tkde@,and reference IEEECS Log Number TKDE-2013-01-0068.Digital Object Identifier no.10.1109/TKDE.2013.109.1041-4347/14/$31.00ß2014IEEE Published by the IEEE Computer SocietyBig Data mining.Some key research initiatives and the authors’national research projects in this field are outlined in Section4.Related work is discussed in Section5,and we conclude the paper in Section6.2B IG D ATA C HARACTERISTICS:HACE T HEOREM HACE Theorem.Big Data starts with large-volume, h eterogeneous,a utonomous sources with distributed and decentralized control,and seeks to explore c omplex and e volving relationships among data.These characteristics make it an extreme challenge for discovering useful knowledge from the Big Data.In a naı¨ve sense,we can imagine that a number of blind men are trying to size up a giant elephant(see Fig.1),which will be the Big Data in this context.The goal of each blind man is to draw a picture(or conclusion)of the elephant according to the part of information he collects during the process.Because each person’s view is limited to his local region,it is not surprising that the blind men will each conclude independently that the elephant“feels”like a rope,a hose,or a wall,depending on the region each of them is limited to.To make the problem even more complicated,let us assume that1)the elephant is growing rapidly and its pose changes constantly,and2)each blind man may have his own(possible unreliable and inaccu-rate)information sources that tell him about biased knowledge about the elephant(e.g.,one blind man may exchange his feeling about the elephant with another blind man,where the exchanged knowledge is inherently biased).Exploring the Big Data in this scenario is equivalent to aggregating heterogeneous information from different sources(blind men)to help draw a best possible picture to reveal the genuine gesture of the elephant in a real-time fashion.Indeed,this task is not as simple as asking each blind man to describe his feelings about the elephant and then getting an expert to draw one single picture with a combined view,concerning that each individual may speak a different language(heterogeneous and diverse information sources)and they may even have privacy concerns about the messages they deliberate in the information exchange process.2.1Huge Data with Heterogeneous and DiverseDimensionalityOne of the fundamental characteristics of the Big Data is the huge volume of data represented by heterogeneous and diverse dimensionalities.This is because different informa-tion collectors prefer their own schemata or protocols for data recording,and the nature of different applications also results in diverse data representations.For example,each single human being in a biomedical world can be represented by using simple demographic information such as gender,age,family disease history,and so on.For X-ray examination and CT scan of each individual,images or videos are used to represent the results because they provide visual information for doctors to carry detailed examinations.For a DNA or genomic-related test,micro-array expression images and sequences are used to represent the genetic code information because this is the way that our current techniques acquire the data.Under such circumstances,the heterogeneous features refer to the different types of representations for the same individuals, and the diverse features refer to the variety of the features involved to represent each single observation.Imagine that different organizations(or health practitioners)may have their own schemata to represent each patient,the data heterogeneity and diverse dimensionality issues become major challenges if we are trying to enable data aggregation by combining data from all sources.2.2Autonomous Sources with Distributed andDecentralized ControlAutonomous data sources with distributed and decentra-lized controls are a main characteristic of Big Data applications.Being autonomous,each data source is able to generate and collect information without involving(or relying on)any centralized control.This is similar to the World Wide Web(WWW)setting where each web server provides a certain amount of information and each server is able to fully function without necessarily relying on other servers.On the other hand,the enormous volumes of the data also make an application vulnerable to attacks or malfunctions,if the whole system has to rely on any centralized control unit.For major Big Data-related applica-tions,such as Google,Flicker,Facebook,and Walmart,a large number of server farms are deployed all over the world to ensure nonstop services and quick responses for local markets.Such autonomous sources are not only the solutions of the technical designs,but also the results of the legislation and the regulation rules in different countries/ regions.For example,Asian markets of Walmart are inherently different from its North American markets in terms of seasonal promotions,top sell items,and customer behaviors.More specifically,the local government regula-tions also impact on the wholesale management process and result in restructured data representations and data warehouses for local markets.2.3Complex and Evolving RelationshipsWhile the volume of the Big Data increases,so do the complexity and the relationships underneath the data.In an early stage of data centralized information systems,the focus is on finding best feature values to represent each observation.This is similar to using a number of data fields, such as age,gender,income,education background,and so on,to characterize each individual.This type of sample-feature representation inherently treats each individual as an independent entity without considering their social connections,which is one of the most important factors ofFig.1.The blind men and the giant elephant:the localized(limited)view of each blind man leads to a biased conclusion.the human society.Our friend circles may be formed based on the common hobbies or people are connected by biological relationships.Such social connections commonly exist not only in our daily activities,but also are very popular in cyberworlds.For example,major social network sites,such as Facebook or Twitter,are mainly characterized by social functions such as friend-connections and followers (in Twitter).The correlations between individuals inherently complicate the whole data representation and any reasoning process on the data.In the sample-feature representation,individuals are regarded similar if they share similar feature values,whereas in the sample-feature-relationship repre-sentation,two individuals can be linked together (through their social connections)even though they might share nothing in common in the feature domains at all.In a dynamic world,the features used to represent the indivi-duals and the social ties used to represent our connections may also evolve with respect to temporal,spatial,and other factors.Such a complication is becoming part of the reality for Big Data applications,where the key is to take the complex (nonlinear,many-to-many)data relationships,along with the evolving changes,into consideration,to discover useful patterns from Big Data collections.3D ATA M INING C HALLENGES WITH B IG D ATAFor an intelligent learning database system [52]to handle Big Data,the essential key is to scale up to the exceptionally large volume of data and provide treatments for the characteristics featured by the aforementioned HACE theorem.Fig.2shows a conceptual view of the Big Data processing framework,which includes three tiers from inside out with considerations on data accessing and computing (Tier I),data privacy and domain knowledge (Tier II),and Big Data mining algorithms (Tier III).The challenges at Tier I focus on data accessing and arithmetic computing procedures.Because Big Data are often stored at different locations and data volumes maycontinuously grow,an effective computing platform will have to take distributed large-scale data storage into consideration for computing.For example,typical data mining algorithms require all data to be loaded into the main memory,this,however,is becoming a clear technical barrier for Big Data because moving data across different locations is expensive (e.g.,subject to intensive network communication and other IO costs),even if we do have a super large main memory to hold all data for computing.The challenges at Tier II center around semantics and domain knowledge for different Big Data applications.Such information can provide additional benefits to the mining process,as well as add technical barriers to the Big Data access (Tier I)and mining algorithms (Tier III).For example,depending on different domain applications,the data privacy and information sharing mechanisms between data producers and data consumers can be significantly differ-ent.Sharing sensor network data for applications like water quality monitoring may not be discouraged,whereas releasing and sharing mobile users’location information is clearly not acceptable for majority,if not all,applications.In addition to the above privacy issues,the application domains can also provide additional information to benefit or guide Big Data mining algorithm designs.For example,in market basket transactions data,each transaction is considered independent and the discovered knowledge is typically represented by finding highly correlated items,possibly with respect to different temporal and/or spatial restrictions.In a social network,on the other hand,users are linked and share dependency structures.The knowledge is then represented by user communities,leaders in each group,and social influence modeling,and so on.Therefore,understanding semantics and application knowledge is important for both low-level data access and for high-level mining algorithm designs.At Tier III,the data mining challenges concentrate on algorithm designs in tackling the difficulties raised by the Big Data volumes,distributed data distributions,and by complex and dynamic data characteristics.The circle at Tier III contains three stages.First,sparse,heterogeneous,uncertain,incomplete,and multisource data are prepro-cessed by data fusion techniques.Second,complex and dynamic data are mined after preprocessing.Third,the global knowledge obtained by local learning and model fusion is tested and relevant information is fedback to the preprocessing stage.Then,the model and parameters are adjusted according to the feedback.In the whole process,information sharing is not only a promise of smooth development of each stage,but also a purpose of Big Data processing.In the following,we elaborate challenges with respect to the three tier framework in Fig.2.3.1Tier I:Big Data Mining PlatformIn typical data mining systems,the mining procedures require computational intensive computing units for data analysis and comparisons.A computing platform is,therefore,needed to have efficient access to,at least,two types of resources:data and computing processors.For small scale data mining tasks,a single desktop computer,which contains hard disk and CPU processors,is sufficientWU ET AL.:DATA MINING WITH BIG DATA 99Fig.2.A Big Data processing framework:The research challenges form a three tier structure and center around the “Big Data mining platform”(Tier I),which focuses on low-level data accessing and computing.Challenges on information sharing and privacy,and Big Data application domains and knowledge form Tier II,which concentrates on high-level semantics,application domain knowledge,and user privacy issues.The outmost circle shows Tier III challenges on actual mining algorithms.to fulfill the data mining goals.Indeed,many data mining algorithm are designed for this type of problem settings.For medium scale data mining tasks,data are typically large (and possibly distributed)and cannot be fit into the main mon solutions are to rely on parallel computing[43],[33]or collective mining[12]to sample and aggregate data from different sources and then use parallel computing programming(such as the Message Passing Interface)to carry out the mining process.For Big Data mining,because data scale is far beyond the capacity that a single personal computer(PC)can handle, a typical Big Data processing framework will rely on cluster computers with a high-performance computing platform, with a data mining task being deployed by running some parallel programming tools,such as MapReduce or Enterprise Control Language(ECL),on a large number of computing nodes(i.e.,clusters).The role of the software component is to make sure that a single data mining task, such as finding the best match of a query from a database with billions of records,is split into many small tasks each of which is running on one or multiple computing nodes.For example,as of this writing,the world most powerful super computer Titan,which is deployed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee,contains18,688nodes each with a 16-core CPU.Such a Big Data system,which blends both hardware and software components,is hardly available without key industrial stockholders’support.In fact,for decades, companies have been making business decisions based on transactional data stored in relational databases.Big Data mining offers opportunities to go beyond traditional relational databases to rely on less structured data:weblogs, social media,e-mail,sensors,and photographs that can be mined for useful information.Major business intelligence companies,such IBM,Oracle,Teradata,and so on,have all featured their own products to help customers acquire and organize these diverse data sources and coordinate with customers’existing data to find new insights and capitalize on hidden relationships.3.2Tier II:Big Data Semantics and ApplicationKnowledgeSemantics and application knowledge in Big Data refer to numerous aspects related to the regulations,policies,user knowledge,and domain information.The two most important issues at this tier include1)data sharing and privacy;and2)domain and application knowledge.The former provides answers to resolve concerns on how data are maintained,accessed,and shared;whereas the latter focuses on answering questions like“what are the under-lying applications?”and“what are the knowledge or patterns users intend to discover from the data?”3.2.1Information Sharing and Data Privacy Information sharing is an ultimate goal for all systems involving multiple parties[24].While the motivation for sharing is clear,a real-world concern is that Big Data applications are related to sensitive information,such as banking transactions and medical records.Simple data exchanges or transmissions do not resolve privacy con-cerns[19],[25],[42].For example,knowing people’s locations and their preferences,one can enable a variety of useful location-based services,but public disclosure of an individual’s locations/movements over time can have serious consequences for privacy.To protect privacy,two common approaches are to1)restrict access to the data, such as adding certification or access control to the data entries,so sensitive information is accessible by a limited group of users only,and2)anonymize data fields such that sensitive information cannot be pinpointed to an indivi-dual record[15].For the first approach,common chal-lenges are to design secured certification or access control mechanisms,such that no sensitive information can be misconducted by unauthorized individuals.For data anonymization,the main objective is to inject randomness into the data to ensure a number of privacy goals.For example,the most common k-anonymity privacy measure is to ensure that each individual in the database must be indistinguishable from kÀmon anonymiza-tion approaches are to use suppression,generalization, perturbation,and permutation to generate an altered version of the data,which is,in fact,some uncertain data.One of the major benefits of the data annomization-based information sharing approaches is that,once anonymized, data can be freely shared across different parties without involving restrictive access controls.This naturally leads to another research area namely privacy preserving data mining[30],where multiple parties,each holding some sensitive data,are trying to achieve a common data mining goal without sharing any sensitive information inside the data.This privacy preserving mining goal,in practice,can be solved through two types of approaches including 1)using special communication protocols,such as Yao’s protocol[54],to request the distributions of the whole data set,rather than requesting the actual values of each record, or2)designing special data mining methods to derive knowledge from anonymized data(this is inherently similar to the uncertain data mining methods).3.2.2Domain and Application KnowledgeDomain and application knowledge[28]provides essential information for designing Big Data mining algorithms and systems.In a simple case,domain knowledge can help identify right features for modeling the underlying data (e.g.,blood glucose level is clearly a better feature than body mass in diagnosing Type II diabetes).The domain and application knowledge can also help design achievable business objectives by using Big Data analytical techniques. For example,stock market data are a typical domain that constantly generates a large quantity of information,such as bids,buys,and puts,in every single second.The market continuously evolves and is impacted by different factors, such as domestic and international news,government reports,and natural disasters,and so on.An appealing Big Data mining task is to design a Big Data mining system to predict the movement of the market in the next one or two minutes.Such systems,even if the prediction accuracy is just slightly better than random guess,will bring significant business values to the developers[9].Without correct domain knowledge,it is a clear challenge to find effective matrices/measures to characterize the market movement,and such knowledge is often beyond the mind of the data miners,although some recent research has shown that using social networks,such as Twitter,it is100IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING,VOL.26,NO.1,JANUARY2014possible to predict the stock market upward/downward trends[7]with good accuracies.3.3Tier III:Big Data Mining Algorithms3.3.1Local Learning and Model Fusion for MultipleInformation SourcesAs Big Data applications are featured with autonomous sources and decentralized controls,aggregating distributed data sources to a centralized site for mining is system-atically prohibitive due to the potential transmission cost and privacy concerns.On the other hand,although we can always carry out mining activities at each distributed site, the biased view of the data collected at each site often leads to biased decisions or models,just like the elephant and blind men case.Under such a circumstance,a Big Data mining system has to enable an information exchange and fusion mechanism to ensure that all distributed sites(or information sources)can work together to achieve a global optimization goal.Model mining and correlations are the key steps to ensure that models or patterns discovered from multiple information sources can be consolidated to meet the global mining objective.More specifically,the global mining can be featured with a two-step(local mining and global correlation)process,at data,model,and at knowledge levels.At the data level,each local site can calculate the data statistics based on the local data sources and exchange the statistics between sites to achieve a global data distribution view.At the model or pattern level,each site can carry out local mining activities,with respect to the localized data,to discover local patterns.By exchanging patterns between multiple sources,new global patterns can be synthetized by aggregating patterns across all sites[50].At the knowledge level,model correlation analysis investigates the relevance between models gener-ated from different data sources to determine how relevant the data sources are correlated with each other,and how to form accurate decisions based on models built from autonomous sources.3.3.2Mining from Sparse,Uncertain,and IncompleteDataSpare,uncertain,and incomplete data are defining features for Big Data applications.Being sparse,the number of data points is too few for drawing reliable conclusions.This is normally a complication of the data dimensionality issues, where data in a high-dimensional space(such as more than 1,000dimensions)do not show clear trends or distribu-tions.For most machine learning and data mining algorithms,high-dimensional spare data significantly de-teriorate the reliability of the models derived from the data. Common approaches are to employ dimension reduction or feature selection[48]to reduce the data dimensions or to carefully include additional samples to alleviate the data scarcity,such as generic unsupervised learning methods in data mining.Uncertain data are a special type of data reality where each data field is no longer deterministic but is subject to some random/error distributions.This is mainly linked to domain specific applications with inaccurate data readings and collections.For example,data produced from GPS equipment are inherently uncertain,mainly because the technology barrier of the device limits the precision of the data to certain levels(such as1meter).As a result,each recording location is represented by a mean value plus a variance to indicate expected errors.For data privacy-related applications[36],users may intentionally inject randomness/errors into the data to remain anonymous. This is similar to the situation that an individual may not feel comfortable to let you know his/her exact income,but will be fine to provide a rough range like[120k,160k].For uncertain data,the major challenge is that each data item is represented as sample distributions but not as a single value,so most existing data mining algorithms cannot be directly mon solutions are to take the data distributions into consideration to estimate model parameters.For example,error aware data mining[49] utilizes the mean and the variance values with respect to each single data item to build a Naı¨ve Bayes model for classification.Similar approaches have also been applied for decision trees or database queries.Incomplete data refer to the missing of data field values for some samples.The missing values can be caused by different realities,such as the malfunction of a sensor node,or some systematic policies to intentionally skip some values(e.g.,dropping some sensor node readings to save power for transmission). While most modern data mining algorithms have in-built solutions to handle missing values(such as ignoring data fields with missing values),data imputation is an estab-lished research field that seeks to impute missing values to produce improved models(compared to the ones built from the original data).Many imputation methods[20]exist for this purpose,and the major approaches are to fill most frequently observed values or to build learning models to predict possible values for each data field,based on the observed values of a given instance.3.3.3Mining Complex and Dynamic DataThe rise of Big Data is driven by the rapid increasing of complex data and their changes in volumes and in nature [6].Documents posted on WWW servers,Internet back-bones,social networks,communication networks,and transportation networks,and so on are all featured with complex data.While complex dependency structures underneath the data raise the difficulty for our learning systems,they also offer exciting opportunities that simple data representations are incapable of achieving.For example,researchers have successfully used Twitter,a well-known social networking site,to detect events such as earthquakes and major social activities,with nearly real-time speed and very high accuracy.In addition,by summarizing the queries users submitted to the search engines,which are all over the world,it is now possible to build an early warning system for detecting fast spreading flu outbreaks[23].Making use of complex data is a major challenge for Big Data applications,because any two parties in a complex network are potentially interested to each other with a social connection.Such a connection is quadratic with respect to the number of nodes in the network,so a million node network may be subject to one trillion connections.For a large social network site,like Facebook,the number of active users has already reached1 billion,and analyzing such an enormous network is a big challenge for Big Data mining.If we take daily user actions/interactions into consideration,the scale of diffi-culty will be even more astonishing.WU ET AL.:DATA MINING WITH BIG DATA101。
the blind men and the elephant英语故事 每日晨读
the blind men and the elephant英语故事每日晨读The Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time there lived six blind men in a village They had heard about the strange creature called an elephant but had never encountered one They were very curious to know what this animal looked like So one day they decided to go and find an elephant and touch it to understand its featuresThe first blind man approached the elephant and touched its broad and sturdy side He exclaimed This great beast is exactly like a wallThe second blind man felt the tusk and declared An elephant is very much like a solid pipeThe third blind man grabbed the swinging trunk and said I believe an elephant is like a giant snakeThe fourth blind man ran his fingers along the elephant s leg and announced The elephant is certainly like the trunk of a treeThe fifth blind man stroked the ear and commented This animal is very similar to a large fanThe sixth blind man caught hold of the swishing tail and cried out This elephant is exactly like a piece of ropeThe six blind men argued and disagreed with each other each convinced that his own perception was the absolute truth They could not see the whole picture of the elephant since they had only experienced a part of itThis story teaches us that we should not be quick to judge or come to conclusions based on limited information We need to be open minded and consider different perspectives before making up our minds Partial information can be misleading and prevent us from seeing the big pictureIn our daily lives we often encounter situations where we form opinions without having complete knowledge of the facts We make assumptions based on our own biases and experiences without considering alternative viewpoints This can lead to misunderstandings and conflictsFor example when we read news reports or social media posts wemay instantly form an opinion without verifying the credibility of the source or considering other angles to the story Similarly in our personal relationships we may judge others based on limited interactions and fail to appreciate their full complexity as individualsTo avoid such pitfalls we must strive to be more open minded and seek to understand different perspectives before arriving at conclusions This will not only help us make more informed decisions but also foster greater empathy and tolerance in our societyJust as the blind men in the story needed to combine their individual experiences to gain a comprehensive understanding of the elephant we too must be willing to step out of our own limited viewpoints and consider alternative perspectives This is the only way we can truly grasp the full picture and make sound judgmentsIn conclusion the story of the blind men and the elephant is a powerful allegory that reminds us of the importance of maintaining an open mind and avoiding hasty conclusions Based on partial information It encourages us to seek a more holistic understanding of the world around us by considering diverse viewpoints and experiences Only then can we arrive at a more accurate and complete understanding of reality。
The Blind men and the Elephant
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盲人摸象的观后感英文
盲人摸象的观后感英文The Blind Men and the Elephant: A ReflectionIn the ancient Indian parable of the blind men and the elephant, a group of blind individuals encounter an elephant for the first time and attempt to describe it based on their limited sensory experiences. One man, touching the elephant's leg, declares it to be a pillar. Another, feeling the trunk, insists it is a snake. A third, grasping the ear, believes it to be a fan, and so on. Each blind man, confined to his own perspective, arrives at a different conclusion about the nature of the elephant, unable to comprehend the full picture.This story serves as a powerful metaphor for the human condition, illustrating the inherent limitations of our individual perceptions and the importance of acknowledging the existence of multiple, equally valid perspectives. It reminds us that the truth is often more complex and multifaceted than any single individual can fully grasp.As I reflect on this parable, I am struck by the parallels it holds to our own lived experiences and the broader challenges we face in navigating the world around us. In our daily lives, we are constantly bombarded with a wealth of information, opinions, and viewpoints,each shaped by the unique experiences and biases of the individuals or sources from which they originate.Just as the blind men in the story, we too can become trapped within the confines of our own limited perspectives, clinging to our preconceived notions and failing to consider alternative interpretations or explanations. This tendency can manifest in various aspects of our lives, from our personal relationships to our understanding of complex social, political, and global issues.In the realm of personal relationships, for instance, we may find ourselves making assumptions about our partners or loved ones based on our own past experiences or preconceptions. We may fail to recognize that their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by their own unique histories, perspectives, and ways of perceiving the world. This can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and the inability to truly empathize with and connect with those closest to us.Similarly, in the realm of public discourse and decision-making, we often witness individuals or groups stubbornly adhering to their own ideological positions, unwilling to engage with or consider alternative viewpoints. This can hinder progress, prevent the emergence of innovative solutions, and perpetuate polarization and division within our communities and societies.The parable of the blind men and the elephant serves as a powerful reminder that the world is a complex and multifaceted place, and that our individual perceptions, while valid, are inherently limited. It encourages us to approach our understanding of the world with humility, openness, and a willingness to continuously expand our perspectives.By embracing this mindset, we can strive to transcend the boundaries of our own experiences and engage in meaningful dialogue with those who may see the world differently. We can learn to appreciate the diversity of human experiences and the richness that comes from considering multiple, often conflicting, viewpoints.Moreover, this parable challenges us to be mindful of our own biases and preconceptions, and to actively seek out opportunities to broaden our horizons. This might involve exposing ourselves to different cultures, engaging with individuals from diverse backgrounds, or carefully examining our own thought processes and assumptions.Ultimately, the lesson of the blind men and the elephant is not about finding a single, definitive truth, but rather about recognizing the inherent limitations of our individual perspectives and the importance of cultivating a more holistic, inclusive, and empathetic understanding of the world around us.By embracing this mindset, we can move beyond the confines of our own blindness and work towards a more nuanced, compassionate, and collaborative approach to navigating the complexities of the human experience. In doing so, we may just catch a glimpse of the magnificent, multifaceted elephant that is our shared reality.。
具身认知视域下的英语故事写作教学实践——以“The_Blind_Men_and_the_Elepha
文|杨素霞———以“The Blind Men and the Elephant”故事写作为例《中国英语能力等级量表》对小学阶段“写作”的技能提出明确要求：能根据图片用简单词句编写小故事，情节基本完整（教育部，2018）。
一线教学中，小学英语写作教学内容多局限于话题写作，且写作指导方法单一、流程固化。
单一的教学方法导致学生缺乏英语写作兴趣，遇到故事写作任务时，更因不得法而出现畏难情绪。
笔者在主持常州市重点课题《小学英语序列化写作的实践研究》的过程中，对具身认知理论进行了深入的文献研究和应用研究，探索出了运用具身认知理论优化英语写作教学、提升写作教学实效的策略。
具身认知理论（Embodied/Embodiment Cognition）主张学生进入真实的或是模拟的情境，通过看、说、触、做等多通道进行感知体验，获得本体感受；主张由活动出发，激活学生的思维和探究欲，使学生结合具体现象亲历概念构建、知识产生的全过程，从而进行深入理解，发展高阶思维，形成情感认同或升华。
具身学习强调具身性、情境性和生成性，鼓励学生在与环境的交互中进行学习，这里的环境并不仅限于真实的现场环境，也可以是人为设置的再现情境，还可以是通过语词唤起的过去的表象与经验。
因此，根据上述具身认知产生的条件，具身可分为实感具身、实境具身和离线具身三种类型（殷明，刘电芝，2015）。
下面，笔者将结合“The Blind Men and the Elephant”故事写作教学实例，从实感具身、实境具身和离线具身三个方面入手，建构基于具身认知理论的英语故事写作教学步骤：实感具身体验（Experience）———实境具身探究（Explore）———离线具身运用（Express），旨在大大提高写作教学的有效性。
一、实感具身体验，构建写作词汇基础实感具身体验由主体亲身经历引发，通过身体感官与实物或外在环境直接接触而产生，如“吃梅止渴”。
课堂导入环节，教师能充分激活学生的身体感官，开展多感官、多知觉体验，能有效激发学生学习兴趣，营造积极的学习状态。
中国古代寓言故事英文版简短盲人摸象
中国古代寓言故事英文版简短盲人摸象在中国古代，有六位盲人，他们虽然目不能视，却热切渴望了解周围的世界。
一日，他们听说有一种名叫大象的生物，体型庞大且独特，无人曾亲眼目睹。
出于好奇，他们决定前去探寻这神秘巨兽的真实面貌。
The six blind men gathered together, holding onto each other's shoulders, forming a line as they approached the elephant. The first man, feeling the rough, sturdy texture beneath his fingers, exclaimed, "The elephant is like a great wall, impenetrable and strong!"六位盲人手挽手肩并肩，排成一列走向大象。
首位盲人触碰到其下粗糙坚实质感，高呼：“大象如长城一般，坚不可摧，力大无穷！”Next in line, the second blind man reached out and grasped the elephant's flexible trunk. He declared, "No, it is more like a snake, winding and agile, able to grasp and move objects with ease."紧随其后的第二位盲人伸出手，握住大象灵活的长鼻，反驳道：“非也，它更像一条蛇，蜿蜒灵动，能轻易抓取和移动物体。
”The third blind man, encountering the elephant's broad ear, compared it to a giant fan. "How mistaken you both are!The elephant resembles a large fan, swaying gently to cool the air," he said confidently.第三位盲人触及大象宽大的耳朵，将其比作巨型扇子，自信地说道：“你们都错了！大象如同一把大扇，轻轻摇摆便能驱散热气。
盲人摸象英语演讲
盲人摸象英语演讲以下是为您生成的关于“盲人摸象”的英语演讲、释义、短语、单词、用法及双语例句：---# 《盲人摸象》英语演讲Good morning/afternoon, dear friends. Today, I'd like to talk about an interesting story called "The Blind Men and the Elephant".Once upon a time, there were six blind men who had never seen an elephant before. One day, they heard that a king had an elephant and they wanted to know what an elephant looked like. So, they went to the place where the elephant was kept.The first blind man touched the elephant's trunk and said, "An elephantis like a thick snake." The second blind man touched the elephant's leg and said, "No, an elephant is like a big pillar." The third blind man touched the elephant's ear and said, "You are both wrong. An elephant is like a big fan." The fourth blind man touched the elephant's body and said, "You are all wrong. An elephant is like a big wall." The fifth blind man touched the elephant's tail and said, "No, no. An elephant is like a thin rope." The sixth blind man touched the elephant's tusk and said, "You are all wrong. An elephant is like a sharp spear."They argued and argued, but no one could convince the others. They were all right in a way, but they were also all wrong. Because each of them only touched one part of the elephant and thought that was the whole elephant.This story tells us that we should look at things from different perspectives and not just rely on our limited experience or knowledge. We should try to understand the whole picture before making a conclusion.Thank you for listening.---# 英语释义“盲人摸象”可以用“The blind men touching the elephant” 或者“The blind men feeling the elephant” 来表达。
86版高一英语(1)
THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANTOnce upon a time, there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for , being blind, how could they?One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast (野兽) so that they could have a "look".Of course, they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trusted their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well, “he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear (矛) than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms and closed them around one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name." he said. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.Ⅰ)THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES (Many years ago, there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes thanfor anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats came to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers (织布工) and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth wasthat clothes made of it would be invisible (看不见的) to anyone who was either stupidor unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid (辉煌的) clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what Ishall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire (帝国) are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish.This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their workat once. So the two men set up two looms (织布机) and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late intothe night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who wereeither fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that heought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the clothfirst.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest (诚实的) man who was more fit forhis office than anyone else.So the old Prime Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can'tempty looms.” God save mesee anything at all." But he was careful not to say so. The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if heliked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider and wider, but he could see nothing on the looms.” Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office?I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth.Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. Thesame thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed. Allthe people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperorhad ordered to be woven for so much money. And they were eager to know how wise orfoolish their friends and neighbors might be.单词助手1.emperor n. 皇帝2.care vi.&vt. 关心，留心3.cheat n. 骗子vt. 骗vi.欺诈4.weave vt. 织；编weaver n. 织布工；编织者5.cloth n. 布；布料6.design n. 图案；花样7.invisible adj. 看不见的8.unfit adj. 不合适的be unfit for 不合适；不胜任9.office n. 职务；职责10.splendid adj. 灿烂的；辉煌的11.empire n. 帝国12.right away 立刻13.gold n.黄金；金色14.in order that 为了15.loom n. 织布机16.pretend vt.&vi. 假装17.silk n. (蚕)丝；丝织品，绸18.thread n. 线19.get along with 进展20.ought v.aux. 应当，应该21.prime adj. 首要的；基本的22.minister n. 大臣；部长23.the Prime Minister 首相，丞相；总理24.fit adj. 适合的；能胜任的be fit for 适合；胜任25.hall n. 会堂，大厅，礼堂26.god n.神；(God)上帝God save me! 天哪！27.wide adv. 广阔地；充分地28.point vi.指，指向vt.指出point to 指着...29.Dear me. 呵！哎呀！30.soon after 不久以后31.sing high praise for 高度赞扬...32.get back 回来；取回33.eager adj. 渴望的，热切的34.disease n. 疾病35.bad-tempered adj. 脾气坏的36.cure vt.&n.治愈37.poison vt. 使中毒38.nonsense n.胡说39.stomachache n.胃痛The Emperor's New Clothes(Ⅱ)Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still onthe looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prime Minister andthe official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harderthan ever, thou gh they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms.” Isn't the cloth magnificent (华丽的)?" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms.They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weaversWhat on earth can this mean?" said thethough they could not see it themselves.” Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyone know.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful! I am very pleased with it.The officials could see no more than the Emperor, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnificent!" and other expression. They told the Emperor that he shouldhave new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession (游行).They Emperor nodded. He cried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officialsand gave each of the weavers a medal.The night before the procession, the two men had their lights burning all night long.They wanted everyone to see how hard they were working on the Emperor's new clothes. At last they cried, "Finished! The Emperor's new clothes are now ready!" Thenthe Emperor arrived with his high officials.” Now if you take off your clothes, Your Majesty, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror," said the cheats.The Emperor was then undressed, and the cheats pretended to dress him in hisnew clothes. The Emperor turned from side to side in front of the mirror.”the Emperor looks in his new clothes!" everyone cried. "And how well they fit! What asplendid design! And what colors!” Well, I suppose I'm ready for the procession," said the Emperor. "Don't you think they are a nice fit?" And he turned again in front of theYes, mirror, in order to make the others think he was looking at his new clothes.” perfectly wonderful!" cried his officials.And so the procession began. The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession, through the streets of the city. And all the people standing by and those at the windowscried out, "On, how splendid our Emperor's new clothes are! What a perfect fit!dared say that he could not see the Emperor's new clothes.ood heavens!Suddenly a little child's voice was heard:" But he has nothing on!” GDid you hear what the child said?" some Listen to that silly child!" said the father.” people nearby asked each other. What the child had said was whispered from one to the other."I can't see anything at all on the Emperor," cried one or two of the braver ones.The cry was taken up and soon everyone was nodding and saying," BUT HE HAS NOTHING O N!” T he Emperor heard the cries. He felt very silly, for he knew that the people were right. But he thought, "The procession has started, and it must go on!” Sothe Emperor held his head higher than ever. And the two officials who were followinghim took great trouble to hold up higher the train (裙裾)of the robe that wasn't there atall.The FootprintOne day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand themark of a man's foot. He was terrified at the sight. He looked round, but could see nobody. He listened, but could hear nothing. There were no other marks. Who had made the footprint? Was there someone else on this lonely island? Was it a savage (野人)? Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. For some days he stayed in this cave, behind his wall. He was afraid to go out, even for food.But no savages came and after a time he began to go out again. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. This made Crusoe very sad. He now felt even morelonely without his friend, the dog.He often thought about the footmark. Perhaps he had made it himself? He decidedto go back and look again. The footprint was still there. He tried his foot in it, but it wasmuch larger than his own. So there must be someone else on the island. Full of fear again, Crusoe returned home. He built another fence (篱笆) round his cave. Now he made holes in the wall and placed his guns in them, pointing outwards.But he still did not feel safe enough. He decided to look for another cave, where he could hide if savages came. He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high, with a narrow entrance. He stepped into the cave. Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. Was it a man, or a wild animal? He hurried out intothe daylight.Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. He stepped back into the cave, holding the stick high above his head. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. Hestopped. Nothing happened. He went farther into the cave.On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die. It was the goat's eyes that he had seen in the darkness. As he looked at it, the goat rolled over and died.Crusoe looked about the cave. The ground and the sides were quite dry. Inside, the top of the cave was nearly twenty feet high. It was a good hiding place.Crusoe had eleven guns altogether. He brought five of them to his new cave and a great deal of gun-powder(火药). The cave was quite dark inside, so he made some candles (蜡烛) to give light. Now he had a safe place if the savages came. Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. And so the months and years went by.It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. Early one morning, before starting work, he climbed up to his lookout.There, on the shore, were nine savages, s itting round a fire. Nearby were two canoes in which they had came to the island. They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire. Crusoe watched, full of fear.As soon as the savages h ad gone, Crusoe returned home for two guns. Then he made his way down to the shore. He looked out to sea. The two canoes were almost out of sight.He went towards the fire, which was still smoking. Among the ashes he found bones. They were not the bones of an animal, but of a human being!Crusoe knew that the savages killed their enemies and ate them. He made up his mind to shoot them if they came again. But many months went by and no one visitedthe island.The Story of William TellA long time ago，the tiny country of Switzerland was ruled by Austria. But the Swiss did not take their fate lying down. Every week there was a rebellion (反抗) somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions. The town of Altorf was particularly troublesome.The emperor of Austria finally decided to teach the Swiss a lesson. He sent a special governor to Altorf, a man named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand.One of Gessler's orders required all Altorfers to bow (鞠躬) before him. Anyone who refused to bow was thrown into prison. Although most of the people bowed to Gessler, they spat into the dirt as they did so. So Gessler decided to get even tougher. He placed his hat on a pole in the marketplace and ordered the Altorfers to bow before itwhenever they passed.One day, William Tell, a famous hunter, came to Altorf with his little son. He saw that ten soldiers were standing beside the pole. He knew about the order, and he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.Holding his head high, he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn't exist. Immediately the soldiers surrounded him and his son, saying:" You must bow before the hat!" "Why?""It's an order!""It's your order," said William Tell, "not mine.""We'll show you whose order it is," said the soldiers, and they led the father andson to Gessler. Even before the cruel governor himself William Tell did not bow. He held his son's hand firmly to be sure that the boy did not bow either."You broke the law," said Gessler."That is not my law," said William Tell. "I am a citizen (公民) of Switzerland, not Austria." Gessler turned red with anger. He then thought of a plan to punish William Tell."You're a hunter," he said. "We'll see how good you are." Picking an apple from a tree overhead, he turned to a soldier and said, "Take the boy one hundred paces down the street and place this apple on his head." Then he ordered William Tell to shoot atthe apple with one of his arrow. The people who had gathered around were shocked at the cruelty of the order.Without saying a word, William Tell drew two arrows. He looked at his son, one hundred paces away with an apple on his head. The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father. "Turn around," William Tell called to his son. "Look this way."The boy turned around and faced his father. William Tell studied the two arrows, selected one, and placed it in his bow. Slowly he raised the bow, pulled back the cord, and after taking careful aim, let the arrow fly.It split the apple in half! The people raised a shout of joy. William Tell turned and looked calmly at Gessler. "Congratulations!" said Gessler, s neering. "Now tell me why you took a second arrow." "If I had missed," said William Tell, "and had shot too low, I was going to use this arrow on you."The story of the bravery of William Tell and his son quickly got round throughout Switzerland. It filled the hearts of the Swiss with pride and courage, and it was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers from their homeland.Watching AntsIf you go into the fields and turn over a few big stones, you may uncover a city ofant "people". You will see the workers, who gather food for themselves and for all the others. You will see the nurses, who care for the baby ants. And you will see some of the babies, too.While ants grow, they change their form three times. They start as tiny white eggs, and when these hatch, out come little fat white worms (蠕虫). These worms then weave silk cocoons (蚕茧) around themselves, inside which they change from fat worms into ants. When the time comes, the cocoons are torn open by the ant nurses, and the new ants with their tender legs and bodies are very gently helped out. You may see some of these new ants, still very pale in colour.A lucky visitor to the ant city may see the queen. She is much larger than the others and her hind (后部的) half is very big because it is full of eggs. Laying eggs (产卵) is her full-time jobs. She may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. The nurses keep her very clean, washing her with their tongues. From the outside, the workers bring her food. As the mother of many children, she is respected and taken good care of.Not all the ants go out for food. Some have extra powerful jaws. These act as guards and soldiers in time of trouble. Some workers keep the tunnels and rooms clean. All rubbish (垃圾) is carried out.Ants are fond of sweet food. They often milk little bugs called ant cows (蚜虫). You can see ant cows on the leaves and flowers of many plants. These cow bugs drink much more sap (树液) than they can use. It passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter. The ant knows how to milk them. It strikes a cow bug's back with its forelegs and feelers. The cow bug seems to enjoy this, and soon a tiny drop of honeydew milk appears. The ant taps (拍打) it up and goes to the next cow bug for more.The ant is not gathering this food for itself alone. It has two stomachs in its body, one for itself and one for carrying food for "the folks back home". When it returns, a nurse ant which has been busy indoors all day is sure to ask for honeydew (蜜汁). The two ants place their mouths together. The one which has the honeydew brings up a drop from its public stomach and passes it into the nurse ant's mouth; later, the nurse will give some of her drop to the babies, or to the queen. This is how the city is fed.When one ant wants food from another, it taps on the other's head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code. They "talk" a great deal by this means. If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled by this "tap-talking" with the feelers.The Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China likea huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east: across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world.And it was said that it was one of the few man-made objects on the earth that could be seen by the astronauts (宇航员) who landed on the moon. The Great Wall hasa history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built during the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC—476BC). During the Warring States Period (475BC—221BC), more walls were put up to defend (保卫) the borders of the different kingdoms.In 221BC, the Kingdom of Qin united (统一) the different parts of China into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus the Great Wall came into being. Since then, it has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).The Great Wall,he Ten-Thousand-L i Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 which is called in Chinese “Ｔkilometers long, 6 ~ 7meters high and 4 ~ 5 meters wide. In most places it is wide enough for five horses or ten men to walk side by side along the top. It has great gateways (门户) which connect the main roads of north China.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch towers, where soldiersused to keep watch. When the enemy came, fires were lit and at the same time gunswere fired to warn soldiers at other towers. One column of smoke with one gunshot meant an enemy troop of about 100, two columns with two shots meant 500. In thisway, a warning message could be sent 500 kilometers within a few hours.It was very difficult to build and rebuild such a great wall over wild and distant country without any modern machines. All the work had to be done by hand. Many people were forced to work on the wall far away from their homes. They lifted earth in baskets, passed bricks from hand to hand and dragged (拖、拉) heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. Their living conditions were terrible. Thousands of men died andwere buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.After the Great Wall was rebuilt hundreds of years ago, no more work was done onit until the People's Republic of China was founded. After that, parts of the Great Wallwere repaired. On both sides of it new cities appeared, trees were planted, and deserts became grasslands. The old Great Wall took on a new look.Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese People, but also to the people from all over the world. Many of them have come to know thefamous Chinese saying: “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.THE LOST NECKLACE(项链)Place: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wifePierre Loisel, husbandJeanne Forrestier, their friendScene 1(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne: (Looking at the other woman) I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you. Mathilde: No, you wouldn't, but many years ago you knew me well. I'm Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne: Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible? But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you weren't ill. Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill. You see here an old woman. But it's because of hard work —ten years of hard work.Jeanne: But I don't understand, Mathilde. There's only one year between us; I'm thirty-five and you're thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that much?Mathilde: Yes, i t can. Years o f hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years. Jeanne: Mathilde! I didn't know. I'm sorry. But what happened?Mathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne: Oh, come on, Mathilde. Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, ... Well, it was all because of that necklace. Your necklace.Jeanne: My necklace?Mathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond (钻石) necklace?Jeanne: Let me think. Ten years ago... Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think.Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a government office, and for the first time inour life we were invited to an important ball.Scene 2(The scene changed to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.) Pierre: Yes, Mathilde, we're going to the ball(舞会), the palace ball!Mathilde: I can't believe it!Pierre: But it's true.Mathilde: Oh, Pierre, how wonderful! But I haven't got a dress for the ball!Pierre: What does a new evening dress cost, Mathilde?Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre: Four hundred! That's a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we'll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you're so kind. Oh, but there's one other thing... Pierre: What is it, Mathilde?Mathilde: I ... I have no jewelry (珠宝).Pierre: Jewelry? Do you need jewelry? Why not just a flower?Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say "I'm poor. I haven't got any jewelry."Pierre: Can't you borrow some jewelry from a friend, Mathilde?Mathilde: Which friend? My friends are all poor, too.Pierre: Let me think. How about Jeanne? She married well. Perhaps she has some. Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I'll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress.Pierre: I'm sure she has something you can borrow.Scene 3(The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.) Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember?Jeanne: Yes, Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne: (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose.Jeanne: Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathilde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn't want anything else, only the necklace.Jeanne: I'm sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace.Jeanne: Didn't you have a good time at that ball?Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time... the last happy evening for the next ten years.Jeanne:But why, Mathilde?Mathilde:On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn't find it. I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne:But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well.Mathilde:Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a different one. I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.Jeanne:Thirty-six thousand!Mathilde:Yes, Pierre and I borrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we've paid off all our debts(偿清债务).Jeanne:But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn't a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.。
盲人摸象英语作文四年级
盲人摸象英语作文四年级全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Story of Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time, in a small village, there lived six blind men. They had heard about elephants but had never seen one. One day, a nobleman brought an elephant to the village. The blind men were curious and wanted to experience what an elephant felt like.The first blind man approached the elephant and touched its side. He exclaimed, "An elephant is like a wall, firm and sturdy." The second blind man felt the elephant's tusk and said, "No, an elephant is sharp and pointed like a spear." The third blind man touched its trunk and disagreed, "You are both wrong. An elephant is long and flexible like a snake."The fourth blind man felt the elephant's leg and said, "You are all mistaken. An elephant is thick and round like a tree trunk." The fifth blind man touched the elephant's ear and said, "No, an elephant is wide and flat like a fan." The sixth blind manapproached the elephant's tail and said, "You are all mistaken. An elephant is thin and swift like a rope."The blind men started arguing with each other, each convinced that their perspective was accurate. The nobleman who brought the elephant to the village overheard their conversation and explained, "Each of you is right in your own way. An elephant is a combination of all your descriptions. It is like a wall, a spear, a snake, a tree trunk, a fan, and a rope."The blind men realized that they had only touched one part of the elephant and had different perceptions based on their limited experience. They understood that to truly understand something, they needed to consider multiple viewpoints.From that day on, the blind men worked together to explore other objects and creatures, sharing their perspectives and learning from each other. They embraced their differences and recognized the value of diversity in understanding the world around them.The story of the blind men and the elephant teaches us the importance of open-mindedness, empathy, and collaboration. By listening to others and considering different perspectives, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world and appreciate the uniqueness of each individual's experience.篇2The Blind Men and the Elephant is a famous story that teaches us about perspective and understanding. The story goes like this:Once upon a time, there were six blind men who heard about an elephant. They were very curious to know what an elephant was like, so they decided to go and find one. When they had found an elephant, they each touched a different part of it to figure out what an elephant was like.The first blind man touched the elephant's side and said, "An elephant is like a wall, very solid and strong." The second blind man touched the elephant's tusk and said, "No, an elephant is like a spear, sharp and dangerous." The third blind man touched the elephant's trunk and said, "You are both wrong, an elephant is like a snake, long and flexible." The fourth blind man touched the elephant's ear and said, "An elephant is like a fan, big and flat." The fifth blind man touched the elephant's leg and said, "You are all mistaken, an elephant is like a tree trunk, sturdy and tall." The sixth blind man touched the elephant's tail and said, "An elephant is like a rope, thin and tough."The blind men argued with each other about what an elephant was like, each convinced that their own perspective was correct. But in reality, they were all right in their own way. The elephant was a combination of all the things they had described – it was big and strong like a wall, sharp like a spear, flexible like a snake, flat like a fan, sturdy like a tree trunk, and tough like a rope.The moral of the story is that everyone sees things from their own perspective, and it's important to listen to others and consider different viewpoints. Just like the blind men and the elephant, we can learn a lot by understanding that there is more than one way to see things.So next time you find yourself in a disagreement with someone, remember the blind men and the elephant. Try to see things from their perspective and consider that they might be right in their own way. By being open-minded and willing to listen, we can learn a lot from each other and gain a better understanding of the world around us.篇3The Story of Blind Men and the ElephantOnce upon a time, there were six blind men who lived in a small village. They had heard about elephants but had never seen one. One day, an elephant was brought to the village for a festival. The blind men were curious to know what an elephant looked like, so they went to touch and feel the elephant.The first blind man touched the elephant's side and said, "The elephant is like a wall, very flat and rough."The second blind man touched the elephant's tusk and said, "No, the elephant is like a spear, sharp and pointed."The third blind man touched the elephant's trunk and said, "You are both wrong, the elephant is like a snake, long and flexible."The fourth blind man touched the elephant's leg and said, "You are all mistaken, the elephant is like a tree trunk, thick and solid."The fifth blind man touched the elephant's ear and said, "No, the elephant is like a fan, flat and wide."The sixth blind man touched the elephant's tail and said, "You are all mistaken, the elephant is like a rope, thin and long."The blind men started arguing with each other, each insisting that their perception of the elephant was correct.Suddenly, a wise man passing by heard the commotion and approached them. He listened to their descriptions and smiled. He explained to them that they were all touching different parts of the same elephant and none of them were completely wrong.The blind men were amazed by this revelation and thanked the wise man for his wisdom. They realized that each person's perception was limited by their own experience and understanding. They learned to respect each other's point of view and understood that the truth could be seen from different perspectives.From that day onwards, the blind men were no longer divided by their differences but united by their shared experience. They became good friends and lived happily ever after, always remembering the day they touched the elephant.And so, the story of the blind men and the elephant teaches us the importance of understanding and respecting different perspectives, as well as the value of cooperation and unity in diversity.。
盲人与大象的英语作文
盲人与大象的英语作文盲人与大象的英语作文是世界上最流行的语言，也是所有语言中使用最广泛的语言，学好英语有利于我们对外交流。
下面店铺带来的是盲人与大象的英语作文，希望对你有帮助。
盲人与大象的英语作文1An elephant was led by someone on the street. The four blind man heard, and wanted to know what the strange beast was like. But they can't see it and have to touch it.A blind man touched the elephant's long teeth. "I know," he said. "It turned out that the elephant was like a rough and long radish." Another blind man touched the big ear of the elephant. He said: "no, the elephant with a big dustpan like." The third blind man touched the elephant's leg. He said: "unlike the dustpan, unlike elephants like radish, tsuishine stick a son, but a little rough." The fourth blind man touched the elephant's tail. "You're all wrong," he said. "The elephant is like a rope." What is an elephant like? The four blind men fought for half a day, and the result was not clear."On the basis of one-sided viewpoint" and "risky" is from the story to the.Some people see things, see only a small part of things, you think you saw the whole thing, it can be said that he is "on the basis of one-sided viewpoint" or "groping in the dark".大街上有人牵过一头大象。
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The four blind men have never seen an elephant, they want to know about the elephant.
(他们从来没见过大象，他们想知道大象长什 么样子。)
What can they do?
They touch the elephant.
• They can say sorry to the elephant. • They can ask the old man. • They can touch the elephant again.
The four men touch it again.
The tail is thin.
Touch it again. How does it feel?
盲的，看不见的
Ⅱ Read the story, number the pictures.
An old man and an elephant
They are under a tree. are coming.
They touch the elephant.
It is a hot day.
The four men say hello to the old man and the elephant.
Do you know an elephant? What does it look like?
• It is big. • It is gray. • It has got a long nose,
two big ears and four legs. • It likes bananas.
But some people don't know about the elephant.
There are many new words. Can you guess their meaning? (你能猜出他们的意思吗？)
• The elephant is thick. It is like a tree.
• The elephant is thin. It is like a rope.
A. happy B. angry
The elephant says:
Am I a bamboo? Am I a fan?
Am I a rope? Am I a tree?
They are not me!!!
Now the elephant is angry. What can they do?
Pink
Zhang Wang Li
Zhao
Why don't they know about the elephant?
(为什么他们不知道大象长什么样子呢？)
Because they cannot see.
The story is:
The blind men and the elephant
blind
They are talking.
Then they hear a noise.
hear a noise
What’s its meaning?(这个词组什么意思呢？）
Does it influence your reading of the story?
(它影响你理解故事吗？)
They are talking.
Then they hear a noise.
Good afternoon, young men.
Is it a tiger?
Well, it's an elephant.
Good afternoon.
We hear a noise. What is it?
No. I think it's a bear .
Oh, the tooth is hard.
Now do they know about the elephant?
The elephant is very
Read the story again
. and fill blanks.
The ear is soft, it is like a fan.
(发音正确而且洪亮)
3. Read correctly, loudly and act the
story with emotions.
★★★
(发音正确洪亮而且表演有感情)
After reading the story, we find:
• We can guess the meanings of the words or sentences.
(我们可以猜测词意或句意。)
(How does it feel? thick, thin, hard, soft…) • We can also skip some unimportant words.
(我们可以跳过一些不重要的词。)
(noise…) • We can also look up some words in the dictionary.
Ⅲ Read and understand
It is a hot day. Four men are under a tree. They are blind. They cannot see.
They are Blue Zhang, Brown Wang, Purple Li and Pink Zhao.
The leg is
, it is like a tree.
The tooth is
, it
a bamboo.
The tail
, it is
a rope.
The nose
, it is like a
.
(分角色表演)
1. Read correctly. (发音正确) ★
2. Read correctly and loudly. ★ ★
Ⅰ Watch and answer
1. How many people are there in the story?
2. Who are they?
Enjoy the story.
How many people are there in the story?
Blue
Brown Purple
• The elephant is hard. It is like a bamboo. • The elephant is soft. It is like a fan.
There are many new words. Can you guess their meaning? (你能猜出他们的意思吗？)
They want to know more about the elephant. So they touch other parts.
They become good friends with the elephant.
The tail is thin.
A soft ear. Wow, the leg is thick.
(我们也可以查字典。)
Their opinions(意见) are different. Why? Are they right ( √ ) or wrong ( × )?
tree
the
fan
elephant
rope
bre wrong ( × ), so the elephant is .
The ear is soft.
The tooth is hard.
The leg is thick. Are they right ( √ ) now?
They want to know more about the elephant.
They touch other parts.
(他们摸了大象其他部位。)
• The elephant is thick. It is like a tree.
• The elephant is thin. It is like a rope.
• The elephant is hard. It is like a bamboo. • The elephant is soft. It is like a fan.
No, it is thin. It is like a rope.
How does it feel, young men?
No, the elephant is hard. It is like
a bamboo.
No, it is big and soft. It is like a fan.
The elephant is thick. It is like a tree.